Solutions for Exercises (Wireless Communications)

Q1. If a total of 33MHz of bandwidth is allocated to a particular FDD cellular telephone system which uses two 25kHz simplex channels to pro ide full duplex oice and control channels! computer the number of channels a ailable per cell if a system uses" #a$ %&cell reuses! #b$ '&cell reuses! #c$ (2 cell reuse) If ( MHz of the allocated spectrum is dedicated to control channels! determine an e*uitable distribution of control channels and oice channels is each cell for each of the three systems) Solution +i en" ,otal bandwidth-33MHz .hannel bandwidth-25 kHz2 simplex channels-5/ kHz0duplex channel ,otal a ailable channels - 33///05/ - 11/ channels) 2 ( MHz spectrum for control channels implies that there are (///05/ - 2/ control channels out of the 11/ channels a ailable) In practice! only the 1%/ oice channels would be allocated since the control channels are allocated separately as ( per cell) Here! the 1%/ oice channels must be e*uitable distributed to each cell within the cluster) #a$ For N - % ! we can ha e 5 control channels and (1/ oice channels per cell) In practice! howe er! each cell only needs a sin3le control channel #the controls ha e a 3reater reuse distance than the oice channels$) ,hus! one control channel and (1/ oice channels would be assi3ned to each cell) #b$ For 4-'! each cell ha e one control channel! four cells would ha e 5( oice channels! and three cells would ha e 52 oice channels) #%5(6352-1%/$ #c$ For 4-(2! each cell would ha e one control channel! 7 cells would ha e 53 oice channels! and! % cells would ha e 5% oice channels) #7536%5%-1%/$ Q2 If a si3nal to interference ratio of (5 d8 is re*uired for satisfactory forward channel performance of a cellular system! what is the fre*uency reuse factor and cluster size that should be used for maximum capacity if the path loss exponent is #a$ n - %! #b$ n - 3 9 2ssume that there are 1 co&channels cells in the first tier! and all of them are at the same distance from the mobile) :se suitable approximations) Solution #a$ n - % First! let us consider a '&cell reuse pattern) the co&channel reuse ratio Q-D/R - %)573) the si3nal&to&noise interference ratio is 3i en by
S # D 0 R $ n # 3N $ n = = I i/ i/

S/1 - #(01$ #%)573$% - '5)3 - (7)11d8) ;ince this is 3reater than the minimum re*uired S/1 ! N - ' can be used) b$ n - 3 First! let us consider a '&cell reuse pattern)

:sin3 e*uation #2)5$! the si3nal&to&interference ratio is 3i en by S/1 - # (01$ # %)573$3 - (1)/% - (2)/5 d8) ;ince this is less than the minimum re*uired S/1 ! we need to use a lar3er N. :sin3 e*uation #4-i26i<6<2$! the next possible alue of N is (2! (i - < - 2 $ ,he correspondin3 co&channel ratio = is 3i en by Q-D/R - 1)/) S/1 - #(01$ #1)/$3 - 31 - (5)51 d8) ;ince this is 3reater than the minimum re*uired S/I, N=12 can be used) Q3. How many users can be supported for /)5> blockin3 probability for the followin3 number of trunked channels in a blocked calls cleared system9 2nd how many user can be supported per channel9 #a$ (! #b$ 5! #c$ (/! #d$ 2/! #e$ (//) 2ssume each user 3enerates /)( ?rlan3s of traffic) Solution From ,able 2)% or F2)1 we can find the total capacity in ?rlan3s for the /)5> +@; for different numbers of channels) 8y usin3 the relation A - UAu ! we can obtain the total number of users that can be supported in the system) #a$ +i en . - (! Au - /)(! GOS - /)//5 From ?rlan3 8 formula! we obtain A - /)//5) A( /)//5 = ( ( A /)//5 = A # 8ecause /)5552-/)//5 2-/)//5 $ (+ A k =/ kA ,herefore! total number of users! U - A/ Au - /)//50/)( - /)/5 users) 8ut! actually one user could be supported on one channel) ;o! U - () 2nd ( user can be supported by ( channel) #b$ +i en . - 5! Au - /)(! GOS - /)//5 From ,able 2)% or Fi3ure 2)1! we obtain A - ()(3) ,herefore! total number of users! U - A/Au - ()(30/)( - (( users) ,he number of user per channel" :c - :0. - ((05 - 2)2 user0channel #c$ +i en . - (/! Au - /)(! GOS - /)//5 From Fi3ure 2)1! we) obtain A - 3)51) ,herefore! total number of users! U - A/ Au - 3)510/)( - 35 users) ,he number of user per channel" :c - :0. - 350(/ - 3)5 user0channel #d$ +i en . - 2/! Au - /)(! GOS - /)//5 From Fi3ure 2)1! we obtain A - (()(/ ) ,herefore! total number of users! U =A/Au - (()(0/)( - ((/ users) ,he number of user per channel" :c - :0. - ((/02/ - 5)5 user0channel #e$ +i en . - (//! Au - /)(! GOS - /)//5 From Fi3ure 2)1! we obtain A - 7/)5) ,herefore! total number of users! U =A/Au - 7/)50/)( - 7/5 users) ,he number of user per channel" :c - :0. - 7/50(// - 7)/5 user0channel

