Giaothucdieukhiendadiemtrongepon RzIRP 20130504091743 15188 Al2o

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG C S TI THNH PH H CH MINH
KHOA VIN THNG II

_____________
N TT NGHIP I HC
CHUYN NGNH: IN T - VIN THNG H O TO: I HC CHNH QUY
ti:
GIAO THC IU KHIN A IM TRONG EPON

M s ti: 09405160083
Sinh vin thc hin: NGUYN TH KIM THI MSSV: 405160083 Lp: 05VTA1 Gio vin hng dn: PHM QUC HP
TPHCM 2009
HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG C S THNH PH H CH MINH ---------oOo-------
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c Lp - T Do - Hnh Phc --- o0o---
Tp. H Ch Minh, ngythngnm PHIU NHN XT N TT NGHIP H I HC (Dnh cho ngi hng dn Biu 2)
1. Tn ti tt nghip : GIAO THC IU KHIN A IM TRONG EPON M ti : 09405160083.. 2. H tn sinh vin thc hin : NGUYN TH KIM THI MSSV : 405160083.. Lp : 05VTA1........ 3. Nhng u im chnh ca n tt nghip : 3.1 Ni dung thc hin : . 3.2 Kt qu sn phm : . 3.3 Kh nng p dng : . 3.4 Hnh thc trnh by : .. 4. Nhng thiu st chnh ca n tt nghip : 5. ngh : c bo v B sung thm bo v Gii Kh Khng c bo v Yu , im /10.
6. nh gi chung : Xut sc
Trung bnh
CH TCH HI NG
GIO VIN HNG DN
HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG C S THNH PH H CH MINH ---------oOo--------
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c Lp - T Do - Hnh Phc ---o0o---
Tp. H Ch Minh, ngythngnm PHIU NHN XT N TT NGHIP H I HC (Dnh cho ngi c duyt - Biu 3)
1. Tn ti tt nghip : GIAO THC IU KHIN A IM TRONG EPON M ti : 09405160083. 2. H tn sinh vin thc hin :NGUYN TH KIM THI MSSV : 405160083 Lp : 05VTA1 3. Nhng u im chnh ca n tt nghip : 3.1 Ni dung thc hin : 3.2 Kt qu sn ph m : .. 3.3 Kh nng p dng : .. 3.4 Hnh thc trnh by : 4. Nhng thiu st chnh ca n tt nghip : 5. ngh : c bo v B sung thm bo v Khng c bo v 6. 3 cu hi sinh vin ph i tr li trc Hi ng : a) b) . c) .
7. nh gi chung : Xut sc
Gii
Kh
Trung bnh
Yu
, im /10.
(Ghi ch : Trong trng hp thay i im ch m gio vin phi k tn xc nh n).
CH TCH HI NG
GIO VIN C DUYT
LI CM N
Li u tin em xin c gi ti thy Phm Quc Hp vi lng bit n su sc. Thy l ngi theo sut em trong qu trnh thc hin lun vn. Thy rt tn tnh nh hng, ch bo, hng dn v sa cha cc sai xt ca em cng nh cung cp ti liu v kin thc gip em hon thnh tt lun vn ny. Em cng xin c cm n tt c cc Thy, C gio ca Hc Vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng ging dy, du dt em trong sut bn nm qua em c c kin thc thc hin lun vn tt nghip. Cui cng, em dnh li cm n n cc bn ca em gip em v nhiu mt trong qu trnh hon thnh lun vn cng nh gip em trong cng vic sa cha, bin tp. Mt ln na, em xin cm n tt c mi ngi nhit tnh gip em hon thnh tt lun vn ny./. Thnh ph H Ch Minh, ngy 24 thng 11 nm 2009 Sinh vin thc hin
NGUYN TH KIM THI
MC LC
MC LC
MC LC ................................................................................................................... 1 CHNG I: M U ................................................................................................ 3 CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG ............................................................ 5 2.1 Tng quan v mng vin thng: ...................................................................... 5
2.1.1. Cc c im ca mng vin thng hin ti: ............................................. 5 2.1.2. H phn cp mng: ................................................................................... 6 2.1.3. Cc loi mng vin thng: ........................................................................ 7 2.2. Tng quan v mng truy nhp quang: ........................................................... 11 2.2.1. L do pht trin mng quang: [1] ........................................................... 11 2.2.2. c im mng truy nhp quang: ........................................................... 12 2.2.3. Phn loi mng truy nhp quang: ........................................................... 13 2.2.4. Xu hng pht trin ca mng truy nhp quang: .................................... 18 CHNG III: MNG QUANG TH NG (PON-PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK) .............................................................................................................. 20 3.1 Cu trc phn lp: ........................................................................................ 20
3.1.1. Lp vt l:.............................................................................................. 20 3.1.2. Lp vn chuyn: .................................................................................... 21 3.2. Phn loi:...................................................................................................... 22 3.2.1. Mng quang th ng bng rng (BPON Broadband PON):................ 22 3.2.2. Mng quang th ng Gigabit (GPON - Gigabit Passive Optical Network): ........................................................................................................... 26 3.2.3. Mng quang th ng Ethernet (EPON - Ethernet Passive Optical Network): ........................................................................................................... 33 3.2.4. Mng quang th ng Gigabit Ethernet (GEPON Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network): .................................................................................. 33
SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI
05 VTA1
MC LC
CHNG IV: MNG QUANG TH NG ETHERNET (EPON - ETHERNET PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK) ............................................................................ 35 4.1 Nhu cu ca mng EPON: ............................................................................ 35 So snh mng EPON v mng GPON: ................................................... 35 Kt lun: ................................................................................................ 38
4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
Tiu chun mng EPON: .............................................................................. 39 Phm vi hot ng: ....................................................................................... 40 Nguyn tc hot ng: .................................................................................. 42 Xu hng pht trin mng EPON: ................................................................ 44
CHNG V: GIAO THC I U KHI N A I M (MPCP MULTIPOINT CONTROL PROTOCOL) TRONG EPON ................................................................ 47 5.1 Cu tru c khung MPCP : ................................................................................. 47
5.1.2. Khung i u khi n GATE :....................................................................... 53 5.1.3. Khung i u khi n REGISTER _REQ: ..................................................... 56 5.1.4. Khung i u khi n REGISTER : .............................................................. 57 5.1.5. Khung i u khi n REGISTER _ACK: .................................................... 58 5.2. Giao thc i u khi n a i m (MPCP Multipoint Control Protocol): ......... 59 5.3. Chng trnh demo: ...................................................................................... 63 5.3.1. Gii thiu: .............................................................................................. 63 5.3.2. Ni dung: ............................................................................................... 63 5.3.3. Mc ch: ............................................................................................... 65 5.3.4. Hn ch chng trnh demo: .................................................................. 65 CHNG VI: KT LUN ....................................................................................... 66 DANH MC HNH V............................................................................................. 68 DANH MC T VIT TT ..................................................................................... 70 TI LIU THAM KHO.......................................................................................... 74
SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI 05 VTA1 2
CHNG I: M U
CHNG I: M U
Hi n nay, mng vin thng c pht trin theo hng ton s hoa a phng ti n va internet . i u na y la m cho vi c ti m ki m phng a n gia i quy t truy nh p bng r ng co gia tha nh th p , ch t l ng cao a tr nn c p thi t. Cung vi s pht trin ca x hi thng tin , nhu c u s du ng di ch vu vi n thng nga y ca ng tng , t di ch vu i n thoa i n di ch vu truy n s li u , hnh nh a phng ti n . Vi c ti ch h p ca c di ch vu va o cu ng m t ma ng sao cho ma ng vi n thng tr nn n gia n hn ang tr tha nh v n no ng bo ng c a ngnh vin thng v o cng l xu hng pht trin ca mng vin thng hin ti . Trong ti ny, chng ta i ngc li dng lch s ca mng vin thng t mng Telex, dch v in thoi truyn thng POTS, mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng PSTN, mng truyn s liu, mng truyn cc tn hiu truyn hnh v ni ting hn c l mng Ethernet, Token Bus v Token Ring. Sau o, mng NGN ra i thi mt lung gi mi vo th trng mng vin thng khi a ra cc dch v mi da trn giao thc IP v a ra mng ring o VPN mt hng i ca cc nh khai thc p ng cc nhu cu ca khch hng bng cc kt ni dng any-toany, cc lp a dch v, cc dch v gi thnh qun l thp, ring t, tch hp xuyn sut cng vi cc mng Intranet / Internet. Trong mng vin thng, nu xt v goc k thut gm nhng mng sau: mng chuyn mch, mng truy nhp v mng truyn dn. Trong o, mng truy nhp quang ang c quan tm v pht trin nh vo nhng u im vt tri v bng thng ln, t b suy hao trn ng truyn, gim nhiu, bo mt tt. Mng truy nhp quang c hai mng c bn l mng quang tch cc AON v mng quang th ng PON. Nhng li ch ca vic s dng k thut PON trong mng truy nhp cho thy vic tin hnh thc hin nhng thit k mng rt quan trng. Bi v mng truy nhp tp trung rt t lu lng t nhiu thu bao nn n c gi rt cnh tranh. V th, thit k PON khng yu cu d phng v cho php trin khai thm. Tuy ma ng PON co nh ng u i m v t tr i hn ma ng AON nhng v n co m t s nha cung c p cho n AON la gia i php cho ring mi nh . Trong o, xu hng pht trin mng truy nhp quang l gii php FTTH (Fiber-to-the-Home) gii php ang c ng dng rng ri Vit Nam. PON l mng quang th ng m tt c cc thnh phn tch cc gia tng i CO v ngi s dng s khng cn tn ti. Thay vo o l cc thit b quang th ng, iu hng cc lu l ng trn mng da trn vic phn tch nng lng ca cc bc sng quang hc ti cc im u cui trn ng truyn. Mng PON c hai lp (lp vt l v lp vn chuyn) v c phn thnh cc loi mng sau:
CHNG I: M U
BPON, GPON, EPON v GEPON. c im ca mi mng c th hin trong ti mt cch c bn ta c th bit c nhng c trng v cu trc m mng hin c. T o, ta chn mt cu trc mng c th p dng mt cch hiu qu vo mng hin c nc ta. Bng phng php so snh mng GPON mng hin ang c cc nh khai thc trin khai vi mng EPON, ta s thy c nhng li ch trong vic trin khai mng EPON. o chnh l l do m em chn EPON l hng nghin cu cho ti ny. Trong phn EPON, chng ta s tm hiu v tiu chun mng, phm vi hot ng v nguyn tc hot ng . Xu hng pht trin mng EPON c hai gii php: mt l gii php pht trin ln GEPON (in hnh l Nht Bn ang pht trin mng ny), cn gii php th hai l kt hp EPON vi WIMAX BS to ra s kt hp tt v phn cp bng thng v thc hin hiu qu vic phn b bng thng v lp lch goi, gip t c hiu sut s dng bng thng v h tr QoS tt hn. Phn chnh ca ti l trnh by giao thc iu khin a im (MPCP). Trc khi tm hiu giao thc ny, ta phi bit v cu trc khung ca MPCP (gm nm bn tin: REPORT, GATE, REGISTER_REQ, REGISTER v REGISTER_ACK). Mi bn tin c nhng cu trc c trng ring. Nguyn l truyn ca giao thc MPCP ch yu da vo cc bn tin trn v c trnh by c th trong ti ny. V thy r s ng dng ca giao thc, ta thc hin chng trnh demo truyn d liu 64-QAM trong dch v IPTV. ti ny bao gm su chng. Sau y l b cc ca ti: Chng I: M u Chng II: Mng truy nhp quang Chng III: Mng quang th ng (PON Passive Optical Network) Chng IV: Mng quang th ng Ethernet (EPON Ethernet Passive Optical Network) Chng V: Giao thc iu khin a im (MPCP Multipoint Control Protocol) trong EPON Chng VI: Kt lun
Mc d, c nhiu c gng nhng do thi gian hn hp nn ti khng th trnh khi nhiu thiu st. Knh mong qu thy c nhn xt v gp kin ti ca em c hon thin hn.
05 VTA1
CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

