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M u 1. Xut x ca ngha trang Trc nm 1993, ngha trang Ch Nhng l ngha trang ca nhn dn x Qung Thnh, hu !n Qung "#ng, t$nh Thanh %&a' (au )h* c& Qu +t ,-nh 1./3 Q0123T% ng 43 th5ng 6 nm 1993 ca 27 8an nhn dn t$nh Thanh %&a 9: 9*!c ;h< du !t lu=n ch>ng ?*nh t+ )@ thu=t ngha trang c* tAB, nng cCD ngha trang Ch Nhng, ngha trang , ,c nng cCD, c* tAB 9 ,* 9B hBAt ,Eng tF )hBng g*Ga nm 199H' %*!n na ngha trang , trI thnh ngha trang ca thnh DhJ Thanh %&a 9 ,c g*aB chB CKng t LK* trMng 9 CKng trNnh ,K th- Thanh %&a l ,#n 9- trOc t*+D Pun lQ' 2. Cn c php lut v k thut ca v!"c th#c h!"n nh g! tc $ng %&! tr'(ng 2.1. Cc vn bn php lut R Su=t 8B 9! mK* trMng TUa ,V* nm 4..W , ,c QuJc hE* nc CEng hXa x hE* ch ngha Y*!t Nam )h&a "Z, )[ h\D th> 6 thKng Pua ng 4911114..W 9 c& h*!u lOc th* hnh tF ng .11/14..H' R Ngh- ,-nh 6.14..H1N0RC;, ng 91614..H ca Th tng Ch]nh Dh 9: ^%ng d_n th* hnh Su=t 3B 9! mK* trMng^' R ThKng t .614..H1TTR3TNLT ng 61914..H ca 3E T* ngu <n 9 LK* trMng hng d_n 9: ,5nh g*5 mK* trMng ch*+n lc, ,5nh g*5 t5c ,Eng mK* trMng 9 cam )+t 8B 9! mK* trMng' R Ch$ th- .11 CTR23 ng 4/1414..1 ca Ch t-ch 23N` t$nh Thanh %B5 9: aTng cMng cKng t5c 8B 9! mK* trMngb' 2.2. Vn bn k thut R 35B c5B thcm tra TJ 1. TT123T% ng 4H th5ng / nm 1993 ca thMng trOc hE* ,dng thcm tra 9 8*<n 8n cuEc h\D thcm tra xet du !t lu=n ch>ng ?T?T cKng trNnh ngha trang ch Nhng ng 1/ th5ng H nm 1993' Y ,: ngh- ca thMng trOc hE* ,dng thcm tra lu=n ch>ng ?T?T t$nh' R Qu +t ,-nh TJ 1./3 CN123T% ng 43 th5ng 6 nm 199. ca 27 8an nhn dn t$nh Thanh %&a 9: 9*!c Dh< du !t lu=n ch>ng ?T?T cKng trNnh c* tAB nng cCD ngha trang Ch Nhng'
Trung tm Quan trc v BVMT Thanh Ha
nh gi tc ng mi trng d n u t, m rng ngha trang Ch Nhng - T Thanh !"a#
R Qu +t ,-nh TJ f14f1Q0R23N` ng 46 th5ng 14 nm 4..H ca 27 8an nhn dn Thnh DhJ Thanh %&a 9: 9*!c 8an hnh Ch#ng trNnh cKng t5c ca 27 8an nhn dn, Ch t-ch 27 8an nhn dn Thnh DhJ Thanh %B5 nm 4../' R Qu +t ,-nh TJ 4W1f1Q0R23N` ng 11 th5ng / nm 4../ ca Ch t-ch 23N` Thnh DhJ Thanh %&a 9: 9*!c g*aB nh*!m 9g l=D 85B c5B ,5nh g*5 t5c ,Eng mK* trMng )hu 9Oc ngha trang, )hu 9Oc dn c ghn ngha trang Ch Nhng' ). *+ chc th#c h!"n ,- c- .*M CKng t LK* trMng 9 cKng trNnh ,K th- Thanh %B5 hD ,dng 9* Trung tm Quan tric 9 3B 9! mK* trMng Thanh %&a ,j thOc h*!n l=D 85B c5B 0TL dO 5n a0hu t, mI rEng ngha trang Ch Nhngb' R C# Puan t 9Cn l=D 85B c5B 0TLk Trung tm Quan tric 9 3B 9! mK* trMng Thanh %&a' R l*5m ,Jck ?(' Tr-nh Ng\c Thng R 0-a ch$k 1f, %Ac Thnh, T; Thanh %&a, t$nh Thanh %&a R 0*!n thBA*k .3/'/4W961 ành T5ch tham g*a l=D 85B c5Bk R ?(' Tr-nh Ng\c Thng' l*5m ,Jc R Kng %Bng Yn Thuhn' CU nhn LK* trMng R Kng Trhn Thanh %mng' ?@ T LK* trMng R Kng ;han CaB CMng' CU nhn CKng ngh! T*nh h\c R Kng Ngu nn Yn Tm' ?@ T h&a dhu R Kng La* S< Nam' CU nhn ?*nh t+ mK* trMng
Ch'/ng 1 M& t0 t1% t2t ngha trang 1.1. *3n 4# n5 0hu t mI rEng ngha trang Ch Nhng' 1.2. ./n v6 7u0n l8 ngha trang5 CKng t LK* trMng 9 CKng trNnh ,K thThanh %B5' 0-a ch$k TJ fH/, ,Mng S< %Bn, DhMng Ng\c TrAB, T; Thanh %&a' 0*!n thBA*k .3/'/414.W, oax .3/'/414.W 9 :g'(! ng u c/ 7uan ch ngha trang5 Kng 0p %u T*+D, ch>c 9g l*5m ,Jc' 1.). ;6 tr< 6a l8 ca ngha trang Ngha trang Ch Nhng ,c ,qt tA* thKn L*nh TrA*, x Qung Thnh, hu !n Qung "#ng, t$nh Thanh %B5, c5ch trung tm Thnh DhJ 6)m 9: Dh]a Nam 9 c5ch trung tm hu !n lr Qung "#ng f)m 9: Dh]a 3ic' C& tBA ,Ek 1.W,ff )*nh ,E 0Kng' 4.,.6 9 ,E 3ic' `*!n t]ch )hu ,Ct Ngha trang h*!n tA*k 11,3 ha' ?hu ,Ct c& g** hAnk R ;h]a 3ic g*5D )hu 8E ,E* sa,a' R ;h]a T g*5D c5nh ,dng ca thKn L*nh TrA*' R ;h]a Nam g*5D tu +n ,Mng S#ng 0-nh t chu Qu5n Nam' R ;h]a 0Kng g*5D )hu c5nh ,dng ca thKn Thnh Tr\ng 9 0-nh Tn' "ung Puanh )hu ngha trang ch$ c& hng l Nam l )hKng c& dn c T*nh TJng, cXn c5c hng cXn lA* l dn c ca thKn L*nh TrA* uc5ch ngha trang Ch Nhng )hBng 1W.mv 9 Thnh Tr\ng uc5ch )hBng /..mv T*nh TJng' Tu nh*<n I )hu 9Oc n )hKng c& c5c cKng trNnh 9n hB5, d* t]ch l-ch TU, tKn g*5B' `*!n t]ch Dhhn mI rEngk / ha 9: Dh]a 0Kng ca )hu 9Oc h*!n tA*' 1.=. :$! 4ung ch >?u 1.4.1. Cc hng mc cng trnh ch y u! n cch Nh cCD f AGl'Hng .1 W
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Ch'/ng 2 !Ou k!"n t# nh!3n 9 %&! tr'(ng v k!nh t?9xP h$! 2.1. .!Ou k!"n t# nh!3n v %&! tr'(ng 2.1.1. "%2 l?) $>2 ch@t *+ &, tr- ,* ". " Qung Thnh nym 9: Dh]a 0Kng Nam Thnh DhJ Thanh %&a' R ;h]a 0Kng g*5D 9* x Qung 0Kng R hu !n Qung "#ng' R ;h]a 3ic g*5D 9* x Qung %ng uthnh DhJ Thanh %&av' R ;h]a T 3ic g*5D 9* DhMng 0Kng (#n R ;h]a T g*5D 9* DhMng 0Kng Y! R ;h]a Nam g*5D 9* x Qung 0Kng 9 Qung Th-nh hu !n Qung "#ng' `*!n t]ch tO nh*<n ca x Qung Thnh h*!n na l 6ff ha' TBn 8E d*!n t]ch ,Ct n nym trBng )hu 9Oc c& ,E caB TB 9* mqt nc 8*jn daB ,Eng tF 4,. m ,+n W,W m' ?hu 9Oc c& ,E caB ln nhCt TB 9* mqt nc 8*jn l )hu 9Oc d\c ,Mng g*aB thKng ch]nh, QuJc lE 1x' C5c )hu 9Oc thCD h#n thMng 8- ng=D wng ,-nh )[ 9B c5c mma ma hng nm' NhNn chung ,-a hNnh x Qung Thnh n&* r*<ng 9 thnh DhJ Thanh %B5 n&* chung t#ng ,J* 8yng Dhng 9* xu hng thCD dhn tF 3ic xuJng Nam 9 1.
