Sexuality includes our gender identity (the core sense that

we are female or male). 3. Sexuality includes gender role (the

idea of how we should behave because we are a female or
male). 4. Sexuality includes our sexual orientation
(heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual).
 Childhood
• Body parts are not named correctly
– Start to teach kids not to know and understand the
body
– Start to put malice on sexuality
• Little girls, pinching the vagina
• For little boys, comparing the size of the penis

• Songs that have sexual meanings

• Behaviors of modesty are taught
– Sitting properly
– Smiling instead of laughing boisterously
 Childhood
• Modeling starts
– Little girls who would be want to be Ms Universe and little
boys who would want to be Mr. Universe
– Little girls and boys who would like to be sexy dancers and
macho dancers
– Little girls who dress up like adults wearing sexy clothes
and heeled shoes, wearing make-up and nail polish
– Sexual harassment practices of older people
• Whistling at women and calling women “sexy” or “Ms.
Beautiful”
• Start getting pre
occupied with attracting
boys
 School
• Consciousness on sexuality is heightened
especially during adolescent stage
• Experimentation is done especially if the
changes in the body is not explained well by
family or parents
– Might end up in unwanted pregnancies
– HIV – AIDS contraction
 By :Laura Mulvey

•audience is forced to regard the action and

characters of a text through the perspective of
a heterosexual man

•the camera lingers on the curves of the female

body, and events which occur to women are
presented largely in the context of a man's
reaction to these events

•the male gaze relegates women to the status

of objects -- objectification of women

• this is the male gaze in capitalist advertising

• Women learn to see themselves (&
other women) as men see them -
through male gaze
– sexually objectify themselves
– can only get pleasure by identifying with the
male point of view (see self as desirable)
– ‘feminine’ means being beautiful, sexually
available, and caring for self should be
focused on bodily appearance
 Implications of
Media Representations of Gender

• Fostering unrealistic and limited gender ideals

– Most men are not as strong, bold, and successful as
males on the screen.

Chris Tiu.mp4 Snickers.mp4 Greenwich

 Implications of
Media Representations of Gender

Few women are as slender, gorgeous, and well dressed as

stars and models (whose photographs are airbrushed
and retouched to create their artificial beauty).

If one is not sexy, she becomes the butt of jokes

Tun Bingo Boysen

a
 Implications of
Media Representations of
Gender
• Pathologizing the Human Body
– Because sex sells products, sexual & erotic images are
the most prominent characteristic presented in
advertising.
– Advertising is increasingly objectifying men (w/c accounts
for
the rise in men’s weight training & cosmetic
surgery).
Fotoprix - See.avi
Rejoice.mp4
Commodification of Women’s Bodies

• abuse, use and dispose of women

as objects

• unrealistic and presentation of images of

women and men

• violence is glorified

• media can be very titillating

 MEDIA CONTENT
Depictions of relationships between men and women emphasize
traditional roles and normalize violence against women.

1970
1950 1957
MEDIA CONTENT

Sexism
• sexualizing women’s bodies
• vulnerable to sexual violence

Elastoseal
Sex and Violence
 The Internet Is Furious Over This
Disturbing Indian Fashion Photo Shoot

A highly distasteful fashion photo shoot

from a Mumbai photographer appears to
glamorize a woman’s sexual assault. The
photo shoot “the Wrong Turn” are
reminiscent of the December 2012 gang
rape and murder of a New Delhi
physiotherapy student in a bus. A highly

Smriti Sinha Aug 6, 2014

 Another Problem
• When women too are reluctant to speak
out and they carry on a social stigma,
they participate in the cycle of
discrimination
• They later on raise the children with the
same paradigm
• This results in the distorted images of men
and women.
 SEX-
 BIOLOGICAL
GENDER
DIMENSION  SOCIO-
-chroosomes CULTURAL
CONSTRUCTION
- hormones  LEARNED
- reproductive -gender of rearing
parts -gender identity
- physical -gender role
 VARIABLE
 RELATIVELY FIXED ACROSS AGE AND
AT BIRTH TIME
 UNIVERSAL  VARIABLE ACROSS
CULTURE
 SHIFTING AND
FLUID
 LGBT
“Why is it that, as a culture, we are
more comfortable seeing two men
holding guns than holding hands?
Ernest J. Gaines
 Strategies for Gender Fair
Education
• Gender equity – set of behaviors and
knowledge that permits educators to recognize
inequality in educational opportunities, to carry
out specific interventions that constitute equal
education treatment, and to ensure equal
educational outcomes (Sanders 1997)
SCHOO
L • Policies and programs may
be in place in aiding young
women’s self esteem,
encouraging the to explore
Some Steps non traditional fields and
to confronting old stereotypes.

Take • Future teachers must be

taught how to teach gender
equity.

• Materials such as books,

research projects and
student coursework on
gender equity need to be
accessible.

• Equal share of resources

SCHOO
L

• Textbooks, displays and assessment papers

be scrutinized for sexist images

• Courses to be non-sexist

• Involve parents and citizens from the

diversity on the community

•Develop equitable curriculum,

extracurricular activities and student services

•Join schools, employers and communities

that provide opportunities for prejudice
reduction, celebrating diversity
Occupations for both male and female
 Some books have included discussions
on the status of women in society
in recognition of their discrimination and marginalization
in society
The source of all life and knowledge is in
man and woman, and the source ofall
living is in the interchange and the meeting
and mingling of these two: man-life and
woman-life, man-knowledge and woman-
knowledge, man-being and woman-being.