Q4. 2n urban area has a population of 2 hundred thousand residents) ,hree competin3 trunked mobile networks #systems 2! 8! and .$ pro ide cellular ser ice in this area) ;ystem 2 has 35% cells with (5 channels each! system 8 has 57 cells with 5' channels each! and system . has %5 cells! each with (// channels) Find the number of users that can be ;upported at 2> blockin3 if each user a era3es 2 calls per hour at an a era3e call duration of 3 minutes) 2ssumin3 that all three trunked systems are operated at maximum capacity! compute the percenta3e market penetration of each cellular pro ider) Solution ;ystem 2 +i en" Brobability of blockin3 - 2> - /)/2 4umber of channels per cell used in the system! . - (5 ,raffic intensity per user! Au - H - 2 x #301/$ - /)( ?rlan3s For GOS - /)/2 and . - (5 ! from the ?rlan3 8 chart! the total carried traffic! A, is obtained as (2 ?rlan3s) ,herefore! the number of users that can be supported per cell is U - A/Au - (20/)( - (2/) ;ince there are 35% cells! the total number of subscribers that can be sup& ported by ;ystem 2 is e*ual to (2/ x 35% - %'27/) ;ystem 8 +i en" Brobability of blockin3 - 2> - /)/2 4umber of channels per cell used in the system! . - 5' ,raffic intensity per user! Au - H - 2 x #301/$ - /)( ?rlan3s
)

For GOS - /)/2 and . - 5') from the ?rlan3 8 chart! the total carried traffic! A, is obtained as %5 ?rlan3s) ,herefore! the number ofusers that can be supported per cell is U - A/Au - %50/)( - %5/) ;ince there are 57 cells! the total number of subscribers that can be sup& ported by ;ystem 8 is e*ual to %5/ x 57 - %%(//) ;ystem . +i en" Brobability of blockin3 - 2> - /)/2 4umber of channels per cell used in the system! . - (// ,raffic intensity per user! Au - H - 2 x #301/$ - /)( ?rlan3s For GOS - /)/2 and . - (//! from the ?rlan3 8 chart! the total carried traffic! A, is obtained as 77 ?rlan3s) ,herefore! the number of users that can be supported per cell is u - A/Au - 770/)( - 77/) ;ince there are %5 cells! the total number of subscribers that can be supported by ;ystem . is e*ual to 77/ x %5 - %3(2/

,herefore! total numbers of cellular subscribers that can be supported by these three systems are %'27/ 6 %%(// 6 %3(2/ - (3%5// users) ;ince there are 2 hundred thousand residents in 3i en urban area and the total number of cellular subscribers in system 2 is e*ual to %'27/! the percenta3e market penetration is %'27/02//!///-23)1> ;imilarly! market penetration of ;ystem 8 is %%(//02//!///-22)/5> and the mark penetration of ;ystem . is %3(2/02//!///-2()51> ,he mark oenetration of the three systems combined is (%35//02//!///-1')25> Q5. #a$ Chat is the maximum system capacity #total and per channel$ in ?rlan3s when pro idin3 a 2> blockin3 probability with % channels! with 2/ channels! with %/ channels9 #b$ How many users can be supported with %/ channels at 2> blockin39 2ssume H-(/5s! -( call0hour) #a$ +@;-2> .-% from ?rlan3 8 formula ! ,he total system traffic intensity #capacity$ 2- ()2 ?rlan3s! ,he traffic intensity per channel 2c - 20.- ()20 % - /)3 ?rlan3s) .-2/ from ?rlan3 8 formula ! ,he total system traffic intensity #capacity$ 2- (( ?rlan3s! ,he traffic intensity per channel 2c - 20.- ()20 % - /)5 ?rlan3s) .-%/ from ?rlan3 8 formula ! ,he total system traffic intensity #capacity$ 2- 3/)( ?rlan3s! ,he traffic intensity per channel 2c - 20.- ()20 % - /)'5 ?rlan3s) #b$ +i en" H-(/5s - /)/3 Hour! - ( call0Hour! .-%/! +@;- 2 > - /)/2! From ?rlan3s 8 Formula ! 2-3/)( 2-:2u - : H ;o! ,he number of the users"
U = A

