54932388 Βοήθημα Μαθηματικών Α Γυμνασίου taexeiola blogspot com PDF

taexeiola.blogspot.
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4 8. 16, 24, 32 .
8.
.
2 4 8 4 + 8 = 12 8 4 = 4 .

; :
. 30
. 100

.
- - -
- - -
60.
;

, ()
() , ( ) ()
:
= + <
.
= 0 , =
.
0 , .

;

,
10 ,
, .
;
,
( ).
;
, , -
- - -
- - -
61.
, ,
10, 100, 1000 ;

10 100 1000
...,
... .
.
.
1.
.
:
: =
=
2. , .
3.
.
4. 3 9
3 9 .
5. 2 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
5 0 5.
6. :
= +
.
- - -
- - -
62.
.
. 91 : 7
. 120 : 5
. 136 : 17
. 3588 : 23
. 58117 : 89
. 34200 : 456
. 91
21
13
x 7
13
0
. 136
0
91
17
. 120
20
0
. 3588
128
138
0
17
x 8
136
24
24
x 5
120
23
156
156
x 23
468
312
3588
. 58117
471
267
0
89
653
653
x 89
5877
5224
. 34200
2280
0
456
75
2280
3192
58117
:
. 11x = 165
. 4x = 92
. x : 3 = 11
. 23x = 115
. 4x = 92
x = 92 : 4
x = 23
456
x 75
34200
. 27 : x = 9
. 192 : x = 32
. 11x = 165
x = 165 :11
x = 15
. 27 : x = 9
9x = 27
x = 27 : 9
x=3
- - -
- - -
63.
. x : 3 = 11
x = 311
x = 33
. 23x = 115
x = 115 : 23
x =5
. 192 : x = 32
32x = 192
x = 192 : 32
x=6
:
. , 7 14.
. 231 .
. 5 320 .
. : 14 : 7 = 2
. 231: 3 = 77 .
. 320 : 5 = 64 5 .
15 23
3790 . 80 ,
.
2380 = 1840 , 15
3790 1840 = 1950 . : 1950 :15 = 130 .
18. 6
30. ;
6 30 18 = 12
12 : 6 = 2 .
8, 24 56
... .
8 : 1, 2, 4, 8
24 : 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
56 : 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56
8, 24 56 : 1, 2, 4, 8
... (8, 24, 56) = 8
... 36. .
- - -
- - -
64.
36 , 36,
. 1, 2, 3, 4,
6, 9, 12, 18, 36 .
3432, 4581, 864, 156, 62775, 730
.
. 2
. 5
. 3
. 9
. 3432, 864, 156, 730 2, 2, 4,

6 0.
. 62775, 730 5, 5 0.
. 3432, 4581, 864, 156 3,
3.
. 4581, 864, 62775 9,
9.
.
. i. 52....3
ii. 2....61 3.
. 6....4.... 2 9.
. 52....3, 2....61 3
3 :
i. 5223,
5253, 5283
ii. 2061,
2361, 2661, 2961
. 6....4.... 2 9
0, 2, 4, 6, 8
9, :
6840, 6642, 6444, 6246, 6048, 6948
.
. 132
. 500
. 140
. 132 2
66 2
33 3
11 11
1
132 = 22 311
. 500 2
250 2
125 5
25 5
5 5
1
500 = 22 53
. 140 2
70 2
140 = 22 57
35 5
7 7
1
- - -
- - -
65.
... ... 60 150.
... ,

.
...

. :
100 2
50 2
25 5
60 2
30 2
15 3
5 5
1
60 = 22 35
55
1
100 = 22 52
... (60,100 ) = 22 352 = 300
... (60,100 ) = 22 5 = 20
.
. 315 : 25 . 5124 : 15
. 134 : 8
. 134 8
54 16
6
16
x 8
128
+ 6
134
. 315 25
65 12
15
25
x 12
50
+ 25
300
+ 15
315
. 5124 15
62 341
24
9
341
x 15
1705
341
5115
+
9
5124
- - -
- - -
66.

. : 5 .
. , , 5, 7.
.
: 5 : 0 1 2 3 4
. : = 57 + < 5
.
. 0, 805 : 35
. 8, 25 : 2
=0
=1
= 57 = 35
= 57 + 1 = 36
=2
=3
=4
= 57 + 2 = 37
= 57 + 3 = 38
= 57 + 4 = 39
. 51, 84 : 9, 6
. 8, 25 3
22 2, 75
15
0
. 0,805 35
105 0, 023
0
: . i. (64 + 32 ) : 4
. 0, 6 : 0,12
ii. (64 : 4 ) + ( 32 : 4 ) . ;
. N . i. (73, 8 + 44, 4 ) : 6
ii. (7, 56 + 9, 72 ) : 1, 2
. i. (64 + 32 ) : 4 = 96 : 4 = 24
ii. (64 : 4 ) + (32 : 4 ) = 16 + 8 = 24
(64 + 32 ) : 4 = (64 : 4 ) + (32 : 4 ) = 24

. i. (73,8 + 44, 4 ) : 6 = 118, 2 : 6 = 19, 7
(73,8 + 44, 4 ) : 6 = 73,8 : 6 + 44, 4 : 6 = 12,3 + 7, 4 = 19, 7

ii. (7,56 + 9, 72 ) :1, 2 = 17, 28 :1, 2 = 14, 4
- - -
- - -
67.
(7,56 + 9, 72 ) :1, 2 = 7,56 :1, 2 + 9, 72 :1, 2 = 6,3 + 8,1 = 14, 4

O 8 10,56. ;
8 10,56 10, 56 : 8 = 1, 32 .
. 2,5 12, 1250
5,75. .
1 1 12 : 2, 5 = 4,8
2 1 5, 75 :1, 250 = 4, 6
2 .
.
. 62, 8 : 13
. 185, 6 : 33, 6
. 564 : 23
i. .
ii. .
iii. .
23
. 564
104
120
50
24,5217...
i. 564 : 23 = 24,5 .
ii. 564 : 23 = 24, 52 .
iii. 564 : 23 = 24, 521 .
40
170
9
. 62,8
108
40
100
9
13
4,8307...
i. 62,8 :13 = 4,8

ii. 62,8 :13 = 4,83
iii. 62,8 :13 = 4,830 .
- - -
- - -
68.
.
i. 185, 6 : 33, 6 = 5,5 .
ii. 185, 6 : 33, 6 = 5,52 .
iii. 185, 6 : 33, 6 = 5, 523 .
1. .
. 80 : 5
. 7125 :15
. 215 : 5
. 16235 : 34
. 405 : 45
. 88576 : 346
2. :
. 5x = 70
. x : 6 = 13
. 15x = 120
. 56x = 168
. 64 : x = 4
. 1088 : x = 64
3. :
. 513 = 65
. 124 = 48
. 716 = 112
. 2731 = 837
. 126 = 72
. 3645 = 1620
4. .
. 2004 : 2004
. 0 :1324
. 5398 :1
. 1932 : 0
5. :
. 1040 , 130 .
. 72
. , 2 6.
. 60 17 .
- - -
- - -
69.
6. 18000 .
24000 20 . ;
7. 42. 4
70. ;
8. 3 5 765 , 6 14
2010 .
.
9. 16, 20, 60 ...

.
10. 20.
.
11. : 3, 5, 9, 11, 12, 15. :

. .
. .
12. 33 , 48 , 63 .
.
, ;
13. 4816, 805, 3600, 28575, 933 .

. 2
. 5
. 3
. 9
14.
. i 6 _ 53
ii. 9 _1 3
. 8 _ 3 _ 5 9.
15. :
. 9 . 18 + 21 . 15 3
, 3.
16.
- - -
- - -
70.
. 126
. 300
. 256
. 620
17. ... ... 36 124.

18. .
. 314 : 5
. 278 : 23
. 12449 : 23
. 43396 : 452
19.
. : 8
. , , 8, 5.
20. :
. 30, 03 : 7
. 0, 406 : 29 . 18, 72 : 5, 2
. 3,864 : 0,56
21. :
. 925 :100
. 31, 4 :1000
. 0, 04 :10
. 658,124 :10000
22. :
. 47,16 : x = 5, 24
. 3, 2x = 30, 72
. 1, 2x = 73,8
. 69,16 : x = 7, 6
23. 6,88 1,72;

24. 5 6,7. 12 ;
25. 34 266,56.
36,72.
26. :
. 22, 4 :10 + 32, 7 :100 + 1682 :1000
. ( 625 :1000 )10
- - -
- - -
71.
1
;
;
2
;
3
2, 3, 5 9;
1
... 18, 48 64.
2
.
. i. 12....9
ii. 8....73 9
. 3....4.... 2 3.
3
6 .
4

. 698 : 34
. 94, 68 : 21
. 895, 23 : 52, 7
i. .
ii. .
iii. .
- - -
- - -
; ;
,
.
,
,
.

; :
42 + ( 30 : 2 - 322 ) + (62 : 9 )2 - (15 + 3 ) : 3

2
:
1. .
2.
.
3. .
:

.
42 + (30 : 2 - 322 ) + (62 : 9 )2 - (15 + 3) : 3
2
( )
= 4 2 + (30 : 2 34 ) + (36 : 9 )2 (15 + 3 ) : 3 =
2
(
)
74.
= 4 2 + (15 12 ) + 42 (15 + 3 ) : 3 =
( )
2
= 42 + 32 + 42 18 : 3 =
( )
= 16 + 9 + 42 18 : 3 =
( , )
= 16 + 9 + 8 6 =
( , )
25 + 8 6 = 33 6 = 27

;
3000000, 27000, 80900000,
740300000.

( ) 1
10, 10. :
3000000 = 3106
27000 = 2, 7104
80900000 = 8, 09107
740300000 = 7, 403108
1.
.
2.
.
3.
:
.
. ,
. , .