T Tang 0Kng' 0-a hNnh thu=n l* chB 9*!c Dh5t tr*jn Tn xuCt cKng ngh*!D, g*aB thKng 9 c5c lBA* hNnh d-ch 9g, th#ng mA*, du l-ch' /+ 0,* ch1t Nym trBng )hu 9Oc thnh DhJ Thanh %B5 c& ,-a thng trhm t]ch Dhm Ta thj %BlBczncz I ,E Tu tF W R f. m' %a* )hu 9Oc c& ,-a hNnh caB c5ch trung tm thnh DhJ )hBng 3,W )m 9: Dh]a 3ic l n#* tNm thC ,5 Dh*+n Tet lE th*<n )7 `z9Bn, ,5 8mn, ,5 9K*' Thnh DhJ cXn c& nh*:u )hu 9Oc )h5c nhau mang t]nh ,qc trng ,5 9K*' "a h#n 9: Dh]a 3ic 9 Dh]a T l c5c ,-a hNnh nw* gd gh: mang t]nh chCt ,qc trng ca ,-a chCt 9mng ,5 9K* caTt#' 2.1.2. "%c xA mqt trM* R 0E cm )hKng )h] R Sng ma 9 8Jc h#* R 0E 8:n 9Gng )h] Pu jn *+ 'hit 2hng 2hTVng nh*!t ,E trung 8Nnh nm tF 6'W...C R 6'H...C' Lma 0Kng nh*!t ,E trung 8Nnh I th5ng 1 tF 1W,W.C R 1H,H.C uthCD nhCt c& )h* xuJng t* 1.C R 4.Cv' Nh*!t ,E caB nhCt 9B th5ng / trung 8Nnh tF 3. .C R 3W.C, c& ng caB nhCt tF 39.C R f1.C' 3*<n ,E nm daB ,Eng tF 1..C R 14.C, 8*<n ,E ng daB ,Eng tF W,W.C R H.C' Nh*!t ,E )hKng )h] nh hIng trOc t*+D ,+n Pu5 trNnh Dh5t t5n 9 chu jn hB5 c5c chCt K nh*nm trBng )h] Pu jn' Nh*!t ,E cng caB thN tJc ,E c5c Dhn >ng h&a h\c trBng )h] Pu jn cng ln' NgB* ra, nh*!t ,E )hKng )h] cXn lm tha ,V* Pu5 trNnh 8a h#*, , l +u tJ Puan tr\ng t5c ,Eng trOc t*+D l<n T>c )hB ngM* cKng nhn trBng Pu5 trNnh laB ,Eng' YN 9= , )h* ,5nh g*5 m>c ,E K nh*nm )hKng )h] 9 th*+t )+ c5c h! thJng )hJng ch+ K nh*nm chn Dhn t]ch +u tJ nh*!t ,E' ?+t Pu Puan tric nh*!t ,E tA* Thanh %B5 Pua c5c nm ,c t&m tit trBng 8ng H' @0ng )5 (i3n /in nhit qu* cc n4m
11
50&67 8C9 :% *rC% TrAm TD' Thanh %B5 TrAm %d* "un TrAm Nh "un 2KK1 43,H 43,4 43,/ 2KK2 43,9 43,f 4f,. 2KK) 4f,f 4f,. 4f,f 2KK= 43,H 43,f 43,f 2KKM 43,/ 43,/ 43,/ 2KKQ 4f,4 43,6 4f,1
5'gu n7 'i:n gim th!ng 2: ;88< = Cc 6h!ng 2: t>nh 6h*nh ?@9 /+ 0 Am 2hng 2h- BC /!c hi 0E cm )hKng )h] trung 8Nnh l 6H' Lma 0Kng 9B nhGng ng )hK hanh ,E cm thCD t* W. uthMng x ra 9B th5ng 14v' CuJ* 0Kng Tang "un 9B nhGng ng ma Dhmn ,E cm l<n t* 9. 9 c& thM* ,*jm ,At 8B hB cm t uthMng x ra 9B th5ng 4 R 3v' 0E cm )hKng )h] l +u tJ nh hIng l<n Pu5 trNnh chu jn hB5 c5c chCt K nh*nm )hKng )h] 9 l +u tJ 9* )h] h=u nh hIng ,+n T>c )hB cBn ngM*' 0E cm )hKng )h] 8*+n ,V* thzB mma 9 thzB 9mng' 0E cm )hKng )h] t#ng ,J* trung 8Nnh hng nm )h5 Vn ,-nh, TO 8*+n ,Eng l rCt ]t' Sng 8Jc h#* t#ng ,J* ln, nhCt l 9B nhGng th5ng g*Ga mma hA hBqc 9B thM* )[ hanh hzB' R 0E cm t#ng ,J* trung 8Nnh nmk 6W R 6H R 0E cm t#ng ,J* trung 8Nnh caB nhCt k 9. uth5ng Z, ZZ, ZZZv R 0E cm t#ng ,J* trung 8Nnh thCD nhCtk f. R fW uth5ng Y, YZ, ", "Zv R 0E cm tJ* thCD tu !t ,J*k 1W R 0E cm tJ* caB tu !t ,J*k 1.. @0ng =5 (i3n /in Am tuyt !i trung /nh qu* cc n4m 50&67 D9 :% *rC% TrAm TD' Thanh %B5 TrAm %d* "un TrAm Nh "un 2KK1 66,. 6H,. 66,. 2KK2 6/,. 6/,. 6/,. 2KK) 6W,. 6f,. 6f,. 2KK= 6H,. 6W,. 6f,. 2KKM 6f,. 6f,. 6f,. 2KKQ 6f,. 6W,. 6H,.
5'gu n7 'i:n gim th!ng 2: ;88< E Cc 6h!ng 2: t>nh 6h*nh ?@9 14
c+ F#$ng m#* La c& t5c dgng thanh l\c c5c chCt K nh*nm trBng )hKng )h] 9 Dha lBng c5c chCt K nh*nm trBng nc' La cXn cuJn c5c chCt K nh*nm r#* 9* tF mqt ,Ct xuJng c5c ngudn nc' YN 9= m>c ,E K nh*nm 9B mma ma thCD h#n 9B mma )hK TrBng mEt nm ma ch*a lm 4 mma, mma ]t ma 9 mma ma nh*:u' Lma ma n&* chung 8it ,hu 9B th5ng Y 9 )+t thwc 9B cuJ* th5ng "' C5c th5ng ma nh*:u nhCt l 9B th5ng YZZ, YZZZ, ZY I Dh]a 3ic 9 th5ng YZZZ, Z", " I Dh]a Nam' La ]t nhCt 9B c5c th5ng "ZZ, Z 9 ZZ' Sng ma ca mma ma c& thj ch*+m t* 6. R 9. tVng lng ma c nm' TrBng mma ma c& thj x ra nhGng tr=n ma rCt tB, trBng mEt ng ,<m lng ma c& thj ,At tr<n W.. mm, c& trMng hD l<n t* tr<n /.. mm' `*nn 8*+n lng ma trung 8Nnh tA* Thanh %&a trBng mC nm ghn , ,c t&m tit trBng 8ng 6' @0ng M5 (i3n /in "#$ng m#* qu* cc n4m 50&67 mm9 :% *rC% TrAm TD' Thanh %B5 TrAm %d* "un TrAm Nh "un 2KK1 2KK2 2KK) 2KK= 2KKM 2KKQ
1'6fW,H 1'3H/,4 1'33f,3 1'3.9,/ 1'W94,f 1'/H4,H 1'9.3,/ 1'H/9,4 1'HW9,9 1'//3,9 4'.64,6 1'fWH,H 1'/94,6 1'3/4,/ 1'3/9,1 1'H94,1 4'../,4 1'H9/,4
5'gu n7 'i:n gim th!ng 2: ;88< E Cc 6h!ng 2: t>nh 6h*nh ?@9 d+ MGy% 'Hng S*<n Puan trOc t*+D ,+n 8>c xA mqt trM* l m 9 ning' TA* T;' Thanh %&a tVng lng m hng nm ]t 8*+n ,V*' TVng lng m tVng Puan trung 8Nnh trBng c5c th5ng mma ma hhu nh )hKng 9t Pu5 /11. 8hu trM*, trBng c5c th5ng mma )hK )hKng 9t Pu5 f11. 8hu trM*' R (J g*M ning 8Nnh Pun nmk 1HW6 g*M1 nm R (J g*M ning th5ng caB nhCtk 4.6 g*M uth5ng YZZv R (J g*M ning th5ng thCD nhCtk fW g*M uth5ng ZZZv @0ng Q5 (i3n /in I! giJ nHng qu* cc n4m
13
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*+ Mi tr#Jng 2hng 2h-+ ThM* ,*jm ,B ,Ac, lC m_u l thM* ,*jm tA* ngha trang )hKng c& c5c hBAt ,Eng ma* t5ng, c5t t5ng, ,Jt c5c 9=t dgng ca ngM* Pu5 cJ, '''?+t Pu Dhn t]ch chCt lng )hKng )h] 9 t*+ng dn ,c ,a ra trBng 8ng Tauk @0ng J5 Qt qu RhGn t-ch /i BC ting n :h!" t $ . C .$ S% ;.tT c g!1 m1T p Uut kh&ng kh<V mm%g /H. /H. W$ XnV 4@Y B4 A :B) CZ AZ2 @D! l/ g1m g1 g1m 2 3 3 l[ng m3 B g1m
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19
