3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

Discussion

UMTS vs. LTE: a comparison overview

Unik4230: Mobile Communications Khai Vuong

May 16, 2011

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

Discussion

Agenda

3GPP Network Architecture UMTS LTE Radio Access Technologies WCDMA OFDMA Discussion

3GPP

Network Architecture

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3GPP Standards (I)

3GPP: 3rd Generation Partnership Project Version Release 98 Release 99 Release 4 Release 5 Release 6 Released 1998 2000 Q1 2001 Q2 2002 Q1 2004 Q4 Info specied pre-3G GSM network specied the rst version of UMTS, incorporating a CDMA air interface aka. Release 2000, added all-IP Core Network introduced IMS and HSDPA integrated operation with Wireless LAN networks and added HSUPA, MBMS, enhancements to IMS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP

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Network Architecture

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3GPP Standards (II)

Version Release 7

Released 2007 Q4

Release 8

2008 Q4

Release 9 Release 10

2009 Q4 2011 Q1

Info decreasing latency, improvements to QoS and real-time applications, HSPA+ , NFC, EDGE Evolution. First LTE release. All-IP Network (SAE), new OFDMA, FDE and MIMO based radio interface. SAES Enhancements, Wimax and LTE/UMTS Interoperability LTE advanced

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP

3GPP

Network Architecture

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3GPP data evolution

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009

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User experience
Type of services Web surng Download 5MB music Download 750MB movie Download HD video Video telephony Corporate VPN, Intranet Mobile TV On-demand TV Video-based mobile advertising ... UMTS 8 seconds 3 minutes 6.5 hours 2-3 days LTE immediately 1 second 2.5 minutes 15 minutes

Table: Data services4

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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009

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Services for telecommunication systems

1. Teleservice: Information that transfered between end users, e.g speech service, messaging, emergency calls. 2. Bearer service: Dierent QoS classes for various type of trac:

Conversasional: voice, video, telephony, video gaming Streaming: multimedia, video on-demand, webcast Interactive: web browsing, network gaming, database access Background: email, SMS, downloading

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UMTS objectives

1. improvement in data performance, multimedia services and access to the Internet 2. new radio interface WCDMA 3. Core Network: connection function

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Core Network for UMTS

MSC:Mobile switching center, switch the CS transactions GMSC: Gateway MSC: a switch that connects the UMTS PLMN to the external CS networks. SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node, similar to MSC/VLR but this is for PS trac. GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node, similar to GMSC but it serves for the PS trac.

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Network Architecture

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LTEs objectives

1. higher data rates in both downlink and uplink transmission 2. reduce packet latency, more responsive user experience 3. at architecture: IP-based, open interfaces, simplied network 4. exible radio planning and high spectral eciency 5. reduce delivery costs for rich communications 6. long-term revenue stability and growth 7. coexistence alongside circuit switched networks

UMTS Forum 2008

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Why LTE?6

GSM

EDGE

WCDMA

HSPA

LTE

Non-3GPP technologies

Figure: Flexible upgrade path Figure: Reduce pris per MB to remain protable

Nokia Siemens Networks

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UMTS vs. LTE Architecture

Figure: Network architecture, simplied

LTE: simplied IP at architecture

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BSC/RNC disappeared, functions transfer to eNodeB All eNodeB connect directly through X2 interface PS service only, voice over IP.

Image courtesy: UMTS Forum 2008

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LTEs interfaces: S1 and X2

X2: connects eNodeB MME (Mobility

Management Entity): distribution of paging message to eNodeB header compression, encryption of user data stream, termimating and switching of U-plane

UPE (User Plan Entity): IP

S1: self-optimizing network

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Image courtesy: developer.att.com

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Wideband CDMA

Figure: Access technique for UMTS

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009

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CDMA: Principles

each user is assigned a spreading code for encoding its data Receiver knows the code of user, it can decode the received

signal, recover the original data

Bandwidth of coded data signal much larger than original

data signal due to the encoding process spreads the spectrum of the origianl signal, based on spread-spectrum modulation

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Discussion

WCDMA in UMTS [4]

Direct Sequence CDMA system, with chip-rate 3.84 Mc/s Combined with FDMA: every carrier is allocated 5 MHz

frequency band so that many operators can provide services without interference each other.

Codes: scrambling and channelization

Channelization: seperates trac to and from dierent users, called Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) which varies from 1 to 128

Scrambling codes: not increase bandwidth, but is used for distinguishing terminals in uplink and sectors (cells) in downlink

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LTEs downlink: OFDMA

OFDM: Multiple access scheme, allows simultaneous connections to/from multiple mobile terminals Users share dierent subcarriers, either consecutive or distributed manner.

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LTEs uplink: Single Carrier-FDMA

SC-FDMA: hybrid modulation scheme that combines the low PAPR techniques of single-carrier transmission systems, such as GSM and CDMA, with the multi-path resistance and exible frequency allocation of OFDMA Data symbols in the time domain are converted to the frequency domain using a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) Cyclic Prex (CP) is added, a serial sequence of symbols is modulated and transmitted instead of parallel OFDM-scheme On receivers side, an extra N-point IDFT is applied to reconstruct the original symbols.

Figure: Structure for UL and DL in LTE [5]

An advantage of SC-FDMA compares to OFDMA is low Peak to Power Average Ratio (PAPR), that helps increasing battery life.

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References
Ville Eerola, LTE Network Architecture Evolution, Lecture note in T-109.5410 Technology Management in the Telecommunications Industry, Helsinski University of Technology, 2010. UMTS Forum, Toward Global Mobile Broadband, retreived May 16, 2011from www.umts-forum.org/component/option,com.../Itemid,12/ M. Neruda and R. Bestak, Evolution of 3GPP Core Network, IWSSIP 2008. Lecture notes in UniK 4230, UiO, Lecture9-10.pdf OFDM(A) for wireless communications, Telenor R&I R 7/2008

3GPP

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A brief comparision

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Requirements Spectral Eciency Peak Data Rate Sector Capacity No. of Tranceivers/Cell RTT User Plane Call setup time Mobility Bandwidth

UMTS 0.2bit/s/Hz 2 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s 30 50 ms 2s 250 km/h 5 MHz

LTE 1.57bit/s/Hz 170 Mbit/s 31.4 Mbit/s 1 5 ms 50 ms 350 km/h scalable up to 20 MHz

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UMTS/HSPA to LTE Migration, Motorola Inc. 2009

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Discussion

Point to discuss, focus on this topic, futher questions?