2.1 Tng quan v mng vin thng: 2.1.1. Cc c im ca mng vin thng hin ti: Cc mng vin thng hin ti co c im chung l tn ti mt cch ring l, ng vi mi loi dch v thng tin li co t nht mt loi mng vin thng ring bit phc v dch v o. Mng Telex: dung gi cc bc in di dng k t c m ho bng 5 bit (m Baudot). Tc truyn rt thp (t 75 ti 300 bit/s). Mng in thoi chuy n ma ch cng cng (PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network), cn gi l di ch vu i n thoa i truy n th ng (POTS - Plain Old Telephone Service): y thng tin ting noi c s ha v chuyn mch h thng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng PSTN. Mng truyn s liu: bao gm cc mng chuyn mch goi trao i s liu gia cc my tnh da trn giao thc ca X.25 v h thng truyn s liu chuyn mch knh da trn cc giao thc X.21. Cc tn hiu truyn hnh c th c truyn theo ba cch: truyn bng sng v tuyn, truyn qua h thng mng truyn hnh cp (CATV - Community Antenna Television) bng cp ng trc hoc truyn qua h thng v tinh, hay cn gi l truyn hnh trc tip (DBS - Direct Broadcast System). Trong phm vi c quan, s liu gia cc my tnh c trao i thng qua mng cc b (LAN - Local Area Network) m ni ting nht l mng Ethernet, Token Bus v Token Ring. Mi mng c thit k cho cc dch v ring bit v khng th s dng cho cc mc ch khc . Ch ng ha n nh: ta khng th truyn ting ni qua mng chuyn mch gi X.25 v tr qua mng ny qu ln. Mng vin thng hin ti bao gm cc loi mng sau: Xt v goc dch v th gm cc mng sau: mng in thoi c nh, mng in thoi di ng v mng truyn s liu. Xt v goc k thut bao gm cc mng sau: mng chuyn mch, mng truy nhp v mng truyn dn. Hin nay, cc nh cung cp dch v thu c li nhun phn ln t cc dch v nh leased - line, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) v cc dch v kt ni c bn. Tuy nhin, xu hng gim li nhun t cc dch v ny bt buc cc nh khai thc phi tm dch v mi da trn giao th c Internet (IP Internet Protocol)
m bo li nhun lu di . Mng ring o (VPN Virtual Private Network) l mt hng i ca cc nh khai thc. Cc dch v da trn nn IP cung cp kt ni gia mt nhom cc user xuyn qua mng h tng cng cng. VPN co th p ng cc nhu cu ca khch hng bng cc kt ni dng any-to-any, cc lp a dch v, cc dch v gi thnh qun l thp, ring t, tch hp xuyn sut cung vi cc mng Intranet/Internet. Mt nhom cc user trong Intranet v Internet co th hot ng thng qua mng co nh tuyn IP. Cc mng ring o co chi ph vn hnh thp hn mng ring trn phng tin qun l, bng thng v dung lng. Hiu mt cch n gin, VPN l mt mng m rng t qun nh mt s la chn c s h tng ca mng WAN (Wide Area Network). VPN co th lin kt cc user thuc mt nhom kn hay gia cc nhom khc nhau. VPN c nh ngha bng mt ch qun l. Cc thu bao VPN co th di chuyn n mt kt ni mm do tri di t mng cc b n mng hon chnh. Cc thu bao ny co th dung trong cng (Intranet) hoc khc (Internet) t chc. Tuy nhin, cn lu rng hin nay mng PSTN/ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network - Mng tch hp dch v s) vn ang l mng cung cp cc dch v d liu. 2.1.2. H phn cp mng:
Cap 1
Tong ai quoc te
Cap 2
Tong ai chuyen tiep quoc gia
Cap 3
Tong ai tandem noi hat hoac noi tnh
Cap 4
Tong ai noi hat
Cap 5
Tong ai khu vc
Hnh II.1: Cu trc phn cp ca mng vin thng[6]
05 VTA1
2.1.3. Cc loi mng vin thng: 2.1.3.1. Mng chuyn mch:
Mng chuyn mch co 4 cp (da trn cc cp tng i chuyn mch): qu giang quc t, qu giang ng di, ni tnh v ni ht. Ring ti thnh ph H Ch Minh co thm cp qu giang ni ht. Hin nay, mng VNPT co cc trung tm chuyn mch quc t v chuyn mch quc gia H Ni, Nng, Thnh Ph H Ch Minh. Mng ca cc bu in tnh cng ang pht trin m rng. Nhiu tnh, thnh ph xut hin cc cu trc mng vi nhiu tng i Host, cc thnh ph ln nh H Ni, Thnh Ph H Ch Minh v ang trin khai cc Tandem ni ht. Mng vin thng ca VNPT hin ti c chia lm 5 cp, trong tng lai s c gim t 5 cp xung 4 cp. Mng ny do cc thnh vin ca VNPT iu hnh: o l VTI, VTN v cc bu in tnh. VTI qun l cc tng i chuyn mch qu giang quc t, VTN qun l cc tng i chuyn mch qu giang ng di ti 3 trung tm H Ni, Nng v TP.HCM. Phn cn li do cc bu in tnh qun l. Cc loi tng i co trn mng vin thng Vit Nam: A1000E ca Alcatel, NEAX61S ca NEC, AXE10 ca Ericsson, EWSD ca Siemens. Cc cng ngh chuyn mch c s dng: chuyn mch knh (PSTN), X.25 relay, ATM (s liu). Nhn chung, mng chuyn mch ti Vit Nam cn nhiu cp v vic iu khin b phn tn trong mng (iu khin nm ti cc tng i). 2.1.3.2. 2.1.3.2.1. Mng truy nhp: c im:
Mng truy nhp v tr cui ca mng vin thng, trc tip u ni vi thu bao, bao gm tt c cc thit b v ng dy c lp t gia trm chuyn mch ni ht vi thit b u cui ca thu bao. C th hiu khi nim v mng truy nhp theo cc ni dung sau y: Mng truy nhp (AN - Access Network) l phn mng gia SNI (Subscriber Network Interface Giao di n ma ng thu bao ) v UNI (User Network Interface Giao di n ma ng ng i du ng ), c nhim v truyn ti cc tn hiu n thu bao. M hnh tham chiu vt l ca mng truy nhp c m t qua hnh sau:
05 VTA1
Hinh II.2: M hi nh tham chi u cu a ma ng truy nh p[7] 2.1.3.2.2. Phn loa i: Truy nhp bng quay s (Dial-up Access): y l mt loi truy nhp bng hp da trn phng thc quay s thng qua modem. Nu p dng trn ng dy thu bao truyn thng th modem ch t c tc ti a 56 Kbps. Nu p dng trn ng dy thu bao ISDN-BA (ISDN Basic Access ISDN truy nh p c ba n ), c 2 knh B vi mi knh bng 64 Kbps v mt knh D bng 16 Kbps nn cn gi l truy nhp 2B+D [7]. ng dy thu bao s (DSL Dial Subscriber Line): Vi cung i dy in thoi truyn thng c th c dung truyn d liu tc cao. C mt vi cng ngh cho DSL, khi m ngi dng c nhu cu tc ng xung cao hn tc ng ln th c hai loi DSL bt i xng : ng dy thu bao s bt ng b (ADSL - Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line) v ng dy thu bao s t c d li u r t cao (VDSL - Very high data rate Digital Subscriber Line). Ty thuc vo chiu di mch vng, cc h thng DSL c th t n tc t 128Kbps n 52Mbps [7]. Cable Modems: Cable Modem l mt loi modem cung cp truy nhp d liu c truyn trn h thng truyn hnh cp. Cable modem ch yu c dng phn phi truy nhp internet bng rng. Bng thng ca dch v cable modem thng mi thng thng trong khong t 3 Mbps n 30 Mbps hoc ln hn [7]. Cp quang: iu mong mun ca cc cng ty vin thng l a cp quang n tn nh ca ngi s dng. Vi mng quang ng b (SONET Synchronous Optical Network) im - im v cc vng ring, cp quang s bao ph cc khu dn c, cng s c th phc v in thoi, d liu, hi ngh truyn hnh, v cc dch v khc trong hin ti, v cng d dng nng cp khi c yu cu bng thng ln hn trong tng lai. Vi cng ngh mng quang th ng ATM
(APON ATM Passive Optical Network), s p ng yu cu t ra cng nh vn v chi ph xy dng mng. V tuyn: Cc h thng v tinh c qu o thp nh Teledesic v Bridge c th ti hng chc Mbps n u cui ngi s dng, cn h thng dch v n i ht phn b a im (LMDS - Local Multipoint Distribution Service) bng thng t n 1 Gbps tn s 28 GHz [7]. Truy nhp qua ng dy in: ng dy in l mt mi trng c nhiu nghim trng, nhng n c kh nng truyn cc dch v vin thng c tc bit cao. Chng c ni vi ng dy in trong nh kin trc nn mt mng truyn dn hon chnh. Cc thit b u cui c kt ni vo cm in trong nh c th truy nhp n mng bng rng. Kin trc ny kt hp mt cch hi ha vi cc h thng t ng hoa trong nh, cho php iu khin t xa cc thit b t ti nh thng qua internet. 2.1.3.3. Mng truyn dn:
Cc h thng thit b truyn dn trn mng vin thng VNPT hin nay ch yu s dng hai loi cng ngh l: cp quang phn c p s ng b (SDH Synchoronous Digital Hierarchy) v vi ba phn c p s c n ng b (PDH Plesiochoronous Digital Hierarchy). Cp quang SDH: Thit b ny do nhiu hng khc nhau cung cp l: Siemens, Fujitsu, Alcatel, Lucent, NEC, Nortel. Cc thit b co dung lng 155Mb/s, 622 Mb/s, 2.5 Gb/s [6]. Vi ba PDH: Thit b ny cng co ngun gc t nhiu hng cung cp khc nhau nh Siemens, Alcatel, Fujitsu, SIS, SAT, NOKIA, AWA. Dung lng 140 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s v n*2 Mb/s [6]. Mng truyn dn gm: mng truyn dn lin tnh, mng truyn dn ni tnh, mng truyn dn quc t v mng v tinh VINASAT. o Mng truyn dn lin tnh: Bao gm cc h thng truyn dn bng cp quang, bng v tuyn. Mng truyn dn lin tnh bng cp quang:[6]
Mng truyn dn ng trc quc gia ni gia H Ni v TPHCM di 4000km, c chia thnh 4 vng ring ti H Tnh, Nng, Qui Nhn v TPHCM. Vng 1: H Ni H Tnh (884km) Vng 2: H Tnh Nng (834km)
Vng 3: Nng Qui Nhn (817km) Vng 4: Qui Nhn TPHCM (1424km) Tuy nhin, theo thng tin ca Tp on Bu chnh - vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT), d kin s co thm tuyn cp quang bin Bc Nam. Dung lng ln nht ca tuyn cp quang ny s ln ti 80Gbps, s dng cng ngh ghp knh theo bc song mt cao (DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) v h thng qun l mng ng trc.[9] Mng truyn dn lin tnh bng v tuyn:
Dung h thng vi ba SDH (STM-1, dung lng 155Mbps), PDH (dung lng 4Mbps, 6Mbps, 140Mbps).[6] o Mng truyn dn ni tnh:
Khong 88% cc tuyn truyn dn ni tnh s dng h thng vi ba. Trong tng lai khi nhu cu ti tng th cc tuyn ny s c thay th bi h thng truyn dn quang. o Mng truyn dn quc t:[10] Phng thc truyn dn: v tinh, cp quang Dung lng: Tuyn TVH (Thailand Vietnam Hong Kong): 565Mb/s Tuyn SEA ME - WE3 (South-East Asia - Middle East Western Europe 3): 10Gb/s Tuy nhin, VNPT d kin s c thm hai tuyn cp quang bin ni Vietnam - Hongkong - Singapore v VietNam - Hong Kong. Hin ti, VTI co hai tuyn cp quang trn bin l tuyn T - V - H ni Thi Lan - Vit Nam - Hong Kong v tuyn SEA ME - WE 3 ni Chu u - Chu . Trong thi gian ti, VNPT s tip tc tham gia xy dng hai d n tuyn cp quang bin ni Vit Nam - Hong Kong - Singapore v tuyn Vit Nam - Hong Kong vi im cp b Nng. Bn cnh o, Vit Nam cng co phng n tham gia u t xy dng h thng cp quang bin quc t SEA ME - WE 4 kt ni Singapore ti Php, t Singapore v Vit Nam s dng dung lng trn h thng video gia i nh (VHS - Video Home System). [9] D kin khai thc dung lng cp quang quc t (2004-2015):[9] - Vi h thng TVH a vo khai thc t nm 1995, % s dng ca nm 2004 l 84%, nm 2005 s l 86% v t cc nm sau o n 2015 l 88%.
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- Tuyn CSC phn t Vit Nam: Nu nm 2004 ch s dng ht 26% th nm 2005 ln ti 58% (tng 2,2 ln), 2006 l 70% (tng 2,7 ln), 2007 l 87% (tng 3,3 ln) v t 2008 tr i s l 100% (tng 3,8 ln). - Trn SEA - ME - WE 3: % s dng nm 2004 l 15%, 2005 l 73% (tng 4,8 ln) v t 2006 tr i s l 100% (tng 6,6 ln). - Trn TPC-5, nm 2004 l 63%, 2005 l 66%, 2006 l 73%, 2007 l 77% v nhng nm sau n 2015 l 98%. - Trn CHINA - US: dung lng s dng t 2004 l 100%. - Trn APCN, % s dng: 2004, 2005 l 46%, 2006 l 47%, 2007 l 48% v t cc nm sau o n 2015 l 49%. o Mng v tinh VINASAT:[10] Dung lng: 24.000 knh thoi hoc 240 knh truyn hnh. 2.2. Tng quan v mng truy nhp quang: 2.2.1. L do pht trin mng quang: [1] Mng vin thng c nhiu c trng quan trng khc nhau nhng c trng chnh l dung lng mang thng tin. i vi mng ngn hng, bo mt c l quan trng hn dung lng. i vi nh mi gii, tc truyn l c im ch yu nht ca mng. Nhn chung, mc du dung lng l iu u tin cho hu ht user h thng nhng chng ta khng th tng dung lng lin kt nhiu nh chng ta mun. Hn ch chnh c th hin bi nh l Shannon-Hartley: C = BW log2(1 + SNR) (2.1)
Vi C l dung lng mang thng tin (b/s), BW (bandwidth) l bng thng lin kt (Hz = C/s), v SNR (signal noise ratio) l t l cng sut tn hiu trn nhiu. Cng thc (2.1) a ra mt hn ch i vi dung lng C, v vy, no thng c xem nh l hn ch Shannon. Cng thc bt ngun t l lun thng tin l ng bt chp k thut ring. N ln u tin c cng b vo nm 1948 bi Claude Shannon, mt nh khoa hc lm vic Bell Laboratories. R.V.L. Hartley cng lm vic Bell Laboratories thnh lp t bo c s trc o 20 nm, t bo o t nn tng quan trng trong l lun thng tin. iu o gii thch l do ti sao tn ng y c t cng vi cng thc ca Shannon. nh l Shannon-Hartley chng t rng dung lng mang thng tin t l vi bng thng knh truyn, khong tn s trong khong bng thng m tn hiu c th truyn khng co suy hao ng k.
Ci g hn ch bng thng knh truyn? o l tn s sng mang tn hiu. Tn s song mang cng cao th bng thng knh truyn cng ln v dung lng mang thng tin ca h thng cng cao. Quy lut ngon tay ci c lng trt t gi tr c th l: bng thng bng xp x 10% tn s tn hiu sng mang. V vy, nu knh viba s dng tn hiu song mang 10 GHz th sau o bng thng ca n khong 100 MHz. Dy ng c th mang tn hiu ln ti 1 MHz qua 1 khong cch ngn. Cp ng trc c th lan truyn tn hiu ln ti 100 MHz. Tn s v tuyn khong t 500 KHz ti 100 MHz. Sng viba, bao gm knh v tinh, hot ng ln ti 100 GHz. H thng thng tin cp quang s dng nh sng nh song mang tn hiu, tn s nh sng khong gia 100 v 1000 THz, v vy, ngi ta c th mong i dung lng nhiu hn t h thng quang. S dng quy lut ngon tay ci cp trn, chng ta c th c lng bng thng ca lin kt thng tin cp quang l 50 THz. m t im ny, xem mi trng truyn ny theo quan im dung lng chng mang theo ng thi nh l s knh thoi m t chiu c th. Nh rng s lng sau y cng nh tn s c a ra trn, ch trnh by trnh t ln, khng phi l gi tr chnh xc. Cp ng trc n co th mang ti 13,000 knh, lin kt viba trn mt t ln ti 20,000 knh, v lin kt v tinh ln ti 100,000 knh. Tuy nhin, m t lin kt thng tin cp quang nh cp i qua i Dng TAT13, c th mang ng thi 300,000 knh thoi hai chiu. iu o gii thch ti sao h thng thng tin lin lc cp quang hnh thnh ng trc ca vin thng hin i v s hu ht nh dng tng lai ca n m t cch chnh xc. Dung lng mang thng tin ca h thng vin thng t l vi bng thng ca no m bng thng t l vi tn s sng mang. H thng thng tin lin lc cp quang s dng nh sng sng mang vi tn s cao nht trong tt c cc tn hiu thc t. y l l do ti sao h thng thng tin lin lc cp quang co dung lng mang thng tin cao nht v l l do lm cho nhng h thng ny thnh cht ca vin thng hin i. 2.2.2. c im mng truy nhp quang: Bng thng ln D nng cp Cht lng tn hiu n nh, khng b suy hao Khng b nhiu bi mi trng truyn Bo mt cao
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2.2.3. Phn loi mng truy nhp quang: 2.2.3.1. Mng quang tich cc (AON-Active Optical Network):
AON c hiu l kt ni im - im (PTP Point- to-Point) hay mng quang ti ch c c Ethernet (AOEN - Active Optical Ethernet Network), v gi l mng quang ch ng v:
- Cc thit b chuyn mch hot ng mt cch ch ng, cn cp ngun in
hot ng.
- H thng gm nhiu cp quang, mi cp cp cho mt user trong h thng
mng. AON co 2 phng thc u ni: Home run fiber v Active star ethernet.
Hinh II.3: M hi nh u n i AON[11] Home run fiber:
Hinh II.4: Phng thc u ni Home run fiber[11]

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG -
Mi user mt ng cp quang khc nhau t OLT - ONT. Cc thit b u dung in v truyn dn quang bng laser. Khong cch gia OLT (Optical Line Terminal) v ONT (Optical Network Terminal) ln ti 80km. Trin khai rt tn km do cn nhiu cp, nn gi thnh cao. ASE - Active Star Ethernet:
Hinh II.5: Phng thc u n i Active Star Ethernet[11]

