Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 8 i hc Nng nm 2012

NGHIN CU HIN TRNG S DNG, QUN L B T HOI V PHN BN B PHT CC H GIA NH TI THNH PH NNG
RESEARCH CURRENT USE,MANAGE AND DISTRIBUTE SLUDGE IN SEPTIC TANK OF HOUSEHOLDS IN A NANG CITY SVTH: Nguyn c Hunh
Lp 10MTLT, Khoa Mi trng- Trng HBK Nng

GVHD: TS. Trn Vn Quang, ThS. Hong Ngc n,

Khoa Mi trng- Trng HBK Nng

NCS. ThS. Phm Nguyt nh

i hc Kyt - Nht Bn

TM TT Bo co trnh by s hiu bit ca ngi dn v s dng v qun l b t hoi v nh gi tnh cht, thnh phn bn b t hoi ca tng h gia nh khc nhau nhm xut cc bin php phc hi kh nng x l ca b t hoi, nh hng qun l phn bn b pht. ABSTRACT The report presents the people's knowledge on using and management septic tank and valuates components and properties of septic tank of different household s in order to propose different measures to recover the processing capability of a septic tank. 1. t vn 1.1. M u B t hoi l cng trnh x l nc thi sinh hot cc b rt ph bin ti Vit Nam. pht huy vai tr ca cng trnh x l nc thi ti ch ny cn qun l vn hnh v bo dng b t hoi ng cch, nht l vi iu kin nc ta hin nay, khi phn ln nc thi, sau khi x l s b b t hoi hu ht c ngm trc tip vo t hoc ra cng thot nc chung. Vic hiu r v lm tt cng tc qun l, vn hnh, bo dng b t hoi, qun l phn bn b pht l mt vn cn thit m bo v snh mi trng. Chnh v vy, vic tin hnh trin khai Ngin cu hin trng s dng b t hoi v qun l phn bn b pht l mt vn cp thit. 1.2. Mc ch nghin cu - nh gi hin trng cu to b t hoi v hiu bit ca ngi dn v cng tc qun l, vn hnh, bo dng b t hoi, qun l phn bn b pht. - nh gi tnh cht v thnh phn bn trong b t hoi ca tng h gia nh khc nhau. a ra gii php ci to kh nng x l ca b t hoi, tn dng phn bn b pht. 2. i tng v ni dung nghin cu 2.1. i tng nghin cu - Cc h gia nh Nng (36 h) - Bn u vo b tip nhn bn ca bi rc Khnh Sn.

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 8 i hc Nng nm 2012

2.2. Phng php nghin cu - Phng php iu tra kho st. - Phng php tng hp thng tin, thng k s liu. - Phng php ly mu, phn tch. - Phng php tnh ton, x l s liu. 2.3. Ni dung nghin cu - Lp phiu iu tra, tin hnh kho st, tham vn i vi cc h gia nh trong thi gian t ngy 09/03/2012 n ngy 25/03/2012. (36 h) - Ly mu u vo b tip nhn bn ca bi rc Khnh Sn. Xc nh tnh cht v thnh phn ca bn.(22 mu)

Hnh 1: Kho st ti h gia nh

Hnh 2: Ly mu ti Bi rc

Hnh 3: Phn tch mu

3. Kt qu v tho lun 3.1. Cu to b t hoi, hiu bit ca ngi dn v cng tc qun l vn hnh, bo dng b t hoi, qun l phn bn b pht. 3.1.1. Thng tin v cu to, hin trng s dng, qun l b t hoi. - T kt qu iu tra kho st cho thy, 68.6 % l loi b t xy khng c bn v, 31.4% l nh mua v thu li khng c thng tin v b t hoi. - 100% b ch tip nhn nc en t khu v sinh tuy nhin trong b t hoi c cha nhiu vt cht gy cn tr qu trnh x l nh: o qun, bng v sinh, bao cao su

Hnh 4: Nhng vt khng nn c trong b t hoi

- Kt qu kho st t 36 h cho thy 81.8% b c xy dng hnh hp, 18.2% xy dng theo kiu hnh tr trn. B thng xy vi kt cu 2 ngn chnh v mt ngn rt c th tch nh
2

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 8 i hc Nng nm 2012

hn. Th tch trung bnh ca b l 3.4 m3. - Nguyn nhn ht bn do y b l 50%, sa li nh l 47%, nguyn nhn khc 3% (thy thi gian s dng lu nn ht)

Hnh 5 : Biu cu to b t hoi v hnh dng thng gp ca b t hoi

Hnh 6: Biu nguyn nhn v tn sut ht bn

3.2.2. Hiu bit v qun l phn bn b pht - Theo kt qu kho st th 100% ngi c hi u khng bit bn vn chuyn i u sau khi ht. - Nu yu cu ht bn nh k c 34,3% s nh ng v ngh l quy nh nn cn phi thc hin, c 65,7 khng ng v cho rng khng cn thit li tn kinh ph. Tuy nhin tt c u khng bit cn phi ht bn nh k m bo kh nng x l ca b t hoi. - Khi c hi v s ng tnh khi s dng cc sn phm nng nghip nh rau c qu c tn dng phn bn lm phn bn cho chng th 86.2% kin ng tnh, 6.9% lng l v cho rng khng bit tt hay khng v 6.9% khng ng tnh.