Gh% chH L_u L1k L_u ,Ct 9Mn nh 8 Ngu nn Th- Ngn thKn L*nh TrA* L_u L 4k L_u ,Ct ruEng ghn 8M Dh]a T ngha trang L_u L3k L_u ,Ct 9Mn nh Kng %Bng Ng\c Qu[nh thKn Thnh Tr\ng 'hSn OTt k ThzB t*c NKng l#ng Th+ g**v, chB thC k R L_u L1 l ,Ct chua, m_u L4 9 L3 l )hKng chua R C 3 m_u ,Ct ,:u c& hm lng N* t# I m>c trung 8Nnh R L_u L3 c& hm lng ;4W I m>c trung 8Nnh, m_u L1 9 L3 c& hm lng ;4W I m>c ngh{B R L_u L3 c& hm lng hGu c# I m>c trung 8Nnh, m_u L1 9 L3 c& hm lng hGu c# I m>c ngh{B' Nh 9= ,Ct trBng c5c )hu 9Oc dn c ca 4 thKn L*nh TrA* 9 Thnh Tr\ng c& g*5 tr- d*nh dng )hKng caB, )hKng th]ch hD chB 9*!c canh t5c trdng c nKng ngh*!D, c& thj th]ch hD chB 9*!c trdng c n Pu' 0Ct ruEng xung Puanh ngha trang c& hm lng c5c chCt d*nh dng I m>c trung 8Nnh, th]ch hD chB trdng lwa' Qua c5c TJ l*!u Dhn t]ch mK* trMng I tr<n chB thC k LK* trMng )hKng )h] )hu 9Oc )h* )hKng c& c5c hBAt ,Eng nh ,Jt 9ng h#ng, ,Jt c5c 9=t dgng ca ngM* Pu5 cJ, hXm 95n 8} ,* u)h* c5t t5ngv,'''l )h5 TAch' Tu nh*<n )h* c& hBAt ,Eng tr<n, thN ,J* 9* ngM* dn xung Puanh ,qc 8*!t I thKn L*nh TrA* ucuJ* 4 hng g*& ch ,AB 0Kng 3ic 9B mma ,Kng 9 0Kng Nam 9B mma h{v 8- nh hIng )h5 nh*:u 8I* )h&*, 8g* Dh5t T*nh' ChCt lng nck R ChCt lng nc g*+ng udmng chB mgc ,]ch T*nh hBAtv ca dn c xung Puanh )hu 9Oc c& 8*ju h*!n K nh*nm, ,qc 8*!t l dhu m, 3`, C`, rin l# lUng, lm chB ngudn nc mCt cm Puan, c& mm* )h& ch-u, ngM* dn dmng nh*:u c& thj T| g n<n 8!nh T}* th=n, nh hIng ,+n T>c )hB' 0*:u n Dhn 5nh ,wng thOc t+ tNnh hNnh K nh*nm tA* ,-a Dh#ng' Ngu <n nhn c& thj dB TO thcm thCu tF c5c ngudn nc nhk nc th* T*nh hBAt, nc th* nKng ngh*!D, nc r$ tF )hu ngha trang' Y*!c ,B g*+ng )h#* 9 )hBan )ha* th5c nc Dhgc 9g chB c5c mgc ,]ch )h5c nhau , tAB ,*:u
4.
)*!n chB c5c chCt g K nh*nm xm nh=D 9B thng ch>a nc' 3<n cAnh ,& dB cha c& h! thJng thu gBm 9 xU lQ chCt th* rin hBqc c& nhng cXn tO Dh5t tA* mEt TJ hE g*a ,Nnh , lm tng )h nng nh*nm 8cn ngudn nc' R ChCt lng nc mqt c& 8*ju h*!n K nh*nm I c5c ch$ t*<uk ; f3R, N3R, dhu m, 3`, C`, rin l# lUng' ChCt lng mK* trMng ,Ctk 8Nnh thMng, )hKng c& gN ,qc 8*!t' 2.2. .!Ou k!"n k!nh t? 9 xP h$! Mc4n cV thK@ /@ c@ 2t qu thc hin nhim B Rht triWn Qinh t = B4n hM* OX hi% *n ninh qu!c RhYng < thng Nu n4m ;88Z9 2.2.1. CN c@u O:n P+ h%=n n2y TVng dn TJ tBn x Qung Thnh l 6'f3. ngM*, 16/. hE, m=t ,E dn TJ l 999 ngM*1)m4' TrBng ,&k Namk f'.fH ngM*, 8yng f6 NGk f'36f ngM*, 8yng W4 R T7 l! dn TJ Dh5t tr*jn tO nh*<n l .,f1, g*m .,.4 TB 9* cmng )[' R T7 l! ngM* T*nh cBn th> 3 lk 6,19 g*m 1,H6 TB 9* cmng )[' R l*a ,Nnh 9n h&a lk WW,/, ,At 9W TB 9* )+ hBAch R %E ngh{B ch*+m 14,6 g*m 13,/ TB 9* )+ hBAch' 2.2.2. 0nh hnh k%nh t Q vn hR Q IS h.% *+ Qinh t 1' Trdng tr\tk TVng d*!n t]ch g*zB trdng la W/f,/ ha, )j c d*!n t]ch thu hd* nhng nhn dn ,ang thOc h*!n, trBng ,&k R C lwa lk f3f,6 ha R C rau muk 3H,H ha R `*!n t]ch c5 lwak 1.,6ha R C 9g ,Kngk 94,Wha' Nng TuCt 8Nnh Pun ,At ff,4 tA1ha, g*m 6,f4 tA1ha TB 9* cmng )[ nm 4..H' TVng Tn lng ,At 1'944 tCn R `*!n t]ch c rau mu g*5 tr-k 6. tr*!u ,dng1ha R `*!n t]ch c5 lwa ,Atk W. tr*!u ,dng1ha R `*!n t]ch c 9g ,Kng g*5 tr-k 4. tr*!u ,dng1ha 4' Chn nuK*k
41
R Tu ,hu nm 9*!c chn nuK* gqD nh*:u )h& )hn nhng g*5 c thOc Dhcm th- trMng c& nh*:u 8*+n ,Eng n<n g*5 tr- trBng chn nuK* tng h#n TB 9* cmng )[' R TVng ,n ln lk 1/'913 cBn, ,At H. TB 9* )+ hBAch R TVng ,n 8Xk 1'341 cBn tng 6W cBn TB 9* nm 4..H R Tdng ,n g*a chmk H/'... cBn, tng 44'... cBn TB 9* cmng )[ nm 4..H' 3' ?*nh dBanh 9 d-ch 9gk R TAB ,*:u )*!n c5c hE g*a ,Nnh 9 c5c dBanh ngh*!D mI mang ,a dAng nghnh ngh: g** Pu +t laB ,Eng 9*!c lm chB h#n W.. laB ,Eng tA* chp, tng thu nh=D, Vn ,-nh ,M* TJng' R %*!n na tr<n tBn x c& 3W. hE )*nh dBanh, d-ch 9g , chB thu nh=D 4 tr*!u ,dng1th5ng 9 1. dBanh ngh*!D c& thu nh=D tF 4. t 3. tr*!u ,dng1th5ng' TVng thu nh=D H th5ng ,hu nm c ,At fH t7 ,dng, tng W,H t7 ,dng TB 9* cmng )[' /+ &4n hM* = OX hi 1' l*5B dgck (O ngh*!D g*5B dgc ,B tAB luKn ,c Puan tm, chCt lng chu <n mKn 9 chCt lng g*5B dgc tBn d*!n t*+D tgc ,c ,c mAnh 9 nng caB' TVng TJ h\c T*nh tBn x lk 1'3f1 h\c T*nh, gdm f4 lD TrBng ,&k R TrMng T%C(k 19 lD, /16 h\c T*nh, t7 l! h\c T*nh ,At )h5 g*}* ff, tJt ngh*!D 96 R TrMng t*ju h\ck 43 lD, H43 h\c T*nh, t7 l! h\c T*nh ,At )h5 g*}* ff, tJt ngh*!D 9H' R TrMng mhm nBnk f.. h\c T*nh, t7 l! 8e ngBan, 8e )hB ,At 6H' TrMng , ,At chucn QuJc g*a' 4' ThKng t*n, tu <n tru :n, T`TT R ThOc h*!n tJt cKng t5c tu <n tru :n ch tr#ng ch]nh T5ch ca 0ng, Dh5D lu=t ca Nh nc' R TV ch>c thnh cKng g** 8&ng ,5 ^LFng 0ng, mFng "un^'
44
R ;hJ* hD 9* %E* ngM* )hu +t t=t thnh DhJ tV ch>c g*aB lu 9n ngh! I c5c thKn' 3' t+ R dn TJ t+k ù trN tJt cKng t5c t+ dO DhXng, t+ c# TI, 8B 9! chm T&c T>c )hB 8 m, tr zm 9 )+ hBAch hB5 g*a ,Nnh' ThOc h*!n tJt c5c ch]nh T5ch 8B h*jm t+, )h5m chGa 8!nh chB ngM* ngh{B 9 tr zm d* H tuV*' H th5ng ,hu nm 4../, trAm t+ , )h5m chGa 8!nh chB 1'/6/ lt ngM*, )h5m 8!nh cCD thuJc m*nn Dh] chB 36H tr zm d* H tuV*' ThOc h*!n tJt mEt TJ Ch#ng trNnh QuJc g*a 9: t+, chm T&c T>c )hB cEng ,dng nhk Ch#ng trNnh DhXng chJng TJt ret, Ch#ng trNnh DhXng chJng %ZY1xZ(`, Ch#ng trNnh t*<m chng mI rEng 3' l*aB thKng' C5c tu +n ,Mng trBng x hhu h+t , ,c 8< tKng 9 nhOa h&a ghn nh tBn 8E tAB ,*:u )*!n thu=n l* chB 9*!c Dh5t tr*jn )*nh t+, 9n h&a 9 th#ng mA* tr<n ,-a 8n' f' xn n*nh, PuJc DhXng TNnh hNnh an n*nh ch]nh tr- ,c Vn ,-nh' CKng t5c Pun lQ, thzB d* ,J* 9* ngM* nc ngB* 9 th t]n, t*:n hng ,c tng cMng, ,m 8B xNTT tr<n ,-a 8n x' CKng t5c tuhn tra, canh g5c, Dh5t ,Eng Puhn chwng nhn dn ngn chqn 9 ,c lm* c5c t! nAn x hE*, 8B 9! t* Tn cKng dn, du trN g*M g*Cc trOc 9 xU lQ )-D thM* c5c tNnh huJng x ra' 0J* 9* PuJc DhXng k R 3V Tung hBn th*!n )+ hBAch ch*+n ,Cu tr- an, x dOng )+ hBAch cgm tu +n xTSC R ((C0, )+ hBAch Dh5t tr*jn dn Pun tO 9! thzB 3 trAng th5*' R TV ch>c thnh cKng c5c ,t huCn lu !n dn Pun tO 9! dB 8an ch$ hu Pun TO T; Thanh %&a tV ch>c' R %Bn thnh 1.. ch$ t*3n U!nh th! v 4! che kh0- c+ "ung Puanh )hu 9Oc ngha trang l )hu ,dng ruEng ca nhn ha* thKn L*nh TrA* 9 Thnh Tr\ng m )hKng c& d* t]ch l-ch TU hBqc c5c lBA* ,Eng 9=t hBqc thOc 9=t PuQ h*+m, c& ngu c# 8- tu !t chng'
