Nghin cu mi trng tnh ton m my v cng c qun l

1. Gii thiu v o ha

o ha v nhng vn lin quan nh ngha o ha l g? Tm quan trng ca o ha. Qu trnh pht trin v cc xu th hin nay trn th gii.
1.1. 1.2.

Phn loi o ha.

1.2.1. Network Virtualization (o ha h thng mng)

1.2.1.1. Khi nim

Chng ta thng hay ngh ti cc mng Lan o (Vlan) khi nghe ni v o ha mng li. Nhng y ch l mt kha cnh trong lnh vc ny. Tht ra o ha mng phc tp hn, v cc k thut v o ha trn h thng mng vn ang c pht trin v hon thin hn. o ha mng, hnh dung mt cch n gin l gom cc dch v, cc ng dng da trn nn ngi dng/my ch, a chng ln h thng mng. Sau , cc ng dng, dch v ny s c gn v cung cp vo cc knh ph hp theo nhu cu, hay ng dng c th c i tng no yu cu s dng (Assign for request).
1.2.1.2. M hnh hot ng

C nhiu phng php thc hin vic o ha h thng mng.Cc phng php ny ty thuc vo cc thit b h tr, tc l cc nh sn xut thit b , ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo h tng mng sn c, cng nh nh cung cp dch v mng (ISP).Sau y chng ti s gii thiu m hnh hot ng ca mt vi phng php vn ang c nghin cu cng nh c trin khai bi Cisco.
1.2.1.2.1. o ha lp mng (Virtualized overlay network)

Trong m hnh ny, nhiu h thng mng o s cng tn ti trn mt lp nn ti nguyn dng chung. Cc ti nguyn bao gm cc thit b mng nh Router, Switch, cc dy truyn dn, NIC (network interface card).Vic thit lp nhiu h thng mng o ny s cho php s trao i thng sut gia cc h thng mng khc nhau, s dng cc giao thc v phng tin truyn ti khc nhau, v d nh mng Internet, h thng PSTN, h thng Voip. iu ny lm tng tnh linh ng trong h thng mng, gip doanh nghip ngi dng thot khi s tri buc ca thit b - h tng vt l.

Hnh 1 o ha lp mng Ch thch: Substrate link: Cc lin kt vt l nn tng. Sustrate router: Cc router vt l Virtual link v Substrate router l cc thit b v lin kt c o ha.

1.2.1.2.2.

M hnh o ha ca Cisco

Mt gii php v o ha h thng mng c Cisco a ra, l phn m hnh o ha ra lm 3 khu vc, vi cc chc nng chuyn bit. Mi khu vc s c cc lin kt vi cc khu vc khc cung cp cc gii php n tay ngi dng 1 cch thng sut. C th nh sau: Khu vc qun l truy nhp (Access Control): C nhim v chng thc ngi dng mun ng nhp s dng ti nguyn h thng, qua s ngn chn cc truy xut khng hp l ca ngi dng; ngoi ra khu vc ny cn kim tra, xc nhn v chng thc vic truy xut ca ngi dng trong vo cc vng hot ng (nh l VLan, Access list). Khu vc ng dn (Path Isolation): Nhim v ca khu vc ny l o duy tr lin lc thng qua h tng cu trc Layer 3 (tng Network trong m hnh OSI); o vn chuyn lin lc gia cc vng khc nhau trong h thng. Trong cc vng ny s dng giao thc khc nhau, nh MPLs

(Multiprotocol Label Switching) v VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding), do cn mt cu ni lin lc gia chng). o Ngoi ra, khu vc ny c nhim v lin kt (maping) gia cc ng truyn dn vi cc vng hot ng hai khu vc cnh n l Access Control v Services Edge. Khu vc lin kt vi dch v (Services Edge): Ti y s p dng nhng chnh sch phn quyn, cng nh bo mt ng vi tng vng hot ng c th; ng thi qua cung cp quyn truy cp n dch v cho ngi dng. Cc dch v c th dng chia s hay phn tn, ty thuc vo mi trng pht trin ng dng v yu cu ca ngi dng.

