TRNG THPT L LI CNG N THI GIA HKII T Ha Sinh Mn Ha h ! "" N#$ h ! %&"'(%&") A* N+I ,-NG KI.

KI.N TH/C Ni dung: Phn hirocacon Trng tm: - Cng thc phn t, c im c u t!o - "#ng $ng, #ng phn, danh ph%p - T&nh ch t h'a hc - Ph(n ng i)u ch* - +,i t-p .%c /nh CTPT, CTCT, t&nh 0h1i 234ng, hi5u 6u t7 0* 01I T2P 32N ,4NG C56 "7 8n09n 2, h4p ch t: A* :idrocac;on m!ch h<, 0hng no= 0* C' 2i>n 0*t i C?C trong phn t= C* C' #ng phn h@nh hc= ,* :idrocac;on m!ch h<, c' A 2i>n 0*t i C?C trong phn t= C56 %7 T&nh ch t n,o 6au B phC h4p DEi +9nF9n: A7 Ch t 0h&, mCi c tr3ng, tan t1t trong n3Ec 0* Ch t 0h&, 0hng tan tong n3Ec C* Ch t 2Gng, tan t1t trong n3Ec ,* Ch t 2Gng, 0hng tan trong n3Ec, mCi c tr3ng C56 '7 C' ;ao nhi>u #ng phn c u t!o cHa an0an c' cng thc phn t CI:AJ K A* L #ng phn= 0* M #ng phn= C* I #ng phn= ,* N #ng phn C56 )7 Cng thc chung cHa an0an 2, A* Cn:Jn OnPJQ 0* Cn:Jn-NOnPNQ C* Cn:JnRJOnPAQ ,* Cn:Jn-JOnPJQ C56 8: Trong caSc nhTn .9St d3USi B nhTn .9St naVo 6ai A* CaSc an0an coS cng th3Sc phn t3W chung 2, Cn:Jn RJ OnPAQ 0* C%c an09n c' mt 2i>n 0*t i trong phn t C* TSt caW an0an >Vu chiW coS 2i>n 0>St Un trong phn t3W ,* C%c an0in )u cho ph(n ng th* DEi 8gNXLYN:L C56 9: :irocac;on no 2aV nh3Zng hiroca;on trong phn t3W A* ChiW coS 2i>n 0>St Un 0* ChiW coS 2i>n 0>St i C* C' A 2i>n 0*t ;a ,* CoS iSt nhSt A 2i>n 0>St i o C56 :7 Cho ph(n ng gi[a ;uta-A,L-i9n D, :+r < M\ C Ot] 25 mo2 A:AQ, 6(n ph^m ch&nh cHa ph(n ng 2, A* C:LC:+rC:?C:J= 0* C:LC:?C:C:J+r= C* C:J+rC:JC:?C:J= ,* C:LC:?C+rC:L= C56 ;7 :o% ch t n,o 6au B dCng 2,m 6!ch C:M c' 2_n CJ:M D, CJ:J A* `ung d/ch +rJ 0* `ung d/ch abnXM C* `ung d/ch 8gNXLYN:L ,* C' th dCng c%c dung d/ch +rJ hoc abnXM C56 <7 +9F9n 34c i)u ch* trc ti*p tc h4p ch t n,o 6au B A* C:M 0* CJ:J C* CaCJ ,* C:LCXXNa C56 "&7 8n0an =C:LQJC:C:JC:L c' t>n gi 2,: A* J-m9tB2;utan= 0* J,M-im9tB2propan= C* L-m9tB2;utan ,* i6o;utan= C56 ""7 Trong PTN i)u ch* C:M ;dng ph(n ng n,o 6au B K A* C:LCXXNa R NaX:= 0* CaCJ R :JX C* CJ:IX:
Ae\o C H J SO M
,* CJ:J trimehoa

