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Introduction
The following topics are planned to be covered in this talk: 1. Selection of materials for high temperature service
4. Some of the problems due to the weldments during high temperature service
5. Some of the weldability aspects of the newer grades
2
27 These temperatures are based on oxidation/ corrosion by flue gases wherever applicable. In case of plain air as in pent house region, higher metal temperatures can be tolerated.
Weight % Chromium
450
460
470
480
490
Temperature deg. C
10
Weld HAZ of multi layer joints where the metal temperature has reached just above the lower critical temperature (7500C inter critical temperature zone) are the preferred regions for graphitisation. Cold worked bands in base materials are also locations where chain type graphitisation has been observed. Based on a study of various failures of this type and also examination of piping, working in this temperature range, the time temperatures required for such material degradation has been 11 worked out.
Graphitisation level 20% Initiation of graphitisation Graphitisation level 30% Graphitisation level 50%
320
370
420
470
520
570
Temperature deg C
12
13
2 Cr 1Mo
580
18 Cr 8 Ni
704
18 Cr 10 Ni Cb
Modified 9Cr 12%Cr
SA213 TP347 H
SA213 T91, T92 SA335 P91, P92 X20CrMoV12 1
704
650 700 ASME code German Code 14
Gas Flow
15
300
Rupture stress MPa
1.25 Cr 0.5 Mo Si Steel (T11/ P11) 2.25 Cr 1 Mo Steel (T22/ P22) Carbon 0.3 Mo Steel (German Steel 15 Mo3) 304 H Steel (min)
575
625
675
725
Temperature deg C
16
17
Steel Type
Type
E at 20C kN/mm
Carbon Steel
Ferritic Ferritic Austenitic Austenitic
1016
S44400 329 304
13
12.5 13.5 19.5
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24 20 15
150
600 850 700
205
225 205 200
18
304H T22
304H
T22
304H
T22
19
SH Bifurcate Assembly Less than one month service- SCC due to welding stress in HAZ
SS347H Insert 51 x 6 mm SS 347H Bifurcate 51 x 7.5 mm
STBW joint
Weld joint
OD
21
ID
SS347H Insert 51 x 6 mm
22
23
60-80 MPa
-C +W -Mo +Nb
80-100 MPa
120-140 MPa
140-180 MPa
+ Mo
+ Mo +V + Nb
-Mo +W
+V + Nb
+ Mo
12Cr-0.5Mo
+Mo +V +W
- Cu +W + Nb
12CrWCoNiVNb (NF12)
- Mo +W + Cu
+W + Co
12CrWCoVNb SAVE 12
Ref: Cerjak H., Letofsky E., Schuster F., Basic aspects of the weldability of 9-10% Cr Steels for advanced Power Generation, Indian Welding Journal, 1999, pp. 17-24
24
-C
+ Ti
+ Nb
+ Mo
+ Cr + Ni
25Cr-20NiNbN HR3C
SUS310J1HTB
25
W
1.45 1.75 -
Cu
-
0.03 0.012
0.03 0.020
0.04 0.04 -
1.50 2.50 -
2.5 3.5 -
Max
0.10
0.75
2.00
0.040
0.030
13.00
20.00
26
IN617
0.05 0.15
0.50 max
0.45
0.50 max
0.27
0.015 max
0.015 max
Base
20.0 24.0
24.31 1.83 1.02 19.63 1.58 0.75
Bal
27
T22
T23
T91
P91
F91
T92
28
X20
30
Stress MPa
550
650
700
31
120 T 23 100
T 24
T 22 80
60 T 91 40
20
100
80 T91 60 T92 40
SUPER304H
TP 347H 20
0 550
575
600
650
675
700
33
34
Nickel Alloys are having good amount of corrosion resistance and strength at temperatures above 600C
35
37
39
40
Hardness vs. tempering temperature-T/ P91 weld 380 360 345 340 332 322 320 304 300 283 280 As welded Hardness 473 HV10 260 254 240 220 200 500 550 600 650 700 750 Temperature Deg C (2hours)
Hardness HV10
800
850
41
Hardness vs Tempering temperature (T/ P91 HAZ) 380 360 340 336 320 300 280 As Welded Hardness 380 HV 10 260 240 220 200 500 550 600
Hardness HV10
650
700
750
800
42
43
44
Candidate Materials for Advanced Supercritical Plants for various Steam Conditions
Component 31MPa, 565/565/565 C P22, HCM2S (P23), P91, P92, P122
T91, 304H, 347
310NbN (HR3C)
Waterwall Lower Wall Upper Wall For low NOx Boilers + High S Coal
C Steel T11, T12, T22 Clad with alloy containing >20% Cr or chromised
T11, T12, T22 T23 (HCN12) Clad with alloy containing >20% Cr or chromised Clad with alloy containing >20% Cr or chromised Clad with alloy containing >20% Cr or chromised
T92, T23
45
20-25Cr
High Cr-High Ni 32Ni-21Cr-Ti-Al 15Ni-22Cr-Nb-B-N 35Ni-21Cr-Mo-Nb-Ti 25Ni-20Cr-Mo-Nb-Ti 18Ni-23Cr-W-Nb3Cu-N 25Cr-20Ni-Nb-N HR6W CCA617/ Inconel 617 INCO 740 Haynes 230 43Ni-23Cr-6W-Nb-TiB55Ni-22Cr-0.3W-8Mo11Co-Al 50Ni-25Cr-20Co-2Ti-2NbV-Al 57Ni-22Cr-14W-2Mo-La
46
THANK YOU
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