SOLUTE & WATER TRANSPORT

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Explain transcellular transport Explain osmosis Explain osmolarity and tonicity Explain how effective solutes regulate fluid compartments

TRANSCELLULAR TRANSPORT
lumen 2 K+ Na+ glucose glucose
ATP

blood

3 Na+

CONCENTRATION OF WATER
Add solute Na+ Na+ Na+

Na+

High [water]

Low [water]

OSMOSIS
Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Equal size compartments when membrane is permeable to solute Na+ Na+ Na+

Na+ Na+

Na+ Na+ Na+ Osmosis causes change in compartment size when membrane is impermeable to solute Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+

OSMOSIS IS MOVEMENT OF WATER

Occurs by diffusion ONLY! Uses aquaporin channels = facilitated diffusion Has highest concentration when pure water

IMPORTANT TERMS
Molarity = # mole/vol (where 1 mole = 6 x 1023 molecules). Osmolarity = (# molecule/vol) x (# particles/molecule). Osmolality = (# molecule/Kg water) x (# particles/molecule). In body, osmolarity ~ osmolality = 300 mOsM. Consider ALL molecules to calculate osmolarity!

TONICITY & CELL VOLUME

< 300 mOsM

300 mOsM

>300 mOsM

Always comparative!
Tonicity = # non-penetrating molec/volume

CHANGES IN BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS

Condition IV isotonic saline (NaCl) Diarrhea (isotonic loss) Excessive NaCl intake Excessive sweating (hypotonic loss) Total Body Water increase decrease ECF volume ICF volume Effect on ECF osmolarity = =

= decrease

increase increase

GENERAL CONCEPTS
Transcellular movement is by secondary active transport. The two fluid compartments of the body, ICF and ECF, are in osmotic balance. Water moves by simple diffusion in a process called osmosis. Cellular volume is critically dependent on the steady state movement of solutes and water across the plasma membrane in exchange with the ECF. Cells swell in hypotonic conditions and shrink in hyper-tonic conditions.

QUESTIONS?
1. Solution X. Solution Y. Urea 100mM 100mM NaCl 50mM 100mM Glucose 20mM 50mM A. What is the tonicity of X relative to a cell of 300mOsM? B. Which solution has the most water? 2. If a cell is 100mOsM, then it will swell in which of the following solutions? A. 100 mOsM B. 50 mOsM C. 200 mOsM 3. Jane drank 1 bowl of isotonic tomato soup. How would the water from the soup distribute between the ICF and ECF compartments? A. All remains in the ECF B. 2/3 in ECF and 1/3 in ICF C. 1/3 in ECF and 2/3 in ICF D. 1/2 in ECF and 1/2 in ICF