-
Trong ASE, nhiu ONT c th chia s chung mt ng cp quang chnh thng qua mt im nm gia CO (Central Office) v ONT. Cc thit b chuyn mch ch ng c lp trong t cp qun l vic kt ni ca cc ONT t xa. H tr bng thng rng, vi chiu ln v chiu xung nh nhau. H tr trin khai CPE (Customer - premises equipment) rng. Trin khai n gin, chi ph thp, li nhun cao, m hnh mng n gin. Mng quang ti ch c c (PON-Passive Optical Network): C u tru c ma ng PON :
2.2.3.2.
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Hnh II.6: M hnh logic ca mng PON[8] Tng quan v PON:
PON l mng quang th ng m tt c cc thnh phn tch cc gia tng i CO v ngi s dng s khng cn tn ti. Thay vo o l cc thit b quang th ng, iu hng cc lu l ng trn mng da trn vic phn tch nng lng ca cc bc sng quang hc ti cc im u cui trn ng truyn. Vic thay th cc thit b ch ng s tit kim chi ph cho cc nh cung cp dch v v h khng cn cn n nng lng v cc thit b ch ng trn ng truyn na. Cc b ghp / tch th ng ch lm cc cng vic n thun l cho nh sng i qua hoc chn nh sng li V th, khng cn nng lng hay cc ng tc x l tn hiu no v t o, gn nh ko di v hn thi gian MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures), gim chi ph bo tr tng th cho cc nh cung cp dch v. Mt h thng mng PON bao gm cc thit b kt cui knh quang (OLT) t ti CO v b cc thit b kt cui mng quang (ONT) c t ti ngi s dng. Thit b OLT cung cp nhiu knh quang, mi knh quang c truyn trn mt tuyn cp quang, trn o co b lc (splitter). Nhim v ca b lc l thu v nhn cc tn hiu quang c nhn v pht bi OLT. Gia chng l h thng mng phn ph i quang (ODN Optical distribution network) bao gm cp quang, cc thit b ghp / tch th ng. M hnh u ni PON: Ring PON, Tree PON, Bus PON
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Hnh II.7: M hinh u ni PON[8] 2.2.3.3. So sa nh AON va PON:
2.2.3.3.1. u, nh c i m cu a AON :[11] u i m: D a va o nh ng ki thu t Ethernet tiu chu n Cp quang chuyn dng Bng thng c c a i linh hot ti a Bng thng ng b S du ng thi t bi tiu chu n IEEE gia th p Mng in t th ng minh c t ma ng bin thu bao la m n gin qu trnh khc phc s c mng Hot ng khong cch ln hn 80 Km, b t ch p s l ng thu bao Co th c xy dng trn nn tng sn co Ti t ki m hn nh ng khu v c m t thu bao th p Co th tnh ton c gi thnh lp t thu bao mi Khng yu c u nh ng k hoa ch ph c ta p cho nh ng vu ng di ch vu l n Chi phi m r ng thu bao th p b t ch p vu ng thu bao H tr ln n 1Gbps cho m i kha ch ha ng linh hot dch v ln Thu h i v n nhanh Nh c i m: Yu c u nhi u ng ca p da i Yu c u khoa ng ca ch laser l n hn
Khng chia se OLT ho c c ng quang Yu c u quy n u tin va ngu n cung c p cho cabinets Cung c p ngu n i n phn ph i cho ma ng truy nh p 2.2.3.3.2. u, nh c i m cu a ma ng PON :[11] u i m: Khng c n cung c p ngu n i n trong ma ng truy nh p Nh cung cp chia s gi thnh cp quang , chi phi l p t va chi phi l p t CO gi a nhi u kha ch ha ng khi ho chia se trn cu ng m t ca p n Gim vn v chi ph vn hnh lin kt Nng c p ho c thay i di ch vu m i chi c n thay i thi t bi u cu i v nn tng trn mi khch hng Nh c i m: Khng co kh nng lm vic chung vi loi mng PON khc Khch hng nh hng bi li lin kt nhiu hn Bng thng chia se gi i ha n bng thng cho m i thu bao Gi i ha n vu ng bao phu : t i a 20 Km phu thu c vo s b splits (cng nhi u splits thi khoa ng ca ch ca ng ng n) Khng d ba o c chi phi m r ng thu bao ti p theo C ng OLT chi ti t ki m khi phu c vu 26 ONU (chi m 81%) Khi c n OLT m i thi gia cu a cu a thu bao se tng cho n khi c ng OLT y thu bao B ta ch thu ng khng thng minh kho qua n li Km linh hot B t ng b Dung l ng gy kho khn cho ng du ng kinh doanh
2.2.3.3.3. K t lu n: T nh ng u i m va nh c i m cu a AON va PON a li t k trn , ta th y mng PON vt tr i hn AON nh ng i m sau : Mng PON khng cn phi cp ngun Chia se gia tha nh v i nhi u thu bao Khng yu c u nh ng oa n ca p da i n i t nha cung c p di ch vu n nha thu bao gim gi thnh lp t Khng du ng ca p quang chuyn du ng
PON thu hp phm vi trin khai cp quang trong tng i ni ht v vng lp ni b. PON cung cp bng thng cao nh vo s thm nhp su rng ca cp quang. Trong khi nhng gii php mng FTTB, FTTH hay FTTPC ch yu dung cp quang ni tt c cc ng dy n nh thu bao th s dng gii php FTTC l tit kim nht hi n nay. Ging nh mng im - a im, PON cho php pht video lung xung. PON d dng nng cp tc bit cao hn hay thm bc sng. Nhng li ch ca vic s dng k thut PON trong mng truy nhp cho thy vic tin hnh thc hin nhng thit k mng rt quan trng. Bi v mng truy nhp tp trung rt t lu lng t nhiu thu bao nn n c gi rt cnh tranh. V th, thit k PON khng yu cu d phng v cho php trin khai thm. Tuy ma ng PON co nh ng u i m v t tr i hn ma ng AON nhng v n co m t s nha cung c p cho n AON la gia i pha p cho ring mi nh . 2.2.4. Xu hng pht trin ca mng truy nhp quang: Xu h ng pha t tri n ma ng truy nh p quang la ph t trin mng FTTH .FTTH l cng ngh kt ni vin thng hin i trn th gii vi ng truyn dn hon ton bng cp quang t nh cung cp dch v ti tn a im ca khch hng. Tnh u vit ca cng ngh cho php thc hin tc truyn ti d li u internet xung/ln (download/upload) ngang bng vi nhau, iu m cng ngh ADSL cha thc hin c. Mi dch v trn mt kt ni:
FTTH (Fiber-to-the Home) l mt cng ngh kt ni vin thng s dng cp quang t nh cung cp dch v ti a im ca khch hng (vn phng, nh). Cng ngh ca ng truyn c thit lp trn c s d liu c truyn qua tn hiu quang (nh sng) trong si cp quang n thit b u cui ca khch hng, tn hiu c bin i thnh tn hiu in, qua cp mng i vo modem bng rng. Nh o, khch hng co th truy cp internet bng rng. FTTH c bit hiu qu vi cc dch v: Hosting Server ring, VPN (mng ring o), truyn d liu, Game Online, IPTV (truyn hnh tng tc), VoD (xem phim theo yu cu), Video Conferrence (hi ngh truyn hnh), IP Cameravi u th bng thng truyn ti d liu cao, co th nng cp ln bng thng ln ti 1Gbps, an ton d liu, n nh cao, khng b nh hng bi nhiu in, t trng...
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So snh FTTH v ADSL:
Tc upload ca FTTH vt qua ngng ca chun ADSL2+ (1Mbps) hin ti v co th ngang bng vi tc download. V vy thch hp vi vic truyn ti d liu theo chiu t trong mng khch hng ra ngoi internet. n nh v tui th cao hn dch v ADSL do khng b nh hng bi nhiu in, t trng, Kh nng nng cp tc (download/upload) d dng. Bn cnh cc ng dng nh ADSL co th cung cp dch v Triple Play (d liu, truyn hnh, thoi), vi u th bng thng vt tri, FTTH sn sng cho cc ng dng i hi bng thng cao, c bit l truyn hnh phn gii cao (HDTV) yu cu bng thng ln n vi chc Mbps, trong khi ADSL khng p ng c. n nh ngang bng nh dch v internet knh thu ring Leased -line nhng chi ph thu bao hng thng thp hn vi chc ln. y s l mt goi dch v thch hp cho nhom cc khch hng co nhu cu s dng cao hn ADSL v kinh t hn Leased-line. Xu hng tng lai:
FTTH v ang c trin khai mnh m cc nc pht trin trn th gii. Nm 2007 l nm thnh cng rc r ca FTTH vi s tng trng mnh m v s lng ng k dch v, ch tnh ring 3 nc Nht Bn, Trung Quc v M co thm khong 6 triu thu bao. Theo mt bo co mi nht ca Heavy Reading, s h gia nh s dng kt ni bng rng FTTH trn ton th gii s tng trng hng nm trn 30% cho n nm 2012 v t 89 triu h. Qu trnh chuyn i sang FTTH ang c thc hin nhiu nc, gm an Mch, Php, Hng Kng, Nht Bn, Hn Quc, Thy in, i Loan v M... Hin nay, cng ngh FTTH co khong 20 triu kt ni ton cu, trong o chu c nh gi l th trng co tim nng. Ti Vit Nam, trong xu th pht trin chung, cng co mt s nh cung cp chun b cho FTTH, trong o FPT l doanh nghip cung cp dch v u tin.
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CHNG III: MNG QUANG TH NG - PON
CHNG III: MNG QUANG TH NG (PON-PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK)

3.1 Cu trc phn lp: 3.1.1. Lp vt l: 3.1.1.1. B tch quang: gia mng quang th ng l b tch quang th ng. Thit b ny c mt ng vo v nhiu ng ra. S ng ra l 2n (v d: 2, 4, 8, ) v ngun quang c tch nhng ng ra. Theo l thuyt, ngun quang mi ng ra b gim (n x 3.5 dB) theo ng vo. B tch quang l thit b song hng. Tn hiu quang khng ch truyn t ng vo n ng ra m cn c th truyn t ng ra n cp quang ng vo. Chnh v vy m b tch thnh thong c xem nh l mt b tch / ghp. Khi tn hiu quang c chn vo mt trong nhng ng ra b tch th tn hiu s xut hin li ng vo n. Trong b tch tt, khng c xuyn m gi a cc cng ng ra va tn hiu quang suy hao mt gi tr gn bng (n x 3.5 dB) cho c hai hng. ng truyn thng tin t CO n thu bao c xem l tn hiu lung xung. ng truyn thng tin t thu bao n CO c xem nh l tn hiu lung ln. Co hai k thut ch to b tch: Hn si quang thon nh hai u (FBT - Fused Biconical Taper) v cu trc mch sng nh sng hai chiu (PLC - Planar Lightwave Circuit). B tch FBT 1x2 c ch to bng cch hn chnh xc hai si quang vi nhau. Ta t c t l tch cao hn bng cch phn tng nhiu b tch 1x2. B tch PLC gm mch quang vi m thc t c khc axit bng silic. 3.1.1.2. Hot ng cp quang n: hu ht ng dng PON, tn hiu quang lung ln v lung xung c truyn qua cng mt si quang. Bc sng ca hai tn hiu ny c th ging hoc khc nhau. Vic s dng nhng bc sng khc nhau cho tn hiu lung ln v lung xung lm gim tn hao quang ton b mng PON v vi l do ny, n tr thnh k thut c s dng ph bin nht. Thc t l tiu chun mng PON quc t s dng bc sng 1490 nm cho lung truyn xung v bc sng 1310 nm cho lung truyn ln. Tn hiu c chn hay c a ra t si quang s dng b lc ghp knh chui bc sng (CWDM - Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) CO v nh thu bao. B phi hp quang l thit b c trng cho mng PON bng cch ghp b pht laser, b thu diode v b lc CWDM vo cng mt gi. B phi hp s dng trong CO c mt laser bc sng 1490 nm v b thu bc sng 1310 nm. B phi hp s dng trong nh thu bao c mt laser bc sng 1310 nm v b thu bc sng 1490 nm.
Tn hiu bc song 1490 nm v bc song 1310 nm c truyn bng cch s dng bng tn gc hay bo hiu bt m khoa. i vi k thut tn hiu ny, s 1 c truyn khi laser m v s 0 c truyn khi laser tt. Bi v tn hiu bng tn gc cung cp cho tt c tn s nn ch c mt tn hiu trn mt bc sng. Mt khc, c s phn chia tn s ghp knh vi tn hiu bng tn gc nh ghp knh vi AM-VSB. Ngoi tn hiu bng tn gc lung ln v lung xung, PON cn c th truyn bng rng phng trn bc sng th ba. Thc t, bc sng phng ny c dng truyn video RF bc sng 1550 nm. Khng ging nh tn hiu bng tn gc, bng rng phng l mt tn hiu tng t. Trong khi n c th cha d liu tng t, d liu s hay c hai th bn thn tn hiu l tn hiu tng t. V l do ny m cng sut quang ca bc sng phng ln hn 100 ln tn hiu bng tn gc. 3.1.2. Lp vn chuyn: Chc nng giao thc PON c bn: PON l c trng kin trc duy nht m theo lung truyn xung mng PON hot ng nh mt mng im - a im v theo lung truyn ln, mng PON hot ng nh mt mng im - im. Bi v vy m nhng giao thc mng PON khc nhau pht trin theo nh ng ca ch kha c nhau ph hp vi c trng duy nht ny. Bt k giao thc PON no cng lin quan n tiu chun xc nh thit b CO v thit b thu bao. Kt cui ng truyn quang (OLT) dng cho CO v kt cui mng quang (ONT) dng cho thit b thu bao. Bi v lung truyn xung l mt mng im - a im nn giao thc mng PON cn cung cp k thut ch / t, trong o OLT l ch v ONT l t. Trong h thng kin trc ny, OLT thc hin ba chc nng ch yu sau: X l tt c OAM&P cho ONT. X l v sp xp tt c ng truyn lung ln bi ONT. Khi gi d liu lung xung, ONT dn nhn mi gi bng ID dnh cho ngi nhn OAM&P bao gm vic tha nhn ONT mi v cung cp dch v cho mng PON. No cng bao gm chc nng nh c ly. nh c ly l qu trnh tr quang gia OLT v ONT. tr quang mi ONT khc nhau v chiu di vt l ca si quang mi ONT khc nhau. OLT iu khin v sp xp tt c ng truyn ONT bng cch s dng s bng thng lung ln. S ny c cp pht cho tt c ONT. S bng thng lung ln c tp hp vi tr theo tm ca ONT bo m tt c ng
truyn lung ln c thu m khng c s chng cho v khng c nhng l hng khng cn thit. 3.2. Phn loi: 3.2.1. Mng quang thu ng bng rng (BPON Broadband PON): BPON s dng TDM cho k thut a truy nhp v ong khung d liu di dng khung ATM nn no cn c gi l ATM PON hay APON. 3.2.1.1. Cu trc phn lp ca BPON:
Hnh III.1 nu ln cu trc phn lp ca APON. Lp bn di cng, giao tip vi mng nhnh (ODN) c gi l lp mi trng vt l ( physical medium layer PML) lp ny chuyn i tn hiu in quang - in, nh hng tn hiu ti v kt ni ti mng ODN. Lp ny bao gm cc phn cng. Nhng phn cng ny phi tha mn tham s: Tc bit : Up. 155.52 Mb/s. Down 155.52 hay 622.08 Mb/s. Bc sng: Up 1260nm ti 1360nm. Down 1480 ti 1500nm. gia l lp hi t truyn dn ( transmission convergence layer- TCL). Lp hi t truyn dn ny c chia nh thnh cc lp con truyn dn PON.
Hnh III.1: Cu trc phn lp ca BPON[5]