C56 "%7 8n0in CM:N c' ;ao nhi>u #ng phn cho ph(n ng dung d/ch 8gNXLYN:L A* M= 0* J= C* A= ,* L= C56 "'7 Cng thc phn t cHa ;uta-A,L-i9n OiDinB2Q D, i6opr9n OJ-m9tB2;uta-A,L-i9nQ 2n 234t 2, A* CM:N D, CI:A\= 0* CM:M D, CI:f= C* CM:N D, CI:f= ,* CM:f D, CI:A\= C56 ")7 T>n gi cHa h4p ch t C:L-C:J-COC:L Q?C:-C:L th9o danh ph%p thaB th* 2,: A* J-9tB;utan 0* L-m9tB2p9nt-J-9n C* gFo h9.9n ,* L-m9tB2 p9nt-L=-9n C56 "87 h1 #ng phn c u t!o cHa cHa an09n c' CTPT CM:f 2, A* e= 0* M= C* N= ,* I= C56 "97 Cng thc chung cHa diB #ng $ng an0in 2, A* Cn:Jn OnLQ 0* Cn:Jn OnJQ C* Cn:Jn RJ OnAQ ,* Cn:Jn -J =OnJQ C56 "::Cho chSt 8 phaWn 3Sng DUSi NaX: ODUSi CaX 2aVm .uSc t%cQ taTo thaVnh C:M=jTB 8 2aV A* C:LCXXNa 0* C:LCXX: C* C:LCXXNa ,* CJ:ICXXNa j C56 ";7 "1t ch%B ho,n to,n mt hirocac;on k h(n ph^m thu 34c c' CXJ l j :JX O c%c 0h& o < cCng 0Q= k thuc diB #ng $ng n,o 6au B A* 8n0in 0* 8r9n C* 8n09n ,* 8n0an

C56 "<7 h1 #ng phn thuc 2o!i an0ai9n 2i>n h4p ng DEi cng thc phn t CI:f 2, A* M= 0* I= C* L= ,* J= C56 %&7 h1 #ng phn an0in c' cCng cng thc phn t CM:N 2, : A* J 0* I C* L ,* M C56 %"7 Cng thc tmng nu%t: Cn:Jn On J, n nguB>n d3UngQ 2, cng thc cHa: A* 8n0in 0* 8n0adi9n C* 8n09n ,* 8n0an C56 %%7 "St chaSB caSc hirocac;on cuWa daZB Vng oWng naVo d3USi B thiV tiW 2>T mo2 : JX : mo2 CXJ giaWm 0hi 6S cac;on tong= A* an0an= 0* an09n= C* an0in= ,* ar9n C56 %': :ai chSt J-m9tB2propan DaV ;utan 0haSc nhau D>V A* Cng th3Sc cSu taTo C* Cng th3Sc phn t3W 0* hS nguB>n t3W cac;on ,* hS 2i>n 0>St cTng hoSa triT C56 %)7 Cho chuZi ;i>Sn Wi hoSa hoTc :C:LCXXNa -l k -l p-l CJ:N k,p 2aV caSc chSt naVo 6au B A* C:M DaV C:LC2 0* C:LCXX:q CJ:IX: C* C:MqCJ:M ,* C:LCXX:q C:LC2 C56 %87 rng DEi cng thc phn t Cf:A\ c' ;ao nhi>u #ng phn c u t!o cha Dsng ;9nF9n K A* J= 0* L= C* M= ,* I= C56 %97 Ch t n,o 6au B c' #ng phn h@nh hc: A* C:LC:?C:J 0* C:L-CtC-C:L C* C:LC:?C:C:L ,* C:LC:JC:JC:L C56 %:7 Cho diB chuBun ho% : CaCJ k p po2i 9ti29n OPv=Q= k,p 2n 234t 2, c%c ch t : A* CJ:M ,CXJ 0* CJ:J, CJ:N C* CJ:J ,CXJ ,* CJ:J, CJ:M C56 %;7 Th,nh phn ch&nh cHa