GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !

"#$

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Product Name G3BSC Product Version

Confidentiality Level INTERNAL Total 3 !a"es

GS# BSS Net$or% &PI 'TC( Con"estion Rate) *!timi+ation #anual V,-.
'/or internal use only)

Prepared by

GS#01#TS Performance 3e!artment

Net$or% Researc2

42ao &an"

Date

5..67.87.

Reviewed by Reviewed by Approved by

Date Date Date

(ua$ei Tec2nolo"ies Co-9 LtdAll ri"2ts reserved

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

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Contents
" (e)inition o) t*e TCH Congestion Rate###########################################################################################+ "#" (e)inition###############################################################################################################################+ "#, Re-ommen.e. /ormu a########################################################################################################+ , Impa-ts o) TCH Congestion Rate####################################################################################################0 1 In) uen-ing /a-tors o) TCH Congestion Rate##################################################################################2 1#" Network Capa-it3 an. Tra))i- (istri4ution##########################################################################2 1#, /au ts O--urre. (uring %5uipment Insta ation6 Transmission6 or on Har.ware################2 1#1 Network Inter)eren-e###########################################################################################################"$ 1#7 In-orre-t Parameter Settings###############################################################################################"$ 1#8 Cooperation wit* T*ir.9part3 (e:i-es################################################################################"" 1#+ So)tware !ersion Pro4 em###################################################################################################"" 7 &na 3sis Pro-e.ure an. Optimization Met*o.##############################################################################"" 7#" Network Capa-it3 an. Tra))i- (istri4ution########################################################################", 7#"#" Tra))i- Ba an-ing######################################################################################################", 7#"#, Tra))i- (istri4ution %n:ironment#############################################################################"1 7#, /au t O--urre. (uring %5uipment Insta ation an. On Har.ware#####################################"7 7#,#" /ee.er Insta ation an. /au t####################################################################################"7 7#,#, Boar. )au ts##############################################################################################################"0 7#,#1 Transmission an. C o-k Pro4 em############################################################################"0 7#1 Inter)eren-e Causes#############################################################################################################"0 7#1#" Inter9Network Inter)eren-e#######################################################################################"0 7#1#, Improper /re5uen-3 P anning##################################################################################"; 7#7 KPI Measurement Pro4 ems###############################################################################################"; 7#8 Parameter Settings###############################################################################################################"2 7#8#" C*anne &ssignment Parameters##############################################################################"2 7#8#, Ca Contro Parameters###########################################################################################,$ 7#8#1 Han.o:er Parameters###############################################################################################," 7#8#7 Basi- Ce Parameters##############################################################################################,1 7#+ T*ir.9Part3 (e:i-e Pro4 ems##############################################################################################,7 7#+#" Repeater Pro4 ems###################################################################################################,7 7#+#, Compati4i it3 wit* Non9Huawei %5uipment###########################################################,8 7#+#1 ,G<1G Interopera4i it3#############################################################################################,8 7#0 So)tware !ersion Pro4 em###################################################################################################,0 8 Test Met*o.####################################################################################################################################,; + &ppen.i= C*e-k Items on TCH Congestion Rate#########################################################################,2

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0 T3pi-a Cases##################################################################################################################################,2 0#" Case "> TCH Congestion Cause. 43 Terrain Reasons########################################################,2 0#, Case ,> Hig* TCH Congestion Rate Cause. 43 /au t o) TR? Boar.################################1$ 0#1 Case 1> Stati- TCHH Congestion Cause. 43 Insu))i-ient TCH/s#####################################1$ 0#7 Case 7> In-rease o) TCH Congestion Rate Cause. 43 Improper Ha )9Rate Parameters a)ter @pgra.e )rom BSC C"$ to BSC C"1###############################################################################1" 0#8 Case 8> In-rease o) TCH Congestion Rate Cause. 43 Mo.i)i-ation o) (e)au t !a ue o) Han.o:er T*res*o .##################################################################################################################1, 0#+ Case +> In-rease o) TCH Congestion Rate Cause. 43 Re:erse Conne-tions o) &ntennas 11 0#0 Case 0> Hig* TCH Congestion Rate (ue to No Capa-it3 %=pansion o) Repeaters a)ter BTS Capa-it3 %=pansion )rom O, to O7##################################################################################11 0#; Case ;> Inter)eren-e Cause. 43 Repeaters##########################################################################17 0#2 Case 2> TCP Congestion Cause. 43 %=terna Inter)eren-e################################################18

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Revision Record
Date 5..67.:75; Revision Version V,-. Change Description 3raft com!leted Author 42ao &an"

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

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GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Opti i!ation Man"a#
Ke$ words% TC( Con"estion Rate &'stract% T2is document aims at reducin" t2e con"estion rate and im!rovin" t2e call connection rate <y analy+in" t2e TC( con"estion rate in t2e traffic measurement of t2e e=istin" net$or%&cron$ s and a''reviations &cron$ &''reviation and ("## Spe##ing

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Pre)ace
T2is document descri<es causes and im!acts of t2e TC( con"estion rate and !rovides measures ta%en to reduce t2e con"estion rate and o!timi+e t2e &PI-

* +e)inition o) t,e TCH Congestion Rate

,-, 3efinition
T2e TC( con"estion rate is t2e !ro!ortion of t2e num<er of TC( assi"nment failures to t2e num<er of TC( sei+ure re>uests- If t2e TC( con"estion rate is 2i"29 t2e net$or% service >uality deteriorates- In t2is case9 you can e=!and t2e ca!acity to reduce t2e TC( con"estion rate-

,-5 Recommended /ormula

T2e TC( con"estion rate is o<tained from t2e traffic measurement result- T2e recommended formula is t2e !ro!ortion of /ailed TC( Sei+ures due to Busy TC( to TC( Sei+ure Re>uests- T2e formulas defined for t2e BSC35 and t2e BSC8... are as follo$s? ,3efined for t2e BSC35? TC( Con"estion Rate 'All C2annels Busy) @ /ailed TC( Sei+ures due to Busy TC( A TC( Sei+ure Re>uests = ,..B 53efined for <y BSC8...? TC( Con"estion Rate 'All C2annels Busy) @ CTC( Sei+ure Re>uests 'Si"nalin" C2annel) D TC( Sei+ure Re>uests 'Traffic C2annel) D TC( Sei+ure Re>uests in TC( (andovers 'Traffic C2annel) E F 'all t2e TRGs in t2e cell) Successful C2annel Assi"nments 'TC()H A CTC( Sei+ure Re>uests 'Si"nalin" C2annel) D TC( Sei+ure Re>uests 'Traffic C2annel) D TC( Sei+ure Re>uests in TC( (andovers 'Traffic C2annel)H = ,..BH IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Note? /or t2e BSC8...9 t2e formula of calculatin" t2e con"estion rate on TC( !er BSC is as follo$s? Con"estion Rate on TC( !er BSC 'All C2annels Busy) @ C/ailed TC( Sei+ures due to Busy TC( !er BSC 'Si"nalin" C2annel) D /ailed TC( Sei+ures due to Busy TC( 'Traffic C2annel) !er BSC D /ailed TC( Sei+ures in TC( (andovers due to Busy TC( !er BSC 'Traffic C2annel)H A CTC( Sei+ure Re>uests !er BSC 'Si"nalin" C2annel) D TC( Sei+ure Re>uests !er BSC 'Traffic C2annel) D TC( Sei+ure Re>uests in TC( (andovers !er BSC 'Traffic C2annel)H = ,..B

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

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JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

- I pacts o) TCH Congestion Rate

T2e TC( con"estion rate is measured in t2e assi"nment and 2andover !rocedures- T2e measurement !oints are A9 B9 and C- T2e follo$in" descri<es ne"ative im!acts <rou"2t <y TC( con"estion in t2e !rocedures-

In t2e TC( assi"nment !rocedure9 t2e #S receives t2e Assi"nment Command messa"e from t2e BSC at !oint A- If t2e TC( is con"ested9 t2e value of (ai#ed TCH Sei!"res d"e to B"s$ TCH increases <y one- T2en9 I ediate &ssign ent S"ccess Rate is decreased-

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

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In assi"nment and 2andover !rocedures9 if t2e TC( con"estion leads to t2e TC( assi"nment failure9 <ot2 t2e immediate assi"nment success rate and 2andover success rate decrease- T2erefore9 reducin" t2e TC( con"estion rate o!timi+es t2e t$o countersNote At !oint A9 B9 or C in t2e TC( assi"nment !rocedure9 if no TC( is idle9 (ai#ed TCH Sei!"res d"e to B"s$ TCH increases <y oneAt !oint B or C in t2e TC( assi"nment !rocedure9 if no TC( is idle9 <ot2 (ai#ed Inco ing Interna# Inter.Ce## Handovers (d"e to '"s$ TCH) and (ai#ed Inco ing /0terna# Inter.Ce## Handovers (d"e to '"s$ TCH) increase one-

1 In)#"encing (actors o) TCH Congestion Rate

Accordin" to actual a!!lications and o!timi+ation e=!erience9 influencin" factors of t2e TC( con"estion rate are as follo$s? Net$or% ca!acity and traffic distri<ution /aults occurred durin" e>ui!ment installation9 transmission9 or on t2e 2ard$are Net$or% interference &PI measurement !ro<lems Incorrect !arameter settin"s T2ird7!arty device !ro<lems Soft$are version !ro<lems

3-,

Net$or% Ca!acity and Traffic 3istri<ution

In t2e early !eriod of net$or% de!loyment9 t2e BTS !osition and t2e num<er of TRGs are desi"ned <ased on current #S distri<ution- T2e covera"e ca!a<ility of certain BTSs fails to meet actual re>uirements due to c2an"es of traffic distri<ution- In t2is case9 it is difficult to ma%e a call or t2ere are no si"nals*!erators and vendors must ta%e measures to reduce t2e TC( con"estion rate-

3-5

/aults *ccurred 3urin" E>ui!ment Installation9 Transmission9 or on (ard$are

T2e traffic a<sor!tion is un<alanced in cells of an area <ecause of faults occurred durin" e>ui!ment installation9 transmission or on t2e 2ard$are or cloc%- As a result9 TC(s in