3/)( = (/32 /)/3

Q6. 2 certain city has an area of (!3// s*uare miles and is co ered by a cellular system usin3 a '&cell reuse pattern) ?ach cell has a radius of % miles and the city is allocated %/ MHz of spectrum with a full duplex channel bandwidth of 1/ kHz) 2ssume a +@; of 2> for an ?rlan3 8 system is specified) If the offered traffic per user is /)/3 ?rlan3s! compute" #a$ the number of cells in the ser ice area! #b$ the number of channels per cell! #c$ traffic intensity of each cell! #d$ the maximum carried traffic!

#e$ the total number of users that can be ser ed for 2> +@;! #f$ the number of mobiles per channel! and #3$ the theoretical maximum number of users that could be ser ed at one time by the system) #a$ +i en" ,otal co era3e area - (3// miles .ell radius - % miles ,he area of a cell #hexa3on$ can be shown to be 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 ( 2 R 2 R = 3 R = 2)557(R ! thus each cell co ers 2)557( x #%$ 2- %()5' s* mi) Hence! the total number of cells are N - (3//0%()5' - 3( cells) #b$ ,he total number of channels per cell .- allocated spectrum 0 # channel width fre*uency reuse factor $ - %/! ///!///0 #1/!/// x '$ - 55 channels0cell #c$ +i en" . - 55! and GOS - /)/2 From the ?rlan3 8 chart! we ha e traffic intensity per cell A - 7% ?rlan3s0cell #d$ Maximum carried traffic - number of cells x traffic intensity per cell -3(7%-21/% ?rlan3s #e$ +i en traffic per user-/)/3 ?rlan3s ,otal number of users - ,otal traffic 0 traffic per user - 21/%0/)/3 - 71!7// users) #f$ 4umber of mobiles per channel - number of users0number of channels - 71!7// 0111 - (3/ mobiles0channel) #3$ ,he theoretical maximum number of ser ed mobiles is the number of a ailable channels in the system (all channels occupied$ - C x N C - 55 x 3( - 25%5 users! which is 3)%> of the customer base) Q7. 2 hexa3onal cell within a %&cell system has a radius of ()37' km) 2 total of 1/ channels are used within the entire system) If the load per user is /)/25 ?rlan3s! and - ( cal(0hour! compute the followin3 for an ?rlan3 . system with a +os of 5>" #a$ How many users per s*uare kilometer will this system support9 #b$ Chat is the probability that a delayed call will ha e to wait for more than (/ s9 #c$ Chat is the probability that a call will be delayed for more than (/ seconds9 ;olution +i en! .ell radius! D - ()37' km 2rea co ered per cell is 2)557 x #()37'$ 2 - 5 s* km 4umber of cells per cluster - %

,otal number of channels - 1/ ,herefore! number of channels per cell - 1/0% - (5 channels) #a$ From ?rlan3 . chart! for 5> probability of delay with . - (5! traffic intensity - 7)7 ?rlan3s) ,herefore! number of users - total traffic intensity 0 traffic per user - 7)70/)/25 - 3/3 users - 3/3 users05 s* km -- 1/ users0s* km #b$ +i en - ( ! holdin3 time H - 2u0- /)/25 hour - (/%)% seconds) ,he probability that a delayed call will ha e to Cait for more than (/ s is BrEdelay F tGdelayH - exp #&#.&2$t0H$ - exp #&#(5&7)7$ (/0(/%)%$ - 52)22 > #c$ +i en +@; - 5> - /)/5 Brobability that a call is delayed more than (/ seconds! BrEdelay F (/H - BrEdelayFoHprEdelayFtGdelayH - /)/5 x /)5522 - 2)'1 >