w0h& thi>n nhi>nx 2,: A* m9tan= 0* 9tan= C* propan= ,* n-;utan= C56 %<7 Ch t n,o 6au B c' nhi5t 6i cao nh t A* C:M 0*CJ:N C* CL:f ,* CM:A\ C56 '&7 Ph(n ng c tr3ng cHa hirocac;on no 2, A* Ph(n ng t%ch= 0* Ph(n ng th*= C* Ph(n ng cng= ,* Ph(n ng o.i ho% C56 '"7 ahi cho J-m9tB2;utan t%c dyng DEi C2J th9o tz 25 mo2 A:A th@ t!o ra 6(n ph^m ch&nh 2,: A* A-c2o-J-m9tB2;utan= 0* J-c2o-J-m9tB2;utan= C* J-c2o-L-m9tB2;utan= ,* A-c2o-L-m9tB2;utan= C56 '%7 Cho ph(n ng gi[a ;uta-A,L-i9n D, :+r < -f\oC Ot] 25 mo2 A:AQ, 6(n ph^m ch&nh cHa ph(n ng 2, A* C:LC:+rC:?C:J= 0* C:LC:?C:C:J+r= C* C:J+rC:JC:?C:J= ,* C:LC:?C+rC:L= C56 ''7 Cho c%c cng thc :
H

OAQ OJQ OLQ C u t!o n,o 2, cHa ;9nF9n K A* OAQ D, OJQ= 0* OAQ D, OLQ= C* OJQ D, OLQ= ,* OAQ q OJQ D, OLQ= C56 ')7 T&nh ch t n,o 6au B 0hng {ng 1i DEi +9nF9n A* Ch t 2Gng, 0hng m,u, c' mCi thUm c tr3ng= 0* ahng tan trong n3Ec, tan trong nhi)u dung mi h[u cU= C* |, h4p ch t 0hng no, t3Ung 1i du tham gia ph(n ng th*= ,* |,m m t m,u dung d/ch n3Ec +rm, abnXM C56 '87 Cho ph(n ng gi[a ;uta-A,L-i9n D, :+r < M\oC Ot] 25 mo2 A:AQ, 6(n ph^m ch&nh cHa ph(n ng 2, A* C:LC:+rC:?C:J= 0* C:LC:?C:C:J+r= C* C:J+rC:JC:?C:J= ,* C:LC:?C+rC:L C56 '97 8n09n k c' c im: Trong phn t c' f 2i>n 0*t .&ch ma= CTPT cHa k 2, A* CJ:M= 0* CM:f= C* CL:N= ,* CI:A\= C56 ':7 Nh[ng an0in n,o 6au B 2, ch t 0h& < nhi5t th3}ngK A* CJ:J, CI:f, CL:M 0* CL:M, CM:N, CJ:J C* CL:M, CM:N, CN:A\ ,* CN:A\, CI:f, CM:N C56 ';7 TrCng h4p 9ti29n 6(n ph^m thu 34c 2,: A* O-C:J?C:J-Qn = 0* O-C:J-C:J-Qn = C* O-C:?C:-Qn= ,* O-C:L-C:L-Qn = C56 '<7 X.i ho% 9ti29n ;dng dung d/ch abnXM thu 34c 6(n ph^m 2,: A* bnXJ, CJ:MOX:QJ, aX:= C* aJCXL, :JX, bnXJ= 0* CJ:IX:, bnXJ, aX:= ,* CJ:MOX:QJ, aJCXL, bnXJ=

C56 )&7 Ch t n,o 6au B t%c dyng 34c DEi 8gNXLYN:L A* C:L-C C-C:L 0* C:L-C:J-C C: 0* C:J?C:-C:?C:J ,* C:L-C:J-C:?C:J C56 )"7 Th,nh phn h~n h4p c' th thu 34c cHa ph(n ng 6au B 2,: CJ:J R :J A* CJ:N, :J 0* CJ:M, CJ:J, :J C56 )%7 TrCng h4p ;uta -A,L i9n thu 34cK A* O-CJ:-C:-C:-C:J-Qn= C* O-C:J-C:-C:?C:J-Qn= C56 )'7 Cho ph(n ng: CJ:IX:
Ae\o C l H J SO M

Pd Y PbCOL l to

C* CJ:M, CJ:N, :J,* CJ:N, CJ:J, :J 0* O-C:J-C:?C:-C:J-Qn= ,* O-C:J-C:J-C:J-C:J-Qn= Thu 34c 6(n ph^m 2,:

A* vtB29n 0* +ut-A-9n C* +ut-J-9n ,* +uta-A,L-i9n C56 ))7 Cho ph(n ng : CJ:J R :JX 8= 6(n ph^m cu1i cCng 8 2, ch t n,o d3Ei B A* C:J?C:X:= 0* C:LC:X= C* C:LCXX:= ,* CJ:IX:= C56 )87 Cho 6U # ph(n ng 6au: C:L-CtC: R 8gNXLY N:L k R N:MNXL k c' cng thc c u t!o 2,K A* C:L-C8gtC8g= 0* C:L-CtC8g= C* 8gC:J-CtC8g= ,* 8gCtC8g C56 )97 Ch t n,o 6au B 0hng th i)u ch* 34c CJ:M ;dng mt ph3Ung tr@nh A* CJ:IX: 0* CJ:J C* CM:A\ ,* C:M C56 ):7 Ch t n,o trong M ch t d3Ei B c' th tham gia c( M ph(n ng: Ph(n ng ch%B trong o.i, ph(n ng cng ;rom, ph(n ng cng hiro O.{c t%c Ni, toQ, ph(n ng th* DEi dd 8gNXL YN:L A* 9tan= 0* 9ti29n= C* a.9ti29n= ,* ;9nF9n= C56 );7 Cho an0in C:L-C C: t%c dyng DEi :+r Ot] 25 mo2 A:AQ= h(n ph^m ch&nh thu 34c 2, : A* C:L-C:J-C:+rJ 0* C:L-C:+r-C:J+r C* C:L-C+r?C:J ,* C:L-C:?C:+r C56 )<7 8n0in CI:f c' ;ao nhi>u #ng phn c u t!o A* M= 0* N= C* I= ,* L= C56 8&7 `iB ch t n,o 2,m m t m,u dung d/ch n3Ec ;rm D, dung d/ch abnXM : A* CL:f, CJ:M, CJ:J 0* C:M, CJ:M, CJ:J C* CN:N, CJ:M, CJ:J ,* CL:M, CJ:M , CJ:J C56 8"7 htir9n >hn? ph(n ng 34c DEi nh[ng ch t n,o 6au B K A* dd +rJ= 0* :JYNi,to= C* dd abnXM= ,* dd NaX:= C56 8%7 thc hi5n ph(n ng t%ch n-;utan thu 34c t1i a ;ao nhi>u 6(n ph^m h[u cU A* M 0* I C* N ,* J C56 8'7 Ph(n ng n,o 6au B >hn? .(B ra: A* +9nF9n R C2J Oa6Q= 0* +9nF9n R :J ONi, p, toQ= C* +9nF9n R +rJ OddQ= ,* +9nF9n R :NXL OQ Y:JhXM OQ= C56 8)7 Ph(n ng chng minh t&nh ch t noq 0hng no cHa ;9nF9n 2n 234t 2,: A* th*, cng= 0* cng, nitro ho%= C* ch%B, cng= ,* cng, ;rom ho%= C56 88: CaSc an0an 0hng tham gia 2oaTi phaWn 3Sng naVo A* PhaWn 3Sng th>S 0* PhaWn 3Sng cTng C* PhaWn 3Sng taSch ,* PhaWn 3Sng chaSB C56 897 `aZB chSt naVo 6au B thuTc daZB Vng oWng cHa an0an A* C:Mq CJ:Mq CL:f 0* CJ:Nq CL:fq CM: C* C:M qCJ:N qCL:f ,* CJ:M qCL:f qCM:A\ C56 8:7 " 2,m 6!ch 9ti29n c' 2_n a.9ti29n ta cho h~n h4p i nua dd n,o 6au B K A* dd ;rom d3= 0* dd abnXM d3= C* dd 8gNXL YN:L d3= ,* `d :C2= C56 8;7 +a ch t 0h& < L ;@nh m t nhin 2, CJ:J , CJ:M , CJ:N = Thu1c th nh-n ;i*t c%c ch t tr>n 2n 234t 2, A* dung d/ch8gNXL YN:L , dung d/ch a.