Lp con truyn dn PON ca lp hi t truyn dn. Lp ny lm vic trn cell. Trong hng v, n bt u t tn hiu in c truyn t mi trng vt l ti, ng b cp bit v byte, cell v n nh ranh gii khung, phn tch v x l header v truyn cell ti lp cao hn. Hng ra, quy trnh s tin hnh ngc li. Lp con thch ng trong lp hi t truyn dn. y l lp thc hin ong khung cell ATM. 3.2.1.2. Cu trc khung BPON: Tc hot ng ca mng BPON ph thuc vo s i xng hay bt i xng ca mng. Mng BPON i xng hot ng tc STM-1 (155.52 Mb/s) v STM-4. i vi APON bt i xng, lung xung truyn t OLT trong CO ti thu bao khong 155.52 Mb/s ti 622.08 Mb/s. Lung ln truyn t thu bao ti CO l 155.52 Mb/s. Lung ln v lung xung c truyn trn hai knh khc nhau vi bc sng khc nhau trn cng mt si quang hoc hai si quang khc nhau. Lung BPON chiu xung truyn trn mt si quang gia 1480nm v 1580nm, v trn mt i si quang gia 1260nm v 1360nm. Chiu ln lun lun thc hin gia 1260nm v 1360nm. Tn hiu APON c truyn trong cc khe thi gian. Mt khe thi gian cha mt cell ATM hay mt cell OAM vt l ( physical layer OAM PLOAM ). Cell PLOAM c s dng mang thng tin qun l nh giao thc truyn bn tin sp xp, chn thm m v cp nht. Mi khe thi gian chiu xung c chiu di 53 byte. Mt cell PLOAM c chn vo mi 27 cell ATM. tc 155.52 Mb/s, APON gm 56 khe thi gian (vi 54 cell ATM v 2 cell PLOAM) trong mt khung lung xung. Mt khung lung ln 155.52 Mb/s c 53 khe thi gian gm 53 byte v 3 byte mo u. Bn cnh o, mi khe thi gian c th c chia thnh nhiu khe thi gian nh ti cc OLT nu cn thit. Chi tit ca cc khe thi gian nh ny c ch r trong hnh sau:
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Hnh III.2: Cu trc khung APON chiu xung ti tc 155.52 Mb/s[5] Cu trc khung ti tc 622.08 Mb/s v 1244.16 Mb/s cng tng t bng cch nhn s lng khe thi gian ln tng ng 4 v 8. Khi truyn mt cell ATM, PLOAM, hay truyn cc khe thi gian trong hng xung u c OLT kim sot thng qua cc cell PLOAM. Theo khuy n co (G.983) yu cu c t nht mt cell PLOAM cho mt ONU trong khong thi gian 100ns. Trong dng lung xung cell PLOAM ny c tc dng cho php cc ONU gi mt hay nhiu cell trong cc T-container. Cn trong hng ln, n c tc dng d on thng tin c ONU gi ti OLT bo co tnh trng ca n. Chc nng ca cell PLOAM c phn tch nh sau: Trong 5 byte u th c 4 byte c nh v 1 byte HEC cung cp ch nhn din cho PLOAM. Vung IDENT ch ra y co phi l PLOAM u tin trong khung lung xung hay khng. Hai byte ca khung Sync dung cung cp mt tn hiu ng h 1kHz tham chiu t OLT ti ONU. Phn cn li l m kim tra li CRC. Mt vng c th cho php ONU gi khung k tip ca n hay khng. ONU cng co th s dng phn ny o khong cch. MSG_PON_ID bo cho cc node t bit trong PON bit cc bn tin theo sau l dnh cho n, v MSG_ID cho bit loi bn tin.
10 byte CRC, c OLT s dng thng bo ti ONU c ly thch hp ca n. OLT c th s dng no thng bo ONU iu chnh mc cng sut pht. Byte chn parity (BIP) cho php ONU qun l tc li bit.
Cn trong cu trc khung PLOAM hng ln th 3 byte mo u cha thi gian bo v, bt u, v gii hn bt u cell.
Hnh III.3: Cu trc khung APON lung ln[5] 3.2.1.3. Kt ni trong mng BPON: Kt ni gia ONU v OLT c thit lp thng qua cc mch o ATM (VC) trong h thng APON. Dch v ATM l dch v hng kt ni. Mi VC c thit lp trong mt gi tr nhn din ng o (VPI) v mt gi tr nhn din knh o
(VCI) m chng c cu to trong lung d liu cell ca n. Ch s VPI v VCI c cung cp cc gi tr khc nhau ca tn hiu ATM cc cp khc nhau. Nhiu mch o c th tn ti trong mt ng o (VP). V lin kt ATM c nhn din bi cp ch s VPI v VCI. Hnh sau m t mt chuyn mch l tng ca ATM.
Hnh III.4: Chuyn mch BPON[2] 3.2.2. Mng quang thu ng Gigabit ( GPON - Gigabit Passive Optical Network):
GPON c pht trin da trn APON / BPON. V ATM khng cung cp cc giao thc cng nh tc mang nhng dch v ng dng tc cao. Trong khi o, Ethernet v IP li rt thnh cng trong vn ny. p ng tt hn trong s chuyn i trong k thut vin thng GPON c ra i vi dung lng Gigabit.
Vi cng cu trc vi mng APON v h tr c tc bit cao, GPON phi s dng my pht vi cng sut cao hn t c qu cng sut yu cu. iu ny ni ln rng my thu GPON cn phi x l mc cng sut cao v v th n cn phi c di ng ln hn. gim nh nhng yu cu khi vn hnh my ca OLT GPON lung ln quy nh mc cng sut v c ch cn bng cng sut ng cung cp trong mng. Trong c ch cn bng cng sut, OLT c gng cn bng cng sut m n nhn c t ONU bng cch ch th ONU tng hoc gim cng sut pht ca n. V th, mt ONU gn OLT thy suy hao trn ng truyn thp s pht ra cng sut nh hn mt ONU xa co suy hao cao hn. 3.2.2.1. Cu trc phn lp ca GPON: Hnh sau cho thy cu trc phn lp ca GPON. Cu trc ca n gm 2 lp chnh: lp ph thuc mi trng vt l v lp hi t truyn dn. Trong lp hi t truyn dn li c chia thnh cc lp con vi cc chc nng khc nhau.
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Hnh III.5: Cu trc phn lp ca GPON[4] Lp ph thuc mi trng vt l: Ging nh trong ATM PON, lp ny cng bao gm cc phn cng. N c cc c im sau: Gb/s. Bc sng : Down : 1480nm ti 1500nm. Up:1260nm ti 1360 nm. Loi tn hiu : ch dung cho tn hiu s. Lp hi t truyn dn GPON: Lp hi t truyn dn GPON (GPON transmission convergence layer GTC), chc nng chnh ca lp ny l cung cp kh nng ghp knh truyn dn gia OLT v ONU.
Tc bit: Down: 1.24416 Gb/s hay 2.48832 Gb/s Up: 0.15552 Gb/s , 0.62208 Gb/s , 1.24416 Gb/s hay 2.48832
Chc nng ca GTC c nhn ra qua cc container truyn dn hay TCONT. Mi T-CONT c OLT gn mt a ch ID i din cho mt mi lin kt gia OLT v ONU. Mt ONU c th c gn mt hoc nhiu TCONT nh trong hnh sau.
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Hnh III.6: T-CONT gia OLT v ONU[5] C 2 phng thc vn hnh khc nhau l ATM v GEM ( GPON encapsulation mode). GEM tng t nh ong khung chung. Mt T-CONT cng c th l ATM hay GEM. Mt mch o T-CONT da trn ATM c xc nh bi VPI v VCI, trong khi mch o T-CONT da trn GEM cha cc kt ni c xc nh bng s cng 12 bit.
Hnh III.7: T-CONT ATM v T-CONT GEM[4] OLT v ONU c th h tr ATM-based v GEM-based hoc kt hp c hai. Mt mng GPON s dng T-CONT ATM-based tuy nhin khng thch hp vi mng APON. V th, trong thc t hu ht cc mng GPON ch s dng T-CONT GEM-based. Lp GTC h tr xung ng h 8kHz t OLT ti ONU v tn hiu tham chiu 1kHz t OLT ti ONU bng cch s dng knh kim tra. 3.2.2.2. Cu trc khung ca GPON:
u tin, chng ta xt trong trng hp hng xung. Dng bit lung xung c ch ra trong hnh III.8 v lung ln ch ra trong hnh III.9.
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Hnh III.8: Cu trc khung GPON trong dng lung xung[4]
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Hnh III.9: Cu trc khung GPON lung ln[4] Mi khung 125s bao gm khi iu khin dng lung xung mc vt l cho 4 byte thng tin, v mt payload bao gm: S lng cell ATM.
Mc GEM: nu ln tnh trng my thu v my pht co ng b vi nhau hay khng.

