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Representation and Advertising

The role of men in society

How Men have changed:


Becoming more involved in actually buying things. Having more products targeted at them. No longer seen as the exclusive breadwinners. No longer automatically predominant in public life. More often seen as the prey rather than the hunter in sexual relationships. Homosexuality is more acceptable as a lifestyle.

1950s
Men portrayed in terms of family roles: Husband, Dad, family provider.

1960s
The image of the young, single, affluent male becomes more prevalent.

1970s
The post 1960s backlash resulted in men beginning to experiment with their changing status Glam rock/David Bowie/Andy Warhol all challenged the male stereotype within pop culture. Nevertheless they were still clearly perceived as dominant in advertising.

1980s
A response to Thatcherite ideals which encouraged ostentatious consumption, combined with a growth in the number of middle class men going on to higher education.

1990s
Suddenly there appears to be a preference for ambiguous images. Consumers can relate to these from differing points of view

Consider the following four posters and and note down your response

The Male Gaze


The traditional view is that women are encouraged to believe each part of their bodies need to be made attractive to the male gaze.
Laura Mulvey and her essay Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema which was published in 1975. In it, Mulvey states that in film women are typically the objects, rather than the possessors, of gaze because the control of the camera (and thus the gaze) comes from factors such as the as the assumption of heterosexual men as the default target audience for most film genres

Andrew Wernick
The image has changed from male hunter to one of passive and hunted. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09NbxXyrH6k The Iconic conventions of promotion are becoming flexible enough to allow men and women to be positioned at either end of the objectified/objectifying sexual continuum. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0yeE7YzrAk

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