Hnh 2 Kin trc o ha mng ca Cisco

1.2.2. Storage Virtualization (o ha h thng lu tr)

1.2.2.1. Khi nim

Ngy nay, nhu cu lu tr d liu ca ngi dng, doanh nghip ngy cng tng ln. V hin nhin khi nhu cu y tng ln, chng ta cn mt s lng a cng tng tng ng, cng vi s pht trin dung lng ca cc a. Do , vn b pht sinh khi chng ta c qu nhiu thit b lu tr vt l cn c qun l. Mc d c nhiu phng php c xut phc v cho vic qun l ny nh RAID (Ghp nhiu a cng vt l thnh 1 a cng, qua gia tng tc c ghi v c kh nng chu li cao), NAS (Network-attached storage), v SAN (Storage-area networks), vic qun l vn rt kh khn v phc tp cao.

Do , khi nim o ha h thng lu tr (Storage virtualization) ra i. o ha h thng lu tr, v c bn l s m phng, gi lp vic lu tr t cc thit b lu tr vt l.Cc thit b ny c th l bng t, cng hay kt hp c 2 loi.

Hnh 3 o ha h thng lu tr o ha h thng lu tr mang li cc ch li nh vic tng tc kh nng truy xut d liu, do vic tri rng v phn chia cc tc v c/vit trong mng lu tr. Ngoi ra, vic m phng cc thit b lu tr vt l cho php tit kim thi gian hn thay v phi nh v xem my ch no hot ng trn cng no truy xut.
1.2.2.2. M hnh hot ng

o ha h thng lu tr c th c t chc theo ba dng sau y:

1.2.2.2.1. Host-based
Server

Lp o ha Driver ca thit b a vt l

Hnh 4 Host-based Storage Virtualization Trong m hnh ny, ngn cch gia lp o ha v a vt l l driver iu khin ca cc a. Phn mm o ha s truy xut ti nguyn (cc cng vt l) thng qua s iu khin v truy xut ca lp Driver ny.

1.2.2.2.2.

Storage-device-based
Server

Phn mm o ha c nhng vo cng vt l

Hnh 5 Storage-device based Storage Virtualization Trong dng ny, phn mm o ha giao tip trc tip vi cng. Ta c th xem nh y l 1 dng firmware c bit, c ci trc tip vo cng. Dng ny cho php truy xut nhanh nht ti cng, nhng cc thit lp thng kh khn v phc tp hn cc m hnh khc. Dch v o ha c cung cp cho cc Server thng qua mt thit b iu khin gi l Primary Storage Controller.
1.2.2.2.3. Network-based

Hnh 6 Network-based Storage Virtualization Trong m hnh ny, vic o ha s c thc thi trn mt thit b mng, y c th l mt thit b switch hay server. Cc switch/server ny kt ni vi cc trung tm lu tr (SAN). T switch/server ny, cc ng dng kt ni vo c giao tip vi

trung tm d liu bng cc cng m phng do Switch/server to ra da trn trung tm d liu tht. y cng l m hnh hay gp nht trn thc t.
1.2.3. Application Virtualization (o ha ng dng)

1.2.3.1. Khi nim

Thng thng, khi mun s dng mt phn mm no nh office, design, ngi dng hay c suy ngh rng cn phi tn thi gian ci t phn mm ln trn my tnh, c th hn l ln h iu hnh ang s dng. iu ny tn kh nhiu thi gian, nht l nu p dng trn nhng doanh nghip ln, c c ngn my tnh, v ng thi vn qun l cc phn mm ny nh ai truy xut, thi gian truy xut cho php ra sao tr thnh mt thch thc tht s. Do , khi nim o ha ng dng ra i. Mt ng dng c o ha s khng c ci t ln my tnh mt cch thng thng, mc d gc ngi s dng, ng dng vn hot ng mt cch bnh thng. o ha ng dng s gip tch ri s ph thuc gia nn tng phn cng, h iu hnh v ng dng vi nhau.

1.2.3.2. M hnh hot ng

C kh nhiu t chc tham gia vo qu trnh o ha ng dng vi cc m hnh khc nhau. C th k n nh Citrix vi m hnh Application Streaming, Microsoft vi m hnh Microsoft Application Virtualization. y chng ta s tm hiu v m hnh Application Streaming ca Citrix.