43
Ch'/ng ) nh g! cc tc $ng %&! tr'(ng ).1. :guXn gf> tc $ng '.1.1. G%2% $Rn th% cng C5c ngudn Dh5t T*nh K nh*nm ch]nh trBng Pu5 trNnh ,hu t, mI rEng ngha trang Ch Nhng ch +u l x dOng tMng rB, )hu c5t t5ng c& thj t&m lc nh Tauk Ch1t thi rHn7 Dh5t T*nh tF c5c ngudnk ngu <n 9=t l*!u thFa, r#* 9*, chCt th* T*nh hBAt ca cKng nhn x dOng nhk x* mng, tCm lD, ,*nh Tit, d theD, l* ca, 8aB 8N, hED nhOa, thmng ch>a th*+t 8-, gAch 9, 9K* 9 r5c th* T*nh hBAt nh tw* n*lBn, g*C lEn ca cKng nhn th* ra' + [i7 ;h5t T*nh dB Pu5 trNnh 9=n chu jn ngu <n l*!u, 9=t l*!u x dOng 9 9=n chu jn trBng nE* 8E' `B 8Jc x+D, DhJ* trEn ngu <n 9=t l*!u 8< tKng uc5t, ,5, x* mngv )h* th* cKng , x dOng c5c hAng mgc' `B hBAt ,Eng th* )h&* ca c5c ,Eng c#, c5c th*+t 8- th* cKng um5 *, m5 xwc,'''v 9 c5c Dh#ng t*!n 9=n t*' Thnh Dhhn 8g* ch +u l 8g* ,Ct ,5, 8g* c5t, 8g* x*mng, 8g* )h&*' + 6ing n ;h5t T*nh tF Dh#ng t*!n 9=n t* 9B ra, cung >ng ngu <n 9=t l*!u x dOng 9 c5c th*+t 8-' TF c5c hBAt ,Eng x dOng, 8aB gdm c5c hBAt ,Eng ca th*+t 8- x dOng nhk m5 trEn, m5 *, m5 xwc,'''9 hBAt ,Eng ca cKng nhn x dOng' + ?i 2h- c 4f
;h5t T*nh tF )h] th* ca c5c ,Eng c# ,Jt trBng ca c5c Dh#ng t*!n 9=n t*, c5c Dh#ng t*!n th* cKng c# g** nhk C, C4, N4, (4, h#* xng,''' TF Pu5 trNnh Dhn hu7 c5c chCt hGu c# trBng chCt th* T*nh hBAt ca cKng nhn x dOng' + '#Pc thi TrBng g*a* ,BAn x dOng, nc cCD chB hBAt ,Eng x dOng ch +u dmng ,j trEn 9Ga, trEn 8< tKng' Nc th* ca g*a* ,BAn n gdm c& nc rUa c5t, ,5, 8B dng 8< tKng'''9 nc th* T*nh hBAt ca cKng nhn x dOng' 01t7 8aB gdm ,Ct ,B m&ng c5c cKng trNnh x dOng nh I, ,Ct ,B n:n ,Mng, ,Ct ,B ,iD c5c h! thJng cung cCD 9 t*a, ,Mng Jng, hd xU lQ nc th*, ,Ct Tan gqt mqt 8yng' '.1.1. G%2% $Rn hRt $.ng TrBng Pu5 trNnh hBAt ,Eng ca ngha trang ]t nh*:u c~ng g nh hIng t* chCt lng mK* trMng xung Puanh, 8aB gdm c5c ngudn nhk chCt th* T*nh hBAt, nc ma ch trn, nc r$, 8g* Dh5t T*nh tF c5c Dh#ng t*!n ra 9B ngha trang )h* ,a l*nh cGu ,* ma* t5ng, )h] th* Dh5t T*nh tF Pu5 trNnh ,Jt 9ng m, ,d dmng c5 nhn ca ngM* Pu5 cJ utrBng Pu5 trNnh hung t5ngv, hXm 95n 9 nhGng 9=t dgng )h5c utrBng Pu5 trNnh c5t t5ngv' C5c +u tJ K nh*nm ch]nh 9 ngudn gJc Dh5t T*nh ,c mK t I 8ng H' @0ng 11. Cc yu t! nhi3m ch-nh BC ngu n g!c Rht Iinh
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K nh*nm nck c5c ch$ t*<u h&a lQ, chCt rin l# lUng, 3`, C`, 9* T*nh 9=t dhu m K nh*nm ,Ctk nh hIng ,+n c5c 9* T*nh 9=t c& l* trBng ,Ct, thB5* h&a ,Ct, tha ,V* thnh Dhhn c# lQ, h&a ca ,Ct, tha ,V* mgc ,]ch TU dgng ,Ct nh*nm dB chCt th* rin T*nh TF T*nh hBAt ca C3CNY 8an Pun trang hBAt nh*nm dB chCt th* rink 8aB TrBng hBAt ,Eng hung t5ng, c5t t5ng' 8N, g* lau, 9Xng hBa, 9ng h#ng, gp hXm 95n '''
:guXn gTc pht U!nh R %BAt ,Eng ca c5c Dh#ng t*!n g*aB thKng ra 9B ngha trang R %BAt ,Eng hung t5ng, c5t t5ng R %BAt ,Eng lm 9*!c, T*nh hBAt ca C3CNY 8an Pun trang R %#* xng, dhu ca c5c Dh#ng t*!n c# g** ra 9B ngha trang R %BAt ,Eng ca c5c Dh#ng t*!n c# g** ra 9B ngha trang R 0Jt 9ng m, ,d dmng c5 nhn ca ngM* ch+t R CJng rnh thB5t nc th* R %! thJng hd xU lQ nc th*, nh 9! T*nh' R 0Jt than, ,Jt nh*<n l*!u )h* nCu 8+D tA* nh n R Nc th* T*nh hBAt ca C3CNY R Nc ma ch trn R Nc r$ ca ngha trang `B nc r$ tF c5c )hu mE ra mK* trMng )hKng ,c thu gBm, xU lQ'
).2. W# ,- nhhng r! r- v U# cT %&! tr'(ng TrBng g*a* ,BAn th* cKng, x dOng c5c hAng mgc cKng trNnh dB t]nh chCt ca cKng 9*!c l ,#n g*n n<n hhu nh )hKng c& c5c r* rB 9 TO cJ mK* trMng x ra' s* rB c& thj x ra l ta* nAn laB ,Eng ,J* 9* cKng nhn th* cKng tr<n cKng trMng'
4H
TrBng hBAt ,Eng ca ngha trang c5c r* rB 9 TO cJ mK* trMng Dh5t T*nh trBng Pu5 trNnh 9=n hnh ngha trang c& thj Dhn thnh ha* lBA*k c5c r* rB 9 TO cJ x ra trBng DhAm 9* ngha trang, c5c r* rB mK* trMng xung Puanh ngha trang' Tu nh*<n lBA* r* rB 9 TO cJ x ra trBng DhAm 9* ngha trang hhu nh )hKng ,5ng )j u9] dg nh ch5 nVv,9'9' C5c TO cJ lBA* n thMng c& Pu mK nh}, )h nng x ra thCD, 9*!c )hic Dhgc c~ng dn dng' (O cJ ngu <n nhn x hE* c& thj Dh5t T*nh dB tm lQ )hKng thB5* m5* ca ngM* dn 8I* )hBng c5ch ca ngha trang ,+n )hu dn c )hKng ln' C5c hBAt ,Eng th*<u hu7, ,Jt c5c 9=t dgng ca ngM* Pu5 cJ trBng c 4 g*a* ,BAn hung t5ng 9 c5t t5ng, ngudn nc r$ ra tF ngha trang ,:u nh hIng 1 Dhhn ,+n cuEc TJng ca ngM* dn )hu 9Oc' C5c ngu <n nhn tr<n c& thj d_n t* xung ,Et g*Ga CKng t mK* trMng 9 cKng trNnh ,K th- Thanh %&a, 8an Pun trang 9 ngM* dn ,-a Dh#ng, chn 8n 8Ac ,j ,a ra g** Dh5D hD lQ' ).). .T! t'Hng v 7u> %& ,6 tc $ng R 0J* tng 8- t5c ,Eng l mK* trMng ,Ct, nc, )hKng )h], T>c )h}z cBn ngM* uC3CNY 8an Pun trangv, mEt TJ hE dn xung Puanh )hu 9Oc, cnh Puan mK* trMng, )*nh t+ x hE*' R Qu mK 8- t5c ,Eng ca ngha trang l )hu dn c xung Puanh ngha trang ,qc 8*!t l c5c hE dn nym 9: Dh]a T 3ic 9 T Nam, , l nhGng )hu 9Oc ch-u nh hIng ca 4 hng g*& ch ,AB l 0Kng Nam 9B mma h{ 9 9 0Kng 3ic 9B mma ,Kng' ).=. .nh g! tc $ng '.4.1. 0c $.ng $ n m% tr,1ng khng kh6 Ngudn Dh5t T*nh c5c chCt )h] ,Ec hA* uC, N", (4, C4, %4(, C%fv g K nh*nm mK* trMng )hKng )h] ch +u gdmk R ?h] th*, 8g* Dh5t T*nh tF c5c Dh#ng t*!n 9=n t*, th* cKng, chu <n chI 9=t l*!u x dOng ch +u ch$ nh hIng ,+n mK* trMng nE* 8E 8<n trBng ngha trang, mEt Dhhn nh hIng ,+n tu +n ,Mng d\c thzB )<nh 3ic 9 mK* trMng )hu 9Oc dn c xung Puanh' 4/
