Cell Theory Theory 1) All living organisms are composed of cells 2) Cells are smallest unit of life 3) Cells

come from pre-existing cells Functions of life 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Metabolism chemical reactions in cells Response reacting to stimuli Homeostasis controlling conditions inside of cell Growth increasing in size Reproduction producing offspring Nutrition obtaining food

Differentiation Cells in organism are able to specialise to perform specific function Stem cells Cells have the capacity to self-renew by cell division and differentiate Human embryos consist entire of stem cells Therapeutic uses: 1) Placenta + umbilical cord of baby used source of stem cells (cells can divide + differentiate into any type of blood cell) 2) RBC removed from cord blood + remaining fluid checked for diseases then stored 3) Cord blood can be used to treat patients with leukaemia (cancer cells in bone marrow divide uncontrollably producing too many WBC) 4) Stem cells establish themselves in bone marrow where they divide repeatedly to build up population of bone marrow cells to replace those killed by chemotherapy drugs Surface area to volume Rate materials enter + leave cell depends on SA Rate at which materials are produced and used depends on volume Cell too large wouldnt be able to take in necessary materials or excrete waste substances quickly enough SI Units 1000mm = 1m 1000 micrometres (m)= 1mm 1000nm= 1 micrometre (m)

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