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

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certain cells are overloaded and in some cells are idle- T2erefore9 resources are $astedT2e cells controlled <y t2e BTS $or% a<normally due to t2e follo$in"s causes? /eeders are installed reversely or dama"ed T2e TRG <oard is faultyT2e BTS cloc% is faulty-

T2is increases t2e traffic of t2e nei"2<or cells and causes con"estion-

3-3

Net$or% Interference

Inter7net$or% interference or stron" intra7net$or% interference caused <y ti"2t fre>uency reuse due to limited fre>uency resources affects t2e normal access of t2e #S9 causes TC( assi"nment failure9 and increases t2e TC( con"estion rateT2e follo$in" ty!es of interference may occur? ,- Inter7net$or% interference from scram<lers or !rivately installed antennas 53;Interference from t2e C3#A net$or% of C2ina 1nicom Re!eater interference Intermodulation interference from BTSs Intra7net$or% co7c2annel and adKacent7c2annel interference

3-

Incorrect Parameter Settin"s

Parameter settin"s on t2e BSC and #SC affect t2e 2andover9 load9 c2annel assi"nment9 and cell con"estion- T2e follo$in" !arameters may cause ne"ative affects? ,- TCH Tra))ic B"s$ T,res,o#d(2) is incorrectly set5Tc, Tra))ic B"s$ Over#a$ T,res,o#d and Tc, Tra))ic B"s$ 3nder#a$ T,res,o#d

are incorrectly set3;-

&ssign ent Ce## 4oad 5"dge /na'#e 'BSC8...) is invalid+irected Retr$ 4oad &ccess T,res,o#d is invalidBa#ance Tra))ic &##owed is not set-

8:6L-

4oad HO &##owed is not set4oad HO Step Period is set to a too "reat valueR&CH Min6&ccess 4eve# is set to a too small valueCell reselection !arameters are incorrectly set-

,.- Ce## +irect Tr$ (or'idden T,res,o#d 'BSC8...) is incorrectly set,,- +irect Retr$ is set to No6

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,5- S+CCH +$na ic &d7"st ent is invalid,3- /lo$ control !arameters are invalid, - Speec, 8ersion is incorrectly set-

3-;

Coo!eration $it2 T2ird7!arty 3evices

Some !ro<lems 'for e=am!le9 t2e 2andover or access is a<normal) may arise if t2ird7 !arty devices are introduced suc2 as9 t2e ado!tion of re!eaters or se"mental net$or%in" or in t2e <order areas of t2e local net$or%- T2ese !ro<lems cause a<normal &PIs 'for e=am!le9 2andover success rate) and TC( con"estion-

3-8

Soft$are Version Pro<lem

M2en t2e BSC is u!"raded or a ne$ version is used in t2e e=istin" net$or%9 t2e soft$are of earlier versions may <e incom!ati<le $it2 t2e ne$ !latform 'for e=am!le9 BSC8...) or soft$are <u"s may increase t2e TC( con"estion rate- T2erefore9 $e s2ould locate and rectify t2e fault caused <y soft$are !ro<lems <y ta%in" !ro!er measures-

9 &na#$sis Proced"re and Opti i!ation Met,od

Because reducin" t2e TC( con"estion rate involves a relatively lar"e sco!e9 $e can ado!t t2e !rinci!le of first solvin" easy !ro<lems and t2en difficult !ro<lems- T2at is9 c2ec% t2e 2ard$are and soft$are to determine $2et2er t2e !ro<lem is common or s!ecific- T2e !rocess is as follo$s?

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T*e TCH -ongestion rate in-reases#

No
C*e-k w*et*er t*ere are *ar.ware or transmission )au t a arms#

Aes

So :e *ar.ware pro4 ems an. - ear a arms#

&na 3ze re ate. tra))imeasurement -ounters#

Aes

'o-ate inter)eren-e -auses#

No
C*e-k w*et*er t*e tra))i- :o ume e=-ee.s t*e .esigne. -apa-it3#

C*e-k t*e .istri4ution o) inter)eren-e 4an.s#

Aes %=pan. t*e -apa-it3#

Aes Coor.inate wit* t*e t*ir. part3#

C*e-k settings o) 4asi- -e parameters#

No No
C*e-k w*et*er pro4 ems o--ur on t*ir.9part3 e5uipment#

C*e-k settings o) *an.o:er parameters# C*e-k settings o) -e parameters# oa.

No

C*e-k w*et*er parameters are -orre-t 3 set#

No Aes

C*e-k settings o) -*anne assignment parameters# C*e-k settings o) )un-tion parameters#

C*e-k w*et*er t*ere are so)tware :ersion pro4 ems#

No

Tra-e &4is9inter)a-e or &9inter)a-e signa ing to o-ate -auses o) TCH assignment )ai ure an. *an.o:er )ai ure#

C*e-k w*et*er pro4 ems are so :e.#

Aes

%n.

-, 3istri<ution -,-, Traffic Balancin"

(a"#t +escription and Ca"se &na#$sis ,- Common Cell

Net$or% Ca!acity and Traffic

Radio traffic volume de!ends on t2e num<er of BTSs and cells in t2e net$or%9 t2e

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num<er of radio c2annels confi"ured in eac2 cell9 and t2e covera"e of eac2 cellCurrently9 c2annels are restricted <y desi"ned net$or% ca!acity- T2is is <ecause t2e radio c2annel confi"uration and t2e covera"e is fi=ed as t2e num<er of BTSs and cells is determined in t2e early !eriod of t2e net$or%9 2o$ever9 t2e deviation may e=ist <et$een t2e actual net$or% ca!acity and t2e re>uired ca!acity- T2e TC( con"estion occurs in t2e cells t2at re>uire "reater ca!acity- Mit2 city construction and economic develo!ment9 c2an"es of user density determined durin" t2e net$or% construction cause TC( con"estion5- Concentric Cell Concentric cells are introduced to solve traffic !ro<lems in t2e overlaid su<cell and solve covera"e !ro<lems in t2e underlaid su<cell- (o$ever9 in actual a!!lications9 un<alanced traffic distri<ution causes traffic im<alance in overlaid and underlaid su<cells- T2erefore9 t2e TC( con"estion rate in t2e overlaid su<cell is different from t2at in t2e underlaid su<cell <ecause of t2e difference of t2e desi"n and actual a!!licationSo#"tion T2ere are t$o $ays to solve t2ese !ro<lems- T2e first met2od is to solve !ro<lems t2orou"2ly- T2at is9 conduct t2e detailed net$or% evaluation9 determine t2e cells $2ere t2e TC( con"estion occurs9 and $or% out a detailed net$or% ca!acity e=!ansion solution <ased on t2e con"estion severity- (o$ever9 $it2 city construction and furt2er economic develo!ment9 t2e ca!acity e=!ansion is re>uired as t2e TC( con"estion reoccurs- In fact9 o!erators continually o!timi+e net$or%s $it2 t2e increase of su<scri<ers- T2e second met2od is to o!timi+e net$or%s- T2ere are relatively idle cells in t2e net$or%- Nou can decrease t2e TC( con"estion rate <y adKustin" TRG confi"uration of t2e idle and <usy cells- In addition9 you can ena<le t2e directed retry9 load 2andover9 and cell traffic <alancin" functions- /or o!erators9 eac2 TRG means ne$ investment- AdKustin" TRG confi"uration in a net$or% ma%es full use of net$or% ca!acity and o!timi+es t2e net$or%(o$ever9 t2e second met2od 2as certain limitations- If t2e actual used ca!acity is close to t2e confi"ured ca!acity in terms of t2e total amount and ca!acity distri<ution9 you must e=!and t2e net$or% ca!acity-

-,-5 Traffic 3istri<ution Environment

In actual a!!lications9 it is difficult for t2e #S t2at is located on t2e ed"e of t2e area covered <y t2e BTS to ma%e a call due to $ea% level on t2e ed"e- T2is results in TC( sei+ure failure and increases t2e TC( con"estion rate- 'Nou may as%? 3oes t2is case result in t2e increase of t2e TC( con"estion rateO) Actually9 fe$er TC(s are sei+ed in t2is BTS9 as s2o$n in t2e follo$in" fi"ure-

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T2e follo$in" ta<le lists t2e TC( sei+ure counters in t2e traffic measurement resultBSC 4eve# BSC #easurement 7P Access measurement !er BSC 7P TC( Availa<ility !er BSC Confi"ured TC(s !er BSC Availa<le TC(s !er BSC Ce## 4eve# &PI #easurement 7P TC( Availa<ility Availa<le TC(s Confi"ured TC(s TC( Con"estion Rate TC( Traffic Volume TRG #easurement 7P Num<er of confi"ured TRGs in a cell Num<er of availa<le TRGs in a cell

So#"tion AdKust t2e a+imut2 an"le or tilt of t2e antenna and set t2e static transmit !o$er of t2e BTS to t2e ma=imum value- T2at is9 increase t2e si"nal stren"t2 in t2is area- In addition9 to decrease t2e TC( con"estion rate9 you can lo$er R&CH B"s$ T,res,o#d to ena<le t2e #S to sei+e t2e TC( successfully- If t2ese met2ods do not ta%e effect9 de!loy ne$ BTSs near t2e user "rou!Case ,

-5 E>ui!ment Installation and *n (ard$are -5-, /eeder Installation and /ault

/ault *ccurred 3urin"

T2e TC( sei+ure failure may occur durin" t2e installation and confi"uration of feeders of t2e BTS due to t2e follo$in" causes',) C31ASC1 confi"uration /or e=am!le9 t2e C31DSC1 com<ination confi"uration is ado!ted in t2e cell $it2 four TRGs- T2e TRG carryin" t2e BCC( sends si"nals to t2e antennas t2rou"2 t2e C319 and ot2er TRGs com<ine out!ut of si"nals t2rou"2 t2e SC1 and send t2e si"nals t2rou"2 t2e C31- In t2is case9 t2e com<ination loss of BCC( "reatly differs from t2at of non7BCC(T2erefore9 t2e transmit !o$er of BCC( is smaller t2an t2at of non7BCC(- If t2e BSC

