GENDER

PERSPECTIVE
BY; PRECIOSS ZAYRA L. GERELINGO
 WHAT IS GENDER PERSPECTIVE?
• The gender perspective focuses particularly on
gender-based differences in status and power,
and considers how such discrimination shapes
the immediate needs, as well as the long-term

interests, of women and men. 

• In a policy context, taking a gender perspective

is a strategy for making women’s as well as
men’s concerns and experiences an integral
dimension of the design, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation of policies and
programs in all political, economic and societal
spheres, so that women and men benefit
equally and inequality is not perpetuated
 WHAT IS GENDER SEN
SITIVITY?
• Is to understand and giv
e consideration to socio-cu
discriminations in order to ltural norms and
acknowledge the different
responsibilities of women an rights, roles &
d men in the community a
between them. Gender sen nd the relationships
sitive policy, program, adm
activities, and organization inis
al procedures will: differen trative and financial
capacities, needs and priori tiate between the
ties of women and men; en
ideas of both women and m sur
en are taken seriously; con e that the views and
decisions on the situation o sid
f women relative to men; an er the implications of
inequalities or imbalance b d take actions to address
etween women and men 
 WHAT IS GENDER AWARENESS?
• Gender awareness is the “ability to view society from the
perspective of gender roles and how this has affected women's
needs in comparison to the needs of men” Thus, gender
awareness aims toward better health for men and women.
 HIN K AND
Y W E T
W H
O TOD AY?
AY W E D
E TH E W
BEHAV
SOCIALIZING AGENTS

• Institutions that shape an individual’s personality,

character, skills, norms, those which dictate one’s role
in society.
 FAMILY

• Gendering starts at the time the Baby is born, the family

promotes gender stereotyping through the following
processes;
1. Manipulation
2. Canalization
3. Verbal appellation
4. Activity exposure
• SCHOOL
- Becomes a gender socializing factors through the
following
1. Textbooks and languages
2. Sex segregation and its practices
3. Curriculum
4. teachers
 CHURCH
• The introduction of Church and religion lead the way
to a patriarchal culture, It becomes a gender socializing
factor through the following;
1. LEADERSHIP
2. BOOKS
3. PRACTICES
4. STRUCTURE
5. EXPECTATIONS
MASS MEDIA
• They promote an
unbalanced vision of the
roles of women and men in
society, gender stereotypes
presented in media play a
key role in gender
socialization.
1. Commercialization of women
2. Presentation of women s sex
object
3. Degrading portrayal of women
PEERS

•  Peer relationships play an important role in the development

of a child's self concept and have a strong impact on how
children view the roles of males and females in our society.
1. Trends/ Style
2. Activity
3. Pressure
4. Expectations
STATE
- Created laws and policies
- Political and representations
- Structure and power
 GENDER
STEREOTYPING
• the practice of ascribing to an
individual woman or man
specific attributes,
characteristics, or roles by
reason only of her or his
membership in the social
group of women or men
FEMININE
- Not aggressive - Emotional MASCULINE
- Dependent - sensitive - Aggressive - Not talkative
- Independent - Tough
- Easily influenced - Verbal - Dominant - Cruel
- Submissive - Nurturing - Decisive - Analytical
- Easily hurt emotionally - Kind - Logical - Not easily hurt
- Home oriented - Home oriented - Strong - Blunt
- Weak - Talkative - Active - Not nurturing
EFFECTS OF GENDER BIAS
ON WOMEN

• MARGINALIZATION
- forces women into the periphery of economic
and social life and of the decision-making
process; diminishes value of women’s
activities through which they contribute to
the national development process.

• SUBORDANATION
- one sex becoming inferior to the other.
Gender subordination is the institutionalized
domination by men of women (or vice versa).
Subordination is a power relationship. Power
has four categories: power over, power over,
power to, power with, and power within.
 EFFECTS OF GENDER BIAS ON
WOMEN
• MULTIPLE BURDEN
- the involvement in the three spheres of work—reproductive, productive, and
community management and governance. A person’s involvement in any of
these spheres, sometimes too much and sometimes unwillingly, lessens her or his
time for herself or himself, and for the things that she or he really wants to do.
EFFECTS OF GENDER BIAS ON MEN
• Traditional stereotypes are difficult for many men to live up to. They
feel pressure to be a ‘real man’, to be physically and emotionally
strong, and be the main income earner.
• Many workplaces don’t offer men extended parental leave or flexible
hours.
 EFFECTS OF GENDER BIAS ON MEN
• Men are more likely to drink too much, take unhealthy risks and engage in violence.
• They are less likely to seek professional help or talk about their problems with
friends or family.
• Men are more likely to commit suicide.
 MEN AND MASCULINITIES
APPROACH

• A “men and masculinities”

approach to promoting equality
between the sexes focuses on how
to address the male side of gender
equality including the ways
gender roles and stereotypes affect
men and boys' identities,
behaviours and expected roles and
responsibilities.
G E ND E R
ISSUES
REPRODUCTIVE WORKS PRODUCTIVE WORKS
-This includes child bearing, rearing, and care for - Activities carried out by men and women in
family members such as children, elderly, and order to produce goods and service either for sale,
workers. these task are done mostly by women. exchange, or meet the subsistence of the family

GIRLS EDUCATION
PRACTICAL GENDER NEEDS - Since the early 21st century, girls’ access to education has
leaped forward around the world. While girls’ learning
- Refers to what women or men perceive as outcomes are improving faster than boys’, almost two
immediate necessities thirds of illiterate adults in the world are women, and three
quarters of children who are likely never to go to primary
school are girls
WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT (WID)
•  The WID approach helped to ensure, the
integration of women into the workforce and
increase their level of productivity in order to
improve their lives. However some have criticized
this approach as being very western. Since it is a
perception of the global south from global north
perspective, as it fails to acknowledge the
collective and cultural concerns of women in the
developing world. It approach has been tagged as
being rather cumbersome on women, as it fails to
understand the dynamics of the private sphere
but focus solely on the public sphere. 
WOMEN AND
DEVELOPMENT
• WAD focuses specifically on
the relation between
patriarchy and capitalism.
The WAD perspective states
that women have always
participated and contributed
towards economic
development, regardless of the
public or private spheres.
 GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

• The diversity of this approach was open to the

experiences and need of women in the developing world.
Its two main goals were to prove that the unequal
relationship between the sexes hinders development and
female participation. The GAD approach is not just
focused on the biological inequalities among sexes: men
and women, however on how social roles, reproductive
roles and economic roles are linked to Gender inequalities
of: masculinity and femininity. 
 GENDER EQUALITY

• Gender equality is a fundamental human right and that right is

violated by gender-based discrimination. Gender disparity starts
in childhood and is right now limiting the lifelong potential of
children around the world – disproportionately affecting girls.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!!
!