Hnh III.9b nu ln cu trc ca mt PCBd bao gm: ng b mc vt l, mt vng 32 bit dng cho ONU pht hin ra u l bt u khung. Vng Ident gm 32 bit (hnh III.9c). Mc ch ca n l cho php chn mt s khung GPON gom li thnh mt nhm ln cho cc ng dng gi di qua cc khung 125 s lin tc. Chc nng ny cho php tn hiu tham kho tc bit thp ti cc chc nng cao hn m co th s dng trong tng lai. Bt u tin torng vng ny ch ra c s dng FEC (forward error correction) trong dng lung xung hay khng. Bit th 2 dung d tr, 30 bit cn li m s frame trong khung ln. V nu co hn 230 khung th 30 bit ny bt u li bt u bng 0. Lp OAM vt l trong lung xung mang bn tin lung xung h tr chc nng kim sot. nh dnh ca PLOAM c nu trong hnh III.9d. Nh ta thy, n bao gm mt byte nhn din ONU, mt byte cha bn tin ID v mt byte kim tra d tha theo chu k ca ton b khung, Bn tin ny bao gm: tr m OLT mun ONU s dng nh mt kt qu ca php tnh ton o c ly. Yu cu s serial ONU. Ch nh ID ym thi cho ONU. Yu cu ONU thit lp thng s. Disablse ONU. Bo cho ONU m ha dng d liu. Cung cp cho ONU mt khu ca n. Yu cu ONU pht sinh mt m mi, v gi n ti OLT. Lnh cho ONU thay i mc cng sut truyn. Bit xen chn l l mt byte bao gm cc bit chn l ca tt c cc byte truyn, cho php ONU kim sot tc li bit. Chiu di ti a ca payload, n khng ch c bo v bng m kim tra li CRC m cn truyn hai ln. No c th hin trong hnh III.9e. S bng thng lung ln l ni m OLT pht ti tt c ONU v a cho no lnh v cch thc truyn trong lung ln. N bao gm : N ln 8 byte nh v truy nhp, N l tng s ONU trn mng.
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3.2.3.
Mng quang thu ng Ethernet (EPON - Ethernet Passive Optical Network): EPON l cu trc truy nhp thu bao ni ht pht sinh tp hp cu trc h tng cp quang gi thp im - a im vi Ethernet. EPON c thit k mang khung Erthernet tc Ethernet tiu chun. Mt mng EPON s dng mt si quang trung k n m rng t tng i trung tm ti b chia quang th ng, sau o tri rng ti nhiu si rt quang kt ni vi nhng node thu bao. Khc vi thit b u cui, khng c thit b no trong mng yu cu ngun in, v vy no c gi l th ng. Nh cung cp ni ht quan tm ti mng quang th ng PON do nhng u im sau: c s h tng cp quang nh v thit b khng cp ngun trong thit b ngoi vi. Ngy nay, vi Erthernet pht sinh s la chn giao thc mang lu lng IP trong mng metro v mng truy nhp. Chng ta s tm hiu k hn v EPON chng sau (chng IV). Mng quang thu ng Gigabit Ethernet ( GEPON Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network):
3.2.4.
Hnh III.10: M hnh mng GEPON[13] GEPON la Gigabit EPON . H th ng GEPON c thi t k cho vi n thng s du ng . Thi t bi GEPON hoa n toa n th eo chu n IEEE 802.3ah. Lot sn phm ny c trng cho s ti ch h p cao , ng dng linh hot , qun l d dng cng nh cung c p ch c nng QoS (Quality of Service). T c ma ng quang co th ln t i 1.25 Gbit/s va m i h th ng OLT EPON co th phn b tha nh 32 ONU t xa thi t l p
mng quang th ng bng b tch quang ti a 32 ng v i u i m dung l ng l n cu a vi c truy n d li u , bo mt cao , linh hoa t ma ng m r ng , ng dng ch y u cho ma ng FTTH (Fiber To The Home ) co th truy nhp ti in thoi IP , d li u bng r ng va IPTV . c im: Tiu chu n giao th c : Hon ton theo chun IEEE 802.3ah, IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3u, IEEE802.3x, IEEE 802.3z, IEEE 802.1d,IEEE 802.1p ,IEEE 802.1q ,IEEE 802.1x,RFC1155 ,RFC1157,RFC1112,RFC1113 . Dung l ng chuy n ma ch : 16G Chi u da i t c i u chi nh bng thng : 1 Kbps h tr 4K VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) d a trn tiu chu n 802.1q cu ng co th h tr ln t i 8K i a chi MAC. GEPON la s k t h p hoa n ha o cu a ki thu t Ethernet va ki thu t ma ng quang th ng . No loi tr cch s dng nhng thit b quang tch cc gia OLT v ONU , i u na y c t gia m chi phi va giu p ba o d ng ma ng l i d dng hn . GEPON s du ng k thut WDM v no co bng thng 1 Gbps va khoa ng ca ch la m vi c ln t i 20 km.
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CHNG IV: MNG QUANG TH NG ETHERNET - EPON
CHNG IV: MNG QUANG TH NG ETHERNET (EPON ETHERNET PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK)
4.1 Nhu cu ca mng EPON: 4.1.1 So snh mng EPON v mng GPON:
Co l s khc bit ln nht gia hai giao thc l s khc nhau cu trc . GPON cung cp 3 mng lp 2: ATM cho thoi , Ethernet cho d liu v ong goi ring cho thoi . Mt khc , EPON du ng mng lp 2 n s dng IP mang d liu, thoi v video. Gii php truyn a im h tr cu trc GPON (hnh IV.1). S dng k thut ATM, nhng mch o c phn b cho nhng loi dch v khc nhau gi t v tr tng i trung tm ti user u cui kinh doanh. Kiu vn chuyn ny cung cp dch v cht lng cao, nhng bao hm c mo u bi v mch o cn c phn b cho mi loi dch v . Hn na , thit b GPON yu cu nhiu s chuyn i giao thc , phn on v ghp li (SAR segmentation and reassembly), u cui knh o (VC virtual channel) v giao thc im - im (PPP point-to-point protocol).
Hnh IV.1: Mng GPON thc t[14] EPON cung cp lin kt li n ma ch cho bt k loi truy n thng da trn n n IP hay truy n thng goi (hnh IV.2). Khi thit b Ethernet tn ti t mng gia nh trn tt c cc ng ti mng ng trc vung, quc gia v ton cu, thc hin EPON co hiu qu kinh t cao . Hn na, da vo s tin b lin tc trong tc
truyn d n da trn Ethernet by gi ln ti 10 Gigabit Ethernet mc dch v EPON cho khch hng co th t lung T1 (1.5 Mbit/s) ln ti 1 Gbit/s.
Hnh IV.2: Mng EPON thc t[14] R rng, co vi s khc bit ring gia EPON v GPON lp 2. Tuy nhin, khng ch co s khc bit k thut. Nhng nh thit k cng s tm r a nhng s khc bit theo quan im: bng thng, phm vi, hiu qu, gi thnh trn mt thu bao v qun l. S kha c nhau o th hi n nh ng y u t sau : Bng thng s dng:
Bng thng thay i gia hai giao thc : GPON co tc chi u xu ng l 1.25 Gbit/s hay 2.5 Gbit/s v bng thng chi u ln dao ng t 155 Mbit/s ti 2.5 Gbit/s. EPON phn phi bng thng i xng 1 Gbit/s. Dch v Gigabit Ethernet ca EPON thit lp 1 Gbit/s ca bng thng cho d liu v 250 Mbit/s ca bng thng cho m ha. Phng php ca EPON, nh phn tiu chun Gigabit Ethernet, ging nh phng php ca Fast Ethernet cng s dng 25% cho m hoa. Dch v 1.25 Gbit/s ca GPON xc nh bng thng s dng l 1.25 Gbit/s, khng yu cu cho m hoa . Co phi GPON s thm vo bng thng 250 Mbit/s nh l mt u im ca GPON khng ? Cu tra l i khng d a va o s so sa nh bng thng nhng trong th c t GPON v n s du ng ng ln 1.25 Gbit/s. Giao din Gigabit Ethernet cho chuyn mch tng hp, tng i trung tm, v mng metro hin l cch thc ti u cho cng truyn tc 1 Gbit. Khng co b chuyn mch t i u na o co kh nng truyn 1.25 Gbit, gi tin bng thng m
GPON thm co th mua thit b EPON . Mt khc , ng ln gi thp cho d on tng lai l Gigabit Ethernet, tc bit chnh xc ca EPON. im ny, bng thng GPON thm vo khng th chng t co li cho nh cung cp. Phm vi:
Vi mt giao thc , hn ch thc t xut pht t s l ng lin kt quang . Vi phm vi ca c hai giao thc hin ti xc nh khong cch xp x 20 km, s khc nhau tc tch s ONU c h tr bi mt OLT l mt im khc bit. GPON se h tr ln ti 128 ONU. Vi tiu chun EPON, khng hn ch s ONU. Ph thuc vo ln diode laser, khi s dng cp quang gi thp, EPON co th phn chia 32 ONU trn mt OLT, hoc 64 vi sa li chuyn tip (FEC forward error correction). Gi thnh trn mt thu bao:
S dng EPON cho php nh cung cp loi tr thit b ATM v S ONET mc tin v phc tp v n gin mng, gi thnh thp hn cho thu bao. Gi thit b EPON xp x 10% gi thit b GPON v thit b EPON nhanh chong tr thnh gi cnh tranh vi VDSL. Hiu qu mi tiu chun:
Vi hai giao th c PON , ph n ma o u c thm vo c nh truyn d liu ng i du ng dng goi . Trong EPON, truyn d liu xy ra goi co chiu di thay i ln ti 1518 byte cung vi giao thc IEEE 802.3 cho Ethernet. Trong ATM PON, bao gm c GPON, truyn d liu xy ra cell 53 byte co chiu di c nh (vi 48 byte d li u v 5 byte ma o u ) nh giao thc ATM xc nh. nh dng ny khng hiu qu cho GPON mang lu lng nh dng cung vi IP, nhng cuc gi truyn d liu ny c phn on thnh nhng goi co chiu di thay i 65,535 byte. i vi mng GPON mang lu lng IP, cc goi b chia thnh nhng on 48 byte vi 5 byte header cho mi on. Qu trnh ny tn nhiu thi gian v phc tp v thm chi ph cho OLT tng i trung tm cng nh ONU a vo nh khch hng. Hn na, 5 byte bng thng b lng ph cho mi on 48 byte, to ra mt mo u c xem nh chi phi pha i tra cho cell ATM. ( y l trng hp vi ch ong goi ATM ca GPON ). nhng ch ong goi khc , c gi l GEM , chi phi pha i tra cho cell ATM khng c ng dng. Ngc li , s dng goi co chiu di thay i, Ethernet mang lu lng IP v co th gim ng k mo u lin quan ti ATM. Mt nh nghin cu cho rng
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khi phn phi kch thc goi 3 ch , mo u ong goi goi Ethernet l 7.42 % trong khi mo u ong goi goi ATM l 13.22%. Thm vo o, khi khung Ethernet cha t l d liu cho mo u cao hn GPON, s p dng cao co th c a ra trong khi s dng cp quang gi thp. nh thi cho kt qu GPON cng chnh xc th gi cp quang cng t. Cp quang chnh xc cao bt bu c l mt phn ca tiu chun GPON. Qun l h thng:
EPON yu cu h thng qun l n, tri vi ba h thng qun l cho ba giao thc lp 2 GPON , ngha l nhng kt qu EPON trong tng chi ph thp hn quyn s hu. EPON cng khng yu cu s chuyn i a im. GPON khng h tr dch v multicast, a ra h tr cho video IP hn l chi phi bng thng. H tr overlay CATV:
C hai giao thc h tr overlay truyn hnh cp CATV , a ra yu cu cho dch v video chi u xu ng tc cao . Bc song EPON l 1490 nm chi u xu ng v 1310 nm chi u ln , b li bc song 1550 nm cho overlay CATV ging bc song cho BPON v GPON. M ha: . Tuy nhin , m ha
Vi GPON , m hoa l mt phn ca tiu chun ITU GPON ch co chi u xu ng.
Mt khc, EPON s dng c cu da vo tiu chun m hoa m rng ( AES Advanced Encryption Standard), c h tr bi nhiu nh cung cp. Hn na, m hoa EPON co c chi u xu ng va chi u ln . Bo v mng:
C hai giao thc cung cp chc nng bo v song mang c th v nh khch hng c th . iu ny bao gm h tr chc nng v n ha nh , qun tr v bo dng song mang c th v nh khch hng c th. 4.1.2 Kt lun:
EPON l s kt hp gia mng truy cp quang th ng PON v ki thu t Ethernet nn n mang u im ca c hai tiu chu n ny . Vic trin khai EPON mang li li ch rt to ln bao gm: Bng thng cao hn: EPON s cung cp bng thng cao nht cho ngi dng trong bt k h thng truy cp quang th ng no. Tc lu lng hng
xung l 1Gbps v lu lng ln t 64 ONU c th vt qu 800 Mbps. Vi kh nng cung cp bng thng rt ln nh vy, EPON c mt s li ch sau: o o o o S lng thu bao trn mt mng PON ln. Bng thng trn mi thu bao nhiu. Kh nng cung cp video. Cht lng dch v tt hn.
Chi ph u t thp hn: H thng EPON ang khc phc gia chi ph v hiu sut bng si quang v cc linh kin Ethernet. EPON cung cp cc chc nng v c tnh si quang vi gi c th so snh c vi DSL. Hn na, vic gim chi ph t c nh kin trc n gin, hiu qu hot ng cao v chi ph bo dng thp. EPON chuyn giao nhng c hi gim gi sau: o Loi tr nhng phn t ATM v SONET phc tp, t . o Cc linh kin quang th ng s du ng lu gi m c chi ph bo dng. o Nhng giao din Ethernet chun loi tr nhu cu cho DSL v Modem cp b sung. Nhiu li nhun hn: EPON c th h tr ng thi cc dch v thoi, d liu v video, cho php nh cung cp nng cao dch v bng rng v linh hot. Ngoi ra, no cng cung cp cc dch v truyn thng nh POTS, T1, 10/100 BaseT, h tr cc dch v trn nn ATM, TDM v SONET. 4.2 Tiu chun mng EPON: IEEE thnh lp mt nhm nghin cu c cuc hp u tin vo thng 1 nm 2001. EFM nhanh chng tr thnh mt trong nhng nhm nghin cu c tham gia nhiu nht. Nhm nghin cu EFM tp trung va o vic a Ethernet vo vng lp thu bao ni b theo nhng yu cu ca mng truy nhp dn c v mng truy nhp thng nghip. Trong khi iu ny c th tr thnh nhim v n gin th thc t nhng yu cu ca nh cung cp tng i ni ht la i khc v i nhng yu cu ca mng x nghip t nhn trong vic thit k Ethernet. pht trin Ethernet cho mng thu bao ni ht, nhm nghin cu EFM tp trung vo 4 tiu chun chnh: Ethernet qua cp ng Ethernet qua cp quang im - im (P2P) Ethernet qua cp quang im - a im (P2MP) (c xem nh mng EPON) Vn hnh, qun l v bo dng (OAM)
Tm quan trng ca EFM cp quang v cp ng u nh gi cho cng ngh first mile v chu ng h p vi nhau bng h thng OAM chung, c bit l co tm nhn tt do n cho php nhn vin vn hnh mng ni b la chn Ethernet s dng nn phn cng v qun l chung. mi tiu chu n ny , c im lp vt l mi c bn lun v thng qua a ra nhng yu cu ca nh cung cp dch v trong khi vn lu tr tnh ton vn ca Ethernet. pht trin ti ny, nhm nghin cu phi chng t rng nhng c i m k thut tha mn 5 ch tiu sau y: Tim nng th trng rng Tng thch vi cu trc 802 bao gm vic bc cu v c s d liu thng tin qun l (MIB Management Information Base) Nhn dng ring bit, v d nh: s khc bit t nhng tiu chun IEEE 802 khc Tnh kh thi k thut Tnh kh thi kinh t 4.3 Phm vi hot ng: Phm vi hot ng ca IEEE 802.3 b gii hn bi hai lp thp nht ca m hnh tham chiu OSI l: lp vt l v lp lin kt d liu. Mi lp ny c chia thnh nhng lp con v giao din. Hnh IV.3 a ra nhng lp con v nhng giao din xc nh cho nhng thit b Ethernet hot ng tc d liu 1 Gbps.
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Hnh IV.3: Mi quan h gia m hnh phn lp IEEE 802.3 v m hnh tham chiu OSI[3] IEEE 802.3 s dng s phn cp lp vt l sau y (t lp con thp nht n lp con cao hn): Giao din ph thuc mi trng (MDI Medium Dependent Interface) ch ra nhng tn hiu mi trng vt l v giao din c in gia mi trng truyn v thit b lp vt l. Lp con mi trng vt l ph thuc (PMD Physical Medium Dependent) chu trch nhim cho vic ch nh giao din trong mi trng truyn. PMD ch t trn MDI. Lp con gn vi mi trng vt l (PMA Physical Medium Attachment) cha nhng chc nng truyn dn, thu, phc hi xung ng h v ng chnh pha.
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Lp con m ha vt l (PCS Physical Coding Sublayer) cha nhng chc nng gii m bit d liu vo nhng nhm m ha c th c truyn qua mi trng vt l. Giao din mi trng gigabit c lp (GMII Gigabit Media Independent Interface) a ra giao din gia lp MAC c kh nng giagabit v lp vt l gigabit (PHY Physical Layer). Mc ch ca giao din ny l cho php nhiu thit b u cui d liu (DTE Data Terminal Equipment) trn ln vi nhiu thit b lp vt l tc gigabit. Lp con ti gii iu (RS Riconciliation Sublayer) cung cp vic nh x tn hiu GMII vo nhng nh ngha dch v iu khin truy nhp mi trng. Lp lin kt d liu bao gm cc lp con sau y ( t lp thp hn n lp cao hn): Lp con iu khin truy nhp mi trng xc nh chc nng c lp mi trng chu trch nhim cho vic truyn d liu n lp vt l v t lp vt l. Nhn chung, lp con MAC xc nh vic ong goi d liu (ong khung, lp a ch v pht hin li) v truy nhp mi trng (pht hin xung t v x ly tr ). Lp con iu khin MAC l lp con t chn thc hin iu khin thi gian thc v th c hi n thao tc v n hnh lp con MAC. c im cu trc iu khin MAC cho php b sung nhng chc nng mi vo tiu chun trong tng lai. Lp con iu khin lin kt logic (LLC Logic Link Control) ch ra phn c lp truy nhp mi trng ca lp lin kt d liu. Lp con ny ngoi phm vi ca chun IEEE 802.3. L p con LLC hoa t ng nh m t giao di n gi a l p con MAC va l p ma ng . No ging vi nhng mi trng v t ly khc nh: Ethernet, Token Ring va WLAN (Wide Local Area Network). Nhom tc v ph im a im tp trung vo nhng lp thp hn ca mng EPON. Cng vic xc nh c u trc ma ng EPON chia thnh nh ng c i m nh : c im lp con ph thuc mi trng vt l, c im giao thc P2MP v m rng ti gii iu, m ha vt l v nhng lp con gn mi trng vt l. 4.4 Nguyn tc hot ng: Chun IEEE 802.3 nh ngha hai cu hnh c bn cho mt mng Ethernet. Mt cu hnh trong o cc trm s dng chung mi trng truyn dn vi giao thc
a truy nhp sng mang c pht hin xung t (CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) v cu hnh cn li, cc trm s giao tip vi nhau thng qua mt chuyn mch s dng cc tuyn kt ni im - im v song cng. Tuy nhin, EPON c mt s c tnh khin cho n khng th trin khai trn mt trong hai cu hnh ny m thay vo o ta phi kt hp c hai. hng xung, EPON hot ng nh mt mng qung b. Khung Ethernet c truyn bi OLT qua b chia quang th ng n tng ONU (vi N trong khong t 4 n 64). ONU s lc b cc gi tin khng phi l ca n nh vo a ch MAC (Media Access Control) trc khi truyn cc gi tin cn li n ngi dng.
Hnh IV.4: Lu lng hng xung trong EPON[3] hng ln, v c tnh nh hng ca b kt hp quang th ng, khung d liu t bt k ONU no ch n OLT v khng n cc ONU khc. Trong trng hp o, hng ln: c tnh ca EPON ging nh c u trc i m - im. Tuy nhin, khng ging nh mng im - im tht s, cc khung d liu trong EPON t cc ONU khc nhau c truyn ng thi vn c th b xung t. V vy, hng ln (t ngi dung n mng), ONU cn s dng mt vi c ch trnh xung t d liu v chia se dung l ng knh quang hp l. y, lung d liu hng ln c phn b theo thi gian.
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Hnh IV.5: Lu lng hng ln trong EPON[3] Nu khng c khung no trong b m in vo khe thi gian th 10 bit c tnh rng s c truyn. S sp xp nh v khe thi gian hp l c th nh v tnh (TDMA c nh) hot ng da vo hng i tc thi trong tng ONU (thc hin thng k). C nhiu m hnh nh v nh l nh v da vo quyn u tin ca d liu, i nh vi da vo cht lng dch v (QoS Quality of Service) hay i nh vi da vo mc dch v cam kt (SLAs - Service Level Agreements). 4.5 Xu hng pht trin mng EPON: Co kh nng pht trin theo hai hng : Truy nh p h u tuy n:
Truy nh p h u tuy n t EPON se pha t tri n ln ca c c u tru c kha c co th a p ng nhi u di ch vu hn.
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Hnh IV.6: Hng pht trin hu tuyn ca EPON in hnh, Nht Bn ng dng cng ngh FTTH t rt sm v pht trin theo hng EPON. Hin nay, do s bung n thng tin, Nht Bn ang co nhu cu pht trin ln GEPON.
Hnh IV.7: S bng n thng tin ca Nht Bn