.
4. : 10
1 10.
- .
:
. 184 - 315 + 913
. 78 : 3 + 342 - 36 : 3
. 12, 35 - 1, 52 : 4 + 31,19
. 184 315 + 913 =

( )
= 72 45 + 117 =
( )
= 27 + 117 = 144
. 78 : 3 + 342 36 : 3 =
( )
= 26 + 68 12 =
( )
= 94 12 = 82
. 12, 35 1, 52 : 4 + 31,19 = 61, 5 0, 38 + 3, 57 = 61,12 + 3, 57 = 64, 69
:
2
2
ii. = 39, 36 : 3, 2 + (5, 4 2 - 3, 2 2 ) : 4
i. = 16 : 2 + 3 4 - 6 : 9
i. = 16 : 2 + 32 4 62 : 9 =
( )
= 16 : 2 + 94 36 : 9 =
( , )
= 8 + 36 4 =
( )
= 44 4 = 40
2
2
ii. = 39,36 : 3, 2 + (5, 4 3, 2 ) : 4 =
( )
= 39,36 : 3, 2 + ( 29,16 10, 24 ) : 4 =

( )
- .
75.
76.
= 39, 36 : 3, 2 + 18, 92 : 4 =
( )
= 12,3 + 4, 73 = 17, 03
:
. 8 2 + (8 ) = 2,1
. (6 ) - 6 2 = 0, 3
. 8 2 + (8 ) = 82,12 + (82,1) = 82,12 + 16,82 = 84, 41 + 282, 24 =

2
= 35, 28 + 282, 24 = 317,52

. (6 ) 6 2 = (60,3) 60,32 = 1,82 60,32 = 3, 24 60, 09 = 3, 24 0,54 = 2, 7
2
= 17, = 9, = 2 = 3 :
. ( : ) - ( - )
. ( - ) : - ( ) : + ( - ) :
2
. ( : ) ( ) = (9 : 3) (92 17 ) 3 = 32 (18 17 ) 3 = 9 12 3 =
2
= 9 13 = 9 3 = 6
. ( ) : ( ) : + ( ) : = (17 2 ) : 3 ( 23) : 9 + (17 9 ) : 2 =

2
= 15 : 3 62 : 9 + 82 : 2 = 15 : 3 36 : 9 + 64 : 2 = 5 4 + 32 = 1 + 32 = 33
= 15 : 5 + 32 - 7 , = (7 - 5 ) + 35 - 32 , = (12 : 3 ) - 52 = 52 - ( 210 + 3 )
3
:
= ( + ) : 2 + ( : ) ( 2 )
, , ,
= 15 : 5 + (32 7 ) = +3 + (9 7 ) = 3 + 2 = 5
= (7 5 ) + 35 32 = 23 + 35 32 = 8 + 15 9 = 23 9 = 14
3
= (12 : 3) 52 = 42 10 = 16 10 = 6
2
= 52 ( 210 + 3) = 25 ( 20 + 3) = 25 23 = 2
, , , :
= ( + ) : 2 + ( : ) ( 2 ) = (14 + 6 ) : 2 2 + (14 : 2 )6 (52 14 )2 =
20 : 22 + 76 ( 25 14 )2 = 20 : 22 + 76 112 = 20 : 4 + 76 112 =
5 + 42 22 = 47 22 = 25
- .
y - 2,1 = 0, 3,
x + 3, 7 = 4, 2,
.
77.
0, 4 = 0,12
= ( x 2 + y ) : 0, 5 + (t 2 + x ) : 4 - 2
4, 8 : t = 3, 2 = ( y : - x8 ) - (t : x )2
2
x, y, , t. :
x + 3, 7 = 4, 2
x = 4, 2 3, 7
x = 0,5
y 2,1 = 0,3
y = 0,3 + 2,1
4,8 : t = 3, 2
0, 4 = 0,12
= 0,12 : 0, 4
= 0,3
y = 2, 4
3, 2t = 4,8
t = 4,8 : 3, 2
t = 1,5
= ( x 2 + y ) : 0,5 + ( t 2 + x ) : 4 - 2
(0,5
+ 2, 4 ) : 0,5 + (1,52 + 0,5 ) : 4 0,32 =
B = ( y : x8 ) ( t : x )2 =
2
= ( 2, 4 : 0,3 0,58 ) (1,5 : 0,5 ) 2 =

2
(0, 25 + 2, 4 ) : 0,5 + ( 2, 25 + 0,5) : 4 0,32 =
= (8 4 ) 32 =
2, 65 : 0,5 + 2, 75 : 4 0, 09 =
= 42 6 =
16 6 = 10
5,3 + 0, 6875 0, 09 =
5,9875 0, 09 = 5,8975
- = 3, 2 + = 1, 4 .
= 23 + 5 2 - (4 2 - 10 ) + (15 : 3 ) - 45
= 23 + 52 - ( 42 -10 ) + (15 : 3) - 45 = 23 + 52 (16 10 ) + 5 45 =
= 6 + 25 6 + 5 20 = 6 6 + 25 20 + 5 = 6 ( ) + ( 25 20 ) + 5 =
= 6 ( ) + 5 + 5 = 6 ( ) + 5 ( + ) = 63, 2 + 51, 4 = 19, 2 + 7 = 26, 2
:
. 45000000
. 9830000
. 27600000000
. 827300000
. 524000
. 3000000
. 35900000
. 13200000
. 45000000 = 4,5107
. 9830000 = 9,83106
. 27600000000 = 2, 761010
. 35900000 = 3,59107
. 827300000 = 8, 273108
. 524000 = 5, 24105
. 3000000 = 3106
. 13200000 = 1,32107
- .
78.
:
. 2, 03106
. 8, 64107
. 5,1108
. 4, 721109
. 2, 03106 = 2030000
. 8, 64107 = 86400000
. 4, 721109 = 4721000000
. 5,1108 = 510000000
.
. 3, 4106 + 5, 2106
. 6104 + 1, 4105
. 300105
. 520106
. 3, 4106 + 5, 2106 = 106 (3, 4 + 5, 2 ) = 8, 6106

. 6104 + 1, 4105 = 60000 + 140000 = 200000 = 2105
. 300105 = 300100000 = 30000000 = 3107
. 520106 = 5201000000 = 520000000 = 5, 2108
1. :
= 127 + 98 315
= 35 : 5 + 125 90 :15
= 189 173 + 224 : 56
2. :
. (14,32 5, 7 ) : ( 0, 75 + 0, 05)
. ( 73, 2 : 3)4 (19, 08 :1,8 )3
. (9,35 27, 4 ) + ( 0,56 : 8 + 1, 03)

. 927 (1, 2 : 8 ) (12,88 : 5, 6 ) + 3(7, 22 5, 04 )
3. :
= 18 : 32 + 43 + 3( 4 + 2 2 ) + 25 :16 27 : 32
- .
79.
= ( 29 43) + (6 + 4 2 ) 3 (7 23)
2
= (32 23 )
2004
20
+ ( 43 + 62 3) 63 4 (52 64 ) + 11
4. :
. 0,8 + ( 6, 2 2 4,3) + 5, 23 5, 62 : 2
. (3 2,8 ) + 53 1, 22 5
2
. 4,3 + (6,92 4,3) + 7,12 2,1
. 5 4, 2 + 6,142 + 82 5, 223 + 6,12
5. :
. 9x 2 + (9x ) x = 0, 7
2
. (15t ) 15t 2 t = 1, 5
2
. 2y 2 + 5y + 4 y = 0, 02
6.
= 5, = 2, = 4 = 9 :
= ( ) + ( ) : ( 2 )
2
7.
x = 2,1, y = 4, = 3, 2 t = 1, 6 .
A = ( y x ) + ( : t ) ( ty ) :
2
8.
= ( 2 2 ) : + ( ) ( )
B = ( x + ) y t 2 y 2 + y3
2
x + 26 = 31, 17y = 51, 15 = 11 t : 2 = 3

.
A = ( t : y ) + 2x 2 (8x ) : t 2 : y
6
B = ( 2 ) y3 (3t : 2 ) + ( x + 2 )
2
= 7 + t 2 : 9 (15y + ) + x 2
+ 12,5 = 13,9, 22, 4 = 19,3, 14,8 = 37 1, 2 : = 6
:
9.
= 3 2 (5 4 ) + (8 : 2 )4
2
= ( ) + 8 4,8 : + 7
2
= ( + ) (5 4 ) + 9
5
10. :
- .
80.
. 821000000
. 14100000
. 5320000
. 6020000
. 7140000000
. 28000000
11. :
. 3, 2106
. 1, 04108
. 5,32108
. 2,5381011
. 8, 72105
. 6104
12. :
7, 4106 , 2103 , 2, 4106 , 3109 , 6, 2107
- .
81.
1
;
2
;
;
= 7 + 532 = 1232 = 129 = 108
1
:
= (62 29 ) + (108 :12 ) 43 2

2
= (34 43 )4 + 52 22 (90 : 32 )
2
:
. 31200000
. 1110000000
. 456000
. 87130000
- .
7: --

-
-
-
-
-
-
8: -
-
-

-
9: -
-
-
10: -
-
-
.
; ;
()
.

.
( ) = 1 .
, , , ......
. 1, 2,
3, 4, ... , , , ... .
o .