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assi"ns TC(s of t2e TRG $2ere non7BCC( resides 'es!ecially far a$ay from t2e BTS) $2en t2e #S ma%es a call9 t2e TC( may fail to <e si+ed <ecause of lo$ transmit !o$er of t2e TRGT2ere are t$o met2ods to solve t2is !ro<lem- *ne is to !ut t2e TRG carryin" t2e BCC( on t2e c2annel !assin" t2e SC1- In t2is case9 t2e TRG 2as smaller transmit !o$er and TC(s of t2e TRG $2ere non7BCC( resides can <e successfully assi"ned- T2e ot2er is to modify t2e confi"uration- T2at is9 t2e dual C31 confi"uration instead of t2e C31DSC1 com<ination is ado!ted- T2is ensures t2e same !o$er consum!tion of c2annels $2ere TRGs reside and avoids t2e TC( sei+ure failure due to different transmit !o$er of TRGsT2e second met2od is su!erior to t2e first one in terms of t2e !erformance <ecause t2e loss of C31 is smaller t2an t2at of t2e SC1- T2is indicates t2at t2e second met2od features relatively !ro!er covera"e distance- (o$ever9 t2e confi"uration cost is 2i"2er'5) Im!ro!er feeder installation Reverse connections of antennas9 transmit antennas9 and receive antennas cause serious si"nal im<alance on u!lin% and do$nlin% c2annels- T2at is9 t2e #S to $2ic2 t2e transmit antenna !oints is <ac% of t2e receive antenna- If t2e #S receives t2e TC( assi"nment command from t2e BSC durin" t2e call9 t2e TC( fails to <e assi"ned and t2e TC( con"estion occurs due to !oor level and >uality of u!lin% si"nals of t2e #S caused <y small "ain of t2e receive antennaTo solve t2is !ro<lem9 ma%e drive tests or use a si"nalin" analy+er to analy+e t2e level and >uality of u!lin% and do$nlin% si"nals to c2ec% $2et2er si"nal im<alance e=ists- If yes9 ta%es !ro!er measures to solve t2is !ro<lemIf t2e a+imut2 and tilt of t2e main antenna are inconsistent $it2 t2ose of t2e diversity antenna or t2e diversity or s!acin" is small $2en sin"le7!olari+ed antennas are used in a cell9 u!lin% and do$nlin% si"nals are inconsistent and TC(s sei+ure failures tend to occurT2e solution to t2ese !ro<lems is t2e same as t2e !recedin" one- T2ese !ro<lems do not e=ist in cells t2at ado!t dual7!olari+ed antennasCase 8 '3) /eeder fault In t2e follo$in" cases 'suc2 as t2e feeder is dama"ed9 $ater runs into t2e feeder9 or t2e feeder and t2e connector are not securely connected)9 t2e volta"e standin" $ave ratio 'VSMR) increases and <ot2 t2e transmit !o$er and receiver sensitivity of t2e antenna decrease- T2us9 t2e TC( assi"nment may fail9 causin" TC( con"estionTo solve t2ese !ro<lems9 c2ec% $2et2er a VSMR alarm is "enerated on t2e to$er mounted am!lifier 'T#A)9 !o$er am!lifier9 com<iner9 and feeders- A rou"2 and sim!le met2od is to use t2e test #S to test t2e actual transmit si"nals of t2e BTS on t2e foot of t2e BTS- If si"nal stren"t2 ran"es from E3. dBm to E;. dBm9 it indicates si"nals are too $ea% and t2ere may <e !ro<lemsIf t2e antenna system 2as !ro<lems9 t2e TC( call dro! rate and 2andover failure rate are 2i"2- In addition9 t2e difference <et$een t2e u!lin% >uality and t2e do$nlin% >uality is "reat9 or <ot2 t2e u!lin% >uality and t2e do$nlin% >uality are !oor- Nou can c2ec% $2et2er t2e antenna system is faulty <y vie$in" t2e traffic measurement results- T2e follo$in"

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ta<le lists t2e traffic measurement counters related to t2e antenna systemCe## 4eve# Call #easurement 7P &PI #easurement 7P Radio (andover Success Rate Call #easurement 7P *ut"oin" Internal Inter7Cell (andover #easurement !er Cell 7P *ut"oin" E=ternal Inter7Cell (andover Re>uests '1!lin% Stren"t2) 7P *ut"oin" E=ternal Inter7Cell (andover Re>uests '3o$nlin% Stren"t2) TR: 4eve# #R #easurement 7P #easurement of Receive Quality #R #easurement 7P 1!lin%A3o$nlin% Balance Performance #easurement

If !ro<lems !ersist9 verify t2at remote BTSs are o!erational and conduct dialin" tests <y !erformin" t2e follo$in" ste!s? ,- Perform local maintenance- C2ec% $2et2er alarms are "enerated- If yes9 clear t2ese alarms immediately5- C2ec% $2et2er t2e u!lin% or do$nlin% antenna tri<utary 2as 2ard$are !ro<lems9 for e=am!le9 t2e connector is loose9 antennas are reversely connected9 semi7ri"id ca<les are connected incorrectly9 or ca<les are loosely connected to t2e <ac%!lane3- 1se t2e test #S to conduct dialin" tests on t2e same location Conduct dialin" tests on eac2 c2annel of eac2 TRG to c2ec% $2et2er certain timeslots or <oards cannot <e assi"ned C2ec% $2et2er t2e do$nlin% receive level of eac2 TRG is similar- /or t2e TRG $it2 a<normal level9 re!lace t2e <oard and u!lin% or do$nlin% antenna system to identify t2e cause Note t2at if t2e cell ado!ts fre>uency 2o!!in" '/P)9 c2an"e t2e /( mode of t2e cell to Non7/( <y usin" !arameters of t2e command line to facilitate dialin" tests- Conduct drivin" tests <y usin" t2e net$or% o!timi+ation soft$are ANT7PL*T- T2en9 c2ec% $2et2er t2ere are a<normal 2andover relations2i!s and do$nlin% interference and find $ays to reduce t2e con"estion rate;- 1se a s!ectrum analy+er to furt2er locate t2e interference source8- C2ec% $2et2er t2e area covered <y t2e BTS features com!le= terrain-

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

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-5-5 Board faults

/aults occurred on t2e TRG <oard are t2e most ty!ical ones- T2ere is o<vious difference <et$een t2e TC( sei+ure failure caused <y t2e <oard fault and t2at caused <y t2e feeder installation or fault- T2e former fault causes !oor c2annel availa<ility and t2e latter does not affect t2e c2annel availa<ilityT2e !ro<lem is easy to solve- 1se a si"nalin" analy+er to trace messa"e over t2e A<is interface in t2e cell $it2 2i"2er TC( con"estion rate- T2en9 use t2e filter of t2e si"nalin" analy+er to list t2e Assi"nment /ailure messa"e- In t2is messa"e9 t2e cause value is t2e e>ui!ment failure- 1se t2e call trace function to list t2e entire messa"e !rocedure- /ind t2e Assi"nment Command messa"e- T2en9 o!en t2e messa"e and o<tain t2e TRG num<er of t2e faulty TRG <oard or #AI* 'of t2e /( c2annel)- T2erefore9 t2e fault is concerned $it2 t2e TRG- Nou can re!lace t2e TRG or un<loc% t2e TRG tem!orarilyCase 5

-5-3 Transmission and Cloc% Pro<lem

Generally9 t2e u!!er7level cloc% is loc%ed <y t2e BTS- (o$ever9 due to o<Kective reasons or malo!erations9 transmission !ro<lems suc2 as PC# out7of7sync2roni+ation of t2e A interface9 intermittent LAP3 lin%s9 free oscillation and cloc% !ro<lems may occur- At t2is time9 t2e TC( fails to <e sei+ed <y t2e #S9 causin" 2i"2er TC( con"estion rateTo solve t2is !ro<lem9 c2ec% t2e alarm information and t2e status of t2e BTS cloc% dis!layed on t2e L#T and determine $2et2er t2e transmission or t2e cloc% is faultyT2en9 correctly set t2e status of t2e cloc% or contact related de!artment to rectify t2e transmission fault-

-3 -3-, Inter7Net$or% Interference

Interference Causes

In t2e on7site de!loyment9 invalid inter7net$or% fre>uencies "enerate interference on our net$or%- T2e interference affects t2e TC( sei+ure success rate9 call dro! rate9 and 2andover success rate- If t2e BSC assi"ns a TC( affected <y interference for a call9 t2e assi"nment may fail and t2e TC( con"estion occurs/or inter7net$or% interference9 t2e traffic measurement s2o$s t2at t2e TC( con"estion rate is 2i"2er in interference <ands four and five- T2e u!lin% interference is only for reference- Eliminatin" t2e interference re>uires t2e coordination $it2 t2e local "overnment- 3isa<le t2e affected fre>uencies- 1se t2e s!ectrum analy+er and 2i"27"ain directional antenna to locate t2e interference source- T2en disa<le t2e interference source- T2e inter7net$or% interference is difficult to analy+e- It is not descri<ed in detail 2ereCase L

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

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-3-5 Im!ro!er /re>uency Plannin"

