HOW ROCKS FORM AND CHANGE

Igneous Rocks
Intrusive Igneous Rocks Form from cooling magma below earths

surface. Due to the slow cooling process, large mineral grains (crystals) form in the rock. Granitic - High in silica- lighter in color Examples: Granite Gabbro

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Rocks that form from cooling lava above

earths surface Fast cooling process Small mineral grains (crystals) or no crystals at all Basaltic high in iron and magnesium (dark) Examples: Obsidian volcanic glass Pumice

Sedimentary Rocks
Detrital- small grains of minerals or other

rocks become deposited in layers They are squeezed by the weight of sediment Water and dissolved minerals act as a cement and make the rock Process is called lithofication Examples: Sandstone Shale Conglomerate

Sedimentary Continued
Chemical rocks some sedimentary rocks are

formed when seawater loaded with dissolved minerals evaporates.

Organic rocks sedimentary rocks formed

from organic materials left behind (carbon) Coal chalk & limestone

Metamorphic Change of Form

Due to heat and pressure some rocks become

buried deep and change. Chemical composition in the rock changes and the mineral grains line up differently It becomes a new rock. The rocks are not completely melted.

Metamorphic continued
Examples: Granite (parent rock) becomes Gneiss

Marble becomes Quartzite

Foliated and Non-foliated

Two types of metamorphic rocks

Foliated mineral grains line up in parallel layers or waves (gneiss, slate, schist)

Non foliated no distinct layers (quartzite, marble, soapstone

Based on this graph answer the following questions. 1. At what temperature range does Dacite form? 2. What rocks have the highest Calcium? 3. What fine grained rocks have the most Iron? 4. Which rock has more Sodium: Pyroxene or Amphibole? 5. Which rocks would we find the most of if we were geologists?