Hnh 7 M hnh Application Streaming ca Citrix K thut streaming cho php ngi qun l c th y v qun l cc ng dng trn nn tng h iu hnh Windows n bt c ngi dng no theo yu cu. C th hn: thng qua cc ng truyn d liu c dnh ring, cc ng dng c ti v thit b

ca ngi dng, sau chy trn mt mi trng gi lp. Cc thnh phn ca h thng application streaming ny bao gm: Application Profiler: Ti y cc application c ng gi, km vi n l cc thng tin nh ti nguyn cn thit chy ng dng, cc quy tc khi trin khai trn thit b ngi dng, cc thnh phn ca ng dng Application Hub: Sau khi c ng gi km theo cc thng tin cn thit, cc ng dng/phn mm c lu tr ti y. Mt c im vi k thut ny l: Cc ng dng c lu tr ti b nh cc b ti cc my tnh cui ca ngi dng, v c s dng nh cc phn mm c ci t theo cch truyn thng. Nhng tht s n khng c ci t, m l chy trn lp m l mi trng o ha nm ngay trn h iu hnh.
1.2.4. o ha h thng my ch

1.2.4.1. Khi nim

Nh gii thiu phn u tin, o ha h thng my ch tc l ta tin hnh phn chia mt server thnh nhiu server o, i vi ngi s dng h nhn bit v s dng cc server o ging nh mt my vt l c lp c cc ti nguyn cn thit (b vi x l, b nh, kt ni mng, ), trong khi cc server o khng h c nhng ti nguyn c lp nh vy, n ch s dng ti nguyn c gn t my ch vt l. y, bn cht A l cc server o s dng ti nguyn ca my ch vt l, bn cht B l cc server o c th hot ng nh mt server vt l c lp. o ha h thng my ch gip em li nhiu li ch, nh tng tnh di ng, d thit lp ca cc my ch o, gip vic qun l, chia s ti nguyn tt hn, qun l lung lm vic ph hp vi nhu cu, d hun luyn, ci t
1.2.4.2. M hnh hot ng

Xt v kin trc h thng, cc m hnh o ha h thng my ch c th hai dng Host-based hoc Hypervisor-based (cn gi l bare-metal hypervisor). Ngoi ra, ty theo tng sn phm o ha c trin khai (nh VMWare, Microsoft HyperV, Citrix XEN Server) m mc o ha c th s khc nhau. Cc mc o ha bao gm:

Full virtualization: H iu hnh khch (Cc h iu hnh ci trn my ch o) khng b thay i, v chng hot ng nh trn phn cng tht s. Para virtualization: Cc h iu hnh khch s b thay i hot ng tt hn vi phn cng. Tuy nhin dng ny thng c hn ch l h tr kh t cc loi h iu hnh khch.

Emulation: Cc h iu hnh khch b thay i, nhng chng c chy trn mt phn mm gi lp CPU vt l.

c mt ci nhn y hn, ta xem xt hai dng kin trc Host -based v Hypervisor-based ca o ha h thng my ch, ng thi xem xt khi nim Hypervisor l g.
1.2.4.2.1. Hypervisor l g

hiu r hn v khi nim o ha my ch, trc ht chng ta s tm hiu m5t nh ngha mi, l hypervisor. Hypervisor hay cn gi l Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), l mt lp phn mm mng gia phn cng v h iu hnh cho php cc h iu hnh qun l v s dng cc ti nguyn phn cng cng lc.
1.2.4.2.2. Kin trc Host-based

Cn gi l hosted hypervisor. Kin trc ny s dng mt lp hypervisor chy trn nn tng h iu hnh, s dng cc dch v c h iu hnh cung cp phn chia ti nguyn ti cc my o. Ta xem hypervisor ny l mt lp phn mm ring bit, do th cc h iu hnh khch ca my o s nm trn lp th 3 so vi phn cng my ch.

Hnh 8 Kin trc Host-based Ta c th thy, mt h thng o ha s dng kin trc Host-based c chia lm 4 lp hot ng nh sau: Nn tng phn cng: Bao gm cc thit b nhp xut, thit b lu tr (Hdd, Ram), b vi x l CPU, v cc thit b khc (cc thit b mng, vi x l ha, m thanh)

 H iu hnh Host: H iu hnh ny thc hin vic lin lc trc tip vi phn cng, qua cung cp cc dch v v chc nng thng qua h iu hnh ny. H thng virtual machine monitor (hypervisor) : chy trn nn tng h iu hnh host, cc h thng ny ly ti nguyn v dch v do h iu hnh host cung cp, thc hin vic qun l, phn chia trn cc ti nguyn ny. Cc ng dng my o: S dng ti nguyn do hypervisor qun l. Mt s h thng hypervisor dng Hosted c th k n nh VMware Server, VMware Workstation, Microsoft Virtual Server
1.2.4.2.3. Hypervisor-based