R ?h] th* dB ,Jt 9ng h#ng, ,d dmng c5 nhn ca ngM* ch+t nh hIng ,+n mK* trMng 8<n trBng ngha trang 9 nh hIng 1 Dhhn ,+n mK* trMng )hKng )h] )hu 9Oc dn c xung Puanh uch +u dn c thKn L*nh TrA*v' R ?h], h#* thB5t ra tF c5c )hu mE hung t5ng )h* t*+n hnh c5t t5ngk nh hIng trBng DhAm 9* ngha trang, trOc t*+D ,+n C3CNY 8an Pun trang, g*a ch ngM* Pu5 cJ' T5c ,Eng ca chwng 9 8*!n Dh5D g*m th*ju T| ,c Dhn t]ch trBng ch#ng Tau' T*+ng dn, ,E rungk T*+ng dn Dh5t T*nh tF hBAt ,Eng ca c5c Dh#ng t*!n c# g**, tF c5c hBAt ,Eng hung t5ng 9 c5t t5ng, nhng m>c ,E )hKng ,5ng )j' T5c ,Eng ca c5c chCt K nh*nmk R T5c hA* ca 8g*k 3g* g ra nh*:u t5c hA* )h5c nhau ,J* 9* T>c )hB cBn ngM*k 8g* c& thj g tVn th#ng ,J* 9* mit, da nhng ch +u 9_n l TO thm nh=D ca 8g* 9B DhV* g n<n Dhn >ng x# h&a DhV* 9 c5c 8!nh 9: ,Mng hK hCD' R ?h] (x, Nx l c5c )h] ax*t, )h* t*+D xwc 9* n*<m mAc cm t T| tAB thnh c5c )h] ax*t (x, Nx 9B c# thj Pua ,Mng hK hCD hBqc hB tan 9B nc 8\t rd* 9B ,Mng t*<u hB5 Tau ,& Dhn t5n 9B m5u' (x, Nx )h* )+t hD 9* 8g* tAB thnh c5c hAt 8g* ax*t l# lUng' N+u )]ch thc 8g* n nh} h#n 4R3 m T| 9B t* Dh+ nang, 8- ,A* thOc 8B Dh5 hu7 hBqc ,a ,+n h! thJng 8Ach hu +t' (x c& thj nh*nm ,Ec Pua da g TO chu jn hB5 tBan t]nh lm g*m dO trG )*:m trBng m5u, ,B th* amBn*ac ra nc t*ju 9 )*:m ra nc 8\t' TCt c c5c lBA* N*t# Bx*t uNxv ,:u c& t5c ,Eng trBng mK* trMng )hKng )h] g*Jng N4' N4 ,c xzm l hD chCt ch +u trBng chup* Dhn >ng cOc t]m 9* h ,rBcac8Bn trBng )h] th* ca m5 m&c th*+t 8- tAB muE* )h&* c& t]nh Kx h&a mAnh' N4 ,c hNnh thnh nh Tn Dhcm cuJ* cmng ca Pu5 trNnh ,Jt nh*<n l*!u trBng c5c ,Eng c# ,Jt trBng' TrBng c5c lBA* Nx thN N4, N 9 N4W l ,5ng Puan tm h#n c' @0ng 12 + 6c hi c* '\; :Xng $ :Z2 bpp%c W.R1.. *h(! g!an t!?p xic HR6 tuhn Bu 7u0 Y*<m cuJng DhV* 9 mng DhV* 46
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0Ec t]nh chung ca (x thj h*!n I TO rJ* lBAn chu jn hB5 DrBtz*n 9 ,Mng, th*+u 9*tam*n 3 9 C, >c ch+ z m Bx daa' (O hCD thg lng ln ( x c& )h nng g 8!nh chB h! tAB hu +t 9 tAB ra mzthzmBglB8*n tng cMng Pu5 trNnh Bx hB5 z4 thnh z3' 0J* 9* thOc 9=t, c5c )h] (x, Nx )h* 8- K x hB5 trBng )hKng )h] 9 )+t hD 9* nc ma tAB thnh ma ax*t g nh hIng t* TO Dh5t tr*jn ca c trdng 9 thm thOc 9=t' ?h* ndng ,E (x trBng )hKng )h] )hBng 1R4DDm c& thj g tVn th#ng ,J* 9* l5 c Tau 9* g*M t*+D xwc' 0J* 9* c5c lB* thOc 9=t nhA cm g** hAn g ,Ec )*nh n*<n )hBng .,1WR.,3 DDm' NhA cm nhCt ,J* 9* ( 4 l ,Eng thOc 9=t 8=c thCD nh r<u, ,-a ' 0J* 9* 9=t l*!u, TO c& mqt ca ( x, Nx trBng )hKng )h] n&ng cm lm tng cMng Pu5 trNnh n mXn )*m lBA*, Dh5 hu7 8< tKng 9 c5c cKng trNnh x dOng' = ?h] C 9 C4k C dn g ,Ec dB )+t hD )h5 8:n 9Gng 9* hzmBglB8*n thnh cac8Bx hzmBglB8*n d_n ,+n g*m )h nng 9=n chu jn K x ca m5u ,+n c5c tV ch>c t+ 8B' C4 g rJ* lBAn hK hCD DhV* 9 t+ 8B dB ch*+m mCt chp ca K x ' LEt TJ ,qc trng g ngE ,Ec ca C4 nh Tauk @0ng 1)5 0Uc tr#ng gGy ng c c* C\; :Xng $ CZ2 bpp%c W.'... 1..'... @!ju h!"n $c t<nh ?h& thI, nh>c ,hu NgCt, ngAt thI
R 0E dn caB h#n t*c )hB nh g mCt ng, m!t m}*, tm lQ )h& ch-u, mCt t=D trung )h* lm 9*!c dn g ta* nAn laB ,Eng, n+u caB Pu5 T| g 8!nh ,*+c ngh: ngh*!D' '.4.2. 0c $.ng $ n m% tr,1ng n,Tc = '#Pc thi Iinh h@t7 S lBA* nc th* ra Tau )h* TU dgng chB c5c nhu chu T*nh hBAt ca C3CNY 8an Pun trang nhk n uJng, tim rUa, 9! T*nh ''' Nc th* lBA* n thnh Dhhn ch +u ch>a cqn 8, c5c chCt hGu c# u3`v, c5c
49
chCt d*nh dng utVng N 9 ;v, 9* T*nh 9=t' Sng nc n ch$ nh hIng ,+n mK* trMng t*+D nh=n xung Puanh ngha trang, )hKng nh hIng ,+n dn c xung Puanh )hu 9Oc' Y* lng C3CNY 8an Pun trang h*!n na l 14 ngM*, trBng ,&k R 1. ngM* lm 9*!ck 1.h1ng R 4 ngM* lm 9*!c 9 trOck 4fh1ng Y* tVng lng nc T*nh hBAt T3 ca mEt ngM* dmng trBng 1 ng lk .,1W m31ng , thN lng nc T*nh hBAt t]nh T3 trBng ng dB 8n Pun trang dmng )hBngk 1 m31ng ' TrBng ,& nc th* dmng I c5c 8j tO hBA* c )hBng .,4 m31ng ' ThzB t]nh tB5n thJng )< ca tV ch>c t+ th+ g** tA* nh*:u QuJc g*a ,ang Dh5t tr*jn, )hJ* lng c5c chCt K nh*nm trBng nc th* T*nh hBAt dB mp* ngM* ,a 9B mK* trMng un+u )hKng Pua xU lQv nh Tauk @0ng 1=5 ' ng nhi3m tr@ng n#Pc thi Iinh h@t Che t!3u & nh!g% 3`W C` ChCt rin l# lUng u((v `hu m TVng N*t# xmBn* TVng ;hBTDhB Y* T*nh 9=tk TVng cBl*oBrm zcal cBl*oBrm Tr>ng g*un T5n \hT! l'Hng bgGng'(!Gng>c fW R WW /4 R 1.4 /. R 1fW 1. R 3. H R 14 4,6 R f,6 .,6 R f,. L;N11.. ml 1.H R 1.9 1.W R 1.H 1.3
= '#Pc r> t] ngh^* tr*ng7 0 l ngudn nc c& m>c ,E nh hIng trOc t*+D 9 ln nhCt ,+n chCt lng ngudn nc d* ,Ct, ch>a nh*:u c5c chCt ,Ec hA* nhk dhu m, N*t#, ;hBtDhB, 9* )hucn,'''9 g*5n t*+D nh hIng ,+n ngudn nc T*nh hBAt ca nhn dn trBng )hu 9Oc' 0*:u n 1 Dhhn , thj h*!n trBng c5c m_u nc g*+ng , Dhn t]ch I ch#ng 4 = '#Pc m#* chy trCn7 YB mma ma, nc ma ch trn tr<n mqt ,Ct )hu 9Oc ngha trang T| cuJn thzB c5c chCt cqn 8, c5c chCt hGu c# 9 ,Ct c5t' (B
3.