Hnh 7: Biu kin ngi dn v vic ht bn nh k v tn dng phn bn cho nng nghip

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 8 i hc Nng nm 2012

Nhn xt T cc s liu tng hp t cuc kho st th cho chng ta thy rng cc b t hoi ch yu c xy da trn kinh nghim ca th xy, khng c bn thit k v thng xy theo kiu hnh hp vi hai ngn chnh v mt ngn rt, qu trnh vn hnh bo dng b t hoi cn cha c tt, ngi s dng cho c cc th khng nn cho vo b t hoi lm nh hng xu n qu trnh x l trong b, ngi dn ch ht bn khi b y hoc sa cha li nh, h cha quan tm lm v vic qun l phn bn, vic cn thit phi ht bn ng nh k .Tuy nhin h rt ng tnh trong vic tn dng ngun phn t bn b pht. 3.2. Xc nh tnh cht v thnh phn bn trong b t hoi a v bi rc Khnh Sn- Nng - Kt qu phn tch thnh phn phn bn b pht c tng hp trong bng sau. Bng 1: Cc ch tiu phn tch phn bn
Ch tiu SV30(%) pH kim(mg/l) SS(mg/l) BOD5(mg/l) COD(mg/l) N- tng(mg/l) P-tng(mg/l) Coliform(MPN/100ml) Min 0 7,3 1300 1750 388,6 2550 407,7 98,6 22.10
3

Max 96 8,2 3280 73200 24800 64400 5180 2028,1 92.10

5

Trung bnh 34,41 7,76 2228 36523,2 12949,04 40495,5 2705,8 970,755 29.10
5

Nhn xt - T bng cho thy s khc nhau ca nng cc cht trong phn bn rt ln iu ny c th do nh hng t ch qun l, s dng cng nh iu kin khc nhau ca cc h gia nh c kho st. - Tuy nhin cc ch tiu thnh phn trong bn b t hoi u rt cao, nn phn bn b t hoi cn c gi tr nh ngun cht hu c, nit, pht phol nhng cht dinh dng chnh cho cy trng. Hin nay Bi rc Khnh Sn c h thng x l theo kiu c c chn lp nh mt loi cht thi m cha tn dng c cc tnh cht, u im ca phn bn. 4. Kt lun v kin ngh 4.1. Kt lun - B t hoi ng mt vai tr quan trng trong vic qun l v sinh mi trng th. Tuy nhin theo nghin cu th qu trnh s dng, vn hnh v qun l cha c ch trng, iu ny c th lm nh hng n qu trnh x l trong b t hoi gy ra cc vn nhim mi trng.

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 8 i hc Nng nm 2012

- Tnh cht bn b t hoi cha nhiu cht hu c vi nng cao nhng l ngun cht dinh dng i vi mt s loi cy trng nu c s dng ng cch. 4.2. Kin ngh - Hin nay h thng thot nc cha phn bit ring r, hu ht b t hoi khng c u ni vi cng thot nc v vy cn tp trung vo ci thin hiu sut v chc nng ca b t hoi. - Tip tc nghin cu k hn v tnh cht, thnh phn cng nh u im ca phn bn b pht c hng x l cng nh tn dng lm mang li hiu qu kinh t cng nh trong vn bo v mi trng. - Hin nay chng ti ang tin hnh lm 3 m hnh theo hng tn dng phn bn b pht ti Trung tm nghin cu v bo v mi trng- Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Nng gm: M hnh lm phn hu c, m hnh phn hy k kh bn b pht xem xt kh nng sinh kh ca bn b pht v m hnh xem xt kh nng sinh trng ca mt s loi cy khi c ti bng phn bn b pht.

Hnh 8:M hnh phn hy k kh v lm phn hu c t bn b pht

Hnh 9:M hnh dng phn bn b pht ti cy

TI LIU THAM KHO [1] B t hoi v b t hoi ci tin- Nguyn Vit Anh- Nh xut bn xy dng [2] X l nc thi th - Trn c H- NXB Khoa hc v K Thut [3] X l nc thi Trn Hiu Nhu, Lm Minh Trit- Trng i hc Xy dng H Ni, 1978.