.
;
;
;
;

.
.. (3,5 ) , ( 2,8 )
Ox,
Oy, .
(, )
.
86.
. (, ) .
(0, 0 ) .
;

( ). .
.
;
;
;
;
(m).
:
( dam ) :1dam = 10m
( hm ) :1hm = 100m
( km ) :1km = 1000m
:
( dm ) :1dm = 0,1m
(cm ) :1cm = 0, 01m
( mm ) :1mm = 0, 001m
:
(yrd), (ft), (in),
.
:
- - -
- - - .
87.
1yrd = 3ft = 36in

1ft = 12in
1yrd = 0,9144m
1ft = 0,3048m
1in = 0, 0254m
1 = 1609m
1 = 1852m.
. ,
, . .
;

;

.
.
1.
.
2. Ox, y
O (0, 0 ) .
3. (1m).
4.
.
- - -
- - - .
88.
:
. 3
. 5
. 2,5
. 3,8
A (3, 0 )
B (5, 0 )
( 2,5, 0 )
(3,8, 0 )
2, 3, 8.
: ( 2,3) , (3, 2 ) , ( 2,8 ) , (8, 2 ) , (3,8 ) , (8,3)

: ( 2, 3 ) , (1, 0 )
( 3, 5 ) , ( 2.5,1.5 )
3.
3 xx
- - -
- - - .
89.
yy 3.
, 2,6
. ,
.
12 9.
. 6,5Km m . 12500m Km.
. 6,5m = (6,51000 ) m = 6500m

. 12500m = (12500 :1000 ) Km = 12,5Km
dm cm :
. 960mm
. 6,4m
. 0,5Km
. 0,9m
. 960mm = 960 :100 = 9, 6dm

960mm = 960 :10 = 96cm
. 6, 4m = 6, 410 = 64dm
6, 4m = 6, 4100 = 640cm
. 0,5Km = 0,51000 = 500m = 50010 = 5000dm
0,5Km = 500m = 500100 = 50000cm

m :
. 3dm 5cm
. 2m, 8cm 9mm
. 3dm 5cm =
. 0,9m = 0,910 = 9dm
0,9m = 0,9100 = 90cm
. 12m 3dm 4mm
3
5
m
= 0,35m
10
100
. 2m 8cm 9mm = 2m
8
9
= 2, 089m
100
1000
- - -
- - - .
90.
. 12m 3dm 4mm = 12m
3
4
m
= 12,304m
10
1000
= 305m, = 100m,
= 500m, = 180m.
m Km.
:
= + + + = 305 + 100 + 500 + 180 = 1085m = 1, 085Km
.
7,5dm = 7,5100 = 750mm
10cm = 1010 = 100mm

:
AB + B + + = 750 + 400 + 100 + 200 = 1450mm
= 5,5cm, = 3in = 0,5ft.
:
= + + = 5, 5cm + 32,54cm + 0,530, 48cm
= 5, 5 + 7, 62 + 15, 24 = 28, 36cm
.
. 120dm
. 9m
. 15000mm
. 0,01m
120
= 12m
10
15000
15000mm =
= 15m
1000
0, 01Km = 0, 011000 = 10cm
: 120dm =
: 15000mm > 120dm > 0, 01Km > 9m

2,34
2,93 yrd.
;
- - -
- - - .
91.
2,93
= 3, 20 .
0,9144
1. () 50 ().
(5)
2. , , ,
1, 3, 5, 12 .
, , .
3. 6
4. 1,25 2,38.
5. dm cm :
. 360mm
. 2,5m
. 0,4m
. 0,1m
6. N :
. 165cm m
. 2550mm cm
. 350mm m
7. N cm :
. 2dm 5cm
. 2m 3cm 5mm
. 38m 3dm 6mm
8. = 105,8m, = 30m, =
15,8m = 20m. m, Km, dm, cm, mm.
- - -
- - - .
92.
9.
O AB = 3, 5m , B = 45dm , = 260cm ,
A = 56dm . m, dm, cm.
10. N 2850mm 2,85m.

11. .
. 1,2m
. 102dm
. 10300mm
. 1035cm . 0,015Km
12. N :
A
2,5d
2,5dm
0m
20
14
cm
1,5dm
45
mm
5dm
13. :
. 3,28m
14.
. 0,09m
. 0,014m
. 15,308mm
40yrd 200. .
15. .
130yrd, 100yrd 6in 80yrd 3ft.
8yrd .
- - -
- - - .
93.
1
, ,
.
2
;
;
3
.
(0, 0 ) ;
1
100m, 150dm.
4 . ;
2
.
- - -
- - - .
;
;
(1),
(1)
(2) .

(1).
.
.
(m2)
.
(m2) 1 m.
:
2
2
- (dm ) :1dm =
1 2
m
100
- (cm 2 ) :1cm 2 =
1
m2
10000
- ( mm 2 ) :1mm 2 =
1
m2
1000000
:
- (dam 2 ) :1dam 2 = 100m 2
2
2
- ( hm ) :1hm = 10000m
96.
2
2
2
- ( Km ) = 1Km = 1000000m

: 1 = 1000m2.

;
:
;
;
,
.
.
1. 1m2.
2. To m2
:
- -
- .
97.
3. E = ,
.
4. = 2 .
m2 :
= 1, 5dm 2
= 12255mm 2
= 0, 01dm 2
= 135000cm 2
: = 1,5 :100 = 0, 015m 2
= 12255 :1000000 = 0, 012255m 2

= 0, 01:100 = 0, 0001m 2
= 135000 :10000 = 13,5m 2
dm2 :
- -
- .
98.
= 3, 5m 2
= 45500cm 2
= 0,12Km 2
= 1550000mm 2
: = 3,5m 2 = 3,51000000 = 3500000m 2 = 3500000100 = 350000000dm 2
= 45500 :100 = 455dm 2

= 0,12Km 2 = 0,121000000 = 120000m 2 = 12000000dm 2
= 1550000mm 2 = 1550000 :10000 = 155dm 2
.
. 40000m2
. 156500m2
. 1240m2
= 40000 :1000 = 40 .
= 156500 :1000 = 156,5 .
= 1240 :1000 = 1, 24 .
.
8m 2dm.
2dm = 2 :10 = 0, 2m . E = = 80, 2 = 1, 6m 2 .

400m2.
- -
- .
99.
E = 2
= 400cm2 2 = 400cm2 = 20cm .

27m2
30cm. .
: E = 2 = (30cm ) = 900cm 2 = 0, 09m 2

2
: 27 : 0, 09 = 300 .
0,25m
15cm.
15cm = 0,15m , :
20, 25 + 20,15 = 0, 5 + 70,3 = 0,8m
: E = = 0, 250,15 = 0,37m 2 .
35dm
240cm. 1m2 5 .
35dm = 3,5m 240cm = 2, 4m E = = 3,524 = 8, 4m 2 .

8, 45 = 42
14,4m 300 60000. .
600 : 300 = 200m2 . x

: 14, 4x = 200 x = 200 :14, 4 13,8m .
.
- -
- .
100.
: = 4221 = 882m 2 .
= 1212 = 144m 2 .
= 882 144 = 738m 2 .
1. 18,5dm2
m 2 , cm 2 , mm 2 .
2. cm2 :
. 3,4m2
. 2,5dm2
. 15625mm2
. 0,6m2
. 0,02dm2
3. m2 :
. 2Km2 . 570dm2
. 85000cm2 . 2800000mm2
4. .
5. 6dm 16dm.
6. H 45m2 30cm.
.
- -
- .
101.
7. 3600m2. A
7200cm .
7,2m 1,5m.
.
8. 60m 1000
12000. .
9.
96m. .
10. 30m 12m. ;
- -
- .
102.
1

;
2
m2; ;
1
180m
10m. .
2
.
- -
- .
;
;

(1) (1)
(2)
.
(1).

.
;
m3 ;

(m3), 1m.
:
(dm3 ) :1dm3 = 0, 001m3
(cm 3 ) :1cm 3 = 0, 000001m 3
( mm 3 ) :1mm 3 = 0, 00000001m 3

( ) :1 = 1dm3
( m )1m = 1cm3 .
104.
; ;
,
.
V = , , .

. : V = 3
1.
.
2. 1m3.
3. (1 ) .
1 = 1000cm3 = 1000ml = 1dm3
4. m 3
, :
- -
105.
5. V = 3
6. , , V =
dm 3 :
. 3m 3
. 25cm 3
. 5,256m3
. 3m3 = 31000 = 3000dm3

. 25cm3 = 25 :1000 = 0, 025dm3
. 5, 256m3 = 5, 2561000 = 5256dm 3
cm 3 :
. 0, 08dm 3
. 30mm3
. 0, 645m 3
- -
106.
. 0, 08dm3 = 0, 081000 = 80cm3

. 30mm3 = 30 :1000 = 0, 03cm3
. 0, 645m3 = 0, 6451000000 = 645000cm3
:
3
. 6m
. 25dm3
. 525ml
. 25dm3 = 25
. 6m3 = 61000 = 6000
. 525m = 525 :1000 = 0, 525
mm 3 :
. 0,12m 3
. 3, 465cm 3
. 5, 75dm 3
. 0,12m3 = 0,125109 = 125000000mm3

. 5, 75dm3 = 5, 751000000 = 5750000mm3
. 3, 46cm3 = 3, 4651000 = 3465mm3
m 3 :
. 5200000cm 3
. 55850124mm 3
5200000
= 5, 2m3
1000000
55850124
= 0,55850124m3
1000000000
2,5m, 15dm,
1150mm.
15dm =
15
1150
= 1,5m 1150mm =
= 1,15m .
10
1000
V = = 2, 51,51,15 = 4,312m 3
3,2m :
. m 3
. dm 3
. cm 3
- -
107.
V = 2 = 3, 23 = 32,8m3 = 32,81000 = 32800dm3 = 328001000 = 32800000cm3

0, 216m 3 . .
3
3
3
= 0, 216 = 0, 6 = 0, 6m
V = 0, 216m
V = 3
60cm, 15cm, 10cm,

3
13, 5m .
V = 601510 = 9000cm3
9000 :1000000m3 = 0, 009m3
13,5: 0,009 = 1500 .
4, 5m, 20dm, 150cm .
20,15 .

4,5m = 4,510 = 45dm
150cm = 150 :10 = 15dm
V = 451520 = 13500dm3 .
1 20,15 , 60 :
6020,15 = 1209
: 13500 :1209 = 11 .
- -
108.
1.
dm3 :
. 0,3m3
. 10500cm3
. 7000000mm3
2. cm3 :
. 0,32dm3
. 128mm3
. 0,18m3
3. mm3 :
. 2m3
. 0,12dm3
. 25cm3
4. m3 :
. 35450000mm3
. 5400000cm3
5. :
. 10m3
. 530m3
6. :
7. 81cm2 . .
8. 1331cm3 . .
- -
109.
9. 45m cm3 .
10.
N , 3m,
25dm, 200cm.
11. 30dm
6m. 1980m3 .
12. 4m, 30dm 150cm.

.
. 1800 ;
13. cm2 2160 .