9* nc th*, nc ma )h5 TAch n<n n& T| Dha lBng c5c chCt K nh*nm' T5c ,Eng ln nhCt dB nc ma ch trn g ra l ndng ,E chCt rin l# lUng caB lm ,gc ngudn nc 9 nh hIng t* mK* trMng TJng ca th T*nh 9=t' Sng nc n hhu nh )hKng nh hIng ,+n mK* trMng xung Puanh' Ndng ,E c5c chCt K nh*nm trBng nc ma ch trn Pua )hu 9Oc ngha trang tr*jn )ha* c t]nhk 0E D%k H,W R 6 TVng N*t#k .,W R 1,W mg1l' ;hBtDhBk .,..f t .,.3 mg1l Nhu chu Bx h&a h\c uC`vk 1. R 4. mg1l TVng chCt rin l# lUng uT((vk 1. R 4. mg1l' T((k 1.. t 4.. mg1l Tr>ng g*un T5nk 1.3 uL;N11.. mlv' T5c ,Eng ca c5c chCt K nh*nm trBng mK* trMng nc' Qu5 trNnh Dhn h T*nh h\c c5c chCt hGu c# lm g*m ndng ,E Bx hXa tan trBng nc' ?h* ndng ,E Bx trBng nc g*m xuJng Pu5 thCD thN c5c lB* th T*nh 9=t T| g*m' TA* c5c )hu 9Oc c& ndng ,E Bx hXa tan xuJng Pu5 thCD dB c5c chCt hGu c# Dhn h mAnh thN T| x ra Pu5 trNnh Dhn h )r )h] lD 8mn ,5 , Dh5t T*nh mm* hK* thJ*, , l mK* trMng )hKng thu=n l* chB c5c T*nh 9=t TJng d* nc' C5c t5c nhn g K nh*nm mK* trMng nc' 9 D%k l +u tJ t5c ,Eng rCt mAnh ,+n T*nh 9=t thu7 T*nh' ?h* ,E D% ca 9Oc nc tha ,V*, cn 8yng T*nh th5* ca 9Oc nc T| 8- t5c ,Eng, n+u tha ,V* ln T| Dh5 9 cn 8yng T*nh th5*, nh*:u lB* thu7 T*nh 9=t T| 8- t*<u d*!t' = ` u `*TTBl9zd Bx gzn v LEt trBng nhGng ch$ t*<u Puan tr\ng nhCt ca nc l hm lng Bx hB tan, 9N Bx )hKng thj th*+u ,c ,J* 9* tCt c c5c T*nh 9=t TJng tr<n cAn c~ng nh d* nc' x du trN Pu5 trNnh traB ,V* chCt, T*nh ra nng lng chB TO T*nh trIng' x l chCt )h] )h& hB tan trBng nc, )hKng t5c dgng 9* nc 9: mqt hB5 h\c' 0E tan ca n& Dhg thuEc rCt ln 9B c5c +u tJ nh 5D TuCt, nh*!t ,E 9 c5c ,qc t]nh ca ngudn nc th*' Ndng ,E 8B hB ca Bx trBng nc I nh*!t ,E chB trc c& thj t]nh thzB ,-nh lu=t %znr ' Ndng ,E n thMng
31
nym trBng )hBng 6 1W mg1l]t I nh*!t ,E 8Nnh thMng' ?h* th* c5c chCt th* TU dgng Bx 9B c5c ngudn nc, Pu5 trNnh Bx hB5 chwng T| lm g*m ndng ,E Bx hB tan trBng c5c ngudn nc n , th=m ch] ,z dBA TO TJng ca c5c lB* c5 c~ng nh T*nh 9=t TJng trBng nc' R Nhu chu Kx T*nh h&a 3` u3*Bchzm*cal Bx gzn `zmandv Nhu chu Bx T*nh hB5 l ch$ t*c ,E K nh*nm ca nc th* n&* chung 9 nc th* ngha trang n&* r*<ng' 3` ,c ,-nh ngha l lng Bx T*nh 9=t , TU dgng trBng Pu5 trNnh Bx hB5 c5c chCt hGu c#' ;h#ng trNnh tVng Pu5t ca Dhn >ng n nh Tau k
Vi khun
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CXn lng 3` , 8- 9* )hucn TU dgng ,+n thM* ,*jm t 8Ct )[ T| 8yng k 3`t S. u 1R zR)t v Tr<n thOc t+ ngB* Pu5 trNnh Bx hB5 T*nh h\c thnh Dhhn Cac8Bn ca chCt th* cXn c& )h nng tng th<m nhu chu Bx T*nh hB5 dB Pu5 trNnh Bx hB5 c5c hD chCt n*t#' Ch$ t*<u n chB 8*+t TJ lng Kx t*<u thg 8I* c5c 9* T*nh 9=t h*+m )h] tdn tA* trBng nc th*' ThzB Pu c 9*!c ,B ch$ t*<u n ,c thOc h*!n I ,*:u )*!n 4..C trBng W ng , 9N 9= n& ,c g\* l 3` W tha chB tVng nhu chu Kx T*nh h&a thzB lQ thu +t 3` f' ThKng thMng c5c chCt hGu c#
34
cac8Bn 8- Kx h&a nhanh h#n TB 9* c5c hD chCt n*t#, nh 9= g*5 tr- 3` W ch +u 8*ju th- lng c5c hD chCt cac8Bn dn Dhn h ' R Nhu chu Kx h&a h\c uC`v C` 8*ju th- lng Bx t#ng ,#ng ca c5c thnh Dhhn hGu c# c& trBng nc th* c& thj 8- Kx h&a 8I* c5c chCt Kx h&a h&a h\c mAnh' Tm thuEc 9B ,*:u )*!n cg thj ca ngudn th*, thKng thMng C` l*<n Puan ,+n 3`, cac8Bn hGu c# 9 c5c chCt hGu c# trBng nc th*' %*!n na c& 4 Dh#ng Dh5D x5c ,-nh C` thKng dgng l dmng ?Ln f lm chCt Kx h&a chB g*5 tr- C` Ln 9 chCt Kx h&a ?4Cr4/ chB g*5 tr- C`Cr' ?h* C` 9 3` trBng nc ln, ` g*m T| nh hIng ,+n Pu5 trNnh hK hCD ca T*nh 9=t thu7 T*nh' R x*t n*t# 9 xmBnk N*t# tdn tA* I nhGng dAng )h5c nhau nh n*trat, n*tr*t, amBn 9 c5c dAng hGu c#' Chwng c& 9a* trX Puan tr\ng trBng h! T*nh th5* nc' N*t# l mEt lBA* )h] ch>a nh*:u trBng )h] Pu jn 9 tJ* chn th*+t chB ,M* TJng T*nh 9=t 9N l mEt thnh Dhhn ca DrBtz*n' Nhng mEt lng ln n*trat T| g n<n t5c ,Eng d chu :n, ,qc 8*!t trBng c5c h! T*nh th5* nc' Trc h+t, n& tng cMng TO T*nh trIng, Dh5t tr*jn ca thOc 9=t 9 tng T>c Tn xuCt T# cCD' (au )h* ch+t, chwng lm tng lng chCt hGu c# 9 c5c Puhn thj 9* T*nh 9=t DhBng Dhw Dh5t tr*jn tr<n c5c c# chCt hGu c# n 9 trBng Pu5 trNnh hK hCD, hhu nh tCt c K x hB tan ,c TU dgng' (O th*+u K x g n<n Pu5 trNnh l<n mzn, thJ* rGa, lm ch+t c5 9 K nh*nm trhm tr\ng' N*trat 9 N*tr*t uN3R, N4Rv thMng ch>a ]t I nc 8: mqt, TBng I nc nghm lA* c& thj caB' Ndng ,E caB ca N*trat 9 N*tr*t trBng nc uJng T| g ra 8!nh t=t, ,qc 8*!t I tr zm g\* l 8!nh ^xanh 8ng^' %m lng N*trat )hKng ,c ln h#n 1.mg1l trBng nc uJng' N*tr*t c~ng c& t5c ,Eng g 8!nh xanh da 9N n& tAB thnh ax*t n*t# trBng nc t5c ,Eng 9* am*n ,j hNnh thnh n*trBTam*n, mEt trBng TJ nhGng chCt n l c5c t5c nhn g 8!nh ung th' `B h*jm hBA ca N*trat 9 N*tr*t ,J* 9* T>c )hB cBn ngM*, chB n<n chwng ,c cB* l nhGng ch$ t*<u Puan tr\ng ,j ,5nh g*5 chCt lng nc'
33