Truy nhp v tuyn:
Cc k thut truy nhp quang co u im v bng tn ln, tuy nhin, no i hi chi ph cao co th trin khai ti tng nh. Ngc li, k thut truy nhp v tuyn li co chi ph trin khai thp. Mt u im quan trng ca cc k thut v tuyn l h tr di ng. Tuy nhin, cc k thut v tuyn noi chung b gii hn v ph tn v tuyn v phi chia s gia cc ngi dung. Ngoi ra, cc h thng v tuyn thng s dng si quang kt ni gia cc trm truy nhp t phn tn vi trm trung tm. S kt hp gia mng quang th ng EPON v WiMAX l mt gii php hp dn cho mng truy nhp bng rng. S kt hp ny cho php hai k thut co th b sung cho nhau trn nhiu phng din. Vic s dng mt mng EPON kt ni nhiu WiMAX-BS to ra s kt hp tt v phn cp bng thng. Trong bi bo ny, bn kin trc hp nht c c trnh by. S hp nht ny gip hin thc hoa s hi t di ng c nh v em li nhiu im hp dn. Trc ht, s hp nht cho php thc hin hiu qu vic phn b bng thng v lp lch goi, gip t c hiu sut s dng bng thng v h tr QoS tt hn. Ngoi ra, s hp nht co th n gin hoa vn hnh mng (v d, hot ng chuyn giao). Hn na, s hp nht co th cho php mt mng quang th ng mang ng thi hai kiu mng truy nhp khc nhau v cung cp c dch v truy nhp bng rng di ng ln c nh. Cui cung, s hp nht ca EPON v WiMAX s em li hy vng tit kim chi ph vn hnh v thit k cho mng truy nhp bng rng th h mi.
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CHNG V: GIAO THC IU KHIN A IM (MPCP) TRONG EPON
CHNG V: GIAO TH C I U KHI N A I M (MPCP MULTIPOINT CONTROL PROTOCOL) TRONG EPON

5.1 Cu tru c khung MPCP : Khung MPCP th ng c no i n nh n vi d li u MPCP (MPCPDUs MPCP Data Units). MPCP xa c i nh nm ba n tin s d ng trao i thng tin gi a OLT va ONU : GATE, REPORT, REGISTER_REQ, REGISTER va REGISTER_ACK. T t ca MPCPDU la khung i u khi n bao g m nh ng vu ng sau (hnh IV.1): i a chi i ch (DA Destination Address): Tr ng i a chi i ch khung i u khi n MAC ch a 48 bit i a chi tra m ch a khung o . Ngoi tr bn tin REGISTER, t t ca MPCPDU s du ng 48 bit i a chi multicast phn cng toa n c u 01-80-C2-00-00-0116. Khung REGISTER s du ng i a chi MAC ring cu a ONU i ch.
Hinh V.1: i nh da ng chung khung MPCP[3] i a chi ngu n (SA Source Address): Tr ng i a chi ngu n khung i u khi n i a chi MAC ch a 48 bit i a chi ring cu a tra m g i khung . Trong thi t bi OLT, ch c nng m phng topo logic (LTE Logic Topology Emulation) phn gi i giao di n mi tr ng gigabit c l p (GMII) ring v i nhi u tr ng h p i a chi MAC va nh ng tr ng h p na y co th c ga n i a chi duy nh t . Nh ng khung b t u thi t bi OLT nn s du ng i a chi ngu n k t h p v i tr ng h p i a chi MAC truy n kh ung. Chi u da i/ loi: Tr ng chi u da i / loi khung iu khin MAC l vung 2 octet ch a gia tri h th p lu c 88-08. Gi tr ny c gn ton cu xc nh khung i u khi n MAC . M hot ng : Tr ng ma hoa t ng xa c i nh khung i u khi n i a chi MAC cu th nh: 00-0116: PAUSE
00-0216: GATE 00-0316: REPORT 00-0416: REGISTER_REQ 00-0516: REGISTER 00-0616: REGISTER_ACK a nh d u th i gian : Tr ng a nh d u th i gian mang gia tri xung ng h MPCP tng ng v i truy n byte u tin cu a DA . Gi tr nh du thi gian c du ng ng b xung ng h MPCP trong OLT va ONU . Tr ng xa c i nh ma hoa t ng : Tr ng na y mang thng tin tng ng v i ch c nng MPCP cu th . Ph n payload k hng c tr ng xa c i nh ma hot ng s dng nn c thm 0 vo. Chu i ki m tra khung (FCS Frame Check Sequence): Tr ng FCS mang gia tri CRC -32 m MAC s dng kim li tnh nguyn vn ca khung c nh n. 5.1.1. Khung i u khi n REPORT : Bn tin REPORT c ONU s dng bo co trng thi hng i ni b n OLT. i nh da ng khung REPORT c th hi n hi nh V.2.
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Hinh V.2: i nh da ng khung REPORT[3] 5.1.1.1. Bo co hng i #n: Bn tin REPORT truyn chi u di hng i ln n 8 hng, a i di n b i tr ng ba o ca o ha ng i #n. Chi u da i ha ng i c ba o ca o nn c i u chi nh gii thch li m u khung cn thit , khong cch lin khung v mo u ch n l FEC mc d u d liu b sung ny khng th tn ti t nhin trong hng i . M t khc, tr ng na y khng a i di n chi u da i ha ng i th c nhng ki ch th c c a s truy n o i ho i truy n d li u d tr trong ha ng i. 5.1.1.2. Chui bo co t ng h p bit : Hng i bo co c xc nh bi chui bo co tng hp bit - tr ng 8 bit trong o 1 bit vi tri n a i di n ha ng i #n. Bit n b t ln 1 ch ra trng bo co hng i #n t n ta i trong khi ba o ca o ha ng i #n khng t n ta i. 5.1.1.3. S b ha ng i: N u ONU ba o ca o t ng chi u da i ha ng i thi OLT se c p mt khe th i gian nh hn khe thi gian m ONU yu cu , n u khng n s ch nh mt khe th i gian ln khng cn x ng t i ONU . Nu thi u hiu bit v c u ta o ha ng i thi OLT khng th c p 1 khe th i gian nho hn phu h p chi nh xa c v i s khung . Khi khung
Ethernet khng c chia thi mt khung khng khi t trong ph n co n la i khe se c hon li ti khe thi gian k ti p, li phn d khng dung trong khe thi gian hi n ta i. x ly tr ng h p na y , bn tin REPORT cha nhiu b hng i . M i b hng i bo co chiu di tch lu (bao g m ca mo u) ca mt b go i ha ng i ph, lun lun b t u t ph n u cu a ha ng i . N u OLT khng th c p toa n b chi u da i ha ng i thi no co th cho n chi u da i khe b ng v i b t ki gia tri ba o ca o no, v khe thi gian nh th s khng lng ph bng thng nh va o s pha c hoa goi. Tiu chu n hi m h v ca ch xa c i nh b go i phu . Y kin u tin c nhom tc v EFM tho lun v thng qua cho rng vi ngng c chi i nh cho m i ha ng i . Sau o , chi u da i ha ng i c ba o ca o b ng v i chi u da i t t ca cc goi (bao g m ca mo u) khng v t qua ngng. Hnh V.3a cho th y mt v d gi tr bo co cho ba hng i v hai ngng. Hnh V.3a cho thy cu to v im bt u hng i c ngng T1 = 2000 v ngng T2 = 4000. Hnh V.3b cho thy cc gi tr bo co ca hng i m ta nhn c.Tuy nhin, khi ba n tin REPORT c DBA pha t ra ngoa i pha m vi tiu chu n thi vic xc nh cho nhiu ngng khng bao gi c a ra.
Hinh V.3a: C u ta o va im ngng hng i
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Hinh V.3b: Gi tr bo co Hinh V.3:Vi d v cu to v gi tr bo co ca hng i[3] S b ha ng i t i a trong ba n tin REPORT phu thu c va o s l ng bao nhiu hng i c bo c o. a ra ha n ch 64 byte trong chi u da i ba n tin REPORT , mt ONU ba o ca o 8 hng i co th co ti hai ngng trn mt hng i nh hnh V.4a. Gi m ch co mt hng i co th hot ng ONU th no co th bo co ln ti 13 ngng nh hi nh V.4b.
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Hinh V.4: i nh da ng khung REPORT co s ha ng i c ba o ca o va b ha ng i khc nhau[3]