14. 10ft. .
- -
110.
1
, ;
2
;
3
;
1

5,5mm. 30m 40m
;
2
8 3cm.
.
- -
11: -
-

-
-
12: -
-
-
-
13: -
-
-
-
14: -
-
-

11
H
To

.
1
:
1
,
. .

( 0 )
122.
1
2. :
5
3
.
5
. .
1
3
2 32 = 6 .
5
5
. : 52 = 10
13
2
40.
.
20
5
2
1
40

5
5
40 : 2 = 20
: 205 = 100
1
: 100 : 20 = 5
20
13
: 513 = 65
20
65.
6
200.
5
9
.
2420.
10
- -
123.
1
6
200 : 200 : 5 = 40 : 406 = 240
5
5
1
2420 : 2420 :10 = 242
10
9
: 2429 = 2178
10
1

5
12. :
. 12.
. .
1
4

5
5
.
1
4
12 12 : 4 = 3 3 .
5
5
12 + 3 = 15
4

7
. ;
112 .
1
4
112 : 7 = 16 164 = 64 .
7
7
112 64 = 48 .
4
88 11
5
.
.
11
4
1
5
88
88 : 4 = 22
225 = 110 .
11
11
11
275 . 218 . . :
. .
. .
- -
124.
275 218 = 57 .
.
218

275
57
.
275
1. ;
2. :
. 32cm .
. 30m .
. 100m .
. 7mm .
3. N :
. 25min .
. 650gr .
. 23 ( ).
- -
125.
4. x , .
T 6min
1
.
10
315
1
31
21cm
315
.
365
175
100
175gr
.
21
.
1000
7
.
24
5. .
- -
126.
6.
3

4
.
o o ;
12.000
7.
4
40
10
. :
. .
. .
8. 11
36.
9. 553 .
5
.
6
2
.
7
10.
5
3
3. .
8
4
- -
127.
...
()
1
i. ;
ii. ;
1
60 . 45. :
. ;
. ;
2
100
15 . 291.
;
5
3
45. .
6
4
- -
128.
, ,
, :
=:
1
.
: =
0
=0
=1
/
.

=
=
- -
129.

. 3 : 10
. 12 : 5
. 7 : 3
. 6 : 11
. 15 : 8
. 3 :10 =
3
.
10
. 12 : 5 =
m: .
12
.
5
. 7 : 3 =
1
8m
4
7
.
3
. 6 :11 =
6
.
11
. 15 : 8 =
15
8
1
21m.
3
1
8m : 8 : 4 = 2m
4
1
21m : 21: 3 = 7m
3
:
.
x - 10
=0.
5
8-x
= 0.
3
x-3
=1.
8
x+4
=1.
7
4-x
=0
3
x-6
=1.
8
x 10 = 0 x = 10
. : 8 x = 0 x = 8
. : x 3 = 0 x = 3
. .
: x 3 = 8 x = 8 + 3 = 11
- -
130.
. : x + 4 = 7 x = 7 4 = 3
. : x 6 = 8 x = 8 + 6 = 14
900.

1

3
1
. .
2
1
900 : 900 : 3 = 300 .
3
: 900 300 = 600

1
600 : 600 : 2 = 300 .
2
.
.
5 ....
=2
5
7 ....
=0
3
4
. .... - 3 = 1
4 - ....
=0
7
. .... + 3 = 1
12
.
4 ....
=0
2
4-4
=0
7
52
=2
5
70
=0
3
4
. 7 - 3 = 1
. 9 + 3 = 1
12
.
40
=0
2
- -
131.
11. .
3: 8
4 : 7 11 : 3 6 : 31 85 : 3 17 : 15 2:10
5:3
8 : 1 1 : 8 6 : 12 3 : 14
3
8
12. :
4
= .... ,
7
3
= .... ,
8
6
= .... ,
50
7
= ....
2
. 4 = .... ,
1
= .... ,
4
2
= .... ,
10
10
= ....
2
13. N x :
.
x-4
=0.
3
x 7
=0.
8
x -3
=1.
14
x 8
=0.
2
x+3
=1.
5
8 x
=1.
3
14. x .
.
7
=3.
x
8
= 4.
x2
0
=0.
x 1
4x
=3.
x
15. 12 2;
- -
132.
16. cm : .
1
6cm.
5
1
9cm.
3
17. .
4 ....
=1
2
4 ....
=4
7
....
= 10
1
5 ....
=0
3
83
=2
....
6
=1
.... 3
13
=1
....
3 ....
=6
3
18. :
.
x -11
=0.
3
x+6
= 1.
21
x - 21
=1.
3
x + 21
=1.
30
7+x
=1.
18
12 x
= 1.
4
- -
133.
...
()
1
;
2
;
1
.
. 25cm .
. 30min .
. 10 .
3
8
12.
.
10
10
3
5
18.
.
5
10
- -
134.
;
.
5 52 10
=
=
7 72 14
20 20 :10 2
=
=
30 30 :10 3

;

(
)
.
( )
.
!

=

:
=
:
( )

=
=
1 1
= ( ).

.
.
14 14 : 7 2
=
=
21 21: 7 3

.
..
- -
135.
:
. 7 1: 7 =
7
1
. 5 3: 5 =
53 15
=
13 3
1
1 15 5
15: =
=
3
3 35 15
3
3 36 18
30: =
=
5
5 56 30
:
.
10
.
20
8
.
16
25
.
5
100
.
25
84
.
12
25
.
100
10 10 :10 1
=
=
20 20 :10 2
8
8:8 1
=
=
16 16 : 8 2
84 84 :12 7
=
= =7
12 12 :12 1
25 25 : 5 5
=
= =5
5
5:5 1
100 100 : 25 4
=
= =4
25
25 : 25 1
25
25 : 25 1
=
=
100 100 : 25 4
.
.
3 6
,
5 10
4 5
. ,
3 4
6 8
,
10 15
1
3
,
22 66
2 4
,
7 14
4 2
. ,
2 8
- -
136.
, :
. 310 = 56
3 6
=
5 10
. 44 35
. 214 = 74
2 4
=
7 14
. 615 810
6
8
10 15
. 48 23
4 2
3 8
. 166 = 322
1
3
=
22 66
4 5
3 4
:
.
25
75
3 + 3
8 + 8
3x
6x
25 125 1
=
=
75 325 3
3 + 3 3 ( + ) 3
=
= ( )
8 + 8 8 ( + ) 8
3 x 3 13 1
= =
=
6 x 6 23 2
- -
137.
19. 5 :
. 1
. 3
20.
. 9.
. 5
. 6
. 10
1
:
3
. 15.
. 30.
. 90.
. 300.
. 900.
21. :
.
4
.
12
9
.
12
25
.
45
18
.
90
25
.
95
300
.
900
100
.
110
32
.
48
22. :
.
126
.
54
81
.
243
256
.
512
111
.
333
23. (), () :
.
37 3
=
47 4
7+9 7
=
6+9 6
3+5 5
=
3+ 6 6
2:3 2
=
4:3 4
10 5 5
=
10 3 3
- -
138.
24. ( ):
6 12
,
.
7 11
3 6
.
,
5 10
2 6
.
,
9 27
36 72
,
.
13 26
100 300
,
.
7
21
40 80
,
.
50 90
25. :
5
=
.
8 40
2 x
= .
5 15
2 k
.
=
7 21
2
= .
100 10
8
=
.
7 28
2 10
= .
4 x
26. :
.
5x + 5y
.
7x + 7y
8 + 2
.
4+
5 + 10
.
6 + 12
421 42
.
,
991 99
27. :
.
44 4
, .
99 9
1212 12
.
,
9999 99
28. ,
3 + 7
= 1 .
6
+ 4
- -
139.
;

.

.

.
.
. .
.
.
- -
140.
:
.
3 1
,
2 3
1 1 1
, ,
2 3 4
4 3
,
6 8
3 1 (2, 3) = 6
. ,
2 3
1 1 1
, ,
2 3 4
3 2
3 1
,
2 3
(2, 3, 4) = 12
9 2
,
6 6
6 4 3
1 1 1
, ,
2 3 4
4 3
4 3 (6, 8) = 24 4 3
. ,
,
6 8
6 8
6 4 3
,
,
12 12 12
16 9
,
24 24
> () < ()
.
.
2
,1 .
3
4
. ,1 .
3
. 1,
7
.
6
3 5
, .
8 8
4 4
, .
3 7
1 2
. , .
3 5
4 7
, .
3 6
2
<1
3
1 2
. <
3 5
4
>1
3
. 1 <
7
6
1 2 (3, 5) = 15
,
3 5
5 3
1 2
,
3 5
3 5
<
8 8
4 4
>
3 7
5 6
,
15 15
- -
141.
4 7
,
3 6
4 7
. >
3 6
(3, 6) = 6
2 1
4 7
,
3 6
8 7
,
6 6
1 2 5 4 5
, , , ,
2 3 6 9 18
1 2 5 4 5 (2, 3, 6, 9, 18) = 18
, , , ,
2 3 6 9 18
9 6 3 2 1
1 2 5 4 5
, , , ,
2 3 6 9 18
9 12 15 8 5
,
,
,
,
18 18 18 18 18
:
5
8
9 12 15
<
<
<
<
18 18 18 18 18
5 4 1 2 5
< < < <
18 9 2 3 6
:
.
1
1

6
5
3
4

5
5
. 5
,
5
5
5
,

27
30 25
1 5 1
<
< .
6 27 5
. , .. 4.
:
12 16
,
20 20
3 15 4
15
<
, <
5 20 5
20
13 14
,
)
20 20
- -
142.
29. :
.
2 1
, .
5 3
1 2
, .
4 3
7 1
,
.
6 12
4 1
, .
9 6
. 1,
5
.
3
30. :
.
1 2 3
, , .
2 3 4
2 1 1
, , .
6 4 8
7 1 2
, ,
.
5 10 15
31. :
.
4 3
, .
7 7
65 75
,
.
10 10
5 7
,
.
11 11
1011 1010
,
.
999 999
2 2
, .
9 8
401 401
,
.
24 34
7 1
, .
6 2
3 7
, .
7 9
9 5
, .
8 6
32. :
.
1 2
, .
3 7
3
, 2.
2
2 4
, .
3 5
4 3
, .
3 4
. 5,
12
.
5
. 3,
11
.
3
33. 1 :
.
4
.
5
7
.
3
15
.
21
305
.
101
65
.
71
4
.
113
34.
- -
143.
8 13 2 11 21 7 14 19
.
, , , , , , ,
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
, , , , , , ,
.
3 5 2 11 17 6 8 19
35.
.
2 4 5
, , .
3 9 6
3 1 2 13 17
, , , ,
.
4 8 5 10 20
36. 5 :
. 5 1.
. 8 1.
37.
.
1
2

.
12
12
5
5
.
8
7
38.
.
7
6
.
8
7
5
6
.
6
7
39. :

. , + 1 .
x x+2
. y , y .
+1
. + 4 , .
+ 10 + 10
,
.
4
6
,
.
+2 +4
+4
,
.
+4
40.
6
2
5
41.
3
4
5
2.
- -
144.
...
()
1
. ();
. ;
2

;
1
:
.
1 x
=
3 18
x 4
=
5 2
x 8
=
3 2
2
:
.
25
100
9
27
3x
3y
2
8
2x + 2y
3x + 3y
3
:
.
x 5
=0
8
4x
=0
3
x 3
=1
8
x+4
=1
7
x+5
=1
13
- -
12
;

.

