9. Approximately how many liters of D5W are needed to provide a patient with 1,000 calories? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 10.

Overinfusion of isotonic fluids in patients treated for hypovolemia can cause a. hypervolemia. b. hypotension. c. hyperglycemia. d. hypernatremia. 11. Signs of hypervolemia include all a. peripheral edema. b. thready pulse. c. dyspnea. d. pulmonary crackles. 12. Which solution can be used to shift fluids into the cells? a. 0.45% sodium chloride b. Ringer's solution c. D10W d. 5% albumin 13. Older adult patients receiving hypotonic solutions should be monitored for a. anxiety. b. bradycardia. c. confusion. d. diarrhea. 14. Which of the following is hypertonic? a. 0.33% sodium chloride b. 2.5% D5W c. 0.45% sodium chloride d. 3% sodium chloride 15. Monitor patients receiving a 3% sodium chloride solution for a. dehydration. b. pulmonary edema. c. increased ICP. d. hyperglycemia. 16. Compared to crystalloids, colloid solutions a. have a longer duration of action. b. have a shorter duration of action. c. require infusion of a larger total volume. d. have a lower oncotic pressure. 17. One of the most commonly used colloids is a. 5% albumin.

b. LMWD c. HMWD d. hetastarch 18. Colloid solutions can interfere with a. glucose metabolism. b. renal function. c. liver function. d. platelet function.