In actual net$or%s9 fre>uency resources are limited- T2erefore9 fre>uencies must <e reused to meet re>uirements of t2e net$or% ca!acity- /rom t2is !oint of vie$9 net$or% ca!acity is al$ays incom!ati<le $it2 net$or% !erformance- If t2e fre>uencies are im!ro!erly !lanned9 t2e re>uirement for t2e carrier7to7interference ratios 'CIRs) fails to meet and co7c2annel interference or adKacent7c2annel interference is "enerated- T2e co7 c2annel interference or adKacent7c2annel interference !roduces t2e same effect as t2e inter7net$or% interference- T2at is9 t2e TC( assi"nment may fail and t2e TC( con"estion occursIt is easier to analy+e and eliminate t2e interference caused <y im!ro!erly !lanned fre>uencies- 1!lin% and do$nlin% fre>uencies are !aired- T2erefore9 $e can c2ec% t2e information a<out interference <ands in t2e traffic measurement results- /irst9 find out t2e cells $it2 2i"2 mean num<er of S3CC(s in interference <ands four and five- T2en9 c2ec% t2e fre>uency !lannin" and t2e to!olo"y of t2e BTS- /ind intra7fre>uency or inter7 fre>uency nei"2<or cells in o!!osite directions9 readKust t2e fre>uency !lannin"9 and eliminate t2e interference- In addition9 if t2e antenna is installed reversely t2ou"2 t2e fre>uency !lannin" is !ro!erly formulated9 interference is also "enerated- In t2is case9 you cannot solve t2is !ro<lem <y referrin" to t2e fre>uency !lannin" and net$or% to!olo"y- T2erefore9 !erform a lar"e >uantity of drive tests in t2e cells $it2 2i"2 mean num<er of S3CC(s in interference <ands four and five- C2ec% t2e actual distri<ution of si"nals to determine $2et2er t2e interference e=ists- T2en9 modify t2e antenna !lannin" or fre>uency !lannin"-

&PI #easurement Pro<lems

T2ere are differences <et$een traffic measurement counters <ecause eac2 vendor calculates t2ese counters <y usin" self7defined counters- It is difficult to find traffic measurement !ro<lems causin" 2i"2 TC( con"estion rate- /or t2e BSC of earlier versions9 t2e TC( sei+ure failure inde= 'numerator of t2e formula for calculatin" t2e TC( con"estion rate) increases <y one if t2e Assi"nment Com!lete messa"e 'rat2er t2an t2e Assi"nment /ailure messa"e) is not received after t2e BSC delivers t2e Assi"nment Command messa"e- T2en9 a statistical error is "enerated9 and t2e calculated TC( con"estion rate is 2i"2er t2an t2e actual rateT2is !ro<lem is com!le= <ecause a net$or% involves multi!le cells and TC( con"estion occurs in many cells due to various causes? suc2 as 2i"2 traffic or radio lin% failure 'due to t2e !recedin" causes)9 includin" statistical errors- T2e ty!ical situation is t2at t2e call is released once t2e #S initiates t2e call- T2e cause may <e t2at after re!ortin" t2e 3isconnect messa"e9 t2e #S receives t2e Assi"nment Command messa"e from t2e BSC9 and t2en re!orts t2e Status messa"e carryin" t2e cause value indicatin" messa"e ty!e mismatc2- After receivin" t2e Status messa"e9 t2e #SC releases t2is callT2erefore9 neit2er t2e Assi"nment Com!lete messa"e nor t2e Assi"nment /ailure messa"e e=ists in t2e messa"e !rocedure- /or t2e BSC of earlier versions9 t2e TC(

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

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sei+ure failure counter increases <y one- T2ere are many cases in a lar"e GS# net$or%T2erefore9 t2e calculated TC( con"estion rate is 2i"2er t2an t2e actual rate- Currently9 t2e met2od of measurin" t2e TC( sei+ure failure is c2an"ed- T2e counter increases <y one $2en t2e Assi"nment /ailure messa"e is received/or t2e formula definition and recommended formula9 refer to t2e GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Call Drop Rate) Baseline-

-; Parameter Settin"s
Parameter settin"s may lead to t2e TC( con"estion due to various causes- Generally9 t2e !arameter settin"s may affect t2e TC( con"estion rate in all t2e cells in t2e entire net$or% or certain cells- In t2e case of t2e former situation9 c2ec% $2et2er im!ortant !arameters and t2en less im!ortant !arameters are correctly set <ecause of multi!le cells involvin" t2e TC( con"estion and "reat on7site !ressure-

-;-, C2annel Assi"nment Parameters

CTC( Traffic Busy T2res2old'B)H /or (ua$ei c2annel assi"nment al"orit2m II9 $2en t2e TC( assi"nment rate reac2es or e=ceeds t2e t2res2old9 t2e BSC assi"ns TC((s for t2e dual7rate call- *t2er$ise9 TC(/s are assi"ned- *<viously9 t2is !arameter determines $2et2er TC((s or TC(/s are assi"ned- T2erefore9 if t2e TC( con"estion rate is 2i"2er9 set t2e !arameter to a small value to assi"n TC((s- T2is increases t2e c2annels usa"e ratio- (o$ever9 t2e s!eec2 >uality de"rades9 for e=am!le9 #*S tests may <e affectedCTc2 Traffic Busy *verlay '1nderlay) T2res2oldH T2e BSC assi"ns c2annels in t2e overlaid su<cell to t2e #S in a concentric cell- If t2e c2annel sei+ure ratio of t2e overlaid su<cell is "reater t2an t2e value of t2is !arameter9 TC((s are assi"ned- *t2er$ise9 TC(/s are assi"ned- T2e im!acts of t2is !arameter are t2e same as t2ose <rou"2t <y TCH Tra))ic B"s$ T,res,o#d(2)9 t2at is9 c2annels are utili+ed fully9 <ut t2e s!eec2 >uality de"radesC/i= A<is Prior C2oose A<is Load T2res2old'B)H T2is !arameter s!ecifies t2e static A<is resource load t2res2old- M2en t2e static A<is resource load is lo$er t2an t2e value of (i0 &'is Prior C,oose &'is 4oad T,red(2) 9 t2e TC(/ is !referentially assi"ned- *t2er$ise9 t2e TC(/ or TC(( is !referred accordin" to t2e dynamic A<is resource loadC/le= A<is Prior C2oose A<is Load T2res2old'B)H M2en t2e static A<is resource load is 2i"2er t2an t2e value of (i0 &'is Prior C,oose &'is 4oad T,res,o#d(2) and t2e dynamic A<is resource load is 2i"2er t2an t2e value of (#e0 &'is Prior C,oose &'is 4oad T,res,o#d(2)9 t2e TC(( is !referred- *t2er$ise9 t2e TC(/ is !referred-

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

INT%RN&'

CBalance Traffic Allo$edH If t2is !arameter is set to ;/S9 t2e start of t2e c2annel traverse is selected randomly- If t2is !arameter is set to NO9 t2e ne=t c2annel of t2e assi"ned c2annel is selected as t2e start of t2e c2annel traverseGenerally9 t2is !arameter is set to ;/S to ensure t2at t2e start !oint of t2e c2annel traversal is selected randomly and ensure t2e c2annel load s2arin"Case 3

-;-5 Call Control Parameters

CAssi"nment Cell Load Rud"e Ena<le 'BSC8...)H M2en &ssign ent Ce## 4oad 5"dge /na'#ed is set to ;es9 t2e directed try !rocedure is started if t2e follo$in" t$o conditions are met? T2e cell su!!orts directed try- T2e load of t2e cell is "reater t2an or e>ual to t2e value of Ce## +irect Tr$ (or'idden T,res,o#dC3irected Retry Load Access T2res2old 'BSC8...)H T2is !arameter is used to adKust candidate tar"et cells for directed retry3urin" directed retry9 only t2e cells $2ose loads are smaller t2an or e>ual to t2e value of +irected Retr$ 4oad &ccess T,res,o#d are selected as candidate tar"et cellsIf t2e !arameter value is too 2i"29 t2e cells $it2 2eavy loads are selected as candidate tar"et cells so t2at t2e 2andover does not ma%e sense- If t2e value of t2e !arameter is too lo$9 it is difficult to select candidate tar"et cellsCTC( Immediate Assi"nmentH If t2e !arameter is set to ;es9 t2e BSC assi"ns TC(s immediately if no S3CC(s are availa<le durin" t2e !rocessin" of access re>uest- If t2e !arameter is set to No9 t2e BSC can only assi"n S3CC(s- T2is !arameter is used to relieve con"estion and increase t2e c2annel assi"nment success rateCLoad (* Allo$edH T2is !arameter s!ecifies $2et2er a traffic load7s2arin" 2andover is ena<ledLoad s2arin" 2el!s to reduce cell con"estion9 increase success rate of c2annel assi"nment and <alance t2e traffic load amon" cells9 t2us im!rovin" net$or% !erformance- T2e load 2andover functions <et$een t2e TC(s $it2in one BSC or t2e TC(s in t2e cells of t2e same layerT2e load 2andover is used as an emer"ency measure instead of a !rimary measure to adKust a<normal traffic !ea% in certain areas- If load 2andovers occur fre>uently in a local net$or%9 you must adKust t2e TRG confi"uration of t2e BTS and t2e net$or% layoutCLoad (* Ste! Period and Load (* Ste! LevelH M2en t2e load of t2e cell is e>ual to or "reater t2an t2e value of 4oad HO T,res,o#d9 all