.

.
(+) :
2
2
=5
3
3
1
1
2+ = 2
3
3
5+
146.
:
.
1 6
+
5 5
2 4 5
+ +
3 3 3
2 1
+
5 2
1 2
+
3 6
1 1
+
2 3
4 2
+
7 14
1 6 1+ 6 7
+ =
=
5 5
5
5
2 4 5 2 + 4 + 5 11
+ + =
=
3 3 3
3
3
5 3
4 4
5 3 53 2
=
=
4 4
4
4
12 7
5 5
8 1
10 5
. 3 -
2
3
12 7 12 7 5
=
= =1
5 5
5
5
- -
147.
:
1 1 3
. + +
2 3 6
1 2 1
. + 4 3 6
:
. x +
1
=2
2
5
+x =1
7
. x
1 5
=
3 6
:
. 2
1
3
. 5
2
3
1 3
. 1 +
2 8
1
1 2 1 6 1 7
. 2 = 2 + = + = + =
3
3 1 3 3 3 3
- -
148.
5 6 .
1 ;
1
1
.
5
6
1
1
+ ,
5 6
2

5
1
.
3
;
:
1.
4
.
15
2
2.
5
x :
2
+x =2
5
3
1
.
8
4
x : x
1 3
=
4 8
- -
149.
5
.
8
1
2 1 3 1
1+ + + + + 2
3
3 4 4 5
1. :
.
3 4
+
5 5
1 4
. 3 +
2 3
82
41
7
+
+
303 303 303
2 4 6
+ +
21 21 21
4 1
+
5 3
. 2 +
1
3
2. :
.
3 3 3
+ +
4 2 8
1
4
. 1 + + 2 +
10
5
1 2 3
. 3 + + +
3 3 4
1 1 1
. 1 + + 1 + + 1 +
2 3 4
3. :
- -
150.
5 1
6 6
3 1
5 5
8 2
9 9
5 1
3 2
6 3
10 5
7 1
9 3
4. :
.
1 4 1
+
5 10 10
1 1
. 2 + 1
3 2
1 5
. 3
3 6
2 1
1 1 1 5
. + + . 4 1 +
3 2
2 3 6 3
5. N :
1
4 ,
3
2
,
5
3
1 ,
7
4
5
6. N :
54 82 100 42 75 89
,
,
,
,
,
7
5
7
9
3
4
7. () () .
8
1 23
=
3 3
(....)
25
11 124
=
5
5
(....)
2+
3
3
=5
5
2
(....)
14
4
3
= 13
7
7
(....)
8. :
. x +
1 7
=
4 8
. x + 1 =
. x
2 4
=
5 5
. x
7
3
1
1
=2
3
3
. x 3 =
1
2
. x + 2 =
9.
10
3
3
13

.
5
15
- -
151.
10.
11.
6
3

.
5
10
1
1
1
, 7 10
6
2
3
. ;
5
12.
1
2
,
5
7
.
;
13. 8 10 .
.
14.
15.
1
1
1
x = 2 , y = 3 z = 1 , K = x + y + z .
3
2
3
1 1
1
1
+ , = 1+
= ,
2 3
6
2
= + .
- -
152.

=
.

= 1
1 =1

.
.
1 1.
,
( ).

( : ) x
x x
x = =
.
- -
153.
:
.
1 3
2 4
4
3
9
2 5
3 7
2 7
7 2
1 3 1 3 3
=
=
2 4 24 8
. 3
.
.
. 0
. 3
2
43
3
16
2 5 2 5 10
=
=
3 7 3 7 21
1 5 1 5
5
=
=
8 3 8 3 24
4
4 3 4 3 12 4
2 3 2
3 2
6
=
=
. 3 = =
=
=
=
9
9 1 9 1 9 3
43 1 43 1 43 43
2 7 2 7 14
=
=
=1
7 2 7 2 14
. 0
ii.
3 8 2
8
=
=
2 3 16 16
3 1 1
+
4 3 6
3
=0
16

, =

3 8 2
.
2 3 16
7 5 2
. 3
3 7 9
i.
1 5
8 3
1
2
7 5 2 3 7 5 2 5 2 10
=
iii. 3 = =
3 7 9 1 3 7 9 1 9 9
1 1 1 1
. + +
2 3 5 10
- -
154.
1
2
,
6
5
. ;
30 .
:
:
:
:
1
1 30 30
30 =
=
=5
6
6 1
6
30 5 = 25
2
2 25 50
25 =
=
= 10
5
5 1
5
25 10 = 15
1
1.000 .
4
1
, . ;
3
1
1000
1000 =
= 250
4
4
1000 250 = 750
1
750
750 =
= 250
3
3
750 250 = 500
8
7

9
8
. 1.800 ,
;
1800 :
1800
8 1800 8 200 8
=
=
= 1600
9
9
9
- -
155.
1600
1600 :
7 1600 7 82007
=
=
= 2007 = 1400
8
8
8
2
5
3
8
. 2
1
3
. 0
2 5
5
2
3 8
8
3
1
3
3
. 0,
. 2
1
2
:
. 3x = 1
. x
2
=1
3
. x
1
=1
8
. x 0 = 1
. x
8
=1
17
. 3 x = 1 , x =
1
3
. x 0 = 1 ,
. x
3
2
= 1 , x =
2
3
. x
8
17
= 1 x =
17
8
1
. x = 1 , x = 8
8
24

3

8
1
. ;
12
3
3 24 3 83 383
24 =
=
=
= 9
8
8 1 8 1
81
1
1 24 24
24 =
=
= 2
12
12
12
1 2 3
+ + .
2 3 4
12
23
.
.
23
12
- -
156.
16. :
.
3 1
4 3
2 18
9 4
7 2
3 3
.
4 27
9 36
2 3
5 7
1
8
4
40 1
3 10
. 14
2
7
17. :
.
1 5 3

2 3 10
3 4 5

4 5 3
1 8
6
5
8 5 11
18. :
.
2 1 1
+
3 2 3
8 1 1
+
5 2 3
1 1
. 3 +
4 6
19. :
2 1 4 3
. +
3 4 5 10
1 1
1
. 4 + 3 2
3 3
2
20. .
- -
157.
3
5
2
7
7
14
1
3
121
32
6
101
1
3
2
3
21. :
. x
2
=1
7
1
. x = 1
5
4
x =1
9
. 2 x = 1
x =1
41
x =1
123
22. 3000

1
.
10
23.

3
5
1
. 1200
6
24. -
- -
158.
2
9
9
10
100. ;
25.

1
. ;
6
26. 48 .

3
. ;
96
3
27. 40 cm 10
28.
29.
5
m.
4
1
24.
5
1
. ;
6
30. 500 km. 1

1
1
, 2
3
5
4
1

. km 4
3
.
- -
159.
1
;
4 .
;
2
. 3 .
.
.
2 1
+
3 4
2 1
5 3
21
34
1 1
. 2 3
3 2
1
.
2
() ().
.
+
+ =
+
- -
160.

=0

=1

3
.
2
2.
3
. :
i. 5x = 1
ii.
1
x = 0
3
3
iii. x = 1
8
1
iv. 5 + x = 0
3
v.
2
x =1
3
1
vi. x 4 = 1
2
- -
13
M ;

()
().

