VKT LNT HHVKT BKHCM

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1

Hnh ct v mt ct

Khi nim

Tng tng c mt mt phng i qua phn t bn trong cn kho st. Mt phng ny

s chia vt th lm hai phn. Ly i phn vt th nm gia ngi quan st v mt phng tng
tng ri chiu ton b phn cn li ln mt phng song song vi mt phng tng tng.
Hnh biu din thu c gi l hnh ct.
Mt phng tng tng gi l mt phng ct.
Phn vt th thuc mt phng ct gi l mt ct thuc hnh ct.
Hnh biu din ch th hin cc ng bao ngoi ca phn vt th nm trn mt phng
ct gi l mt ct.
Nh vy hnh ct l mt ct c ch r thm cc ng bao pha sau mt phng ct.

Quy nh chung

Cc quy tc chung b tr hnh chiu cng p dng cho mt ct v hnh ct.

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Mi mt ct v hnh ct phi c t tn r rng bng mt cp ch vit hoa, t bn

cnh cc mi tn ch hng chiu i vi mt ct hoc hnh ct tng ng. Cc ch ny phi
t theo hng c ca bn v.
Cc mi tn v bng nt lin m. Gc nh mi tn c th bng 30 hoc 90.
V tr mt phng ct phi c v bng nt gch di chm m. v c v vi mt
di thch hp cho d c.
Nu mt phng ct thay i hng, nt ct ch cn v cc ch cui ca mt phng ct.
ni m mt phng ct i hng.
Nt ct c th v sut chiu di ca mt phng ct (v bng nt gch di chm mnh)
nu cn m bo d c.

V nguyn tc gn , chi tit sit, trc, nan hoa ca bnh rng v cc chi tit tng t
khng b ct dc, khi khng v ng gch gch.
Tng t nh hnh chiu, hnh ct cng c th v v tr khc vi v tr nh bi mi
tn ch hng nhn ca n.

3
3.1

K hiu vt liu trn mt ct (TCVN 7-93)

K hiu

K hiu chung ca cc vt liu, khng ph thuc loi vt liu (s

dng khi khng xc nh vt liu)
Nu cn ch r k hiu c dng th s dng cc k hiu trnh
by trong bng sau:

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Nu trn bn v cn th hin nhng vt liu m k hiu cha c quy nh trong tiu

chun ny th cho php dng k hiu ph nhng phi ch thch.

3.2

Cc nguyn tc v k hiu vt liu trn mt ct

Cc ng gch gch ca k hiu vt liu c v bng nt mnh nghing mt gc

thch hp, tt nht l 45 vi ng bao quanh chnh hoc vi trc i xng ca mt ct.

Nu ng gch gch trng vi phng ng bao mt ct th gc thch hp l 30

hoc 60.
Khong cch gia cc ng gch gch chn ty thuc vo ln ca min cn v k
hiu v t l ca bn v nhng khng nh hn 2 ln chiu rng ca nt m v khng nh hn
0,7 mm. Thng thng khong cch nn chn 23 mm.
Nu vng gch qu rng cho php ch gch vng bin.
Cho php t en cc mt ct hp.

Nhng mt ct k nhau ca cc chi tit khc nhau th phi gch khc nhau (phng hoc
khang cch) hoc so le nhau

t khang trng khng nh hn 0,7 mm gia cc mt ct hp k nhau.

Phn loi hnh ct

4.1 Theo s lng mt phng ct

4.1.1 Hnh ct s dng mt mt phng ct
V d hnh ct trnh by trong phn khi nim.
Ch rng mt phng ct c th khng song song vi cc mt phng hnh chiu c bn

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4.1.2

Hnh ct s dng hai mt phng ct song song (hnh ct bc)

4.1.3

Hnh ct s dng 3 mt phng ct lin tip

4.1.4

Hnh ct s dng hai mt phng ct giao nhau (hnh ct xoay)

Trong trng hp ny, mt mt phng ct c xoay ti v tr song song vi mt phng

hnh chiu.

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4.2 Theo phm vi ct

4.2.1 Hnh ct bn phn
Cc chi tit c th v mt na l hnh chiu cn mt na l hnh ct. ng phn chia
hnh chiu v hnh ct l trc i xng.

4.2.2

Hnh ct cc b

Khi xt thy khng cn thit phi v hnh ct ton b hay bn phn th c th v hnh ct
cc b (hnh ct mt phn vt th). ng phn cch phi v bng nt dch dc hoc bng nt
ln sng.

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Ch :
Nu hnh biu din khng i xng ch c p dng hnh ct cc b.
Nu hnh biu din i xng nhng c nt lin m trng vi trc i xng th khng
c dng hnh ct bn phn m ch c p dng hnh ct cc b.

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5
5.1

Mt ct
ng dng

Mt ct l hnh biu din ca phn vt th nm ngay trn mt phng ct. Mt ct thng

dng din t tit din vt th ti mt v tr no m khng phi din t phn pha sau mt
phng ct.
Mt ct thng ct vung gc vi chiu di vt th,

5.2

Mt ct ri

Mt ct c v ra pha ngoi hnh chiu, phi t n gn vi hnh chiu v c lin h

vi hnh chiu bng nt gch di chm mnh.

Khi c nhiu mt phng ct lin tip c th b tr theo cc cch sau:

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5.3

Mt ct chp

Nu khng gy kh hiu, mt ct c th c xoay ngay trn hnh chiu tng ng. Khi
, ng bao ca mt ct phi v bng nt lin mnh.

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