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

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t2e calls served <y t2e cell may send 2andover re>uests simultaneously9 and t2e load on t2e CP1 increases ra!idly as a conse>uence- In some cases9 call dro!s may occur due to traffic con"estion in t2e cell- T2erefore9 t2e BSC ado!ts t2e 2ierarc2ical load 2andover al"orit2m to control t2e num<er of calls to <e 2anded over at eac2 levelT2is !arameter s!ecifies t2e !eriod re>uired for !erformin" t2e load 2andover at a levelIn t2e 2ierarc2ical load 2andover9 t2e load 2andover stri! increases <y one 4oad HO Step 4eve# for every 4oad HO Step Period9 startin" from t2e value of /dge HO +4 R:<4/8 T,res,o#d- T2e 2andovers are !erformed as suc2 until all t2e calls $2ose receive levels are $it2in t2e ran"e of 'Ed"e (* 3L RGJLEV T2res2old9 Ed"e (* 3L RGJLEV T2res2old D Load (* <and$idt2) are 2anded off t2e current servin" cellT2e value of 4oad HO Step 4eve# must <e smaller t2an t2at of 4oad HO Bandwidt,.E83 corres!onds to E,,. dBm to E : dBmC3irect Retry and Cell 3irect Try /or<idden T2res2old 'BSC8...)H If &ssign ent Ce## 4oad 5"dge /na'#e is set to ;es9 t2e directed try !rocedure is started to assi"n c2annels for t2e #S if t2e follo$in" t$o conditions are met? T2e cell su!!orts t2e directed try !rocedure- T2e load of t2e cell is "reater t2an or e>ual to t2e value of Ce## +irect Tr$ (or'idden T,res,o#d - T2is !arameter decreases TC( accesses of t2e source cell and reduces TC( con"estion t2rou"2 increases t2e call dro! rateCA#R TC(A( Prior Allo$edH T2is !arameter s!ecifies $2et2er TC((s are !referentially assi"ned on t2e <asis of t2e c2annel ty!e and current service c2annel sei+ure ratio t2at are allo$ed <y t2e #SC3urin" TC( assi"nment9 TC(/s or TC((s are re>uired and TC((s are !referentially in t2e follo$in" conditions? TC((s and TC(/s are allo$ed to <e assi"ned <y t2e #SC9 &MR TCH=H Prior &##owed is set to ;es9 and t2e !ercenta"e of sei+ed TC(s in t2e cell is "reater t2an t2e value of &MR TCH=H Prior Ce## 4oad T,res,o#d - In ot2er cases9 TC(/s or TC((s are re>uired and TC(/s are !referentially-

-;-3 (andover Parameters

CPBGT (* T2res2oldH M2en t2e 2andover is !erformed <et$een nei"2<or cells9 im!ro!er !arameter settin"s cause out"oin" inter7cell 2andover or incomin" inter7cell 2andover to fail- T2is leads to un<alanced traffic distri<ution and con"estionCParameters related to ed"e 2andoverH M2en t2e receive level dro!s "reatly9 an ed"e 2andover cannot <e !erformed in time in any of t2e follo$in" conditions? T2e !arameter /dge HO 34 R:<4/8 T,res,o#d or /dge HO +4 R:<4/8 T,res,o#d is set to a small valueS t2e !arameter Inter.ce## HO H$steresis is set to a "reat valueS t2e !arameters /dge HO >atc, Ti e and /dge HO

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

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8a#id Ti e are set to "reat values- As a result9 con"estion occurs- To reduce t2e TC( con"estion rate9 you can a!!ro!riately set t2ese !arameters so t2at ed"e 2andovers can <e !erformed in timeCParameters related to BQ 2andoverH M2en t2e si"nal >uality deteriorates9 a BQ 2andover cannot <e !erformed in time in any of t2e follo$in" conditions? T2e !arameters 34 ?"a#it$ 4i it )or / ergenc$ Handover (&MR=&MR(R=&MRHR) and +4 ?"a#it$ 4i it )or / ergenc$ Handover (&MR=&MR(R=&MRHR) are set to "reat valuesS t2e !arameter B? HO Margin is set to a small valueS t2e !arameter Inter.ce## HO H$steresis is set to a "reat value- As a result9 call dro!s occur- To reduce t2e TC( con"estion rate9 you can a!!ro!riately set t2ese !arameters so t2at BQ 2andovers can <e !erformed in timeCParameters related to interference 2andoverH If t2e !arameters R:?3&4* to R:?3&4*- are set to "reat values or if t2e R:4/8O)) !arameter is set to a "reat value9 interference 2andovers cannot <e !erformed in time $2en stron" interference occurs- As a result9 t2e con"estion occurs- To reduce t2e TC( con"estion rate9 you can a!!ro!riately set t2ese !arameters so t2at interference 2andovers can <e !erformed in time to !revent con"estion- If t2e !arameters R:?3&4* to R:?3&4*- are set to small values9 t2e num<er of 2andovers due to ot2er causes increases "reatly9 t2us affectin" t2e 2andover success rateCT3,.3 and T3,.:H T3,.3 and T3,.: are timers for t2e 2andover and assi"nment res!ectively- If eit2er timer is set to a "reat value9 t2e time for $aitin" t2e 2andoverAassi"nment com!lete messa"e is too lon" after t2e 2andoverAassi"nment command is delivered9 causin" con"estionC/5( (* t2A (5/ (* t2H M2en an A#R call occu!ies a TC((9 an intra7cell TC(( to TC(/ 2andover is tri""ered if t2e radio >uality indication 'RQI) remains lo$er t2an t2e confi"ured (5/ (* T2res2old for a !redefined !eriod- T2is !arameter is used $it2 Intrace## (.H HO Stat Ti e (s) and Intrace## (.H HO 4ast Ti e (s)CParameters related to concentric cell 2andoverH A call at t2e ed"e of t2e overlaid su<cell cannot <e 2anded over to t2e underlaid su<cell in any of t2e follo$in" conditions? /or a normal concentric cell9 t2e !arameters R:<4/8 T,res,o#d and R:<4/8 H$steresis are set to "reat valuesS for an en2anced concentric cell9 t2e !arameter Oto3 HO Received 4eve# T,res,o#d is set to a "reat value- As a result9 TC( con"estion occurs- If t2e TC( con"estion rate in t2e overlaid su<cell is 2i"29 you can a!!ro!riately set t2ese !arameters so t2at calls at t2e ed"e of t2e overlaid su<cell can <e 2anded over to t2e underlaid su<cell in timeIf R:<?3&4 )or 3O HO &##owed is set to ;es and R:<?3&4 T,res,o#d is set to a "reat value9 a call in t2e case of interference cannot <e 2anded over from t2e underlaid

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

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su<cell to t2e overlaid su<cell- T2us9 TC( con"estion occurs- If t2e TC( con"estion rate in t2e underlaid su<cell is 2i"29 you can set t2ese !arameters !ro!erly so t2at t2e interfered calls can <e 2anded over to t2e overlaid su<cell in timeCase ;

-;-

Basic Cell Parameters

CRGLEVJACCESSJ#INH T2is !arameter s!ecifies t2e minimum receive level of an #S to access t2e BSS- If t2is !arameter is set to a too small value9 some #Ss $it2 lo$ receive levels may access t2e net$or% and TC( con"estion is li%ely to occur- Nou can set t2is !arameter to a "reat value to reduce t2e TC( con"estion rate- T2e counters suc2 as call setu! success rate and t2e counters related to traffic volume9 2o$ever9 are accordin"ly affectedCSACC( #ulti7/rames and Radio Lin% TimeoutH If t2e traffic volume is very 2eavy 'in cities)9 it is recommended t2at t2e value of S&CCH M"#ti.(ra es ran"es from 5. to 35- In t2e areas $2ere t2e traffic volume is very 2eavy '"enerally covered <y micro cells)9 it is recommended t2at t2is !arameter value ran"es from to ,8- In t2e cells $2ere some areas are not covered or call dro!s occur fre>uently9 t2is !arameter must <e set to a lar"er value so t2at conversations can resume- T2erefore9 if t2e !arameter is im!ro!erly set durin" 2eavy traffic volume9 t2e TC( con"estion is li%ely to occurCRAC( #in Access LevelH T2is !arameter s!ecifies t2e level t2res2old for t2e #S access- If t2is !arameter is set to a too small value9 some #Ss $it2 lo$ si"nal levels may access t2e net$or% and TC( con"estion is li%ely to occur- Nou can set t2is !arameter to a "reat value to reduce t2e TC( con"estion rate- T2e counters suc2 as call setu! success rate and !a"in" success rate9 2o$ever9 are affectedParameters related to cell reselection Im!ro!er settin"s of cell reselection !arameters affect t2e selection of t2e net$or% on $2ic2 t2e #S cam!s durin" cell reselection9 for e=am!le9 im!ro!er !arameter settin"s durin" t2e dual7net$or% covera"e affect net$or% selection and cause TC( con"estionCS3CC( 3ynamic AdKustmentH M2en t2ere is a su<stantial user increase in a cell9 some users may not <e a<le to access t2e net$or% <ecause t2ey cannot o<tain S3CC(s- In t2is case9 you need to convert some TC(s to S3CC(s to ensure t2at all t2e users can access t2e net$or%M2en t2e traffic volume decreases9 t2e TC(s used as S3CC(s are converted <ac% to TC(s- T2e dynamic conversion of S3CC(s can increase t2e system ca!acity and lo$er t2e re>uirement for t2e accurate num<er of re>uired si"nalin" c2annels-

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

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C/lo$ ControlH T2ere are multi!le flo$ control !arameters- To relieve TC( con"estion9 t2e system starts t2e flo$ control- (o$ever9 t2is affects TC( access and cause messa"e lossCS!eec2 VersionH T2is !arameter can <e set to one of t2e follo$in" values? 2alf7rate version 39 2alf7rate version 59 2alf7rate version ,9 full7rate version 39 full7rate version 59 and full7rate version ,If t2is !arameter does not su!!ort 2alf7rate versions9 t2e BSC assi"ns TC(/s instead of TC((s- As a result9 TC( con"estion occurs-

-8

T2ird7Party 3evice Pro<lems

-8-, Re!eater Pro<lems

Currently9 re!eaters '/( re!eaters or o!tical re!eaters) are ado!ted to solve t2e !ro<lem of insufficient indoor covera"e- It is difficult for /( re!eaters to o<tain si"nal resourcesT2e im!lementation !rinci!le of t2e /( re!eaters is t2at t2e /( re!eater am!lifies si"nals received <y t2e main antenna of t2e o!tical re!eater and transmits t2ese am!lified si"nals to t2e areas $it2 !oor covera"e- In ot2er $ords9 t2e covera"e of t2e cell is e=!anded- T2erefore9 t2e traffic volume increases- If t2e traffic volume e=ceeds t2e system ca!acity9 t2e TC( con"estion rate increasesC2ec% $2et2er t2e !arameter +irect#$ Magni)ier Site (#ag is set to ;es in t2e data confi"uration on t2e L#T- If t2is !arameter is set to ;es9 you can infer t2at t2e cell is confi"ured $it2 re!eaters- If t2is !arameter is set to No9 c2ec% $2et2er ot2er o!eratorsT re!eaters are installed near t2e cellIf re!eaters are installed9 c2ec% $2et2er t2ey are $ide7fre>uency re!eaters- If yes9 c2ec% $2et2er t2e u!lin%Ado$nlin% am!lification coefficient is too "reat- Ensure t2at t2e am!lification coefficient is !ro!erly set- If a re!eater 2as a "reat im!act on t2e call dro! rate9 s$itc2 off t2e re!eaterIf re!eater !ro<lems e=ist in a cell9 t2e TA distri<ution varies "reatly in t2e traffic measurement results- T2e follo$in" ta<le lists t2e traffic measurement counters related to re!eatersCe## 4eve# None TR: 4eve# #R #easurement 7P Num<er of #Rs Based on TA

