Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3bis Multiplexing
3bis Multiplexing
Telecomunicazioni Undergraduate course in Electrical Engineering University of Rome La Sapienza Rome, Italy
2007-2008
Re
fe
re Bu nce rs t
TS Time Slot
misalignment
misalignment 5
TDMA : preamble
Since each traffic burst is transmitted independently with an uncertain phase relaive to the reference burst, there is the need for a preamble at the beginning of each traffic burst. The preamble allows the receiver to acquire on top of the coarse synchronization provided by the reference burst a fine estimate of timing and carrier phase.
preamble
information
S
Digital signal
IN T U W O O SL ST A F
BUFFER
TDMA coder
Pulse Shaper
Mod
STX
s(j)(t)
(j )
(t )= k a k (t kT )
(j )
Digital signal of user j Sequence of equally spaced binary antipodal symbols ak : k-th binary antipodal symbol generated by user j
(j)
(j )
(t )
IN T U W O O SL ST A F
BUFFER
(j ) (t ) sC
The symbols of the original signal are organized in groups of Nbps symbols. Each group is transmitted in a single Time Slot of duration TS. Time Slots are organized in frames of duration TF.
N bps
10
s C (t )
(j )
TDMA coder
j) s( t) TDMA (
Code generator
11
N bps
12
(t )
Pulse Shaper
Mod
Carrier generator
fP
j) Base-band ( ) s( t signal bb
100
100
50
50
-50
-50
-100
-100
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
13
For the sake of simplifying the notation, let us consider the simple case of BPSK (in phase carrier modulation)
(j ) (j ) j) ( ) ( ) s( t = 2 P s t g ( t ) sin 2 f t + TX TX TDMA 0 P
g0(t) : energy-normalized impulse response of the Pulse Shaper. It has unitary energy. PTX : transmitted power fP : carrier frequency (j) : istantaneous phase
) (
14
s TX (t )
(j )
15
j) (t ) s (RX
100
] V [ 10
50
e d u t i l p m A
-5
-50
-10
-100
-15
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.012
0.014
0.016
Received waveform
Front-end filtering Demodulation Sampling Threshold detection
004 0.006 0.008 0.01 Time [s] 0.012 0.014 0.016
16
17
Frequency division is very simple: all transmitters sharing the medium have output power spectra in non-overlapping bands.
Many of the problems experienced in TDMA due to different propagation delays are eliminated in FDMA.
The major disadvantage of FDMA is the relatively expensive and complicated bandpass filters required.
TDMA is realized primarily with much cheaper logic functions.
Another disadvantage of FDMA is the rather strict linearity requirement of the medium.
18
S
Digital signal
Pulse Shaper
Mod
STX
Code generator
Carrier generator
19
s
1
(j )
(t )
s bb (t )
(j )
(j ) (t ) s FDMA
40 0.5 20
40
20
-0.5
-20
-20
-40 -1 -60 0 5 10 x 10
-3
-40
20
(t )=
a (t kT )
j) s( t )= s bb (
Base-band signal (j ) 0
(t ) g (t )
FDMA-coded signal
( (
(j )
(t ) f ) t+ )
(j )