Professional Documents
Culture Documents
KEY CONCEPT Genes encode proteins that produce a diverse range of traits
1. A gene is a piece of DNA that tells a cell to make a certain protein Each gene has a locus, a specific position on a pair of homologous chromosomes
2. An allele is an alternative form of a gene -Each parent donates one allele for every gene Pea plants have 2 alleles for shape - they receive one from each parent For shape, there is a wrinkled allele and a round allele
All of an organisms genetic material is called the genome A genotype refers to the actual genes A phenotype is the physical expression of a trait
C. Genotype:
1. The gene combination of an organism It consists of 2 alleles
For example: Pure dominant, 2 dominant genes Pure recessive, 2 recessive genes Hybrid, 1 dominant and 1 recessive gene
D. Phenotype:
1. The way an organism looks No matter what genes are present, phenotype of a tall pea plant is tall and a short pea plant is short
6.4 Traits, Genes, and Alleles A dominant allele is expressed as a phenotype when at least one allele is dominant A recessive allele is expressed as a phenotype only when two copies are present
2. Dominant alleles are represented by uppercase letters 3. Recessive alleles by lowercase letters
1. Dominant traits: covers up the other traits 2. Recessive traits: traits that disappear 3. Rule of Dominance: When a dominant trait is present the recessive trait is hidden
Most traits occur in a range and do not follow simple dominantrecessive patterns
Genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other When you have 2 or more different traits they are not stuck together
Seed types of Parents: Wrinkled, yellow Round, green You can get offspring with: Wrinkled, green seeds Or Round, yellow seeds