Grade 12 biology course – Review package – Part I - Name______________________

Some questions will require some independent work – such as a

short search in google. Make sure to include the source for such
cases. The completion of this document will have a positive impact
on your achievement – this task is individual.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of the following is NOT a part of the circulatory system?

a. heart c. blood vessels
b. air passageway d. blood
____ 2. Which of the following pathways is the largest of the circulatory system?
a. systemic circulation c. lymphatic circulation
b. pulmonary circulation d. coronary circulation
____ 3. Where are the cells that make up the sinoatrial node, or pacemaker, located?
a. right atrium c. right ventricle
b. left atrium d. left ventricle
____ 4. Compared with the walls of arteries, the walls of veins
a. are thicker. c. lack valves.
b. are thinner. d. have more resistance.
____ 5. The function of valves in the human circulatory system is to
a. stimulate the heartbeat. c. prevent the backward flow of blood.
b. accelerate the flow of blood. d. serve as a cushion to prevent friction.
____ 6. Which helps regulate blood pressure?
a. spleen c. bronchus
b. kidney d. alveolus
____ 7. Which of the following activities is(are) key(s) to avoiding cardiovascular disease?
a. exercise c. weight control
b. low-fat diet d. all of the above
____ 8. How much blood does the human body contain?
a. 1–2 liters c. 8–10 liters
b. 4–6 liters d. 12–14 liters
____ 9. Which of the following are signs that a person is breathing?
a. hearing or feeling air being exhaled from the nose
b. chest rising and falling
c. hearing or feeling air being exhaled from the mouth
d. all of the above
____ 10. Air is filtered, warmed, and moistened in the
a. nose. c. lungs.
b. alveoli. d. bronchioles.
____ 11. Air is forced into the lungs by the contraction of the
a. alveoli. c. diaphragm.
b. bronchioles. d. heart.
____ 12. What gas, found in cigarette smoke, blocks the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin in the blood?
a. hydrogen peroxide c. carbon dioxide
b. carbon monoxide d. sodium bicarbonate
____ 13. Which body system acts as a transportation system?
a. circulatory c. nervous
b. respiratory d. excretory
____ 14. In the walls of the heart, there are two thin layers that form a sandwich around a thick layer of muscle called
the
a. epithelial tissue layer. c. connective tissue layer.
b. pericardium. d. myocardium.
____ 15. Which of the following are the smallest of the blood vessels?
a. arteries c. lymphatic cells
b. veins d. capillaries
____ 16. Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel?
a. artery c. lymphatic cell
b. vein d. capillary
____ 17. When the heart contracts, it produces a wave of fluid pressure in the
a. veins. c. capillaries.
b. arteries. d. pharynx.
____ 18. When the pressure of blood pumping through the blood vessels is constantly too high, the condition is known
as
a. a heart attack. c. atherosclerosis.
b. hypertension. d. a stroke.
____ 19. Which of the following is correct about the composition of plasma?
a. 90 percent water c. 10 percent water
b. 50 percent water d. no water
____ 20. Which plasma proteins help to regulate osmotic pressure and blood volume?
a. albumins c. fibrinogens
b. globulins d. platelets
____ 21. Which of the following blood cells contain hemoglobin?
a. red blood cells c. platelets
b. white blood cells d. all of the above
____ 22. Which body system collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it to the body’s transport system?
a. circulatory c. respiratory
b. lymphatic d. nervous
____ 23. The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells, the blood, and air in the lungs
is one type of
a. systemic circulation. c. emphysema.
b. respiration. d. cellular respiration.
____ 24. What structure serves as a passageway for both air and food?
a. pharynx c. larynx
b. trachea d. bronchus
____ 25. Generally speaking, what controls breathing?
a. the brain c. the diaphragm
b. the lungs d. the heart
____ 26. Which of the following is NOT contained in tobacco smoke?
a. carbon monoxide c. nicotine
b. caffeine d. tar
____ 27. The energy available in foods can be measured by
a. first determining which nutrients the body needs.
b. burning the foods.
c. tracing chemical pathways.
d. all of the above
____ 28. Water is lost from the body by each of the following EXCEPT
a. sweating. c. respiration.
b. urinating. d. digestion.
____ 29. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the process of sweating?
a. Sweating is more likely to occur on hot days than on cool days.
b. Sweating is likely to occur after strenuous exercise.
c. Evaporation of sweat warms the body.
d. Excessive sweating can lead to dehydration.
____ 30. What materials are removed from the blood through dialysis?
a. urea and excess salts c. amylase and pepsin
b. chyme d. none of the above
____ 31. Substances that are needed by the body for growth, repair, and maintenance are called
a. enzymes. c. ATP.
b. nutrients. d. Calories.
____ 32. In what structure in Figure 38-4 do filtration and reabsorption occur?

Figure 38–4

a. kidney c. urinary bladder

b. renal vein d. ureter
____ 33. The main organs of the excretory system are the
a. kidneys. c. intestines.
b. lungs. d. ureters.
____ 34. In the kidneys, both useful substances and wastes are removed from the blood by
a. reabsorption. c. dialysis.
b. excretion. d. filtration.
____ 35. The activity of the kidneys is controlled by hormones and by the
a. volume of nutrients. c. composition of the blood.
b. volume of filtrate. d. composition of the urine.
____ 36. Dialysis performs the function of the
a. liver. c. kidneys.
b. ureter. d. urinary bladder.

Short Answer

37. Are the ribs raised or lowered after you exhale?

38. List in order the structures of the respiratory system through which air passes from the outside environment to
the alveoli.
39. Name and describe three respiratory diseases that can be caused by smoking.
40. What is blood pressure?
41. What is the basic function of the human respiratory system?
42. What is the function of the ureter?

Figure 38-1
43. What is the function of the urinary bladder?
44. How do kidneys maintain homeostasis?
45. What are a person’s two options for survival if both of his or her kidneys are unable to function?
Essay

46. Describe the function of each of the following: (a) the muscular walls of the large arteries, (b) the valves in
the veins, and (c) the valves in the heart.

47. How does the body regulate blood pressure?

48. What is the lymphatic system, and what are its functions?

49. Compare the two types of biological respiration.

50. How does the body lose water?

51. What organs and major accessory structures make up the digestive system?

52. How do the kidneys respond to an increased intake of water? Of salt?

53. Describe the process of dialysis.

Other
 USING SCIENCE SKILLS

Figure 37–3

54. Interpreting Graphics Name and describe the function of the structure labeled I in Figure 37-3.

55. Drawing Conclusions What is the function of the structures labeled D, E, H, and K in Figure 37-3?

56. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 37-3, what label shows the vessel in which oxygen-rich blood leaves the
heart and goes to the rest of the body?
57. Drawing Conclusions In Figure 37-3, what happens to valves E and H when the ventricles contract?

58. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 37-3, what is the function of the structure labeled B?

USING SCIENCE SKILLS

Figure 37–2

59. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 37-2, which labeled structure is the diaphragm?

60. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 37-2, what are two names for the structure labeled E?

61. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 37-2, what is the label and name of the structures in which the exchange of
gases takes place?

62. Interpreting Graphics What is the label and name of the structure in Figure 37-2 that prevents the passage of
food from the pharynx into the lungs?
63. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 37-2, what is the label and name of the structure that carries air from the
trachea to a lung?