FORCE

REACTION

MOMENT
Statics Prof Schierle 1

Force vs. Moment

1 2 Force (vertical) Force (horizontal) Force is an action that tends to: change the shape of an object move an object change the motion of an object US units: # (pound), kip (1 k=1000 #) SI units: N (Newton), kN (kilo-Newton=1000 Newton) 3 Moment An action that tends to: rotate an object turn an object bend an object (bending moment) M = P L (Force x lever arm) (lever arm perpendicular to force) US units: #, k, #, k SI units: N-m (Newton-meter), kN-m
Statics Prof Schierle 2

Static Equilibrium
1 H=0 (Sum of horizontal forces = 0) - 100 + 100 = 0

V=0 (Sum of vertical forces = 0) -100 100 + 200 = 0

M=0 (Sum of moments = 0) Left: M = -50# x 8 = - 400 # Right: M = 200# x 2 = +400 # - 400 + 400 = 0

Equilibrium equations are essential for structural design and analysis

Statics Prof Schierle 3

Equilibrium equations H=0 V=0 define Diagonal forces by Horizontal component Vertical component
Vertical component Horizontal component
Statics Prof Schierle 4

Beam supports
1 Pin supports at both ends subject to bending AND tension under load (like a suspended cable) This support is statically indeterminate and complex to analyze Left support: roller right support: pin subject to bending under load (simply supported) Most wood beams are considered simply supported (one roller & one pin) wood walls are flexible to act like roller
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Statics

Diagrams:

Symbols:

Beam supports 1 Roller support Free in X-direction Fixed in Y-direction Free in rotation Pin support Fixed in X-direction Fixed in Y-direction Free in rotation Fixed support Fixed in X-direction Fixed in Y-direction Fixed in rotation

Y X

Statics

Prof Schierle

Reactions
The following examples illustrate use of the three equations of statics to find horizontal, vertical and moment reactions. 1 Weight lifter: P = 400#, L = 6 V = 0, + R P = 0, R = P R = 400 # M=0 PLM=0 M = P L = 400 x 6 M = 2,400 # 2. Flag pole: L = 20, W = 80# (wind load on flag) H=0+ WH=0 H=W H = 80 # M=0 W L+M=0, M=-WL=-80x20 M = -1,600 # 3 Tow truck: P = 2k, C = 7, L = 10 Ma = 0 Rb L - P C = 0, Rb = P C / L = 2 x 7 / 10 Rb = 1.4 k Mb = 0 Ra L - P (C+L) = 0 Ra = P (C+L) /L = 2 (7+10) / 10 Ra = +3.4 k Check V = 0 V = 0 = +3.4 1.4 2 V=0 Note: The lever arm is always perpendicular to load A negative answer implies the arrow should be reversed Rb pointing downward is provided by truck weight
Prof Schierle 7

Ra
Statics

Rb

Beam reactions
To find reactions for asymmetrical beams: Draw an abstract beam diagram to illustrate computations Use M = 0 at one support to find reaction at other support Verify results for vertical equilibrium 1 2 Roof framing Abstract beam diagram

Assume: DL = 10 psf LL = 20 psf = 30 psf Uniform beam load: w = 30 psf x 2 w = 60 plf Substitute total beam load for uniform load at its centroid Total beam load W = w L = 60 (12+4) W = 960# Support reactions: Mb = 0 12 Ra 4 W = 0 Ra = 4 x 960 / 12 Ra = 320# Ma = 0 8 W 12 Rb = 0 12 Rb = 8 x 960 Rb = 8 x 960 / 12 Rb = 640# Check V = 0 + Ra + Rb W= 320 + 640 960 = 0 V=0
Prof Schierle 8

Statics

W = 960 #

Beam Reactions
1 Beam with point loads Assume: P = 1.2 k R = 5 P / 2 = 5 x 1.2 / 2 Beam with overhang and point loads Assume: P = 2 k Mb = 0 + 12 Ra2x162x122x8-2x4 = 0 Ra = (32 + 24 + 16 + 8) / 12 Ma = 0 + -12 Rb2x4+2x4+2x8+2x12 = 0 Rb = (2 x 8 + 2 x 12) / 12 Check V = 0 + 6.67 + 3.33 5 x 2 Beam with uniform load and point load (wall) Assume: w = 100 plf, P = 800 # Mc = 0 + 16 Ra 100x16x8 800x12+800x0 = 0 Ra = (100x16x8 + 800x12) / 16 Ma = 0 + -16 Rc + 100x16x8 + 800x4 + 800x16 = 0 Rc = (100x16x8 + 800x4 + 800x16) / 16 Check V = 0 + 1400+1800100x16800-800
Prof Schierle

R=3k

Ra = 6.67 k Rb = 3.33 k V=0

Ra = 1,400 # Rc = 1800 # V=0

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Statics

Beam reactions

= 4

= 16

C = 4 L = 16 X1 = (4+16)/2-4 X2 = (4+16) / 2 X1 = 6 X2 = 10

Statics

Prof Schierle

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Beam reactions
Beam with overhang w = 100 plf

6 4 16

10

W = w (4+16) W = 100 x 20 Mc = 0 16 Rb 10 W = 0 16 Rb 10 x 2000 = 0 16 Rb = 10 x 2000 Rb = 10 x 2000 / 16 Mb = 0 - 16 Rc + 6 x 2000 = 0 16 Rc = 6 x 2000 Rc = 6 x 2000 / 16 V=0 1250 + 750 2000 = 0

W = 2000#

Rb = 1,250#

Rc = 750# V = 0, ok
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Statics

Prof Schierle

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Beam reactions
Beam with 2 overhangs w = 200 plf

7 5 15

8 4

W = w (5+15+4) W = 200 x 24 Mc = 0 15 Rb 8 W = 0 15 Rb 8 x 4800 = 0 15 Rb = 8 x 4800 Rb = 8 x 4800 / 15 Mb = 0 - 15 Rc + 7 x 4800 = 0 15 Rc = 7 x 4800 Rc = 7 x 4800 / 15 V=0 2560 + 2240 4800 = 0

W = 4800#

Rb = 2,560#

Rc = 2,240# V = 0, ok
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Statics

Prof Schierle

Wood beams and joists

Statics

Prof Schierle

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Steel beams and joists

Statics

Prof Schierle

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Concrete beams and joists

Statics

Prof Schierle

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