Professional Documents
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01 A Stevenson CH 04
01 A Stevenson CH 04
SYSTEMS DESIGN
Chapter Four Product and Service Design Chapter Four Supplement Reliability Chapter Five Capacity Planning Chapter Five Supplement Decision Theory Chapter Six Process Design and Facility Layout Chapter Six Supplement Linear Programming Chapter Seven Design of Work Systems Chapter Seven Supplement Learning Curves Chapter Eight Location Planning and Analysis Chapter Eight Supplement The Transportation Model
PART THREE
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Chapter 4
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Trends in Product & Service Design (Contd) Increased emphasis on or attention to:
The organizations capabilities to produce or deliver the item Environmental concerns
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin
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Objectives of Product and Service Design Development time and cost Product or service cost Resulting product or service quality Capability to produce or deliver a given product or service
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Design For Operations Taking into account the capabilities of the organization in designing goods and services
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Customer Satisfaction
Customer Needs
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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External
Customers (QFD) Competitors Suppliers
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-12
QFD: An approach that integrates the voice of the customer into the product and service development process.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-13
Reverse Engineering
Reverse engineering is the dismantling and inspecting of a competitors product to discover product improvements.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Ethical
Releasing products with defects
Environmental
EPA
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Regulations & Legal Considerations Product Liability - A manufacturer is liable for any injuries or damages caused by a faulty product. Uniform Commercial Code - Products carry an implication of merchantability and fitness.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-17
Product Design Product Life Cycles Robust Design Concurrent Engineering Computer-Aided Design Modular Design
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-18
Saturation
Maturity
Deman d
Decline
Growth
Incubation
Time
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-19
Advantages of Standardization Fewer parts to deal with in inventory & manufacturing Reduced training costs and time More routine purchasing, handling, and inspection procedures
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-20
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-21
Disadvantages of Standardization Designs may be frozen with too many imperfections remaining. High cost of design changes increases resistance to improvements.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-22
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-23
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-24
Modular Design
Modular design is a form of standardization in which component parts are subdivided into modules that are easily replaced or interchanged. It allows:
easier diagnosis and remedy of failures easier repair and replacement simplification of manufacturing and assembly
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-25
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-26
Improving Reliability Component design Production/assembly techniques Testing Redundancy/backup Preventive maintenance procedures User education
System design
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-27
Robust Design Robust Design: Design that results in products or services that can function over a broad range of conditions
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-30
Concurrent Engineering
Concurrent engineering is the bringing together of engineering design and manufacturing personnel early in the design phase.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-31
New Product
Mfg
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Design
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-32
Computer-Aided Design Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is product design using computer graphics.
increases productivity of designers, 3 to 10 times creates a database for manufacturing information on product specifications provides possibility of engineering and cost analysis on proposed designs
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-33
Manufacturability
Manufacturability is the ease of fabrication and/or assembly which is important for:
Cost Productivity
Quality
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-34
Product design
Design for manufacturing (DFM) Design for assembly (DFA) Design for recycling (DFR) Remanufacturing Design for disassembly (DFD) Robust design
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-35
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-36
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Customized Clothing Dept. Store Purchase Telephone Purchase Internet Purchase None
Moderate Low
None
Low
Moderate
High
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QFD: An approach that integrates the voice of the customer into the product and service development process.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-39
Correlation matrix
Design requirements
Customer requirements
Relationship matrix
Competitive assessment
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
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Water resistance
Engineering Characteristics
Competitive evaluation
7 5 3 3 2
Reduce energy level to 7.5 ft/lb
X
X AB
AB
XAB A XB
X A
10
6
Maintain current level
6
Reduce force to 9 lb.
9
Reduce energy to 7.5 ft/lb.
2
Maintain current level
3
Maintain current level
Relationships:
Strong = 9 Medium = 3 Small = 1
5 4 3 2 1
B A X
BA X
B A X
B X A
BXA
BA X
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-41
Operations Strategy Shorten time-to-market Package products and services Increase emphasis on component commonality Use multiple-use platforms Consider tactics for mass customization Look for continual improvement
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Seventh Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.