: =

. :
(, : ,
, : )
. :
5 10
=
= 10 ,
1 1
2
5
5 1 5
= = .
1 2 2
2
162.
:
.
2 4
:
4 5
4 2
:
3 3
7
:2
6
. 4 :
1
3
2 4 2 5 25 10 5
: = =
=
=
3 5 3 4 34 12 6
4 2 4 3 43 4
: = =
= =2
3 3 3 2 32 2
7
7 2 7 1 71 7
:2 = : = =
=
6
6 1 6 2 62 12
. 4 :
1
= 43 = 12
3
N ( ):
.
2 4
:
5 3
1 3
:
2 5
. 5 :
3
2
6
:2
5
2
2 4 5
. :
5 3 4
3
5
3 5 1
. 5 :
2 3 3
2 2
1
1 3 2
. :
2 5 3
5
23 6
3
=
=
=
45 20 10
6 6
6
. : 2 5 5
5
2 2
1
52 10
=
=
13 3
15 5
=
23 6
16 6 3
=
=
52 10 5
1 2
. 3 :
2 7
4 1
:2
3 3
1 1
. 5 : 3
2 2
- - - T
163.
1 2 7 2 7 7 49
. 3 : = : = =
2 7 2 7 22 4
4 1 4 7 43 4
:2 = : = =
3 3 3 3 37 7
. 5 1 : 3 1 = 11 : 7 = 11 2 = 11
2 2 2 2 2 7 7
:
7 1 1
. : :
5 2 5
5 2 1
: :
3 3 2
1 4
. 3 + :
3 9
5 2 1 5 2 2 5 4 5 3 5
: : = : = : = =
3 3 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 4 4
7 1 1 7 2 1 14 1 14 5
. : : = : = : = = 14
5 2 5 5 1 5 5 5 5 1
9 1 4 10 4 10 9 30 15
=
+ : = : = =
2
3 3 9 3 9 3 4 4
:
.
3
1
x =
4
8
4 3
. x =
5 5
5
1
:x =
3
8
. x : 2
. x :
3
=8
8
1
1
=4
2
2
3
1
1 3
14
4
1
. x = x = : x = x =
x=
4
8
8 4
83
24
6
4 3
3 4
35
3
. x = x = : x = x =
5 5
5 5
54
4
. x : 3 = 8 x8 = 8 x = 8 : 8 x = 8 3 x = 3
8
3
3
18
5
51
1
3
1 23
1 23
1 6
5
= x=
. : : x = 2 = 2 = 2 = =
3
3x
x
5
x 15
x 15
x 5
6
5
51
5
x
5 2
5 2
51
5
: x = 2 = 2 = 2 = x : = x = x = x
3
3x
3
1
3 1
3 1
32
6
1
1
7 9
3 9
9 3
97
63
21
x=
. x : 2 = 4 x : = x = x = : x = x =
2
2
3 2
7 2
2 7
23
6
2
- - - T
164.
2
4
.
3
5
x
x=
2
4
x = :
3
5
4 2
43
12 6
: x= x=
=
5 3
52
10 5
1
4
.
8
7
x :
x:
4 1
7 1
1 7
14
4
1
x=
= x = x = : x = x =
7 8
4 8
8 4
87
56
14
4400 5
1
.
2
: 5
4400 :
1 11
=
.
2 2
11
2 4400 2 8800
=
= 4400 =
= 800 .
2
11
1 11
11
1500m2
2
m2.
3
2
3 4500
= 1500 =
= 2250 .
3
2
2
2

. ;
15
1500 :
x . :
x = 1:
2
x = 1
15
2
15
1 15
15
x = 1
x=
x=
x = 7,5
15
2
1 2
2
- - - T
165.
1. :
.
5 2
:
7 3
. 3 :
4
3
3 1
:
5 5
8 3
:
21 7
13
:5
2
1
. 2 : 5
3
8 8
:
5 3
4
:2
9
2. :
3
. 4 :17
4
2 1 5
. + :
3 2 6
2 1 1
. 4 : +
5 5 10
2 1 7
. + :
3 4 8
1
1
. 5 : 4
2
3
1
. 20 : 10
3
3. :
.
1 1 5 1 2 2 2
. + : + : :
2 3 6 2 3 3 4
1 3
5 3 3
: + 3 :
2 2
9 2 5
4. :
.
3
1
:x =
8
4
1
. x = 4
3
. x :
3
=4
5
1
1
. 2 x =
4
3
5. N .
- - - T
166.
6. N /
. 1
. 2
4
:
5
2
3
. 4
7.
. 1
2
3
4
5
2
3
. 0
2
:
3
. 2
1
3
8. 4 . 6
12 .
;
9. 120
- - - T
167.
1
. ;
2
10.
5
.
21
11. .

4:
1
2
5 1
:
3 8
2 1
8
:
5 3 3
1
4 :5
2
1 5
3 :
3 3

7 :3
2

1 5
2 :
8 8
1 1
5
: :
3 2 6
1

4:2
3

- - - T
168.
12. x () ()
.
4 2 3
:
3 3 5
1 1 2
2 :3
3 2 3
1
4 11
1 :
3 5 8
3
2: :2 1
2
6 2 1
3
: :
5 5 5 5
2
7 2 11
:
3 3 2
1 6 2 1 143
3 : :
2 5 3 2 27
- - - T
169.
1
;
2
; 4 .
1
:
3
. 2
5
3
1
.
2
3
2
. 7
4
5
. 2
1
3
2
1
1
2
3
3
8
5
2
:
3
. x = 1
4
4
1
. x = 2
3
2
3
. x = 2
5
8
. x = 2
9
4 2
. x =
7 7
1
7
. 3 x =
4
12
3
1 2 1 2 1 2
: : + : + :
3 3 4 4 5 5
- - - T
170.
;

10 .
..
2 51 43
,
,
10 100 1000

.
:

10
.
.
21
= 2,1
10
7
0, 7 =
10
,
,
35
= 0,35
100
143 143
1, 43 = 2 =
100
10
( )
( ) .
:
!
11
= 3, 666....
3
11
= 3, 6 ( )
3
11
= 3, 66 ( )
3
11
= 3, 666 ( )
3
- - - T
171.
:
.
22
10
45
1000
351
10
4351
1000
22
= 2, 2
10
45
= 0, 045
1000
8
100
702
10000
351
= 35,1
10
4351
= 4,351
1000
8
= 0, 08
100
702
= 0, 0702
10000
:
. 4,9
. 72,4
. 103,23
.5,703
. 4,9 =
49
10
. 5, 703 =
5703
1000
302
100
. 0,72
302
= 3, 02
100
. 0,0006
. 72, 4 =
724
10
. 103, 23 =
. 0, 72 =
72
100
. 0, 0006 =
10323
100
6
10000
:
.
48
5
19
4
49
5
50
8
49
= 9,8
5
78
8
48
= 9, 6
5
19
= 4, 75
4
50
= 6, 25
8
78
= 9, 75
8
- - - T
172.
:
.
.
.
12
7
43
12
12

7
1,7
1,71
1,714
( )
( )
( )
43

12
3,5
3,58
3,583
( )
( )
( )
123

19
6,4
6,47
6,473
( )
( )
( )
123
19
N
.
A=
2 1 7 1 1 7
: + : + :
5 3 4 2 3 3
A=
2 1 7 1 1 7
: + : + :
5 3 4 2 3 3
23 72 13
A= + +
51 41 37
A=
6 14 1
+ +
5 4 7
A = 1, 2 + 3,5 + 0,14
A = 4,84
- - - T
173.
13.
.
21
10
341
10000
351
100
751
1000
42
1000
38
100
8
1000
32
100000
14. .
. 6,5
. 73,21
. 0,183
. 7,61
. 0,0191
. 3,006
15. .
.
23
5
11
2
170
25
9
4
5
8
61
50
16. , :
.
6
9
135
8
431
42
75
31
17. .
.
15 23 1 17
: :
8 7 19 4
7
1
+ 1,16
50
4
5
5
5
+
+
1000 100 10
18. ( )
.
- - - T
174.
. 8 : 6
. 85 : 3
. 11: 4
. 125 :13
7
4
. 44 :102
8 3
:
4 5
19. :
.
42
75
,
135 180
2 47
. 6 ,
5
3
25
49
,
300 400
. 4
29
1
, 3
8
6
1
3
, 4
12
17
4
41
,
100 1000
20. .
.
2
11
8
15
2
7
6
19
- - - T
175.
1
;
2
, ;
1

10 100.
.
1
2
2
5
6
10
13
25
2
.
.
7
3
6
7
2
3
11
4
3
.
.
3
10
8
10
12
25
4
7
21
20
32
50
- - - T
14
;
( )

, 100
.
: %
.
, , ,
.. ( ),...
.
, :
3
= 0, 75 75%
4
% ( ), ,
..
.
100

o/oo
1000
178.
(%) .
1
2
3
5
20
50
1
= 1: 2 = 0,5 50%
2
20
= 20 : 50 = 0, 4 40%
50
425
= 0, 2125 21, 25%
2000
4
100
3
= 3 : 5 = 0, 6 60%
5
4
= 0, 04 4%
100
:
. 10% . 8%
. 125%
. 75%
. 10%
10
1
=
100 10
. 8%
425
2000
. 405%
8
4
=
100 25
7,5 7,510
75
3
=
=
=
100 10010 1000 40
85
17
. 85 o/oo
=
1000 40
. 75%
. 85%
. 125%
125 5
=
100 4
. 405%
405 81
=
100 4
:
. 21% 50
. 10% 25
o
. 20% 1
. 12 /oo 3000
21
2150 1050
50 =
=
= 10,5
100
100
100
10
1025 250
=
= 2,5
25 =
100
100
100
- -
179.
. 12 3000 = 123000 = 36000 = 36

1000
1000
1000
20
1200
60 =
= 12 min
100
100
530 10% . .
10% 530
10
10530 5300
530 =
=
= 53 .
100
100
100
52% .
400 , ;
52% 400 52 400 = 20800 = 208 .

100
100
. 135.000m3. A
18% m3 .
18 % 135000 , :
18 135.00018 2.430.000
135.000
=
=
= 24.300m 3
100
100
100
: (135.000 + 24.300 ) m3 = 159.300 m3 .

3500 2900 . %
;
: 2900 = 0,828 82,8%

3500
25.000 . 530
470. % ;
: 530
: 530 470 = 60 .
: 470
60
:
= 0, 0024 0, 24%
25.000
- -
180.
200.000t 165.000t .
.
: 200.000

:
165.000
165.000
= 0,825 82,5%
200.000
82,5%
500 425 .
% ;
: 500
500 425 = 75
: 425
75
= 0,15 15%
500
500 425 .
% ;
: 500
500 425 = 75
: 425
75
= 0,15 15%
500
500 425 .
% ;
: 500
500 425 = 75
: 425
75
= 0,15 15%
500
- -
181.
12% . 300 ;
x . 12%
(100 12 ) % = 88% . :
88
x
= 300
100
x = 300 :
88
100
100
x = 300
88
x=
30.000
88
x = 340,9
340,9 .
- -
182.
1. :
.
.
2
10
15
8
5
10
30
600
71
50
495
1000
3
4
2. ( o/oo ) :
.
1
3
8
15
. 75
32
48
105
30
450
1, 2
3,5
3. ( %) :
.
1, 7
8
1,5
4,5
7,13
12,85
43
108, 4
4. :
. 5%
. 13%
. 48, 7%
. 170%
. 22%
. 405%
. 12, 5%
5. :
o
. 51 /oo
. 432 /oo
6. :
. 12% 350
. 14,7% 147
. 8,5%
. 13 o/oo 500
. 351% 702
. 13,85%
. 49,5 /oo
. 1,5% 30
- -
183.
7. :
. 19% m ( cm)
. 25% ( m2)
. 40% 5km ( dm)
. 30% ( cm3)
. 60% 300 ( gr)
8. 400 52 ...
250 32 .
;
9. 72 14 .
.
10.
72%
. 4000t
;
11. 150 .
10%. ;
12. 12,6t 13,9t.

