A Seminar Report On

CONTROL SYSTEM
Submitted by
Onkesh Bhise Second Year (Mechanical Engineering)

Guided by
Ajinkya Bais Third Year (Mechanical Engineering) Department of Mechanical Engineering B.N. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Pusad (M.S.) 2013-14

INTRODUCTION
Control system is a system by means of any
quantity of interest in a machine, mechanism, process or equipment is maintained or altered in accordance with desired manner. To control means to regulate, to direct or to command.

AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM

A control system is in general a combination of element or subsystem which tends to maintained a quantity or set of quantities termed output suitable related to another quantity or set of quantities termed as input.
Input variable Actuating signal Controlled System Output variable Controlled signal

ADVANTAGES

Enhances the quality of the product. Quantitative increase in production. Improvement in uniformity of product. Economy in processing material.

APPLICATIONS
I. Automobile, refrigeration & air conditioning. II. Transportation system such as railway, air planes etc. III. Power machine like machine tool, compressor, pump etc. IV. Process industries such as petroleum, chemical, steel, power to control, temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.

Classification of Control System

Control system classified into two types as below
Open Loop Control System. Closed Loop Control System.

Open loop control system

Any physical system which does not automatically correct for variation in its output is called open loop system. The general block diagram of open loop system is shown below,

Input

Controller

Process

Output

ADVANTAGES
Simple in construction. Very convenient when output is difficult to measure. Easy for maintenance. Economical due to simple in design.

DISADVANTAGES
Does not sense environmental changes. Does not sense internal disturbance. To maintain quality and accuracy , recalibration of controller required.

Closed Loop Control System

Any physical which automatically corrects for variation in its output

is called closed loop control system.

Forward path Command Input Reference transducer ref. signal Controller Process to be controlled becont

Error

Feedback Element

Feedback path

ADVANTAGES
High accuracy as controller modifies and manipulates the signal till error is zero. It sense environmental changes. It also sense internal disturbance. Bandwidth or operating range of system us high.

DISADVANTAGES
Complicated and time consuming from design point of view. System are costlier than open loop system. Due to feed back, system tries to correct the error time to time, hence may be problem of stability

Comparison of Open Loop & Closed Loop Control System:

Open Loop Control System
1. Any physical system which does not automatically correct for variation in output. 1.

Closed Control System

Any physical system which automatically corrects variation in output.

2. More stable. 3. Feedback is absent.

4. Dependent operating condition.

1. 1.
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.

Less stable. Feedback is present.

Independent of operating conditions. More accurate. Response is faster. Difficult to build. Non flexible. Costlier. Ex. Human being, voltage stabilizer.

5. Less accurate. 6. Response is low.

7.Easier to build. 8. Flexible. 9. Cheaper. 10. Ex. Traffic control, automatic toaster.

-:Conclusion:-

-: References : 1.Nirali Publication, Pune by 2.Tech-max Publication, Pune by Mr. N. S. Salunke Mr. S. L. Gavhale