5.1.2. Khung i u khi n GATE : Khung i u khi n GATE co vai tro ke p: bn tin GATE phc hi c dung qung b khe phc hi cho tt c ONU khng khi to v bn tin GATE chun c dung cp c hi truyn ti mt mng n , phc hi ONU ri . Bn tin GATE d dng xc nh nh hai bn tin ring bit (co nhng m hot ng khc nhau ). V i nh ng ly do kha c nhau , nhom tc v quyt nh gi no nh mt bn tin n v phn bi t ca ch s du ng co du ng y cu a ba n tin (phc hi vi bnh thng ) s du ng tr ng b sung trong payload. Hnh V.5 cho thy s i nh da ng bn tin GATE phc hi v bn tin GATE chu n.
Hinh V.5: i nh da ng ba n tin GATE: (a) GATE phu c h i va (b) GATE chu n[3] 5.1.2.1. S grant/c :
M i c a s truy n hay grant truy n c a i di n b i c p {startTime,length}. M t ba n tin GATE c o th cha ti 4 grant. S tr ng grant / c chi i nh s grant chnh xc trong bn tin GATE cho c ng nh vi thng tin b sung c tom tt trong hnh V.6.
Hnh V.6: S trng grant / c [3] S tr ng grant / c ph ch nh s grant trong ba n tin GATE . Gi tr hp l l t 0 n 4. Bn tin GATE co 0 grant khng ga n c c a s truy n t i ONU va ch c dung nh my moc duy tr . Bit GATE phu c h i / chu n chi i nh mu c i ch va i nh da ng payloa d ba n tin . Khi b t ln 1, tr ng na y chi ra r ng khung la GATE phu c h i trong khi no la GATE chu n. Bo co nhom l mt nh x bit ch nh rng OLT c yu c u ONU truy n bn tin REPORT trong bt k grant gn no hay khng . M i bit trong a nh xa bit bo co nhom tng ng vi mt grant ring nh sau : bit 4 tng ng v i grant 1, bit 5 tng ng v i grant 2, bit 6 tng ng v i grant 3 v bit 7 tng ng v i grant 4. Th c t , n u OLT yu c u REPORT t ONU trong grant #n, OLT nn tng chi u da i grant ny thch ng vi bn tin REPORT ph . N u OLT c p chi nh xa c chi u da i ma ONU yu c u tr c thi ba n tin REPORT t ONU se u tin mt trong nh ng khung d li u tr c . N u khung u tin co chi u da i l n hn chi u da i khung REPORT thi khe c c p se co ph n d khng du ng va va i bng thng bi lng ph. ONU cu ng cho phe p pha t ring ba n tin REPORT ma khng c n OLT yu c u no . Bn tin GATE phc hi lun lun mang grant ring. Bn tin ny co bit GATE phc hi / chu n b t ln 1 v khng co bit bo co nhom no bt ln . Do o , trong GATE phu c h i, s tr ng grant / c lun lun co gia tri 0916. 5.1.2.2. Th i gian kh i u grant #n: Tr ng th i gian kh i u grant #n a i di n cho gia tri xung ng h MPCP n i b cu a ONU v tr ONU b t u m laser. Gi tr tr ng na y a i di n cho n v ca TQ . N u ba n tin GATE ch a nhi u hn mt grant th tt c grant trong ba n tin c th i gian kh i u s p x p . Tuy nhin , khng yu c u na o t n ta i cho nh ng grant c phn ph i trong nh ng ba n tin GATE kha c nhau , do o OLT co th ga n grant cho ONU theo th t kha c v i th t trong nh ng grant ny kch hot ONU.
Trong ba n tin GATE phu c h i , s sng t gi tr thi gian khi u grant khc nhau: th i gian laser nn m , tr ng na y gia i thi ch cho th i gian ma laser co th m . ONU khng kh i ta o se ch s tri hoa n ng u nhin tr c khi phu c a p trong khe phu c h i . V th, n u s tri hoa n ng u nhin na y la 0 th laser s bt ln ti mt lc no o sau khi thi gian khi u c qung b. 5.1.2.3. Chi u da i ch ng th #n:
Tr ng chi u da i grant #n a i di n c ho chi u da i truy n ONU . Chi u da i na y o trong TQ va bao g m nh ng khoa ng th i gian c n thi t b t laser ln (Ton), pht chui ng b cn thit cho my thu OLT iu chnh li (TAGC) v ng b xung ng h ma y thu (TCDR) v cui cung tt laser (Toff). Hnh IV .6 m ta c u trc grant v mi quan h ca no vi gi tr chiu di grant.
Hinh V.7: C u tru c grant[3] Trong ba n tin GATE phu c h i , s sng t tr ng chi u da i grant khc nhau . phc p li bn tin GATE phc hi , ONU khng kh i ta o se gi laser m u lu truy n ba n tin REGISTER _REQ. Gi tr chiu di grant c ONU du ng tnh ton phm vi cho php ti a cho s tr hon ngu nhin ng dng cho ng truy n. V d , n u th i gian truy n REGISTER _REQ bao g m Ton, TAGC, TCDR v Toff l T TQ, sau o s tri hoa n ng u nhin co th c cho n trong khoa ng [0:grantLengthT]. R rng, mc ch y l bo m rng ONU khn g bao gi truy n qua th i gian k t thu c khe th i gian grantStartTime + grantLength. 5.1.2.4. Th i gian ng b :
Tr ng th i gian ng b chi t n ta i trong GATE phu c h i . My thu ch nhom khc nhau OLT co th yu cu khong cch AG C va CDR kha c nhau . ci thin hiu qu EPON khi s du ng my thu tc cao, OLT s du ng tr ng th i gian ng b qua ng ba cho ONU t ng th i gian ca AGC va CDR ma ma y thu ca no yu cu . Theo tiu chu n IEEE 802.3ah, th i gian TAGC khng nn v t qua 400ns. Khong thi gian TCDR bao gm 2 thnh phn : ng b bit va hi u chi nh m nhom . Khong thi gian ng b bit khng lu hn 400ns. Hi u chi nh ma
nhom cho php thi gian ng b l 832ns hay 52 TQ. ONU chi nn truy n ma nhom ri trong sut thi gian ng b . 5.1.3. Khung i u khi n REGISTER _REQ: Bn tin REGISTER _REQ c ONU khng kh i ta o du ng phu c a p GATE phu c h i . Khi OLT nh n c ba n tin REGISTER _REQ t ONU , no nghin cu phn thng tin chnh nh: vng quay thi gian t ONU v a ch MAC ca ONU . ONU c ng ki cu ng co th b t ngu n t ba n tin REGISTER OLT xoa s . i nh da ng ba n tin na y c th hi n trong hi nh V.8. _REQ yu c u
Hinh V.8: i nh da ng khung REGISTER_REQ[3] 5.1.3.1. C :
Gi tr trng c ch nh rng bn tin REGISTER _REQ yu c u ng ky (c = 1) hay xoa s (c = 3). T t ca nh ng gia tri kha c cu a tr ng c c d tr . OLT nn bo qua t t ca ba n tin REGISTER_REQ c nh n trong tr ng c nh n mt trong nh ng gia tri d tr . 5.1.3.2. Ch grant:
Khi ONU nh n ba n tin GATE , no lu tr tham s grant nh: th i gian kh i u, chi u da i , d u hi u ba o ca o ta c vu va c phu c h i cho n khi xung ng h MPCP n i b a t n gia tri th i gian kh i u grant. Tr ng ch grant ch nh ti OLT dung l ng m cu a ONU d tr grant tng lai . OLT , nhn gi tr tr ng ch grant p ng t i DBA khng a ra grant n i b t hn ONU co th m. T t ca grant n i b t hn qua gia tri ch grant s b ONU loi b.
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5.1.4.
Khung i u khi n REGISTER :
Bn tin REGISTER c OLT dung gn gi tr chng thc lin kt logic (LLID Logical Link Identifier) duy nh t cho ONU m i c phu c h i . Trong t t c MPCPDU , bn tin REGISTER l bn tin duy nht s dng a ch MAC ca ONU nh DA . Bn tin ny ch dnh cho ONU ring , no c truyn trc khi lin k t logic t i ONU na y c thi t l p. Do o , bn tin REGISTER c truyn vi LLID qua ng ba v i i a chi MAC ring . Hn n a , OLT co th g i ba n tin REGISTER t i ONU a c ng ky , xo b ONU ny hay yu cu ONU lp li th thut ng k . Nh ng ba n tin n h th se c g i trn nh ng lin k t logic n h ng a c thi t l p va co th dung a ch a hng gn ton cu 48 bit 01-80-C2-00-00-0116. i nh da ng ba n tin REGISTER c th hi n hi nh V.9.
Hinh V.9: i nh da ng khung REGISTER[3] 5.1.4.1. C ng ga n:
Tr ng c ng ga n mang gia tri LLID ga n cho ONU a cho . Gi tr ny l duy nh t trn mt mng EPON . M t khi LLID c ga n cho ch c nng LTE trong ONU va c ng tng ng OLT th lin k t logic n h ng gi a OLT va ONU c ta o ra. 5.1.4.2. C :
Tr ng c xa c i nh nhng h ng d n ng ky cu th t i ONU . Tr ng na y co th mang nhng gi tr sau y : ng ky la i : ONU a c ng ky c yu c u ng ky la i.
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Xo s : ONU a c ng ky c yu c u gia i toa LLID va chuy n ti p t i tra ng tha i khng kh i ta o . Sau khi xoa s , ONU co th tham gia va o thu thu t t phu c h i l n n a. Ack: Tc nhn phc hi OLT tha nhn s ng k thnh cng ca ONU. Nack: Tc nhn phc hi OLT t chi ng k ti ONU . ONU v n trng thi khng khi to . T t ca gia tri tr ng c kha c c d tr . ONU nn bo qua t t ca ba n tin REGISTER c nh n trong khi tr ng c mang mt trong nh ng gia tr d tr. 5.1.4.3. Th i gian ng b :
S xa c i nh tr ng na y gi ng v i xc nh tr ng th i gian ng b cho ba n tin GATE phu c h i . Tuy nhin, tiu chu n khng yu c u gia tri th i gian ng b trong ba n tin REGISTER tng ng v i gia tri th i gian ng b trong GATE phu c h i. OLT se yu c u th i gian ng b l n hn trong GATE phu c h i . M t khi phc p u tin t ONU (v d : bn tin REGISTER _REQ) c nh n , OLT co th i nh la i ch t l ng ti n hi u thu va co th gia m th i gian ng b , ch ng ha n nh: tn hiu cht lng tt cho php thi gian TCDR ng n hn. 5.1.4.4. Ch grant gi v :
Tr ng ch grant gi v th a nh n v i ONU la DBA trong OLT ch p nh n s grant n i b t t i a ma ONU co th lu tr . Noi mt cch nghim khc , tr ng na y khng c n thi t do no mang nh ng thng tin khng du ng . 5.1.5. Khung i u khi n REGISTER _ACK: Bn tin REGISTER _ACK phu c vu nh mt s th a nh n ng ky cu i cu ng ca ONU . No l MPCPDU u tin m ONU truyn i trn mt lin k t logic thi t l p m i. i nh da ng ba n tin REGISTER _ACK c th hi n hi nh V.10.
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Hinh V.10: i nh da ng khung REGISTER_ACK[3] 5.1.5.1. C : ONU . Tr ng na y co th
Tr ng c xa c i nh phu c a p ng ky cu th t mang nh ng gia tri sau :
Nack: Tc nhn phc hi ONU t chi ng k . ONU v n tra ng tha i khng kh i ta o. Ack: Tc nhn phc hi ONU tha nhn s ng k thnh cng .
T t ca nh ng gia tri tr ng c kha c c d tr . OLT nn bo qua t t ca ba n tin REGISTER_ACK c nh n trong khi tr ng c mang mt trong nh ng gia tri lu tr . 5.1.5.2. C ng ga n gi v : Tr ng c ng ga n d i v mang ba n sao che p cu a gia tri c ng ga n nh n tro bn tin REGISTER . 5.1.5.3. Th i gian ng b d i v : Tr ng th i gian ng b gi v mang ba n sao che p cu a gia tri th i gian ng b c nh n trong ba n tin REGISTER . 5.2. Giao th c i u khi n a i m (MPCP Multipoint Control Protocol): h tr vic nh v khe thi gian bi OLT, giao thc MPCP ang c nhm IEEE 802.3ah pht trin. MPCP khng xy dng mt c ch phn b bng tn c th, m thay vo o, no l mt c ch h tr thit lp cc thut ton phn b bng tn khc nhau trong EPON. Giao thc ny da vo hai bn tin Ethernet: GATE v REPORT. Bn tin GATE c gi t OLT n ONU n nh mt khe
ng
thi gian truyn. Bn tin REPORT c ONU s dng truyn t cc thng tin v trng thi hin ti ca no (nh mc chim d ca b m) n OLT, gip OLT c th phn b khe thi gian mt cch hp l. C hai bn tin GATE v REPORT u l cc khung iu khin MAC (loi 88-08) v c x l bi lp con iu khin MAC. C hai m hnh hot ng ca MPCP: t khi to v hot ng bnh thng. Trong m hnh t khi to c dung d cc kt ni ONU mi, nhn bit tr Round-trip v a ch MAC ca ONU o. Trong m hnh bnh thng c dng phn b c hi truyn dn cho tt c cc ONU c khi to. T nhiu ONU c th yu cu khi to cng mt lc, m hnh khi to t ng l mt th tc da vo s cnh tranh. lp cao hn no lm vic nh sau: 1. OLT ch nh mt khe khi to, mt khong thi gian m khng c ONU khi to trc no c php truyn. Chiu di ca khe khi to ny phi ti thiu l: <transmission size> + <maximum round-trip time> - <minimum round-trip time>; vi <transmission size> l chiu di ca ca s truyn m mt ONU khng khi to c th dng. 2. OLT gi mt bn tin khi to GATE bo hiu thi gian bt u ca khe khi to v chiu di ca n. Trong khi chuyn tip bn tin ny t lp cao hn n lp MAC, MPCP s gn nhn thi gian c ly theo ng h ca n. 3. Ch cc ONU cha khi to mi p ng bn tin khi to GATE. Trong lc nhn bn tin khi to GATE, mt ONU s thit lp thi gian ng h ca n theo nhn thi gian n trong bn tin khi to GATE. 4. Khi ng h trong ONU n thi gian bt u ca khe thi gian khi to (cng c phn phi trong bn tin GATE), ONU s truyn bn tin ca chnh n (khi to REPORT). Bn tin REPORT s cha a ch ngun ca ONU v nhn thi gian tng trng cho thi gian bn trong ca ONU khi bn tin REPORT c gi. 5. Khi OLT nhn bn tin REPORT t mt ONU cha khi to, n nhn bit a ch MAC ca n v thi gian Round-trip. Nh c minh ha hnh V.11, thi gian Round-trip ca mt ONU l thi gian sai bit gia thi gian bn tin REPORT c nhn OLT v nhn thi gian cha trong bn tin REPORT.
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Hnh V.11: Thi gian Roundtrip[15] T nhiu ONU cha khi to, c th p ng cng bn tin khi to GATE, bn tin REPORT c th xung t. Trong trng hp o, bn tin REPORT ca ONU b xung t s khng thit lp bt k khe no cho hot ng bnh thng ca n. Nu nh ONU khng nhn c khe thi gian trong khong thi gian no o, n s kt lun rng s xung t xy ra v no s th khi to li sau khi b qua mt s bn tin khi to GATE ngu nhin. S bn tin b c chn ngu nhin t mt khong thi gian gp i sau mi ln xung t. Di y chng ta m t hot ng bnh thng ca MPCP: 1. T lp cao hn (MAC control client), MPCP trong OLT a ra yu cu truyn bn tin GATE n mt ONU c th vi cc thng tin nh sau: thi im ONU bt u truyn dn v thi gian ca qu trnh truyn dn (hnh V.12).
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Hnh V.12: Giao thc MPCP-hot ng ca bn tin GATE[15] 2. Trong lp MPCP (ca c OLT v ONU) duy tr mt ng h. Trong khi truyn bn tin GATE t lp cao hn n lp MAC, MPCP s gn vo bn tin ny nhn thi gian c ly theo ng h ca n. 3. Trong khi tip nhn bn tin GATE co a ch MAC ph hp (a ch ca cc bn tin GATE u l duy nht), ONU s ghi ln cc thanh ghi trong n thi gian bt u truyn v khong thi gian truyn. ONU s cp nht ng h ca n theo thi gian lu trn nhn ca bn tin GATE nhn c. Nu s sai bit vt qu ngng c nh trc th ONU s cho rng, no mt s ng b v s t chuyn vo ch cha khi to. ch ny, ONU khng c php truyn. N s ch n bn tin GATE khi to tip theo khi to li. 4. Nu thi gian ca bn tin GATE c nhn gn ging vi thi gian c lu trn nhn ca bn tin GATE, ONU s cp nht ng h ca n theo nhn thi gian. Khi ng h trong ONU ch n thi im bt u ca khe thi gian truyn dn, ONU s bt u phin truyn dn. Qu trnh truyn dn ny c th cha nhiu khung Ethernet. ONU s m bo rng khng c khung no b truyn gin on. Nu phn cn li ca khe thi gian khng cho khung tip theo th khung ny s c li cho khe thi gian truyn dn tip theo v trng mt phn khng s dng trong khe thi gian hin ti. Bn tin REPORT s c ONU gi i trong ca s truyn dn gn cho n cng vi cc khung d liu. Cc bn tin REPORT c th c gi mt cch t ng hay theo yu cu ca OLT. Cc bn tin REPORT c to ra lp trn lp
iu khin MAC (MAC Control Client) v c gn nhn thi gian ti lp iu khin MAC (Hnh V.13). Thng thng, REPORT s cha di yu cu cho khe thi gian tip theo da trn di hng i ca ONU. Khi yu cu mt khe thi gian, ONU cng co tnh n c cc phn mo u bn tin, o l cc khung mo u 64 bit v khung mo u IFG 96 bit c ghp vo trong khung d liu.
Hnh V.13: Giao thc MPCP-hot ng ca bn tin REPORT[15] Khi bn tin REPORT c gn nhn thi gian n OLT, n s i qua lp MAC (lp chu trch nhim phn b bng tn). Ngoi ra, OLT cng s tnh li chu trnh i v v vi mi ngun ONU. S c mt s chnh lch nh ca RTT mi v RTT c tnh t trc bt ngun t s thay i trong chit sut ca si quang do nhit thay i. Nu s chnh lch ny l ln th OLT s c cnh bo ONU mt ng b v OLT s khng cp phin truyn dn cho ONU cho n khi n c khi to li. 5.3. Chng trnh demo: 5.3.1. Gii thiu: Trong phn ny, chng ta thc hin ba chng trnh demo: Demo bo v tuyn quang EPON Demo truyn nhn d liu 64-QAM dng trong dch v IPTV Demo truyn nhn d liu thoi trong EPON
5.3.2. Ni dung:
Bo v tuyn quang EPON: Trng hp 1:
Hnh V.14 cho thy li c pht hin trn ng dy lm vic, cu trc bo v s c kch hot v chuyn hng tn hiu quang sang ng dy bo v. Mi tn cho thy cu trc bo v nh ng bo v ring.
Hnh V.14 : Hng xy ra ng dy lm vic v tn hiu chuyn sang ng dy bo v Trng hp 2:
Hnh V.15 cho thy s bo v dng chung khi hng xy ra c ng dy lm vic v ng dy bo v. S bo v dng chung s c kch hot v tn hiu quang s chuyn nh tuyn sang ng dy bo v cnh c v theo mi tn.
HnhV.15: Hng xy ra ng dy lm vic v ng dy bo v, tn hiu chuyn sang ng dy bo v bn cnh. Truyn nhn d liu 64-QAM dng trong dch v IPTV: Mt my pht tn hiu gi ngu nhin to mt chui gi ngu nhin i qua b m ha 64-QAM, tch ra i qua hai b pht xung M-ary. Sau o tng hp li qua hai b iu ch vung gc ri tch ra qua hai b d ngng M-ary. Cui cng, ta cho tn hiu i qua b gii m QAM.
5.3.3. Muc ich: Bo v tuyn quang EPON dung cung cp cho thu bao mt ng truyn n nh nht, bo m tn hiu khng b t kt ni trong khi truyn Truyn nhn d liu 64-QAM dng trong dch v IPTV: y l mt dch v c cung cp cho khch hng khi ng k dch v FTTH
5.3.4. Hn ch chng trnh demo: Chng trnh ny ch l chng trnh gi lp ch a ra nhng kt qu tng i mang tnh cht tham kho. Khi a vo s dng s cn nhiu yu t nh hng n kt qu ng dng.
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CHNG VI: KT LUN
CHNG VI: KT LUN