;
13. 50 . 12
30% . ;
14. 30000 .
12000 , 9500
5000 . .
15. 430 230 ,

280 25% .
.
- -
184.
, , ;
- -
185.
16. 1200 .., ... .
E ...
400
...
550
(%)
1200
:
.
.
100
17. 80 . 22 , 35
.
.
18. 1000 ,
50%,
30%, 20%. .
19. 800 . 25% ,

35% .
.
. .
20.
4000 55%
, 30% .
. .
. .
- -
186.

1250. ... 18%. .
18 125018 22500
... : 1250
=
=
= 225
100
100
100
: 1250 + 225 = 1475

1.121. ...
950. ...
... : 1121 950 = 171

:
171
= 0,18 18%
950
820.
... 18% ;
... /
/
18
.
100
118
. :
100
118
118
x , : x
= 820 x = 820 :
100
100
100 82000
x = 820
=
= 649,9
118
118
- -
187.
120 20%.
;
20 2400
: 120
=
= 24
100
00
: 120 24 = 96
35 15% 30.
;
15 525
=
= 5, 25
35
100 10
: 35 5, 25 = 29, 75
.
14.300. 10%
8% . ;
10
= 1430
: 13400
100
: 14300 + 1430 = 15730

: 15730 + 1258, 4 = 16988, 4
4050 3,5% .
; ( + ).
3,5 14175
: 4050
=
= 141, 75
100
100
+ , 4050 + 141, 75 = 4.191, 75 .

10.800 3%.
25% .
.
3
32400
1 : 10.800
=
= 324 1
100
100
- -
188.
10.800 + 324 = 11.124

25 278.100
25% 11.124
=
= 2.781
100
100
11.124 2781 = 8343

400 20%.
;
20% 80%
80
= 400
. x : x
100
x = 400 :
80
100 40000
= 400
=
= 500
100
80
80
500.
2.300 1
2470. ;
2470 2300 = 170 .

:
170
= 0, 073 7,3%.
2300
- -
189.
21. ...
. 1000
. 1800
18%
. 5.000
22. ... 18% :

. 1400
. 3500
.
. 8900
23. 650.
... 8%.
;
24. ... :
. 780 (kw) 0,35
. 300 (kw) 0,68
. (.., ) 11
. ... 18%
;
25. 3.400. 10%.

12%.
;
26. 6%.
14% 480. :
.
.
.
- -
190.
27. 120.000. 40% 9%.

0,5%
, ;
28. 7,2.
20% ;
29. 1080
15%. ;
30.
3.500.
1500 .
1 1 4% 2 3 8%.
;
- -
191.
1
;
2
;
1
620 . 290 .
.
2
(%) :
.
25
100
4
10
351
1000
4
8
72
360
85
100
3
3%.
61 , ;
4
3500 4%.
10% 1 ;
- -
15: -
16: -
-
-
15
;
; ;

.
5 7
5

7
: 5 : 7
. 2 4 1
10
= ,
=
.
3 6 10 100
/
/
.

, .
, :

. :

( 0 & 0 )
196.
1. .
2.
(x, y)

.
. (
).

x.
x.
.
o y x.
1,5 1 0,5 1 4 1 14 1
= ,
= ,
= ,
=
7,5 5 2,5 5 20 5 70 5
x 1
y 5
y = 5 = .
x 1
y x y = 5x .
:
197.
13%.
250.
- , x :
100 250
25013
=
100x = 25013 x =
x = 32,5 .
13
x
100
( 250 32,5) = 217,5
4
3,5 .
5
.
- ( )
x , :
4
1
1
3,5
3,5
5 = 5 4 x = 1 3,5
x= 5
=
= 0,875 .
4
3,5 x
5
5
4
5
8
2000 250 .
20 .
- . x
:
8
20
=
8x = 40.000
2000 x
40.000
= 5.000 .
8
5.000250. = 125.000 .
x=
(1.250.000 :1.000 ) = 1250

21 28 . 360
;
- ,
x 360
:
21
x
21360
=
28x = 21360 x =
x = 270 .
28 360
28
198.
(% )
1,20 1,80.
- .
1,20 1,80
(1,80 1, 20 )
= 0, 60 . :
1,20 0,60
100 x
1000, 60
60
1, 20 0, 60
1, 20x = 1000, 60 x =
=
= 50%
=
1, 20
1, 20
100
x
2 , 1 3
16 1000 .
1 1 , 30 ;
- .
(1 + 3 + 1) = 5 , 16 :
165 = 80 1000 . 2
(5 + 2 ) = 7 , 30
307 = 210 . x :
2101000 210000
80 1000
=
=
80x = 2101000 x =
= 2625 .
80
80
210
x
199.
1. . , y x. (x, y) . ;
2. 5kg 8,5 17kg

. 289;
3.
22%.
500.
4. 6 352 .
25% . ;
;
5. 46.
. 2 ;
. 9660;
6. 40%
. 17,5, ;
7. 16 4000
250 .
24 ;
200.
8. 1,5 , 1 2,5
12 300 .
1,5
, 0,9, 25 ;
9.
0,75 0,92 .
2
4,2 .
3
3 0,8.
10.
201.
1

= = ( )
. .
. ;
. 3 6
5 10.
2
.
.
. x, y :
10
10
10
102
10
10
10
10
10
x, y
x
.
y
. x
y = 0 .
1
, 20gr 1Kg .
, 2,5Kg ;
202.
2

x, y.
x
1,5
2,5
3,5
3
20%. 25
.
16
;
;

x, y, ;

,

.
1

=

. < 1
> 1
204.
x, y,
, , :

= =
x y
+ + =
++
= = =
=
x y x+y+ x+y+
1:100.000.
50m.
x cm
x
1
x
1
=
=
x100.000 = 5.000.000
50Km 100.000
501000100cm 100000
x=
5.000.000
= 50 . 50 cm.
100.000
1:500.000.
24cm.
x cm :
24
1
=
x = 24.500.000
x 500.000
x = 12000000 cm
x = (1200000 :100000 ) m
x = 120Km
- -
205.
85m
20cm.
: =
20cm
20
1
=
=
851000100cm 8500000 425000
48m 22m.

1cm 10m .
: =
1cm
1
.
=
10m 1000
x y cm :
x
1
48m 4800cm
x=
=
=
= 4,8cm .
48m 1000
1000
1000
y
1
22m 2200cm
y=
=
=
= 2, 2cm .
22m 1000
1000
1000
7, 9, 14 960 .
.
x, y, x + y + = 960 :
x y x + y + 960
= =
=
=
= 32 .
7 9 14
30
30
y
x
= 32 y = 329 = 228
= 32 x = 327 = 224 ,
9
7
= 32 = 3214 = 448
14
6000, 9000
5000. 70.000
.
x, y, , , x + y + = 70000 . :
- -
206.
x
y
x + y + 70000
=
=
=
=
= 3,5
6000 9000 5000
20000
20000
x
= 3,5 x = 3,56000 = 21000
6000
y
= 3,5 x = 3,59000 = 31000
9000
= 3,5 x = 3,55000 = 17600

5000
3800 5, 6, 8.
x , y ,
:
x y x + y + 3800
= = =
=
= 200 .
5 6 8
19
19
x
= 200 y = 1200
= 200 = 1600 .
= 200 x = 1000 ,
6
8
5
6 : 19 .
12Kg .
x, y 12Kg x + y = 12 :
x y x + y 12
=
=
=
= 0, 48
6 19
25
25
x
= 0, 48 x = 0, 486 = 2,88Kg .
6
y
= 0, 48 y = 0, 4819 = 9,12Kg .
19
3680.
2

5
2
.
7
.
2
3
2
5
x y : x x = x y y = y .
5
5
7
7
- -
207.
x 25
3
5
x= y =
y 21
5
7
x
y 3680
=
=
= 80 .: x = 80 x = 2580 = 2000
25 21
46
25
y
= 80 y = 2180 = 1680 .
21
1. 20, 30 50.
2600. ;
2. 3240.
20%

. 15 12 18 .
;
3. 65.600
4.
1 3 4
, , . .
2 4 5
8960 .

3

5
5. 1320 . -
- -
208.
55 65
.
6. 4 5.
4Kgr .
5
8
.
130000 .
7. ,, 16000, 24000
8. 9000
2, 2 2 , 23 , 24 . ;
- -
209.
1
. ;
.
( 0 ) ;
7
;
3
. ;
2
x
y
z
=
=
.
10 10 2 103
10, 102, 103,

. x, y, z .
. = 110 x, y, z.
1
40cm.
15%;
2
. 7cm.
35Km. ;
.
1: 500;
cm
A1cm
3
B
2,5cm
2cm
E
2cm
3600 3, 5 10.
- -
17: -
18: -
- -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19: - -
-
-
17
;
.

;
6
8
12
214.
; N
.

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.
;
.

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.

215.
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.
;

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.

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.

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` . . `.
.
.
216.

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3cm
3cm.

1,5cm
.
1,5 cm
1. 6 8 12
2.
3.
4. ,
.
5.
6.
7.
.
217.
10 .
;
.

.
30 10 .
; ;

.

.10x30 = 300
. ,
;
( )
6 8 12 .
12 16 24 .
.
. ; .
218.
.
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, ,
, , .

: , , , , ,
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.
A
B
: ,, ,
.
E
H
219.
1. ;
2. , ;
3.
4.
5. 8cm.
.
6.
:
.
7.
10cm
.
8. ;
9.
.

220.
1
;
;
;
2
.
;
;
1

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2
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cm
8cm;
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.
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222.