xmBn uN%fv trBng nc tAB thnh 8I* Pu5 trNnh )hU am*n ud*am*nv ca nhGng hD chCt hGu c#' N%f trBng nc Tau mEt thM* g*an T| 8- Kx hB5 trI thnh dAng N*trat 9 N*tr*t' Sng n*t# 9 DhBtDhB trBng nc Pu5 ln T| g h*!n tng Dhw dng, ^8mng nV^ ca tB I ngudn nc t*+D nh=n, 8I* thzB ngh*<n c>u ca c5c nh )hBa h\c chB 8*+t n*t# 9 DhBt DhB ,&ng 9a* trX Puan tr\ng trBng Pu5 trNnh Dh5t tr*jn ca c5c lB* tB ,c thj h*!n Pua Pu5 trNnh Puang hD d* , k 1.H C4 1H N3R %;f4R 144 %4 136 4 16 % C1.H%4H311.N1H;
Cmng 9* +u tJ n*t# 9 DhBtDhB thN c5c lB* tB T| Dh5t tr*jn nhanh trBng mma cAn )h* lu lng nc Dha lBng g*m xuJng 9 )h nng tO lm TAch ca nc )em ,*' '.4.'. Ch@t th% rUn R ChCt th* rin T*nh hBAt gdm c5c lBA* Tauk g*C c5c lBA*, 9} hED, th t*nh, r5c nhOa c5c lBA*, th>c n thFa, 9} hBa Pu,'''9* tVng lng T3 l 1.)g1ng ',<m' TrBng ,& ch +u l r5c th* hGu c# trBng Pu5 trNnh T*nh hBAt ch*+m )hBng W.RH. tVng lng r5c th*' R s5c th* Dh5t T*nh tF c5c hBAt ,Eng cwng 85*, ,Jt Puhn 5B ,d dmng ca ngM* Pu5 cJ nh 9ng, h#ng, trB' R s5c th* Dh5t T*nh tF Pu5 trNnh chu jn mE tF hung t5ng Tang c5t t5ng ch +u l 95n thK*, tCt ta , chn 9 9* cha Dhn hu7 h+t' ?hJ* lng r5c th* ca 4 ngudn tr<n 8*+n ,Eng, )hKng Vn ,-nh' '.4.4. 0c $.ng $ n m% tr,1ng k%nh t Q IS h.% NhNn chung t5c ,Eng tF c5c hBAt ,Eng ca ngha trang Ch Nhng nh hIng )hKng tJt t* tm lQ ca ngM* dn xung Puanh )hu 9Oc, nh hIng Dhhn nB ,+n mK* trMng xung Puanh' Tu nh*<n Pu5 trNnh hBAt ,Eng ca ngha trang Ch Nhng l chn th*+t, ,m 8B TO t=D trung, tr5nh TO tn mAn ca c5c ngha trang trBng DhAm 9* TD Thanh %&a, tr5nh TO lng Dh] Pu@ ,Ct, nh hIng ,+n m@ Puan trung ca Thnh DhJ Thanh %B5'
3f
Ch'/ng = @!"n php g!0% th!ju tc $ng xuV phkng ngla v ng ph1 U# cT %&! tr'(ng =.1. Cc ,!"n php g!0% th!ju tc $ng ?n %&! tr'(ng 0j g*m th*ju K nh*nm mK* trMng dB t5c ,Eng ca ngha trang, CKng tu LK* trMng 9 cKng trNnh ,K th- Thanh %&a T| thOc h*!n c5c g** Dh5D Tauk 4.1.1. G%m th%&u nh%Vm OR kh6 th% Nh , mK t I Dhhn ngudn t5c ,Eng, ,j g*m th*ju c5c t5c nhn K nh*nm nh hIng ,+n T>c )hB C3CNY 8an Pun trang c~ng nh ca g*a ch, c5c g** Dh5D chn th*+t lk R %An ch+ t* m>c c& thj 9*!c ,Jt h#ng, 9ng m )h* hung t5ng, c5t t5ng' R ?h* t*+n hnh c5t t5ng, C3CNY 8an Pun trang c~ng nh ca g*a ch ,>ng I ,hu hng g*&' NhGng ngM* t*+n hnh 9*!c Dh5 d Puan t*, x+D h* cJt ngM* Pu5 cJ chn Dh* trang 8- ,h , dgng cg 8B hE nh gng ta , ng, Puhn 5B 8B hE, )hcu trang'
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R `mng ngudn T5ng l ,*!n, ,{n D*n, )hKng ,Jt c5c lBA* lJD xz h}ng ,j tAB ngudn T5ng chB 9*!c t*+n hnh c5t t5ng udB 9*!c c5t t5ng thMng t*+n hnh 9B 8an ,<mv' R u t*<n 8V Tung trdng c5c lBA* c xanh c& t5n rEng, mm* th#m, hwt ,c c5c )h] ,Ec nhk hBa lBng nB, )hu nh d*!D, hBa TGa, 8ng, Dhng,''',j tAB ,*:u )*!n 9* )h] h=u, c* th*!n mK* trMng I d\c c5c tu +n ,Mng nE* 8E, xung Puanh )hu 9Oc hd nc trBng ngha trang 9* c5ch th>c trdng xzn )| 1,W R 4m11 c ' R ThMng xu <n )*jm tra, tha th+ nhGng niD cJng h}ng, ,-nh )[ t*+n hnh nAB 9et cJng rnh thB5t nc' 4.1.2. G%m th%&u nh%Vm OR n,Tc th% Nc th* T*nh hBAtk R Nc tF )hu 9! T*nhk tim rUa, g*qt r~''' lng nc n ch*+m t7 tr\ng ln u/.R 6.v nc th* T*nh hBAt, ndng ,E c5c chCt K nh*nm lA* )hKng caB n<n c& thj th* ra mK* trMng Tau )h* Pua h! thJng thu gBm, xU lQ T# 8E nh h! thJng nc ma ch trn' Nc th* tF c5c )hu nh 9! T*nh uhJ t*<u, hJ t*juv c& ndng ,E c5c chCt K nh*nm caB, ,c xU lQ 8yng c5c g** Dh5D hGu h*!u' %*!n na , c& rCt nh*:u Dh#ng Dh5D xU lQ nc th* 9! T*nh n , nhng dB t]nh chCt, )hJ* lng ca nc th*, ,qc ,*jm )h] h=u, ,-a hNnh n<n Dh#ng Dh5D Dhm hD nhCt m dO 5n lOa ch\n l Dh#ng Dh5D xU lQ 8yng 8j tO hBA*' 3j tO hBA* l cKng trNnh xU lQ nc th* ,dng thM* lm c5c ch>c nngk ling Dhn hu7 cqn ling 9 l\c' Cqn ling g*G trBng 8j tF H R 6 th5ng, d* t5c dgng ca 9* T*nh 9=t )r )h], c5c chCt hGu c# 8- Dhn hu7, mEt Dhhn tAB thnh c5c chCt )h], mEt Dhhn tAB thnh c5c chCt 9K c# hB tan' Nc th* ,c ling trBng 8j ling 9* thM* g*an d* ,j ,m 8B h*!u TuCt ling caB'
3H
BEnh 15 CCu tAB 8j tO hBA* 3 ngn c& ngn l\c 6-nh t@n thW t-ch /W t h@i7 x x N x T11... um3v xk T*<u chucn th* ul]t1ngM*1ng k trung 8Nnh 4. l]tv Nk (J ngM* TU dgng nh 9! T*nh tO hBA*' Tk ThM* g*an nc th* lu lA* 8j tO hBA* u4. R W. ng v' `B ,*:u )*!n )h] h=u nh*!t ,* n&ng, cm ca Y*!t Nam n<n c& thj ch\n thM* g*an lu nc th* trBng 8j l 4. ng ' Y*k x 4., N 14, T 4., thN dung t]ch 8j tO hBA* l W m3' %*!u Pu xU lQ nc th* T*nh hBAt ,c na mE hung t5ng trBng )hu ngha trang nh Tauk R CBT ,5 m#ng thCD h#n cBT ,5 mE hung t5ng 1. cm' R 05 m#ng ,c x 8yng gAch ,qc, tr5t x* mng, rEng 3.cm R Thnh trBng ca m#ng ut*+D g*5D 9* c5c lK ,Ct ch>a mE hung t5ngv ,c ){ 8yng ,5 hEc ulBA* nh}v ,j ngCm nc r$ ra tF c5c )hu mE, thnh ngB* m#ng ,c x 8yng gAch ,qc, tr5t x* mng' Ch*:u caB thnh m#ng )hBng 4m' R NiD m#ng l niD 8< tKng c& thj th5B dM*' Nc r$ thzB h! thJng m#ng d_n ,c d_n 9B h! thJng xU lQ ,j xU lQ trc )h* ch ra mK* trMng uh! thJng ,c n<u cg thj Dhhn trNnh 8 Dh]a Tauv' 0J* 9* c5c lK ,Ct dnh chB hung t5ng trBng t#ng la*k ,J* 9* mp* lK )h* x dOng Dh* th*+t )+ ch{n lD ,Ct Tet hBqc ,qt 1 lD 9* ,-a )@ thu=t I ,E Tu )hBng 3m t]nh tF mqt ,Ct utr~ng I g*Gav' (au ,& th*+t )+ liD ,qt c5c Jng d_n nc 8yng nhOa ;YC c& ,hu d_n ,qt I ,*jm tr~ng ,j d_n nc r$ ra h! thJng xU lQ ,j xU lQ' `B t]nh chCt ca nc r$ ra tF )hu mE hung t5ng c& thnh Dhhn K nh*nm ch]nh l dhu m, ;hBtDhB, 9* )hucn n<n Tau )h* ,c d_n ra Pua h! thJng