&t :C2 2oing 0* dung d/ch 8gNXL YN:L, dung d/ch n3Ec ;rom 2oing C* dung d/ch 8gNXL YN:L, ;rom 2Gng ngB>n ch t ,* dung d/ch n3Ec ;rom 2oing , nu@ t&m ^m C56 8<7 h(n ph^m n,o 6au B 0hng i)u ch* trc ti*p 34c tc 9tB29n : A* O-C:J-C:J-Qn 0* C:JX:-C:JX: C* C:LC:JX: ,* O-C:J-C:C2-Qn C56 9&7 Ch t n,o 6au B 2, an0ai9n 2i>n h4p: A* C:J?C:-C:J-C:?C:J 0* C:L-C:?C:-C:L C* C:J?C:-C:?C:J ,* C:J?C?C:-C:L C56 9"7 Trong phn t an0in k, hiro chi*m AA,AAA 0h1i 234ng= C' ;ao nhi>u an0in phC h4p

A* A= 0* J= C* L= ,* M C56 9%7 "1t ch%B ho,n to,n J,Ng CJ:J, cho to,n ; 6(n ph^m D,o ;@nh cha dung d/ch CaOX:QJ d3 0h1i 234ng ;@nh tong K A* f,f,g 0* A\,Ng C* A\,fg ,* f,Ng= C56 9'7 :idrocac;on k c' tz 0h1i hUi 6o DEi :idro 2, AL th@ cng thc cHa k 2, A* CJ:M 0* C:M C* CJ:J ,* CJ:N C56 9)7 Cho N,eJ 2&t CJ:J O0tcQ i tc tc pua 1ng nghi5m ch/u nhi5t cha than nung G < N\\ , thu 34c e,\J gam gam ;9nF9n, :i5u 6u t n{a tr@nh 2,= A= e\ 0= fe C= \ ,= fJ C56 98: "1t ch%B ho,n to,n J=JM 2it mt an09n k thu 34c N=eJ 2it CXJO C%c 0h& o < 0tcQ= k%c /nh cng thc phn t cHa k A* CM:f 0* CL:N C* CI:A\ ,* CL:f C56 997 "1t ch%B mt h~n h4p hirocac;on k thu 34c N,eJ 2&t CXJ D, e,J gam :JX= Th t&ch XJ O0tcQ i ph(n ng 2, A* N,eJ 2&t 0* f,N 2&t C* AA,J 2&t ,* AL,MM 2&t C56 9:7 :~n h4p J an0in #ng $ng 0* ti*p nhau, 1t ch%B ho,n to,n h~n h4p thu 34c L,IJg CXJ D, \,g :JX= Cng thc phn t cHa hai an0in 2, A* CJ:J D, CL:M 0* CL:M D, CM:N C* CM:N D, CI:f ,* CI:f D, CN:A\ C56 9;7 Cho an09n 8 D,o dung d/ch +rJ d3 th@ th B dung d/ch tong 2>n N,Lg D, c' JM gam +rJ i ph(n ng= T@m cng thc phn t cHa 8= A* CJ:M 0* CL:N C* CM:f ,* CI:A\ C56 9<7 Tc N\g 9tB29n 9m trCng h4p t!o po2im9 DEi hi5u 6u t I\ th@ 0h1i 234ng po2im9 thu 34c 2,: A* N\g 0* I\g C* M\g ,* L\g C56 :&7 "St chaSB J hirocac;on Vng oWng 2i>n ti>Sp thu 3UTc N=Mf gam n3USc , =Nf gam CX J =Cng th3Sc phn t3W cuaW hai