1. What do you mean by BCD numbers? Explain with Examples.

Binary-coded decimal is a system of writing numerals that assigns a four-digit binary code to
each digit 0 through 9 in a decimal (base 10) number. Simply put, binary-coded decimal is a way
to convert decimal numbers into their binary equivalents. However, binary-coded decimal is not
the same as simple binary representation.
In binary-coded decimal, each digit in a decimal base 10 number is represented as a group of
four binary digits, or bits. Any base 10 number or digit can be represented in binary notation
using binary-coded decimal.
Examples:
Decimal Number: 1764 => BCD: 0001 0111 0110 0100
Decimal Number: 1895 => BCD: 0001 1000 1001 0101
The binary-coded decimal representation of a number is not the same as its simple binary
representation. For example, in binary form, the decimal quantity 1895 appears as 11101100111.
In binary-coded decimal, it appears as 0001100010010101.

2. 7-Segment LED Displays are commonly used for displaying decimal

Numbers (0 to 9). It can also be used for displaying alphabets. A 7-Segment
LED Displays essentially consist of 7 LEDs configured as shown below to
display numbers. It comes in two configurations. Common Cathode and
Common Anode. Draw the diagram showing connections to drivers and
power source and ground for both configurations and highlight differences
between the two. Also give signal logic level required to light up the led in the
segment in each configuration:
1. In common cathode seven segment displays, all the cathode connections of LED
segments are connected together to logic 0 or ground. We use logic 1 through a current
limiting resistor to forward bias the individual anode terminals a to g.
2. Whereas all the anode connections of the LED
segments are connected together to logic 1 in a
common anode seven segment display. We use
logic 0 through a current limiting resistor to the
cathode of a particular segment a to g.
Common anode seven segment displays are more
popular than cathode seven segment displays because
logic circuits can sink more current than they can
source and it is the same as connecting LEDs in
reverse.
The above diagram shows the instance when power is applied to the CA connection and
segments b & c are grounded causing these two segments to light up. A typical pinout for a
seven segment common anode display is shown below.
A common cathode seven
segment is different from a
common anode segment in that
the cathodes of all the LEDs are
connected together. For the use
of this seven segment the
common cathode connection
must be grounded and power
must be applied to appropriate
segment in order to illuminate
that segment.

3. Complete the following table.

Inputs Outputs
# A B C D a b c d e f g
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
3 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
4 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
5 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
6 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
7 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
8 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
9 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
10 1 0 1 0 X X X X X X X
11 1 0 1 1 X X X X X X X
12 1 1 0 0 X X X X X X X
13 1 1 0 1 X X X X X X X
14 1 1 1 0 X X X X X X X
15 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X
4. Design a BCD-to-Seven Segment Decoder with minimum number of gates
that coverts BCD Numbers 0 through 9 in such a way that the display shows
0-9 on the Seven-Segment-Display. Take other combinations/numbers as don’t
care condition.
a) Truth table:
Inputs Outputs

# A B C D a b c d e f g

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1

3 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

4 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

5 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

6 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

7 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0

8 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

9 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1

10 1 0 1 0 X X X X X X X

11 1 0 1 1 X X X X X X X

12 1 1 0 0 X X X X X X X

13 1 1 0 1 X X X X X X X

14 1 1 1 0 X X X X X X X

15 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X
b) K-map Simplification:
Lab Tasks: (2 marks)
1. Implement the above circuit in hardware and show your Results to your
Lab-Instructor. Also make the schematic diagram for your complete design.
2. Mention which configuration of 7-Segment Display did you use in Lab? If
you were to use the other configuration what change would you need in your
circuit?
As we got the 7 segment of common cathode so in order to implement the
segment we used 7 resisters in our circuit together with the Ic-7448. If by any
chance, we would have gotten the common anode segment then only 1 resister was
required.