Case :

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

INT%RN&'

-8-5 Com!ati<ility $it2 Non7(ua$ei E>ui!ment

In t2e e=istin" net$or%9 t2ere are certain overla!!ed areas9 for e=am!le9 <oundary <et$een t$o !rovinces and rural7ur<an frin"e +one covered <y e>ui!ment of different vendors <ut t2e same o!erator- Coo!eration of e>ui!ment from different vendors re>uires t2e inter7#SN 2andover- 3ifferent !olicies or !arameter settin"s may cause t2e traffic to increase <ut fail to <e 2anded over immediately- As a result9 t2e TC( con"estion rate increasesIf t2e !ro<lem occurs9 c2ec% t2e success rate of out"oin" BSC 2andovers and distri<ution of out"oin" 2andover failure causes to identify t2e main causes- T2e follo$in" ta<le s2o$s related traffic measurement countersCe## 4eve# None TR: 4eve# Call #easurement 7P *ut"oin" E=ternal Inter7Cell (andover #easurement !er Cell

-8-3 5GA3G Intero!era<ility

Mit2 t2e develo!ment of 3G net$or%s9 certain 2i"27end #Ss ado!ts t2e dual transfer mode- T2erefore9 t2e #Ss can <e reselected from 5G net$or%s to 3G net$or%s and 5GA3G Intero!era<ility e=ists- Mit2 t2e increase of suc2 #Ss9 t2e con"estion may occur in t2e 5G and 3G systems if !arameters are incorrectly set/or e=am!le9 normally9 an #S in t2e 5G net$or% is reselected to t2e 3G net$or%(o$ever9 nei"2<or cells in t2e L..#7net$or% and 3G net$or% are set to unidirectional adKacent cells- T2erefore9 t2e #S is reselected to t2e 5G net$or% rat2er t2an t2e 3G net$or%9 causin" con"estion in t2e 5G net$or%5GA3G Intero!era<ility !ro<lems increase $it2 t2e develo!ment of 3G net$or%s- T2e 3GPP !rotocols s!ecify 5GA3G 2andovers of RLL and later versions rat2er t2an 2andovers of earlier versions- T2erefore9 if !ro<lems occur9 c2ec% $2et2er t2e 2andover is limited <y t2e version9 and t2en c2ec% t2e 2andover9 reselection9 confi"uration of nei"2<or cells9 and !arameter settin"s to locate t2e !ro<lem/or !arameter settin"s9 refer to t2ose related to reselection9 2andover9 and 3G e=ternal cells-

Note? Currently9 t2e BSC8... su!!orts 5G7to73G inter7RAT 2andovers suc2 as TA emer"ency 2andover9 BQ emer"ency 2andover9 ra!id level dro! 2andover9 interference 2andover9 and ed"e 2andoverCurrently9 t2e BSC8... does not su!!ort t2e GS#7to7T37SC3#A al"orit2m for t2e inter7RAT load7

GSM BSS Network KPI (TCH Congestion Rate) Optimization Manua !"#$

INT%RN&'

<ased 2andovers and service7<ased 2andovers- (o$ever9 inter7RAT 2andovers <ased on certain conditions can <e reali+ed in later versions-

GS# BSS Net$or% &PI 'TC( Con"estion Rate) *!timi+ation #anual V,-.

Confidentiality Level

-:

Soft$are Version Pro<lem

Recently9 (ua$ei re>uires to im!lement multi!le mi"ration and u!"rade !roKects in t2e 5G net$or%- 3urin" t2e mi"ration9 early !roducts of (ua$ei re>uirin" to <e re!laced suc2 as BTSs of earlier version de!loyed on t2e BSC35 may <e incom!ati<le $it2 t2e BSC8...- As a result t2e TC( con"estion rate increases or ot2er suc2 !ro<lems occurSolution ,- Nou re>uire to devote more ener"ies to analy+e suc2 !ro<lems- It is recommended to c2ec% t2e !recaution9 find !ossi<le !ro<lems <efore t2e u!"rade9 and analy+e cases to o<tain t2e solution and !rocessin" mec2anism ado!ted in t2e old version5*n t2e remote L#T9 c2ec% $2et2er soft$are of eac2 <oard of t2e BTS is com!ati<le and !erform version u!"rade accordin" to t2e version notice on t2e 2tt!?AAsu!!ort-2ua$ei-com site- *n t2e remote L#T9 <loc% TC(s of t2e TRG <oard in turn in t2e cell $it2 2i"2 con"estion rate- T2en9 c2ec% $2et2er t2e con"estion rate is relevant to t2e TRG <oard of t2e cell and t2en ado!t t2e follo$in" !rinci!les If yes9 it indicates t2at t2e con"estion rate is concerned $it2 t2e TRG <oardC2ec% $2et2er co7c2annel interference e=ists9 and t2en c2ec% t2e !erformance of u!lin% and do$nlin% 2ard$are and t2e TRG <oard If not9 t2e interference e=ists in t2e entire cell or t2e con"estion rate is su<Kect to t2e terrain3Si"nalin" tracin" and analysis

1se a si"nalin" analy+er to trace messa"es over t2e A<is interface in t2e cell $it2 2i"2 con"estion rate- T2en9 com!are tracin" results $it2 measurement items in t2e call !rocedure and measurement counters relatin" to t2e TC( assi"nment failure- T2e follo$in" fi"ure dis!lays t2e messa"e tracin" results <y usin" t2e #A,. si"nalin" analy+erC2ec%in" t2e &ssign ent CM+ command delivered on t2e S3CC(9 you can see t2at T/I determines t2e TRG <oard $2ere t2e S3CC( resides9 and &R(CN s!ecifies t2e TRG <oard $2ere t2e TC( resides- C2ec% $2et2er t2e assi"nment failure occurs on a certain TRG <oard- T2en9 locate s!ecific causes <ased on t2e TA value of t2e #S9 u!lin%Ado$nlin% level9 and u!lin%Ado$nlin% si"nal >uality included in t2e measurement re!ort and ma%e dialin" test locally5., 757L (ua$ei !ro!rietary Pa"e 5: of 3;

GS# BSS Net$or% &PI 'TC( Con"estion Rate) *!timi+ation #anual V,-.

Confidentiality Level

T2e assi"nment failure occurred on a TRG <oard may <e caused <y one of t2e follo$in" reasons? ',) T2e TRG <oard is faulty or t2e !erformance is unsta<le'5) 1!lin% and do$nlin% levels are not <alanced or u!lin% or do$nlin% antenna tri<utary 2as 2ard$are !ro<lems'3) 1!lin% and do$nlin% si"nals are of !oor >uality- C2ec% t2e c2annel on $2ic2 t2e interference e=ists <y considerin" t2e TA value-

If assi"nment failures randomly distri<ute on TRG <oards in t2e entire cell9 t2e failures may <e caused <y one of t2e follo$in"s t2rou"2 t2e measurement re!ort analysis? ',) T2e areas covered <y t2e BTS feature t2e com!le= terrain'5) T2e fre>uency interference e=ists in t2e entire cell9 for e=am!le9 interference from re!eaters-

@ Test Met,od
T2e TC( con"estion rate is one of t2e &PIs to evaluate net$or% access !erformance9 $2ic2 can <e o<tained t2rou"2 t2e re"istration or re!ortin" of t2e related &PIs- At !resent9 vendors and mo<ile o!erators use different formulas to calculate t2e TC( con"estion rate9 t2us leadin" to different values of t2is counter- In actual measurement9
5., 757L (ua$ei !ro!rietary Pa"e 56 of 3;

GS# BSS Net$or% &PI 'TC( Con"estion Rate) *!timi+ation #anual V,-.

Confidentiality Level

you s2ould re"ister t2e s!ecific counters and use an a!!ro!riate formula to calculate t2e value of t2e counter-

A &ppendi0 C,eck Ite s on TCH Congestion Rate

C2ec% Item Version information /re>uency multi!le=in" mode 3ata confi"uration ta<le Alarm information Traffic measuremen t

Remar%s Version information a<out t2e BSC9 PC19 and BTS ,6..#9 L..#

Pur!ose To c2ec% t2e version matc2in" relations2i!To c2ec% t2e fre>uency confi"uration-

U-dat file

To c2ec% t2e settin"s of t2e net$or% o!timi+ation !arameters9 nei"2<or cell relations9 and !o$er confi"uration To c2ec% $2et2er t2ese alarms are "enerated in t2e cell- (andle t2e alarms if t2ey are "eneratedTo com!are t2e num<er of S3ATC( re>uests9 S3ATC( sei+ure success rate9 and traffic volume to c2ec% $2et2er t2e coo!eration $it2 t2e nei"2<or BTS is normalTo com!are t2e num<er of incomin" inter7 cell 2andovers and t2e num<er of out"oin" inter7cell 2andovers res!ectively <efore and after net$or% re!lacement to c2ec% $2et2er t2e coo!eration $it2 t2e nei"2<or BTS is normalTo identify t2e covera"e !ro<lem <y com!arin" t2e covera"e <efore and after net$or% re!lacementTo c2ec% t2e "eo"ra!2ical information t2rou"2 t2e NASTAR soft$are-

(ard$are9 cloc%9 and transmission alarms 'self7 c2ec%) &PI #easurement !er Cell

Intra7cell (andover #easurement !er Cell Incomin"A*ut"oin" InternalAE=ternal Inter7Cell (andover #easurement !er Cell 3rivin" test data *t2ers U-lo" 'U-cell site) or U-ant file En"ineerin" !arameter ta<le and electronic ma!

