Chng 2 - 1 -

TNG HP: CC QU TRNH THAY I TRNG THI CA KH L TNG

Qu trnh a bin
Qu trnh on
nhit
Qu trnh ng
nhit
Qu trnh ng tch Qu trnh ng p
Phng
trnh
trng thi

const pv = const v =
const p =

Quan h
gia cc
thng s
n
2
1
1
2
v
v
p
p
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

k
v
v
p
p
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
1
1
2

n
1 n
1
2
1
2
p
p
T
T

|
|
.
|

\
|
=

k
k
p
p
T
T
1
1
2
1
2

|
|
.
|

\
|
=

T
1
= T
2
v
1
= v
2
p
1
= p
2

1 n
2
1
1
2
v
v
T
T

|
|
.
|

\
|
=

1
2
1
1
2

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
k
v
v
T
T

S m a
bin n
n k 1 0
Nhit
dung
ring khi
lng c
n

(J/kg.K)
1 n
k n
c c
v n

= c
n
= c
v
c
n
= c
p





Chng 2 - 2 -
NH LUT 1 NHIT NG LC HC
Qu trnh a bin Qu trnh on nhit Qu trnh ng nhit Qu trnh ng tch Qu trnh ng p
Cng
thay i
th tch
w
tt
(J/kg)
n
v p v p

1
1 1 2 2

k
v p v p

1
1 1 2 2

1
2
1 1
ln
v
v
v p

0

( )
1 2
v v p
( )
1 2
.
1
T T
n
R

( )
1 2
.
1
T T
k
R

1
2
ln
v
v
RT

( )
1 2
T T R
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

1
1
1
2
1 1 1
n
v
v
n
v p

(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

1
1
1
2
1 1 1
k
v
v
k
v p

2
1
1 1
ln
p
p
v p

(
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

1
1
1
1
2 1 1
n
n
p
p
n
v p

(
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

1
1
1
1
2 1 1
k
k
p
p
k
v p

2
1
ln
p
p
RT

Cng k
thut w
kt

(J/kg)
w
kt
= n.w
tt
w
kt
= k.w
tt
w
kt
= w
tt
(p
1
p
2
).v 0
Bin
thin ni
nng u
(J/kg)
) T T ( c u
1 2 v
= A
) T T ( c u
1 2 v
= A
0
) T T ( c u
1 2 v
= A
) T T ( c u
1 2 v
= A
u = - w
tt
u = q
Nhit
lng
trao i
vi mi
trng
q(J/kg)
) (
1
1 2
T T
n
k n
c
v

0 q = w
tt
= w
kt
q =
) T T ( c u
1 2 v
= A
q =
) T T ( c i
1 2 p
= A



Chng 2 - 3 -

Qu trnh a bin Qu trnh on nhit Qu trnh ng nhit Qu trnh ng tch Qu trnh ng p
Bin
thin
enthalpy
i (J/kg)
) T T ( c i
1 2 p
= A

) T T ( c i
1 2 p
= A

0 ) T T ( c i
1 2 p
= A

) T T ( c i
1 2 p
= A


i = - w
kt


i = q
Bin
thin
enstropy
s
(J/kg.K)
1
2
1
2
ln . ln
v
v
R
T
T
c
v
+

0
1
2
ln .
v
v
R

1
2
ln .
p
p
c
v

1
2
ln .
v
v
c
p

1
2
1
2
ln . ln
p
p
R
T
T
c
p


1
2
1
2
ln ln
p
p
c
v
v
c
v p
+

2
1
ln .
p
p
R

1
2
ln .
T
T
c
v

1
2
ln .
T
T
c
p
1
2
ln
1 T
T
n
k n
c
v

Chng 2 - 4 -

Qu trnh a bin Qu trnh on nhit Qu trnh ng nhit Qu trnh ng tch Qu trnh ng p
th
p-v





th
T-s





n v:
p (Pa);
v (m
3
/kg);
T (K);
R (J/kg.K);
c, c
v
, c
p
(J/kg.K)


p
v
T
s
n = -
n = 0 n = 0
n = 1
n = k
n = k
n = 1
Ne n Gia n n
n = 1 n = 1
n = 0
n = 0

n = +
Q

>

0
Q

<

0
u
>
0
u
<
0
A
A
n = +
Q < 0 Q > 0
n = -
n = k
n > k n = k
n < 1
1 < n < k
Au > 0
Au < 0
Qua trnh a bie n
p
v
T
s
n = -
n = 0 n = 0
n = 1
n = k
n = k
n = 1
Ne n Gia n n

n = +
2
1
T
2
T
1
s
Qua trnh oa n nhie t
V
1
2
p
V 1 V
2
p
2
p
1
l
tt
2
12
1
s s
2
s
1
T
q
T
Qua trnh a ng nhie t
s
1
2
T
s 1
s
2
T
1
T
2
q
12
2
v
1
p
2
l
kt
p
p
1
v
Qua trnh a ng tch
s
1
2
T
s 1 s
2
T
1
T
2
q
12
2
1
v v
2
v
1
p
l
tt
p
Qua trnh a ng a p
p
v
T
s
n = -
n = 0 n = 0
n = 1
n = k
n = k
n = 1
Ne n Gia n n
n = 1 n = 1
n = 0
n = 0

n = +
Q
>
0
Q
<
0
u
>
0
u
<
0
A
A
n = +
Q < 0 Q > 0
n = -
n = k
n > k n = k
n < 1
1 < n < k
Au > 0
Au < 0
Qua trnh a bie n
p
v
T
s
n = -
n = 0 n = 0
n = 1
n = k
n = k
n = 1
Ne n Gia n n

n = +
2
1
T
2
T
1
s
Qua trnh oa n nhie t
V
1
2
p
V 1 V
2
p
2
p
1
l
tt
2
12
1
s s
2
s
1
T
q
T
Qua trnh a ng nhie t
s
1
2
T
s 1 s
2
T
1
T
2
q
12
2
v
1
p
2
l
kt
p
p
1
v
Qua trnh a ng tch
s
1
2
T
s 1 s
2
T
1
T
2
q
12
2
1
v v
2
v
1
p
l
tt
p
Qua trnh a ng a p