Qua ti ny, em tm hiu s lc v mng vin thng, mng truy nhp quang, mng quang th ng v mng EPON. Vi qu trnh pht trin mng vin thng t trc n nay, mng vin thng co nhng bc tin di trong lch s vin thng. No ngy cng p ng c nhng nhu cu cn thit ca con ngi v cht lng mng, dch v mng, in hnh trong o, mng truy nhp quang , ang v s ngy cng c quan tm v pht trin hn na v nhng tnh nng u vit ca n v bng thng, nhiu, kh nng tch hp dch v, chi ph lp t v ni bt trong o l tnh nng bo mt ca no. o chnh l vn m cc nh cung cp mng cng nh cc khch hng s dng mng hin nay c bit quan tm. Trong mng truy nhp quang, mng PON c ng dng rng khp hn c phn ln nh vo thit b th ng khng cn cp ngun v gi thnh thit b cnh tranh. Mng PON c phn thnh cc loi: BPON, GPON, EPON v GEPON. Trong phm vi ti ny, em ch tm hiu v mng EPON bit c nhng im c bn v no nh: tiu chun, phm vi hot ng, nguyn tc hot ng ca mng. T o, em i vo tm hiu v giao thc iu khin a im (MPCP) trong mng EPON mc tiu chnh ca ti. Trong giao thc MPCP, cu trc khung ca mng EPON chia thnh bn khung iu khin: REPORT, GATE, REGISTER_REQ, REGISTER v REGISTER_ACK v hot ng ca giao thc da vo nhng bn tin ny. hiu r hn v giao thc ny, em thc hin chng trnh demo truyn d liu v thoi trong mng EPON. Sau khi hon thnh ti ny, em tm hiu c nhng kin thc v mng vin thng, mng truy nhp quang, mng quang th ng, c bit trong o l bit c nhiu hn v mng EPON v giao thc iu khin a im ca n. Qua phn thc hin chng trnh demo, em hiu r hn v cch truyn d liu v thoi ca dch v ng dng trong mng EPON bng cch ng dng giao thc MPCP t o bit c nhng thng s mng ca n.
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CHNG VI: KT LUN
Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh thc hin ti, do thi gian cn hn ch v cn nhiu thiu st v kin thc nn ti ch hn ch tm hiu giao thc iu khin a im, khng th tm hiu thm v nhng vn khc trong mng EPON c. V ti ch gi gn trong phn thc hnh mt trong nhiu ng dng ca mng EPON ch khng th tm hiu k hn v cc ng dng khc ca mng. Trong ti ny, vi mong mun s dng giao thc iu khin a im c ng dng trong thc t mng truy nhp quang FTTH, chng ta c kh nng cung cp cho thu bao yu cu bng thng ln, c kh nng tch hp cao nh IPTV, VOD, triple play,
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DANH MC HNH V
DANH MC HNH V
Hnh II.1: Cu trc phn cp ca mng vin thng[6] .................................................. 6 Hnh II.2: M hi nh tham chi u cu a ma ng truy nh p [7] ................................................. 8 Hnh II.3: M hi nh u n i AON[11]......................................................................... 13 Hnh II.4: Phng thc u ni Home run fiber[11] .................................................. 13 Hnh II.5: Phng thc u n i Active Star Ethernet [11] ........................................... 14 Hnh II.6: M hnh logic ca mng PON[8] ............................................................... 15 Hnh II.7: M hnh u ni PON[8] ........................................................................... 16 Hnh III.1: Cu trc phn lp ca BPON[5] ............................................................... 22 Hnh III.2: Cu trc khung APON chiu xung ti tc 155.52 Mb/s[5] ................. 24 Hnh III.3: Cu trc khung APON lung ln[5] ......................................................... 25 Hnh III.4: Chuyn mch BPON[2] ........................................................................... 26 Hnh III.5: Cu trc phn lp ca GPON[4] ............................................................... 28 Hnh III.6: T-CONT gia OLT v ONU[5] ................................................................ 29 Hnh III.7: T-CONT ATM v T-CONT GEM[4] ....................................................... 29 Hnh III.8: Cu trc khung GPON trong dng lung xung[4] ................................... 30 Hnh III.9: Cu trc khung GPON lung ln[4] ......................................................... 31 Hnh III.10: M hnh mng GEPON[13] .................................................................... 33 Hnh IV.1: Mng GPON thc t[14] .......................................................................... 35 Hnh IV.2: Mng EPON thc t[14] .......................................................................... 36 Hnh IV.3: Mi quan h gia m hnh phn lp IEEE 802.3 v m hnh tham chiu OSI[3]........................................................................................................................ 41 Hnh IV.4: Lu lng hng xung trong EPON[3] .................................................. 43 Hnh IV.5: Lu lng hng ln trong EPON[3] ....................................................... 44 Hnh IV.6: Hng pht trin hu tuyn ca EPON .................................................... 45 Hnh IV.7: S bng n thng tin ca Nht Bn .......................................................... 45
DANH MC HNH V
Hnh V.1: i nh da ng chung khung MPCP [3] ............................................................. 47 Hnh V.2: i nh da ng khung REPORT [3] ................................................................... 49 Hnh V.3a: C u ta o va im ngng ha ng i ........................................................... 50 Hnh V.3b: Gi tr bo co ......................................................................................... 51 Hnh V.3:V d v cu to v gi tr bo co ca hng i[3] .................................... 51 Hnh V.4: i nh da ng khung REPORT co s ha ng i c ba o ca o va b ha ng i khc nhau [3] .............................................................................................................. 52 Hnh V.5: i nh da ng ba n tin GATE: (a) GATE phu c h i va (b) GATE chu n [3]....... 53 Hnh V.6: S trng grant / c[3] .............................................................................. 54 Hnh V.7: C u tru c grant[3] ....................................................................................... 55 Hnh V.8: i nh da ng khung REGISTER _REQ[3] ..................................................... 56 Hnh V.9: i nh da ng khung REGISTER [3] ............................................................... 57 Hnh V.10: i nh da ng khung REGISTER _ACK[3] ................................................... 59 Hnh V.11: Thi gian Round-trip[15] ........................................................................ 61 Hnh V.12: Giao thc MPCP-hot ng ca bn tin GATE[15] ................................. 62 Hnh V.13: Giao thc MPCP-hot ng ca bn tin REPORT[15] ............................ 63 Hnh V.14 : Hng xy ra ng dy lm vic v tn hiu chuyn sang ng dy bo v ............................................................................................................................... 64 HnhV.15: Hng xy ra ng dy lm vic v ng dy bo v, tn hiu chuyn sang ng dy bo v bn cnh. ............................................................................... 64
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DANH MC T VIT TT
DANH MC T VIT TT
A AES AGC AM-VSB AN AOEN AON APON ASE ATM ATM B BIP BPON BW C CATV CDR h CO CPE CRC CSMA/CD CWDM D DA DBA DBS DSL DTE DWDM E EFM Advanced Encryption Standard Automatic Gain Control Amplitude Modulation-Vestigial Side Band Access Network Active Optical Ethernet Network Active Optical Network ATM Passive Optical Network Active Star Ethernet Asynchorous Transfer Mode Asynchronous Transfer Mode Byte Interleaved Parity Broadband Passive Optical Network Bandwidth Community Antenna Television Clock and Data Recovery Central Office Customer-premises equipment Cyclic Redundancy Check Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing Destination Address Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Direct Broadcast System Dial Subscriber Line Data Terminal Equipment Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Ethernet in the First Mile
05 VTA1
Tiu chun m hoa m rng iu khin li t ng iu ch khuch i bng tn mt bin cn st li Mng truy nhp Mng quang tch cc Ethernet Mng quang tch cc Mng quang th ng ATM Mng Ethernet hnh sao tch cc Ch truyn bt ng b Ch truy n b t ng b Byte chn chn l Mng quang th ng bng r ng Bng thng lin kt Truyn hnh cp Phc hi d liu v xung ng Tng i trung tm Thit b nh thu bao Kim tra d vng a truy nhp sng mang c pht hin xung t Ghp knh chui bc sng
i a chi i ch nh v bng thng ng Truyn hnh trc tip ng dy thu bao s Thit b u cui d liu Ghp knh theo bc song mt cao Cng ngh Ethernet trong tiu
70
DANH MC T VIT TT
EPON F FBT FCS FEC FTTB FTTC FTTH FTTPC G GEM GEPON GMII GPON GTC H HEC I ID IFG IP IPTV ISDN ISDN-BA L LAN LLC LLID LMDS LTE M MAC MDI
Ethernet Passive Optical Network Fused Biconical Taper Frame Check Sequence Forward Error Correction Fiber-to-the Building Fiber-to-the Curb Fiber-to-the Home Fiber-to-the PC GPON Encapsulation Method Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network Gigabit Media Independent Interface Gigabit Passive Optical Network GPON Transmission Convergence Layer Header Error Correction Identification Inter-frame Gap Internet Protocol Internet Protocol Television Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN - Basic Access Local Area Network Logic Link Control Logical Link Identifier Local Multipoint Distribution Service Logic Topology Emulation Media Access Control Medium Dependent Interface
05 VTA1
chun First Mile Mng quang th ng Ethernet Hn si quang thon nh hai u Chu i ki m tra khung Sa li chuyn tip Mng quang ti ta nh Mng quang ti va h Mng quang ti nh Mng quang ti PC Phng php ong goi GPON Mng quang th ng Gigabit Ethernet Giao din mi trng gigabit c lp Mng quang th ng Gigabit Lp hi t truyn dn GPON
Sa li header Gi tr nhn dng Khe h gia cc khung Giao th c Internet Truyn hnh s dng giao thc Internet Mng tch hp dch v s ISDN truy nh p c ba n Mng cc b Lp con iu khin lin kt logic Gi tr chng thc lin kt logic Dch v ni ht phn b a im M phng topo logic iu khin truy nhp mi trng Giao din ph thuc mi trng
71
DANH MC T VIT TT
MIB MPCPDUs MTBF O OAM OAM&P ODN OLT ONT P P2MP P2P PCB PCS PDH PHY PLC PLOAM PMA l PMD PML PON POTS PPP PSTN PTP R RF RS RTT S
Management Information Base MPCP Data Units Mean Time Between Failures Operation, Administration and Maintenance Operation, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning Optical distribution network Optical Line Terminal Optical Network Terminal Point to Multipoint Point to Point Pool Control Block Physical Coding Sublayer Plesiochoronous Digital Hierarchy Physical Layer Planar Lightwave Circuit Physical Layer Operation, Administration and Maintenance Physical Medium Attachment Physical Medium Dependent Physical Medium Layer Passive Optical Network Plain Old Telephone Service Point-to-Point Protocol Public Switched Telephone Network Point- to-Point Radio Frequency Riconciliation Sublayer Round-trip Time
C s d liu thng tin qun l n vi d li u MPCP Ko di v hn thi gian Vn hnh, qun l v bo dng Vn hnh, qun l, bo dng v d liu Mng phn ph i quang Kt cui ng dy quang Kt cui mng quang Kt ni im a im Kt ni im im Khi iu khin vung lu tr Lp con m ha vt l Phn c p s c n ng b Lp vt l Cu trc mch sng nh sng hai chiu Vn hnh, qun l v bo dng lp vt l Lp con gn vi mi trng vt Lp con mi trng vt l ph thuc Lp mi trng vt l Mng quang tch cc Dch v in thoi truyn thng Giao thc im - im Mng in thoi chuy n ma ch cng cng Kt ni im - im Tn s v tuyn Lp con ti gii iu Thi gian i v v
05 VTA1
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DANH MC T VIT TT
SA SAR SDH SLAs SNI SNR SONET STM T TCDR TCL T-CONT TDM TDMA TQ U UNI V VC VCI VDSL VHS VLAN VP VPI VPN W WAN WDM WLAN
Source Address Segmentation And Reassembly Synchoronous Digital Hierarchy Service Level Agreements Subscriber Network Interface Signal Noise Ratio Synchronous Optical Network Synchronous Transmission Module Time Clock and Data Recovery Transmission Convergence Layer Transmission Container Time Division Multiplexing Time Division Multiple Access Time Quantum User Network Interface Virtual Circuit Virtual Circuit Identifier Very high data rate Digital Subscriber Line Video Home System Virtual LAN Virtual Path Virtual Path Identifier Virtual Private Network Wide Area Network Wavelength Division Multiplexing Wide Local Area Network
i a chi ngu n Phn on v ghp li Phn c p s ng b Mc dch v cam kt Giao di n ma ng thu bao T l cng sut tn hiu trn nhiu Mng quang ng b Module truyn ng b Phc hi d liu v xung ng h thi gian Lp hi t truyn dn Container truyn Ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian Lng t thi gian Giao di n ma ng ng i du ng Mch o Gi tr mch o ng dy thu bao s tc d li u r t cao H thng video gia i nh Mng LAN o ng o Gi tr ng o Mng ring o Mng din rng Ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng Mng din rng
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TI LIU THAM KHO
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Fiber Optic Communications Technology, Djafar K.Mynbaev & Lowell L.Scheiner, 2001. 2. K thut chuyn mch ATM Nguyn Xun Khnh 2004. 3. Ethernet Passive Optical Network - Glen Kramer - 2005. 4. Broadband Optical Networks and fiber to the home Chinlon Lin 2006 5. Passive Optical Network principles and Practice, Cedric Lam, 2007. 6. Ti liu hc tp mn Mng vin thng : Ma ng th h k ti p NGN Next Generation Network, khoa Vi n thng, Hc vin cng ngh bu chnh vi n thng. 7. Ti liu hc tp mn Mng ngoi vi : Ma ng ngoa i vi va truy nh p , khoa Vi n thng, Hc vin cng ngh bu chnh vin thng . 8. Ti liu ca Viettel Telecoms 9. http://planet.com.vn 10. http://www.vntelecom.org 11. Occam Networks Inc., http://www.occamnetworks.com 12. Fundamentals of a Passive Optical Network (PON), David Cleary, PH.D. Vice President, Advance Technology Optical Solutions, Inc., http://www.opticalsolutions.com 13. http://www.2fonet.com 14. http://www.commsdesign.com 15. http://www.quangnamtelecom.vn 16. http://www.tapchibcvt.gov.vn
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HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG C S TI THNH PH H CH MINH

KHOA VIN THNG II

GIAO THC IU KHIN A IM TRONG EPON

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG C S THNH PH H CH MINH ---------oOo-------

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c Lp - T Do - Hnh Phc --- o0o---

GIO VIN HNG DN

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG C S THNH PH H CH MINH ---------oOo--------

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c Lp - T Do - Hnh Phc ---o0o---

(Ghi ch : Trong trng hp thay i im ch m gio vin phi k tn xc nh n).

GIO VIN C DUYT

NGUYN TH KIM THI

SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI

4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5

SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

Tong ai chuyen tiep quoc gia

Tong ai tandem noi hat hoac noi tnh

Tong ai noi hat

Hnh II.1: Cu trc phn cp ca mng vin thng[6]

SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

2.1.3. Cc loi mng vin thng: 2.1.3.1. Mng chuyn mch:

SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

Hinh II.3: M hi nh u n i AON[11] Home run fiber:

Hinh II.4: Phng thc u ni Home run fiber[11]

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG -

Hinh II.5: Phng thc u n i Active Star Ethernet[11]

SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

Hnh II.6: M hnh logic ca mng PON[8] Tng quan v PON:

SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

Hnh II.7: M hinh u ni PON[8] 2.2.3.3. So sa nh AON va PON:

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI

CHNG II: MNG TRUY NHP QUANG

So snh FTTH v ADSL:

SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI

CHNG III: MNG QUANG TH NG - PON

CHNG III: MNG QUANG TH NG (PON-PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK)

CHNG III: MNG QUANG TH NG - PON

CHNG III: MNG QUANG TH NG - PON

Hnh III.1: Cu trc phn lp ca BPON[5]

CHNG III: MNG QUANG TH NG - PON

SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI

CHNG III: MNG QUANG TH NG - PON

CHNG III: MNG QUANG TH NG - PON

CHNG III: MNG QUANG TH NG - PON

CHNG III: MNG QUANG TH NG - PON

SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI

CHNG III: MNG QUANG TH NG - PON

SVTH: NGUYN TH KIM THI