hirocac;on A* CJ:M q CL:N 0* C:M qCJ:N C* CJ:N q CL:f ,* C:M q CL:f C56 :"7 "St chaSB hoaVn toaVn mTt hBdrocac;on 8 6aWn phWm thu 3UTc 2Vn 23UTt cho nua ;iVnh 3Tng PJXI DaV CaOX:QJ 2aVm 0hSi 23UTng caSc ;iVnh naVB 2Vn 23UTt tong \= gam DaV A=eN gam= Cng th3Sc phn t3W cuWa 8 A* CM:f 0* CM:A\ C* CM:N ,* CL:f C56 :%7 ahi 1t ch%B ho,n to,n h~n h4p J an0an 2, #ng $ng 0* ti*p thu 34c e,fM 2&t 0h& CX J O0tcQ D, ,\ gam :JX= Cng thc phn t cHa J an0an 2,: A* C:M D, CJ:N= 0* CJ:N D, CL:f= C* CL:f D, CM:A\= ,* CM:A\ D, CI:AJ= C56 :'7 `_n tc tc f,M gam h~n h4p k g#m ;ut-A-9n D, ;ut-J-9n 2i ch-m nua ;@nh ng dung d/ch +r J, 0hi 0*t th{c ph(n ng th B c' m gam ;rom ph(n ng= m c' gi% tr/ 2,: A* AJ gam= 0* JM gam= C* LN gam= ,* Mf gam= C56 :)7 ah1i 234ng 9ti29n thu 34c 0hi un n'ng JL\ gam r34u 9tB2ic DEi : JhXM -m c, hi5u 6u t ph(n ng !t M\ 2,: A* IN gam= 0* fM gam= C* AN gam= ,* LI\ gam= C56 :87 M gam mt an0in k c' th 2,m m t m,u t1i a A\\ m2 dung d/ch +rJ Jb= CTPT k 2, A* CI:f = 0* CJ:J= C* CL:M= ,* CM:N= C56 :97 "1t ch%B ho,n to,n mt an0in k < th 0h& thu 34c : JX D, CXJ c' tmng 0h1i 234ng 2, JL gam= N*u cho 6(n ph^m ch%B i nua dung dich CaOX:QJ d3, 34c M\ gam 0*t tHa= Cng thc phn t cHa k 2, A* CL:M= 0* CJ:J= C* CM:N= ,* CI:f C56 ::7 bt h~n h4p g#m J an0in 0hi 1t ch%B cho ra AL,J gam CXJ D, L,N gam :JX= T&nh 0h1i 234ng ;rom c' th cng D,o h~n h4p tr>n A* AN gam= 0* JM gam= C* LJ gam= ,* M gam= C56 :;7 "1t ch%B A hirocac;on 8 34c JJ,M 2&t 0h& CXJ O0tcQ D, Je gam :JX= Th t&ch XJ O0tcQ O2Q tham gia ph(n ng 2,: A* JM,f= 0* MI,L= C* L,J= ,* IA,J= C56 :<7 Cho L,LN 2&t h~n h4p 9tan D, 9ti29n O0tcQ i ch-m nua nua dung d/ch ;rom d3= hau ph(n ng 0h1i 234ng ;@nh ;rom tong th>m J,f gam= h1 mo2 9tan D, 9ti29n trong h~n h4p 2n 234t 2,: A* \,\I D, \,A= 0* \,A D, \,\I= C* \,AJ D, \,\L= ,* \,\L D, \,AJ= C56 ;&7 `_n L,LN 2&t O0tcQ h~n h4p k g#m J an09n 2, #ng $ng 0* ti*p D,o ;@nh n3Ec ;rom d3, th B 0h1i 234ng ;@nh tong th>m e,e gam= CTPT cHa J an09n 2,: A* CJ:M D, CL:N= 0* CL:N D, CM:f= C* CM:f D, CI:A\= ,* CI:A\ D, CN:AJ=