B T$pica# Cases
:-, Case ,? TC( Con"estion Caused <y Terrain Reasons
+escription
5., 757L (ua$ei !ro!rietary Pa"e 5L of 3;

GS# BSS Net$or% &PI 'TC( Con"estion Rate) *!timi+ation #anual V,-.

Confidentiality Level

T2e TC( con"estion rate of a certain omnidirectional cell is 3BE,.BTro"'#es,ooting Analy+in" A<is7interface si"nalin"9 you can find t2at t2e con"estion reason is t2at t2e level is too lo$ and t2e <it error rate increases- In addition9 t2e TA value of t2e #S t2e distance <et$een t2e #S and t2e BTS is 5;-8 %m to 3,-, %m- *<vious9 t2e TC( assi"nment fails <ecause t2e #S is far a$ay from t2e BTS- #a%e on7site drivin" tests9 and t2en you $ill find t2at an isolated BTS is de!loyed 2ere and t2e area features com!le= terrain- T2erefore9 t2e con"estion of t2e BTS cannot <e solved tem!orarily due to environment limitations Hand#ing Proposa# To solve t2e cell con"estion !ro<lem caused <y lar"e covera"e and com!le= terrain9 o!erators are advised to do t2e follo$in"s? Add BTSs to im!lement continuous covera"eC2an"e t2e omnidirectional BTS to t2e directional BTS9 adKust t2e a+imut2 and tilt of t2e antenna9 and en2ance transmit level- In addition9 !revent cross7area covera"e-

:-5 Case 5? (i"2 TC( Con"estion Rate Caused <y /ault of TRG Board
+escription T2e BTS ado!ts t2e S8A A5 confi"uration- *ne day9 t2e traffic measurements su""est t2at t2e TC( overflo$ rate is 2i"2 in cell , $it2 si= TRGs and t2e TC( con"estion rate reac2es 5.B- T2e traffic on TC( in t2e cell is lo$9 "enerally9 .-6Erl durin" <usy 2ours- In addition9 t2e TC( sei+ure failure due to <usy TC( is .- C2annels on all t2e BTs in cell , are in t2e idle state- T2e <ase<and attri<ute and RC attri<ute are normal- T2ere is no a<normality on t2e L#TTro"'#es,ooting ,- *n t2e L#T9 >uery t2e status of c2annels on BTs <y usin" t2e !recedin" met2od- Nou can conclude !reliminarily t2at t2e TC( fails to <e sei+ed on BT and BT; in cell ,5- If you <loc% BT 9 BT;9 RC 9 and RC;9 t2ere is no TC( con"estion all day- T2en9 you can inter t2at RC and RC; are faulty3- If you un<loc% BT 9 BT;9 RC 9 and RC; and reset RC 'TRG ) and RC; 'TRG;)9 2i"2 con"estion rate !ersists- Insert and remove TRG and TRG; on t2e field- After ma%in" dialin" tests 'on TRG and TRG;) after fre>uency loc%9 t2e TC( still fails to <e sei+ed- E=c2an"e slots of TRG and TRG; and ma%e dialin" tests 'on TRG and TRG;) after fre>uency loc%- In t2is case9 t2e TC( still fails to <e sei+ed;- #a%e dialin" tests 'on TRG and TRG;) after fre>uency loc% after re!lacin" TRG and TRG;- T2en9 t2e TC( is successfully sei+ed and t2e TC( con"estion is released-

:-3 Case 3? Static TC(( Con"estion Caused <y Insufficient TC(/s

+escription Previously9 several BTSs ado!tin" t2e static 2alf7rate function $ere added to t2e BSC
5., 757L (ua$ei !ro!rietary Pa"e 3. of 3;

GS# BSS Net$or% &PI 'TC( Con"estion Rate) *!timi+ation #anual V,-.

Confidentiality Level

'G3BSC35V3..R..5C,.)- In su<se>uent days9 2o$ever9 t2e con"estion rate of t2e several BTSs in <usy 2ours in t2e evenin" is 2i"2 'over ,.B)- Instead9 t2e traffic volume is not very 2i"2- *<vious9 t2e a<normality occursCa"se &na#$sis ,- C2ec%in" !arameter settin"s9 you $ill find t2at TCH Rate &d7"st &##owed of eac2 cell is disa<led and static TC((s are confi"ured in t2ese cells- *nly one or no TC( is confi"ured in t2ese cells5- C2ec%in" t2e TC( !erformance measurement9 you $ill find t2at only one or t$o TRGs are confi"ured in t2e con"ested cell3- Recordin" t2e !erformance counters in cell !erformance measurement 59 you $ill find t2at C/44 &44OC (&I4 TIM/S (R is muc2 "reater t2an &44OC (&I4 TIM/S (RMa0i " N" 'er o) B"s$ TCH(s is "reater t2an t2e num<er of confi"ured TC(/sMa0i " N" 'er o) B"s$ TCHHs is smaller t2an t2e confi"ured num<er- C2ec%in" t2e status of TC(s in <usy 2ours9 you $ill find t2at all t2e TC(/s of t2ese cells are occu!ied and some TC((s are in t2e idle state- T2ese cells are located in rural areas or su<ur<s and multi!le #Ss can only use TC(/s <ecause TC((s are not su!!orted- In addition9 insufficient TC(/s result in TC(( con"estionTro"'#es,ooting ,- Increase t$o or t2ree TC(/s for eac2 cell accordin" to Tra))ic 8o#" e on TCH( and Tra))ic 8o#" e on TCH=H and t2e num<er of TC((s confi"ured in ERLANG B5- *<serve t2e traffic measurement result after modifyin" t2ese !arameters- T2en9 you can find t2at t2e TC( con"estion rate of eac2 cell is "reatly reduced9 nearly +eroHand#ing Proposa# Si"nificant modifications are made in t2e 2alf7rate al"orit2m ado!ted in C,3 and later version- If TC((s must <e su!!orted9 it is recommended t2at t2e al"orit2m version is u!"raded to C,3 or later- In C,3 version9 after t2e TC( rate adKustment is ena<led9 you can set t2e traffic <usy t2res2old to control t2e ty!e of !referred TC(s- T2en9 t2e !recedin" !ro<lems are solved/or t2e con"estion of t2e cell in $2ic2 2alf7rate service is ena<led9 c2ec% $2et2er dynamic TC(( adKustment is allo$ed- T2en9 locate t2e main cause and ta%e !ro!er measures accordin"ly-

:-

Case ? Increase of TC( Con"estion Rate Caused <y Im!ro!er (alf7 Rate Parameters after 1!"rade from BSC C,. to BSC C,3

+escription In an area9 t2e TC( con"estion rate increases after BSC C,. is u!"raded to BSC C,3 and t2e 2alf7rate traffic a<sor!tion decreasesCa"se &na#$sis
5., 757L (ua$ei !ro!rietary Pa"e 3, of 3;

GS# BSS Net$or% &PI 'TC( Con"estion Rate) *!timi+ation #anual V,-.

Confidentiality Level

BSC C,. does not su!!ort real7time conversion of TC((s- T2erefore9 <efore u!"rade9 TC((s are confi"ured in t2e net$or% and TCH Rate &d7"st &##ow is disa<led9 t2at is9 dynamic adKustment of TC( rate is unallo$ed- In BSC C,.9 if t2e assi"nment re>uest of t2e #SC is TC(/ !referred or TC(( !referred9 t2e BSC c2ec%s $2et2er t2e num<er of idle TC(/s is "reater t2an t2e value of Pre)erred TCH( Id#e T,res,o#d and assi"ns a!!ro!riate c2annels- T2e c2annel confi"uration remains unc2an"ed after u!"rade and TC(( !arameters use default values in C,3 version- (o$ever9 t2e 2alf7rate al"orit2m ado!ted <y BSC C,3 "reatly differs from t2at of BSC C,.- In BSC C,.9 TCH Rate &d7"st &##ow is disa<led- T2erefore9 TC(/s fail to <e coverted to TC((s and t2e TC( con"estion rate increasesTro"'#es,ooting Set t2e TC( ty!e to TCH ("## Rate and TCH Rate &d7"st &##ow to ;es- After t2e dynamic adKustment of t2e TC( rate is allo$ed9 t2e con"estion rate decreases and 2alf7 rate traffic a<sor!tion increases- T2en9 !ro<lems are solvedHand#ing Proposa# BSC C,3 o!timi+es t2e 2alf7rate al"orit2m and reali+es t2e real7time dynamic adKustment of t2e TC( rate- /ocus on t2e im!act im!osed on t2e traffic a<sor!tion and t2e TCP con"estion rate <y t2e modification of t2e 2alf7rate al"orit2m after and <efore t2e u!"rade of t2e BSC version-

:-; Case ;? Increase of TC( Con"estion Rate Caused <y #odification of 3efault Value of (andover T2res2old
+escription In a site9 if BSC8... is u!"raded from VLR,C.,B.68 to VLR,C.3B,. 9 t2e traffic measurement result reveals t2at t2e num<er of TC( con"estion is muc2 "reater t2an t2at 'nearly +ero) <efore t2e u!"rade- In addition9 t2e 2i"2er traffic volume in t2e cell9 t2e more serious t2e con"estion is- T2e traffic volume9 2o$ever9 does not increase s2ar!lyTro"'#es,ooting /irst9 t2e main cause is not t2e traffic volume <ecause t2e traffic measurement s2o$s no o<vious c2an"es of traffic volume <efore and after con"estionSecond9 t2e traffic measurement su""ests t2at t2e interference <and is normalT2erefore9 you can infer t2at t2ere is no u!lin% interferenceT2ird9 t2e con"estion occurs suddenly in a "reat num<er of cells and t2e TRG sei+ure is normal in t2e cell $it2 serious con"estion- T2erefore9 you can infer t2at t2ere are no im!licit faults of t2e <oard/ourt29 t2ere are no !arameter modifications recently- T2en9 t2e con"estion cause cannot <e t2e manual !arameter modificationT2en9 you can determine t2at t2e con"estion is caused <y u!"rade- Accordin" to
5., 757L (ua$ei !ro!rietary Pa"e 35 of 3;

GS# BSS Net$or% &PI 'TC( Con"estion Rate) *!timi+ation #anual V,-.