Cn gi l bare-metal hypervisor. Trong kin trc ny, lp phn mm hypervisor chy trc tip trn nn tng phn cng ca my ch, khng thng qua bt k mt h iu hnh hay mt nn tng no khc. Qua , cc hypervisor ny c kh nng iu khin, kim sot phn cng ca my ch. ng thi, n cng c kh nng qun l cc h iu hnh chy trn n. Ni cch khc, cc h iu hnh s chy trn mt lp nm pha trn cc hypervisor dng bare-metal. Hnh v sau s minh ha c th hn cho vn ny:

Hnh 9 Kin trc Hypervisor-based Ta c th thy, mt h thng o ha my ch s dng nn tng Bare-metal hypervisor bao gm 3 lp chnh: Nn tng phn cng: Bao gm cc thit b nhp xut, thit b lu tr (Hdd, Ram), b vi x l CPU, v cc thit b khc (cc thit b mng, vi x l ha, m thanh)

 Lp nn tng o ha Virtual Machine Monitor (cn gi l hypervisor), thc hin vic lin lc trc tip vi nn tng phn cng pha di, qun l v phn phi ti nguyn cho cc h iu hnh khc nm trn n. Cc ng dng my o: Cc my o ny s ly ti nguyn t phn cng, thng qua s cp pht v qun l ca hypervisor. Mt s v d v cc h thng Bare-metal hypervisor nh l: Oracle VM, VMware ESX Server, IBM's POWER Hypervisor (PowerVM), Microsoft's HyperV (xut xng thng 6 nm 2008), Citrix XenServer Gii hn phm vi nghin cu Phm vi nghin cu l g Ti sao quan tm n vn
1.3.

Nhng nghin cu lin quan hin c v so snh OpenNebula

1.4.

2. Mi trng o ha (trong phm vi 1.3)

Ti sao quan tm n cc mi trng ny Gii thiu tn cc mi trng. (mi trng m)

2.1.

Gii thiu Gii thiu cc mi trng o ha ph bin hin nay. a ra cc m hnh c th s dng. Lp bng so snh tnh cht gia cc mi trng o ha. La chn mi trng tt nht tin hnh trin khai ci t.

Tnh cht

VMWare Server

Citrix XenServer
Free

KVM

Tuy nhin, khng phi tt c cc tnh nng u c min ph. Phin bn min ph s khng c cng c Workflow Studio - cng c lin kt cc tc v t ng trn my ch, v StorageLink Bn quyn Free

cng c cho php ngi qun tr trc Free tip s dng cc my o. c th c c cc cng c ny, ngi dng cn phi mua cc phn mm mt ph ca Citrix vi gi khong 1500 la vi phin bn Enterprise v 5000 la cho phin bn Platinum.

Loi hypervisor Cng o ho my ch c im ngh

H tr c Hosted Hypervisor ln Bare-metal hypervisor Full Virtualization / Para Virtualization

Bare-metal hypervisor

Hosted Hypervisor

ParaVirtualization

Full Virtualization

S my o / 100 my (ph thuc vo cu hnh phn cng)

4 my

5 my - Chy trn nn h iu hnh Linux

- i vi Hosted Hypervisor: Chy trn h - c ci t trc tip trn phn cng my ch. iu hnh Windows hoc Linux. iu iu ny c ngha l XEN i hi mt phn

c ngha bn c th s dng cc ng dng cng trng hon ton. Chnh v iu ny m ang tn ti v chy VMware Server cng em li hiu sut ti a do chy trc tip trn vi nhng g bn ang thc hin. V n phn cng. cung c th chy bt k phn cng no l h iu hnh Windows hoc Linux ca bn h tr. - i vi Bare-metal Hypervisor: Chy trn phn cng my ch mi. iu c ngha l bn cn phi xa tt c cc ng dng v d liu trn my tnh ci t VMWare.

Phn cng: AMD K6-2, K6-III, Athlon hoc tng ng, tc 266Mhz hoc cao hn. - RAM 1G. Cu hnh ti - a cng cn trng 50Mb ( install thiu ci VMWare) + 500Mb cho mi my khch. t - Card mn hnh h tr 256 mu. Phn mm: Cc h iu hnh Windown

Phn cng:

- CPU Pentium Pro, Celeron, PII, PIII, - Yu cu h tr 64 bit v o ho.