D. H. Lawrence
For this, full recognition of the rights, responsibilities and contributions of
both partners in the public and private
spheres is required.

The contribution of men to the family should not be limited simply to the
provision of goods, nor should the woman have exclusive responsibility for
domestic child sharing tasks.

In addition, special consideration must be given to those families whose

composition varies from the traditional norm.
for every woman.ppt
 GOD
MALE
HUMAN BEING

FEMALE
HUMAN BEING
CHILDRE
N-
MALE & FEMALE

ANIMALS - FAUNA

PLANTS - FLORA

NON LIVING: EARTH, SUN, ROCKS,

MINERALS, WATER, AIR, MOUNTAINS ETC.

TRAD. THEOLOGY/PHILOSOPHY/ETHICS

Outside the church, there is no salvation.

mission
Reconstructing Media
 It’s All About Womanity
A female Empowerment Campaign
from Summit Media and
Kalakasan

• Released in 2003-04
• Made up of 13 print ads printed in 8
publications of Summit Media
Objectives of the Campaign
• Recreate women’s images
– uplift women’s dignity and self esteem
– help them fight for their rights
BRAIN

If you want to get the

real feel of a
woman, get intimate
with this organ
 Covering for
domestic
violence is not a
fashionable
statement
 DOVE Soap
Campaign for Real Beauty

Research showed that 95% of women,

especially teen-age girls are dissatisfied
with themselves in relation to defining
themselves as “beautiful”. This is
causing
low-esteem and withdrawal from
society.
 Dove evolution
Dove_Real_Beauty_Sketches.mp4
Dove_Real_Beauty_Sketches
Guy_Version_Parody.mp4
file://localhost/Users/beckymarquez/Desk

top/IFRS/Dove_Real_Beauty_Sketches.mp
4
Take Note!
• Nature of the world is
changing and media
should reflect this
• Options presented are
healthy and empowering

Pantene(Wh
e Ceelin bioflu - kuya Bioflu - tatay Playtime_with
epeeet).mp4 _Dad.mp4
 Media should be more realistic in
its portrayal of gender
- SHOW DIVERSITY IN –
-Orientation
-Occupation/Skills
-Age
-Activities engaged in
-Physical Attributes

- SHOW SHARED ROLES

AND RESPONSIBILITIES
n
-
 • If the media can construct, we
can de-construct by questioning
the values contained in what we
read, listen to, and watch.

•More importantly, we have

the power to re-construct our
own realities, through self-
awareness, acceptance
and openness.
Women have
made
statements on
how their
bodies have “You are not a sketch. Say no to anorexia.”

been defined.
 Women are breaking the silence.

Women need to be put in their place.

Women need to be kept in their place.
Women need to be controlled.
Women need to be disciplined.
Women should stay at home.
Women should be slaves.
Women should be in the kitchen
Women should not speak in the Women need to be seen as equal.
church.

Women have the right to make their

own decisions.
 Enjoining men for women
Issue based campaigns

Equal opportunities, Equal pay

A_Promise_is_a_Promise UN_Secretary_G
eneral_s_Campaign_UNiTE_to_End_Violenc
e_against_Women.mp4
Social_Media_Revolution.mp4
Social media refers to the means of interactions
among people in
which they create, share, and exchange
and
information
ideas in virtual communities and networks.

• global and borderless

• immediate information
• immediate response
• fast communication
• sense of equality
• can provide feedback – products
• sharing of views – blogs

• cyber bullying
• online sexual predators
• decrease in face to face interactions
• exposes children to images of alcohol, tobacco and sexual
behaviors
• sex scandals, pornography, violence against women
 HOW SHOULD WE REACT TO NEW TECHNOLOGY?

the most interactive

technologies offer the
greatest potential for
production of knowledge,
interaction and change.

In digital age we must address not

only the role of high-tech, but
also how to reinvigorate
interpersonal dialogue

Transmission is not the same as

communication.
 Thus, what can Gender
be done?
• Definitions can be changed to provide:
– More and equal opportunities to all members of society
– Recognize potentials of each member of society
– Remove all forms of violence, abuse, discrimination and
marginalization of people
 GENDER
SENSITIVITY
SEEING – women and men, what they
actually do, rather than relying on
assumptions

HEARING – women and men, their

needs, priorities and
perspectives

COUNTING – the value of women’s work

RESPECTING – full dignity of

women
and men

CARING – about women and men and

what happen to them
GENDER SENSITIVITY

• Not a war of the sexes

• Not an anti-male stance

• Both women and men are victims,

although women are affected
more than men.
•In practically all cultures women have
a lower status than men.
GENDER
SENSITIVITY

•renaming and
reimaging wo/men
relationships to bring
about mutuality and
partnership
What Gender Perspective Offers

• Address the existing imbalance

• Enrich human existence
• Offer new alternatives – social justice, equality, peace
and empowerment
• Come to fullness as image and likeness of God