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m#ng d_n umK t I tr<nv thN nc r$ c& thj* ,c xU lQ 8yng c5c Dh#ng Dh5D nh Tauk 2. Wh,Nng php k t t2 OXng cc mu+% k%m lR% R `mng 8_ dhu m ,j t5ch 8} dhu m' R (au ,& nc th* ,c d_n ,* ,j xU lQ thzB Dh#ng Dh5D )+t ta DhBTDhB 9* muJ* )*m lBA* uthMng l c5c muJ* z(f, zCl4, xl4u(fv4v' Chu jn DhBTDhB thnh dAng )+t ta l# lUng, Tau ,& lBA* 8} c5c hAt l# lUng' C5c ax*t %4(f 9 %Cl T*nh ra ,c trung hB 8yng nc 9K* trBng Cau%v4' TrBng nc th* DhBTDhB tdn tA* d* 3 dAng BctBDhBTDhatu; f3Rv, DBl DhBTDhB 9 DhBTDhB hGu c# uc5c hD chCt hGu c# c& ch>a DhBTDhBv' Nh 9= muJn xU lQ DhBTDhB 8yng Dh#ng Dh5D hB5 h\c h*!u Pu Dh* chu jn c5c dAng tdn tA* ca DhBTDhB Tang ;f3R' ;Bl DhBTDhat dn 8- thu7 Dhn trBng mK* trMng ac*d +u u;% thCDv cXn DhBTDhB hGu c# )h& 8- thu7 Dhn nhng lA* dn 8- Dhn hu7 T*nh h\c' YN 9= trBng g*a* ,BAn xU lQ T*nh h\c uc& ;% thCDv thN DBl DhBTDhB 9 DhBTDhB hGu c# chu jn thnh BctBDhBTDhat' ?h* ;f3R , tAB )+t ta thN ,a Dhhn )h& ling ,j tng Pu5 trNnh xU lQ, ngB* 9*!c ,a *Bn )*m lBA* chn th<m chCt )zB tg uDBl mztanv' ;Bl mztan ,c th<m 9B TaB chB )jt ta tAB thnh c& thj ,c lBA* ra cmng 8mn th* ca Pu5 trNnh xU lQ T*nh h\c' ;Bl mztan tAB )+t ta ,c ,a 9B g*a* ,BAn nc , xU lQ trc )h* ,a 9B th*+t 8- ling th> 4' ?+t ta tAB thnh ,c t5ch ra nhM 8j ling 8V Tung' 0j ,At h*!u Pu caB chB Pu5 trNnh xU lQ, )+t hD Dh#ng Dh5D tr<n 9* Dh#ng Dh5D T*nh h\c u8j T*nh h\c ,c liD ,qt h! thJng c5nh PuAt )huC ,B ,j 8V Tung Bx v' Cau%v4 trung hB %4(f 9 %Cl ,c 8V Tung 9B 8j ling 4'
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u %! ThJng 4 g*a* ,BAnv TrBng h! thJng xU lQ 4 g*a* ,BAn 9K* ,c chB 9B trc )h* ling lhn 1 ,j nng D% l<n 11' Swc n DhBtDhB dAng tan trBng nc T| 8- )+t ta d* dAng h drBx laDt*t, cax*cac8Bn5t c~ng )+t ta 9 ,&ng 9a* trX nh chCt )zB tg g*wD lBA* 8} ,c chCt rCn l# lUng' Sng thFa canx* tan trBng nc th* ,c lBA* 8} d* dAng CaC 3 trBng 8j ling 4 dB ,c Tgc )h] C4 lhn 1 lm g*m D% ,+n 1. Cau%v4 C4 CaC3 %4 Qua c5c Dh#ng Dh5D xU lQ I tr<n chB thC k R ;h#ng Dh5D TU dgng muJ* )*m lBA*k u ,*jm ca Dh#ng Dh5D l tAB ra lng 8mn th* ]t, nhng nhc ,*jm ca Dh#ng Dh5D l g*5 thnh xU lQ )h5 caB' R ;h#ng Dh5D TU dgng muJ* Canx* u9K* tK*vk Nhc ,*jm ca Dh#ng Dh5D l tAB ra lng 8mn th* ln h#n, nhng u ,*jm ca Dh#ng Dh5D l g*5 thnh xU lQ thCD' TrBng 4 trMng hD h! thJng 1 g*a* ,BAn 9 4 g*a* ,BAn thN trMng hD h! thJng 1 g*a* ,BAn ,#n g*n, Dhm hD 9* t]nh chCt xU lQ nc r$ tF ngha trang h#n' TF nhGng lQ dB tr<n, ,J* 9* 9*!c xU lQ nc r$ tF ngha trang TU dgng Dh#ng Dh5D dmng muJ* canx* u9K* tK*v trBng trMng hD 1 g*a* ,BAn l Dhm hD' `B t]nh chCt ca nc r$ )hKng ,-nh lng mEt c5ch cg thj ,c, mqt )h5c ngha trang l lE th*<n n<n lng nc r$ Dhg thuEc )h5 ln 9B lng ma n<n ,j t]nh tB5n )]ch thc c5c 8j xU lQ chwng tK* cn c> thzB nhGng +u tJ Tauk f.
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N.2. ]h'/ng php p 4Dng tr-ng 7u trEnh .*M R ;h#ng Dh5D l=D 8ng )*jm trak Dh#ng Dh5D n thj h*!n mJ* Puan h! g*Ga c5c hBAt ,Eng ca ngha trang 9* c5c thKng TJ mK* trMng c& )h nng ch-u t5c ,Eng dB ngha trang' R ;h#ng Dh5D ma tr=n, Dh#ng Dh5D mAng l*k 05nh g*5 mJ* Puan h! ngu <n nhn R h=u Pu ca hBAt ,Eng ngha trang' R ;h#ng Dh5D ,5nh g*5 nhanh tr<n c# TI h! TJ K nh*nm dB TV ch>c t+ Th+ g** th*+t l=D nhym c t]nh t* lng c5c chCt K nh*nm tF c5c hBAt ,Eng ca ngha trang' R ;h#ng Dh5D thJng )<k ;h#ng Dh5D n nhym thu th=D 9 xU lQ c5c TJ l*!u )h] tng thu7 9n, )*nh t+ x hE* tA* )hu 9Oc ngha trang' R ;h#ng Dh5D ngh*<n c>u, )hB T5t thOc ,-a lC m_u ngB* h*!n trMng 9 Dhn t]ch trBng DhXng th] ngh*!m nhym x5c ,-nh c5c thKng TJ 9: h*!n trAng chCt lng mK* trMng )hKng )h], mK* trMng nc, ,E dn tA* )hu 9Oc ngha trang' R ;h#ng Dh5D ,*:u tra x hE* h\c ,c TU dgng trBng Pu5 trNnh Dh}ng 9Cn lnh ,AB 9 nhn dn ,-a Dh#ng tA* )hu 9Oc ngha trang' R ;h#ng Dh5D TB T5nh dmng ,j ,5nh g*5 c5c t5c ,Eng tr<n c# TI c5c t* ca cc nh g! Qua ngh*<n c>u thOc t+, tham )hB t* l*!u chu <n ngnh 9 tham 9Cn Q )*+n ca c5c chu <n g*a I c5c lnh 9Oc c& l*<n Puan ,+n ngha trang, c5c ,5nh g*5 t5c ,Eng mK* trMng , n<u trBng 85B c5B ,m 8B t]nh )h5ch Puan, ch]nh x5c 9 ,E t*n c= caB'
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