Confidentiality Level

tec2nical su!!ort en"ineers and R03 !ersonnel9 t2e PAN !arameter of t2e PBGT 2andover does not <rin" any im!act <efore u!"rade $2et2er t2is !arameter is set to any value 'By default9 P @ 3 and N @ 3)- After u!"rade9 t2e PAN !arameter settin" 'P @ 3 and N @ 5) ta%es effect- T2e num<er of 2andover re>uests is multi!lied several times due to t2e decrease of t2e 2andover t2res2oldHand#ing Proposa# T2is case !rovides ne$ t2ou"2ts for net$or% o!timi+ation? To reduce t2e TC( con"estion rate9 you can increase t2e 2andover t2res2old and reduce t2e num<er of 2andovers in t2e com!le= do$nto$n area $it2 dense si"nals- If t2is met2od is a!!lied to t2e rural area $it2 !oor si"nals9 some ris%s may e=ist9 suc2 as call dro! occurs and t2e s!eec2 >uality deteriorates 't2e 2andover cannot <e !erformed till t2e covera"e level is in !oor >uality)-

:-8 Case 8? Increase of TC( Con"estion Rate Caused <y Reverse Connections of Antennas
+escription T2e customer com!lains t2at t2e covera"e of a BTS decreases and call setu! is difficultS 2o$ever9 no alarm is found on t2e L#TTro"'#es,ooting Reverse connections of antennas9 transmit antennas9 and receive antennas cause un<alanced si"nals on u!lin% c2annels and do$nlin% c2annels- T2at is9 t2e user to $2ic2 t2e transmit antenna !oints is <ac% of t2e receive antenna- If t2e #S receives t2e TC( assi"nment command from t2e BSC durin" t2e call9 t2e TC( fails to <e assi"ned and t2e TC( con"estion occurs due to !oor level and >uality of u!lin% si"nals of t2e #S caused <y small "ain of t2e receive antennaHand#ing Proposa# To solve t2is !ro<lem9 ma%e drivin" tests or use a si"nalin" analy+er to analy+e t2e level and >uality of u!lin% and do$nlin% si"nals to c2ec% $2et2er si"nal im<alance e=ists- If yes9 ta%es !ro!er measures to solve t2is !ro<lemIf t2e a+imut2 and tilt of t2e main antenna is inconsistent $it2 t2ose of t2e diversity antenna or t2e diversity or s!acin" is small $2en sin"le7!olari+ation antennas are used in a cell9 u!lin% and do$nlin% si"nals are inconsistent and TC(s sei+ure failures tend to occur- T2ere are no suc2 !ro<lems in cells t2at ado!t dual !olari+ation antennas-

:-: Case :? (i"2 TC( Con"estion Rate 3ue to No Ca!acity E=!ansion of Re!eaters after BTS Ca!acity E=!ansion from *5 to *
+escription After t2e ca!acity of a BTS is e=!anded from *5 to * 9 t2e con"estion rate increases9 reac2in" u! to .BTro"'#es,ooting
5., 757L (ua$ei !ro!rietary Pa"e 33 of 3;

GS# BSS Net$or% &PI 'TC( Con"estion Rate) *!timi+ation #anual V,-.

Confidentiality Level

,- If t2e latter t$o TRGs are <loc%ed on t2e remote L#T9 t2e TC( con"estion rate is dramatically reduced to t2e normal level- T2en9 you can infer t2at t2e main cause is t2e t$o TRGs5- Tracin" and analy+in" A<is7interface si"nalin"9 you can find t2at t2e assi"nment failure occurs on t2e t$o ne$ TRGs- M2en t2e assi"nment failure occurs9 t2e measure re!ort of S3CC(s su""ests t2at t2e level on t2e S3CC( is normal and t2e TA value is relatively "reater- T2en9 you can determine t2at t2e failure occurs on a remote area- (o$ever9 t2ere are no SACC( 'TC() measurement re!orts- It is estimated t2at u!lin% or do$nlin% tri<utaries of t2e t$o TRGs may <e faulty- In some cases9 t2e TC( assi"nment is successful on t2e t$o TRGs- T2en9 t2e t$o TRGs cannot <e faulty3- T2ere are no faults occurred on antenna and feeder 2ard$are <ecause t2is cell ado!ts t2e four7in7one com<iners and one7to7four dividers- In addition9 t2ere are no 2ard$are !ro<lems on t2e semi7ri"id ca<les connectin" TRG <oards to com<iners and dividers- Accordin" to t2e maintenance en"ineers9 t2is cell is installed $it2 a re!eater- Before ca!acity e=!ansion9 t$o TRGs are confi"ured in t2is cell and t$o fre>uencies are loc%ed <y t2e re!eater- After ca!acity e=!ansion9 no fre>uencies are loc%ed for t2e t$o TRGsT2erefore9 to solve t2e !ro<lem of 2i"2 TCP con"estion rate9 you must solve t2e fre>uency !ro<lem of t2e re!eaterCa"se &na#$sis T2e covera"e of t2e latter t$o TRGs differs from t2at of former t$o TRGs due to t2e de!loyment of re!eaters- T2is causes TC( assi"nment failure-

:-6 Case 6? Interference Caused <y Re!eaters

+escription In cell 3 of a BTS9 t2e call dro! rate reac2es ,.BS traffic volume is lo$S t2e TC( con"estion rate is 2i"2- In cell , and cell 59 2o$ever9 t2e call dro! rate and TC( con"estion rate are normalTro"'#es,ooting ,- T2e TC( con"estion rate remains 2i"2 no matter 2o$ to <loc% TC(s of t2e TRG in t2e cell- It is estimated t2at interference e=ists or t2e area covered <y t2e cell features com!le= terrain5- Accordin" to t2e traffic measurement data9 idle TC(s fall in interference <and or ; in cell 3 in daytime and in interference <and , or 5 from 53?.. in t2e ni"2t to :?.. in t2e mornin"- T2ere is re"ularity <et$een t2e TC( con"estion rate and call dro! rate and t2e interference <and3- C2ec% $2et2er co7c2annel interference e=ists- C2an"e t2e fre>uency of cell 3 so t2at t2e s!acin" <et$een t2e fre>uency and t2e ori"inal one is at least , meter- T2e interference9 2o$ever9 !ersists- T2erefore9 t2e !ro<a<ility of co7c2annel interference and adKacent7c2annel interference is eliminated- C2ec% $2et2er t2e e>ui!ment is faulty- E=c2an"e antenna feeders of cell 3 and cell ,T2e interference9 2o$ever9 still e=ists in cell 3- T2erefore9 you can infer t2at t2e
5., 757L (ua$ei !ro!rietary Pa"e 3 of 3;

GS# BSS Net$or% &PI 'TC( Con"estion Rate) *!timi+ation #anual V,-.

Confidentiality Level

e>ui!ment is in t2e normal state- T2en9 c2ec% $2et2er e=ternal interference e=ists;- 1se a s!ectrum analy+er to ma%e fre>uency s$ee! tests on t2e divider !ort- T2en9 you $ill find t2at a si"nal similar to t2e si"nal from an analo" s!ectrum 't2e central fre>uency is L. -, #(+ and t2e s!ectrum <and$idt2 is 3.. %(+) e=ists continuously- T2e stren"t2 of t2e si"nal at t2e divider !ort of cell 39 cell 59 and cell , is E5: dBm9 E . dBm9 and E8. dBm res!ectively9 and t2e si"nal stren"t2 is consistent $it2 t2e interference levelT2rou"2 t2e s!acin" <et$een t2e fre>uency and t2e ori"inal one is ,. meters9 t2e fre>uency out!uts continuous si"nals- In t2is case9 collision and intermodulation $it2 ot2er si"nals tend to occur- Some intersected si"nals may fall in t2e receivin" <and9 causin" interference- T2e traffic volume in daytime is 2i"2er t2an t2at in t2e ni"2tT2erefore9 intersected si"nals are more and t2e interference is more serious- (ua$ei reac2es an a"reement $it2 o!erators t2at t2ere is no L. -, #(+ interference sourcePut t2e s!ectrum analy+er in t2e car to ma%e drivin" tests- At t2is time9 2o$ever9 no L. #(+ interference source is found- T2en9 ma%e drivin" tests on t2e roof- At last9 t2e fault is considered to <e concerned $it2 t2e unim!ortant little antenna- Su<se>uent si"nal interru!tion tests !rove t2is 2y!ot2esis- After t2e antenna is !o$ered off9 t2e interference is eliminated and measurement counters of BTS A <ecome normal-

:-L Case L? TCP Con"estion Caused <y E=ternal Interference

+escription A cell encounters TC( con"estion caused <y e=ternal interferenceTro"'#es,ooting T2ree radars are de!loyed in t2e BTS a<out one %ilometer a$ay from t2e do$nto$n area- /or t2e V5: radar $2ose o!eratin" fre>uency <and is similar to GS# fre>uency <and9 t2e o!eratin" fre>uency <and is L..ELLL#(+ and t2e transmit !o$er is ;6.&MT2e stand<y time is lon"- Lon"7time tests and analysis s2o$ t2at t2e radar cause serious interference- T2e receiver of t2e BTS features 2i"2 receive <ac%"round noise t2at reac2es a ma=imum of E6.dBm- T2en9 u!lin% si"nals transmitted from t2e #S $it2 lo$ !o$er may <e over$2elmed <y noise si"nals- At t2is time9 it is difficult for su<scri<ers to ma%e a call- In addition9 t2ere is no !rom!t sound- As a result9 t2e TC( con"estion occurs- Nou can reduce t2e interference <y decreasin" t2e antenna tilt-

5., 757L

(ua$ei !ro!rietary

Pa"e 3; of 3;