4 Way Traffic Controller System

Semester Project: Digital Logic Design

Course: BEE-13D

Teacher: Arshad Nazir

Submitted by:

Alishba Arif 372182

Maryam Ijaz 367703

Acknowledgements

By Allah SWT's mercy, we finished this project as a group. However, it would not
have been possible without the tremendous support and assistance of several
individuals and instructors. We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to each
and every one of them.

We are grateful to Mr. Arshad Nazir, our instructor, and our lab instructor for their
direction and continual monitoring, as well as for providing vital project information
and help in finishing the project.

We would like to thank Almighty Allah, our parents, friends, and the Lab staff at
NUST's School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science for their kind
cooperation and encouragement in completing this project.
Abstract

Implementation of digital design logics to create a four-way traffic controller along with
pedestrian crossing system.

As the number of road users constantly increases and resources provided limited,
intelligent traffic signal controller is a very major requirement. Therefore, the need arises
for simulating and optimizing traffic control algorithms to better accommodate this
increasing demand.

The complete recreation of a 4-way traffic crossing using only digital design logics as well
as keeping it efficient and budget friendly. This prototypical circuit was introduced to
alleviate the short comings and gain experience to implement and interface the problems of
modern digital systems. It uses a 555 timer IC and a decade counter. The traffic light
controller requires up to date and sophisticated coordination and controls to ensure
smooth and safe flow of traffic. The project was made to provide optimal functions while
also keeping it efficient and budget friendly.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
1. Overview of Project…………………………………………………………………………………………1
2. Block Diagram…………………………………………………………………………………………………1
3. Work Division…………………………………………………………………………………………………2

Chapter 2: Design
1. Problem Statement
2. Truth Table / State Diagram
3. Simplification using K-maps

Chapter 3: Implementation
1. Schematic
2. Details of other Components
3. ICs Used

Chapter 4: Applications and Future Recommendations

Chapter 5: Costs
1. Component Receipts
Chapter 1: Introduction

1. Overview of Project

The traffic signal was invented by Garret Morgan in 1922 after he got into a serious
accident at an intersection. Nowadays the use of vehicles for transportation has become the
standard. Due to the increase in traffic, the users of vehicles are facing problems on the
roads. Sometimes the roads get blocked, and the traffic flow is disturbed. Sometimes it
leads to hazardous accidents in which a lot of people lose their lives. To control the flow of
traffic and to ensure smooth flow, the following 4 way traffic controller has been made. The
design of the 4-way traffic signal is based on the concepts that we have covered during our
Digital Logic Design Course. It not only helped us to have a grip on the concepts but also
made us capable of putting concepts of DLD in practical life.

2. Block Diagram of Complete System

Figure 1: Block Diagram

3. Work Division

 Alishba Arif

1. Hardware
2. Presentation
3. K mapping

 Maryam Ijaz

1. Simulation
2. Project report
3. K mapping
Chapter 2: Design

1. Problem Statement

The basic idea behind this design is to help avoid collision of vehicles with
themselves as well as pedestrians by providing appropriate signals to different directions
for a limited time slot, after which the next lane will be given same treatment. In this way, a
cycle will be established which will control the traffic along with the pedestrians. The LEDs
are connected in such a way that when one LED is red the one on the opposite side of it
turns the lights on for pedestrian crossing. The cycle continues to run in a similar way

2. Truth Table
4 Bit Counter Truth Table Using JK-Flip Flop
Counter states Next states Inputs

A B C D A(t+1) B(t+1) C(t+1) D(t+1 JA&KA JB&KB JC&KC JD&KD

)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1

0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1

0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1

0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1

1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1

1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

3. Simplification of Functions / K-Maps & Equations

K-Map Minimized Equation for Flip Flop 1

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 0 0 0 0
’
A’B 0 0 1 0
AB 0 0 1 0
AB’ 0 0 0 0

y = BCD

K-Map Minimized Equation for Flip Flop 2

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 0 0 1 0
’
A’B 0 0 1 0
AB 0 0 1 0
AB’ 0 0 1 0
 y = CD

K-Map Minimized Equation for Flip Flop 3

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 0 1 1 0
’
A’B 0 1 1 0
AB 0 1 1 0
AB’ 0 1 1 0

y=D

K-Map Minimized Equation for Flip Flop 4

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 1 1 1 1
’
A’B 1 1 1 1
AB 1 1 1 1
AB’ 1 1 1 1

y=1
 Counter States Relating to Traffic LEDS
Counter states 1st Signal 2nd Signal 3rd Signal 4th Signal

A B C D R1 Y1 G1 R2 Y2 G2 R3 Y3 G3 R4 Y4 G4

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0

0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0

0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0

1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
K-Map Minimized Equation for Signal 1

