Non-Mendelian

Inheritance
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL
Class Objectives

• Explain Incomplete Dominance Pattern

of Inheritance
• Differentiate Codominance from
Incomplete Dominance
• Explain the Concept of Multiple
Alleles and Sex-Linked Traits
 Conclusions from Mendel's Experiment

• The traits that appeared • The genetic makeup of

from a cross between two
pure breeding organism is
called dominant traits and
those were hidden as
recessive traits.
the plant is known as
the genotype and the
physical appearance of
the plant is known as
phenotype.
 Conclusions from Mendel's Experiment

• The genes are • When the alleles are same

transferred from they are known as
parents to the offspring homozygous alleles when
in pairs known as the alleles are different
allele. they are known as
heterozygous alleles.
Non-Mendelian Inheritance

• In Mendelian patterns of inheritance, the effects of

the recessive gene are not observed when the
dominant gene is present. However, there are some
traits that do not follow Mendel’s principles.

• These traits are called non-Mendelian traits.

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

• Incomplete Dominance
• Codominance
• Sex-Linked Traits
• Multiple Alleles
Incomplete Dominance
Incomplete Dominance

RR = Red
WW = White
RW = Pink
Genotypic Ratio: 4:4
Phenotypic Ratio: All Pink
Genotypic Percentage: 100% pink
Incomplete Dominance
• It occurs when neither of two alleles is fully
dominant nor recessive towards each other.

• The alleles are both expressed and the

phenotype, or physical trait, is a mixture of
the two alleles.
Codominance
Codominance
• It occurs when two versions, or “alleles,”
of the same gene are present in a living
thing, and both are expressed. Instead of
one trait being dominant over the other,
both traits appear.
Codominance

• For example, if a pure red bull mates with a pure

white cow, all their offspring will express both the
alleles of the red bull and white cow.

• Cattle with roan coat are produced with the said

mating of parents. The white coat has red patches on
it.
Multiple Alleles

• Multiple alleles are types of Non-Mendelian inheritance

pattern that involves more than just the typical two alleles
that usually code for a certain characteristic in a specie.

• Other alleles may be co-dominant together and show their

traits equally in the phenotype of the individual.
Multiple Alleles

• An example of Multiple Alleles is blood type.

• In humans, the ABO Blood Group system is a

character governed by multiple alleles. There are 3
alleles that governed this system: IA, IB and i.
 Sex-Linked Inheritance

• Sex-linked inheritance occurs when genetic traits are

inherited on either the X or the Y chromosome.

• Genes located on the X chromosome are called X-linked

genes. Genes on the Y- chromosome are called Y- linked
chromosomes.
Sex-Linked Inheritance

• The traits controlled by these genes are called

sex-linked traits.

• Examples are color-blindness, hemophilia and

Hypertrichosis Pinnae Auris
Color-Blindness

• It occurs when you are unable to see colors in a

normal way- also known as color deficiency.

• The ability to discriminate between the colors red

and green is controlled by the gene located in the X
chromosomes.
Color-Blindness

• For a female to become color–blind, she must be

homozygous for the color–blind genes.

• Since males have only one X chromosome, the

gene for color blindness when present in the male
will always be expressed.
 Hemophilia

• a person suffering from hemophilia could die from

loss of blood even from a small wound because the
blood clots very slowly or does not clot at all.
• Both genders can acquire the genetic disease but it is
more common for males to show the symptoms.
 Hypertrichosis Pinnae Auris

• a genetic disorder in humans that causes hairy ears.

• Since the trait is found in the Y chromosome, then only
males can have the trait. A father who has the condition
will pass it on to all his sons, and they, in turn, will pass
it on to their own sons.
Thank you!