Phn cng: - 64bit, h tr o ho. - Nu mun s dng nhiu hn 2G RAM cho my o, cn h tr 64bit

Phn mm: -

Phn mm:

Khng i hi phn mm h tr km theo Khng i hi phn mm h tr km theo no. no.

Server:Windows NT 4.0 (Workstation hoc Server) + Service Pack 3,4,5 hoc 6; Windows 2000 Professional hoc Server,

v.v. Hoc h iu hnh Linux - IE 4.0 ( c file Help). - H iu hnh: Windown, Linux, Unix, - H iu hnh: Linux 2.4 v 2.6, NetBSD, - H iu hnh: Linux, FreeBSD, BSD, Mac, Vista. h iu hnh 64bit cho my o. H tr - H tr cc thit b USB 2.0 - H tr nhiu mn hnh Ta c th thit lp mt VM tri rng ra nhiu mn hnh, hoc nhiu VM, vi mi VM trn mt mn hnh ring bit. FreeBSD

Solaris, Windows, Haiku, ReactOS, Mac OS X

- H tr 2 CPU trn mt my o v h tr - H tr cc dng CPU x86, x86-64, IA64

M kin

hnh trc

Hypervisor

- Vmware ch hot ng tt trn mi - Ch c th chy trn mt s phn cng no trng Linux. Vi Window VMWare hot m n h tr. Hn ch ng khng tt lm bi performent ca Window khng n nh. - Dng Hosted Hypervisor ca VMWare

c hiu sut khng tt bng XEN do chy bn trong h iu hnh ch.

Performance

Mi trng o ha XENServer XenServer l sn phm ca d n pht trin m ngun m Xen, c hng XenSource thc hin t nm 2002. n nm 2007, hng Citrix mua li XenSource v v th sn phm ny tr thnh ca Citrix. XenServer s dng cng ngh paravirtualization, cho php h iu hnh cu my o (hay cn gi l h iu hnh guest OS) c th tng tc vi lp o ha tng hiu qu v tc my o. S dng paravirtualization c th mang li tc hot ng nhanh hn, nhng yu cu h iu hnh ca my o phi c h tr mt s tnh nng lin quan n o ha. Xen h tr cc chc nng sau: o My o vi hiu sut gn vi cc phn cng. o H tr nhiu my o trn mt my vt l.
2.2. 2.2.1.

M hnh hot ng

Hinh2.1: Cu trc ca Xen

-

Vi chng trnh o ha Xen cho server hay gii php o ha desktop, mt lp phn mm mng (c bit n nh l Xen Hypervisor) c ci t trc tip ln cc thit b phn cng, n l cng c giao tip gia cc thit b my ch v h thng h iu hnht thp v gn cc hot ng dnh cho du khch.
2.2.2.

Tng quan kin trc ca XENServer Kin trc h thng

2.2.3.

Cc chc nng chnh Qun l b nh B vi x l Thit b nhp xut

3. Cng c qun l o ha

Lit k mt s cng c qun l o ha m mnh quan tm (m ngun m), a ra la chn. Gii thiu Gii thiu cc trnh qun l c h tr trong cng c o ha: Scheduler Drivers Start & Stop openNebula Adding & deleting (users/host)
3.1. 3.2.

Cc trnh qun l Nu c im, m t c ch hot ng ca cc trnh qun l mc nh v cc trnh qun l khc c th tch hp thay th.

Chc nng cng c qun l m rng Lp bng danh sch cc chc nng cn c ca trnh qun l. Phn loi chc nng no sn c v chc nng no l m rng. Phn chia 2 giai on: chc nng ti thiu v chc nng m rng. Nhm nh gi chc nng m rng no c th p ng c trong phm vi ti, chc nng no dnh cho vic m rng sau ny.
3.3.

4. Phn tch thit k cng c m rng

Ch ni n phn tch
4.1. 4.2.

Phn tch thit k giao din. S lp

5. Ph lc

Hng dn ci t. Cc li pht sinh cn lu trong qu trnh ci t.

6. Ti liu tham kho [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor [2] http://blog.virtualcomputer.com/virtualization/why-bare-is-better/

[3] http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/8709 [4] www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/zones/hipods/