RED LIGHT 1

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 0 0 0 0
’
A’B 0 1 1 1
AB 1 1 1 1
AB’ 1 1 1 1

y = A+BD+BC

YELLOW LIGHT 1

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 1 0 0 0
’
A’B 1 0 0 0
AB 0 0 0 0
AB’ 0 0 0 0

y = A’C’D’

GREEN LIGHT 1

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 0 1 1 1
’
A’B 0 0 0 0
 AB 0 0 0 0
AB’ 0 0 0 0

y = A’B’D +A’B’C

K-Map Minimized Equation for Signal 2

RED LIGHT 2

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 1 1 1 1
’
A’B 0 0 0 0
AB 1 1 1 1
AB’ 0 1 1 1

y = A’B’+B’D+B’C+AB

YELLOW LIGHT 2

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 0 0 0 0
’
A’B 1 0 0 0
AB 0 0 0 0
AB’ 1 0 0 0

y = A’BC’D’+AB’C’D’

GREEN LIGHT 2

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 0 0 0 0
 ’
A’B 0 1 1 1
AB 0 0 0 0
AB’ 0 0 0 0

y = A’BD +A’BC

K-Map Minimized Equation for Signal 3

RED LIGHT 3

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 1 1 1 1
’
A’B 1 1 1 1
AB 0 1 1 1
AB’ 0 0 0 0

y = A’+BD+BC

YELLOW LIGHT 3

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 0 0 0 0
’
A’B 0 0 0 0
AB 1 0 0 0
AB’ 1 0 0 0

y = AC’D’
 GREEN LIGHT 3

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 0 0 0 0
’
A’B 0 0 0 0
AB 0 0 0 0
AB’ 0 1 1 1

y = AB’D +AB’C

K-Map Minimized Equation for Signal 4

RED LIGHT 4

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 0 1 1 1
’
A’B 1 1 1 1
AB 0 0 0 0
AB’ 1 1 1 1

y = A’D+A’C+A’B+AB’

YELLOW LIGHT 4

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 1 0 0 0
’
A’B 0 0 0 0
AB 1 0 0 0
AB’ 0 0 0 0
 y = A’B’C’D’+ABC’D’

GREEN LIGHT 4

\ C’D’ C’D CD CD’

A’B 0 0 0 0
’
A’B 0 0 0 0
AB 0 1 1 1
AB’ 0 0 0 0

y = ABD +ABC

4. Complete Logic Diagram

Chapter 3: Hardware Implementation

1. Detailed Schematic of Design and its Description

General Flow of the Circuit:

Timer -------> JK Flip flops --------> Combinational logic

For timing purpose or pulse generation, 555 timer IC is being used. As the flip flops make a
synchronous circuit and clock is being used so we will use 555 timer as a pulse. JK flip flops will be
designed in such a way that J and K inputs are the same and after its outputs for each signal will be
designed on the basis of time delay and other requirements

Control signals:

Each control signal contains 3 lights.

 Top light is Red (Stop).

 Middle light is Yellow (Wait).
 Bottom light is Green (Go).
 Side light is Blue (pedestrian crossing).
 2. Details of ICs used

AND GATE

OR GATE

NOT GATE
 3. Details of Other Components used like diodes, transistors,
resistors etc.

JK FLIP FLOP

XOR GATE

4. Hardware Issues / Results/ Observations

T-flip flip was not available in market, so we switched to JK flip flop (IC – 7476) by shorting both
ports J & K so that it functions as a T flip flop.

The project has been made on breadboard with the help of the above-mentioned ICs and
components in TTL mode. The hardware implementation will show us the same result as the
simulation without any errors.

Chapter 4: Project Applications

The above circuit diagram shows the working of the designed 4-way traffic controller which:

1. Regulates traffic at the intersection.

2. Deduces traffic jams and delays caused by traffic.
3. Efficiently connects the traffic on road to the pedestrian and works in tandem with it.
4. Facilitates the pedestrians by indicating when they can cross the road.
5. Controls the time interval of traffic lights.
6. Reduces the number of accidents.
7. Better traffic flow leads to a greener environment.

Chapter 5: Future Recommendations

In view of theoretically and practical constraints encountered in the course of this project we make
following recommendations:

1. It is advised that much research should be done in order to make it synchronize with the
present time advancement in technology.
2. A much more improved circuit should be made using minimum coders, decoders, and
different ICs.
3. The government should encourage more research in the field by promoting it as much as
possible.
 1. COSTS

Summary / Conclusion:
This project ensures maximum security for pedestrian crossings and smooth flow of traffic by using
DLD concepts so that the traffic could be controlled at 4-way intersections and avoid accidents and
collisions. The design ensures that no 2 lanes are open at the same time and the pedestrian crossing
is on in the lanes in the lane that isn’t open.

This project helped us to understand the concepts of Digital Logic Design and its usage in the
practical world. We can implement different designs using the concepts of DLD.

The End.