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;
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1
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()
B
- - - - - - -
-
223.
.
.
()
1
2
1 , 2
;

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.
1.
.
2.

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3. .
4.

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5.
.
- - - - - - -
-
224.

A

.
, ,
M
.
.
.
B
.

.

.
- - - - - - -
-
225.
5cm
5cm.

. 5cm
5cm
:
o
5cm.
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5 cm.
.
.
.

.

.
2,2 cm.
2,2cm
.
6
5
1 2 3 4
.
5 6 1
2
3
.
4

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; .
- - - - - - -
-
226.
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.

()
.

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. .
. .

2 3
.
1.
1

2
3 .
.

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- - - - - - -
-
227.
1.
.
2. () .

. ; ;
3.
4. 100m.

.

.
1
2
3
4
5
5. () . () .
6.

. ;
.
- - - - - - -
-
228.
7. ;
8.
. . ;
9. .
. ;
- - - - - - -
-
229.
1
;
;
2
;
1
.
.
2

.
B
A
3
:
.
;
.
;

Z
E
H
,
.
- - - - - - -
-
19

,

.

.

.

. .
;
:
1. ( )

.
2. ( )

.
3. ( )

.
232.
;

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;

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;
(,). (), .
() (,).
() E

; ;
=
A
.

:
1.

.
2.

.

.
1. .
2.
.
3. - . . . .
4.
.
. .
- - -
233.
1,5 cm (,5).
;
1,5cm

1,5 cm
. .
.
3 cm.
1cm 1,5cm.
1,5cm
1cm
O

.
1cm
1,5cm. .

1,5 cm.
1,5cm
1,5cm.

.
5cm.
3cm
4cm.
- - -
234.
, 3cm
4cm . :
.
2cm
. ;
.
1 cm (
2 cm). . 1 2
. 1 2 (
) .
.
CD;
cd ( ) .
:
, .
.
.
,
, .

.
- - -
235.
(), (
) .

, .
.
.
.
B
1 2.
1 ( ). 2
.

()
. , ()
2 . .
- - -
236.
1. () ().
2. 4,7cm.
3.
6 cm 8cm.
4.
.
- - -
5.
237.
= 13cm.
(,4cm) (,7cm). ;
6. .
;
7. .
.
.
8.
. .
;
9.

.
.
10. CD .
- - -
238.
1
;
;
2
;
1
:
. 4cm.
. 4cm.
. 4cm.
. 3cm 5cm.
2
(,2)
. 4,1 cm;
.
3
(,) .
. .
.
.

.
- - -
20: -
-
-
-
-
-
-
21: -

-
20
-
-

;

, .

.

,
.
O
y
x
O
y
x
O
y
:
. ,
yOx
. .. xOy
. . ..
. ,
. ..

. .. .
242.
(
)
.

.
,
.
.

.
,

.
,

.
:
.
, :

. AOB
AOB
,
:
<
, :
>
- - - - - -
243.
;
:
. ,
. ,
.
. ,
, .
. , .
.
;
.
60 (60).
60 (60).
: 1 = 60 = 3600,1' = 60"
;
. : . 900. .
. : .
00 900.
. : . 1800.
.
. : .
900 1800.
. :
. 3600.
.
- - - - - -
244.
;
.
;

. z
:
xOy
= zOy
= xOy
xOz
2
:
z xOy
0
= zOy
= xOy = 90 = 450
xOz
2
2
;
;
, -

yOz
, .. xOy
, Oy xOy
. xOz
, x
.
xOy
.
yOz

xOy
. : xOz
= 500 + 300 = 800
xOz
- - - - - -
245.
. ;
500,
900, 1200;
. ;
300;
. 1800
.
yOz
xOz
.
xOz
yOz
50 0
1800 500 = 1300 , 900

.
1800

1800 .
1800 900 = 900 1200 1800 1200 = 600 .

. 900 .
zOy
xOz
. xOz
, zOy
300 900 300 = 600 .
.
900

;
;

.
.
.
- - - - - -
246.
AOB
,
i. xOy
,
Oz
ii. xOz
BO

iii. yOz
:
. .
. .
. .
(
( )
)
.
(
).
.
(
).
.
:
1

3
2
1
.
5
4
:
.
1
1 0
0
: 90 = 30
3
3
1
1
: 1800 = 450
4
4

2
: 2 900 = 360
5
5
- - - - - -
247.
3300.

1800. 3300 1800,
: 3300 3600,
3600 3300 = 300 , 300,
. x y
xOy
3600, 300 3300.
:
A
. A
= 700 .
A

700
=
= 350 .
2
2
350.
.
350 A
= 500 ,
= 700 = 5cm .

5cm .
= 500 .
= 700 , BAy
ABx
y x ,
= 500 .
= 2cm , A = 3cm A
= 500 . x
xAy
3cm Ay
2cm.
.
- - - - - -
248.
300
150
900
90
30
150

,
,
.
200.
= 200 .
xOy

z y. xOz
1800 200 = 1600 .

xOy
200.
= 200 .
xOy

z y . xOz
0
0
0
90 20 = 70 .
xOy
- - - - - -
249.
. 200
, .
x x 200 . ,
1800. :
x + x 200 = 1800
2x 200 = 1800
2x = 1800 + 200
2x = 2000
x = 1000
1000 1000 200 = 800 .
. ,
.
x , 2x .
1800. :
x + 2x = 1800
3x = 1800
x = 1800 : 3
x = 600
60 2600 = 1200
0

,
,
.
= 400 400.
= 350 350.

1800, :
400 ,
+ = 1800
400 +
400 + 350 + = 1800
750 + = 1800
= 1800 750
- - - - - -
250.
= 1050
= 1050 .
. z;
= 800 800.
500 ,
800,
1800.
+ 500 = 1800
800 +
+ 1300 = 1800
= 1800 1300
= 500
500 . z

.
xKy
- - - - - -
251.
1. .
2. , :
.
. .
. .
3. :
. =
1

10
5
. =
3
. = 3 .
4. = 90o , = 3cm
5. = 40o , = 60o
= 4cm .
= 4cm .
6. :
- - - - - -
252.
7.
. ,
.
8. . 100 ,
.
9. .
200, .
10. . , .
11. . 200
, .
12.
.
13.
.
z xOy
.
14.
- - - - - -
253.
15.
16.
17.
x , .
x ,

18. ,
- - - - - -
254.
1
. ;
. ,

3cm. ;
2
. ; 72.
. ;
28. ;
y x .
. ,
2
z
xy , y xy ,
= 60o . zOy
. xOy
xy
.
xy
x
z
60
3

30, .
x
0
- - - - - -
21
1 2
.
,
,
,
,

,
,,
.

.
. :
()
.
.

: , ,
. , :
()
,
( ) .
256.
, .
, :
.
, , ,
, ,
,
. :
()
( ) .
.

: , , ,
, -
,

,
.

.

, .
;
= 500 = 600 .
A
;
1800.
+ + = 1800 500 + 600 + = 1800

500
60
1100 + = 1800 = 1800 1100 = 700

;

:
257.
. .
.
B
. . .
B
B
. . .
;
;
;

,
1800.
, 1800.
90 0, 180 0.
900,
900, 1800.
A
0
60
60
600
;
;
,
1800, :
450
1800 : 3 = 600 .

1800.
0
45
1800 900 = 900 .

, .
900 : 2 = 450 .
-
258.
1 2 , .
:
. .
. , .
. .
: z , ,
.
: x , y , z , ,
.
z ,
: ,
1 2
. = 550
.
= 550 .
= 1800 550 = 1250 .
= 1250 .
= 550 1 2
.
0
= 125
1
= 550 , 1 2
.
0
= 125 , 1 2
.
259.
= 400 .
=
= .

+
+ = 1800
:
0
0
+
= 180
40 +
0
40 + 2 = 1800
= 1800 400
2
= 1400
2
= 1400 : 2
= 700 = 700
= 300
.

. ;

= 2x .
x
+
+ = 1800

300 + 2x + x = 1800
300 + 3x = 1800
3x = 1800 300
3x = 1500
x = 1500 : 3
x = 500
= 2500 = 1000 .
= 500
.

.
= ,
. ;
x,

x
2x.
A
+
+ = 1800
2x + x + x = 1800
4x = 1800
-
260.
x = 1800 : 4
x = 450
= 2450 = 900 .
= 450 , = 450

.
= 600 .

.
=
= 250 .
,

=
= 2250 = 500 .

+
+ = 1800

600 + 500 + = 1800
1100 + = 1800
= 1800 1100 , = 700 .
.
1 2 .

= 700
1
2
3. :
+ + = 1800
+ 700 + 600 = 1800
+ 1300 = 1800
= 1800 1300
= 500

= 1800 500 = 1300
1 2 , 3, 4.
.
,
,
= 500 500 = 600

600 1 2 4.
261.
:
+ + = 1800
+ 500 + 600 = 1800

+ 1100 = 1800
= 1800 1100 .
= 700
1 ,2 3 .
.
AB
= 500 1300
2 3 .
1100 ( 1 2
= 1100 .
)
= +
:
: AB
= 1100 + 500
= 1600

.

. ;
1.
.
. ;
2. = 300
262.
3. =
. ;
4.
2

3
. .
5.
x .
6. 1 2 .
.
7. . .
8.
1 // 2 // 3 .
9. 1 // 2 // .
, .

10.
= , .
11.
, , // // . .
12. .
.
13.
= , 1 2 .
.
263.
264.
1
. .
.
. .
2
1 2 3.
. ,
.
.
.
.
;
.
.
;
1
1 // 2 // .
= 40 ,
.
.
265.
1 // 2 // .
.
.
;
1
2
3
1 // 2 .
= ,
22: -
-
-
-
-
23: -
-
-
22
;
;
, o

,
.

.
,
;
,

.
. , . ,
.

;

.
270.
;

.
;
;
,
. .
.
;

.
; ;

.
'
.

.
;

.
- - - -
271.
;

.
;
:
. .
. .
. .
. .
;
()
:
. .
. .
. .
1) ( .
)
( )
2) ,
, .
- - - -
272.
, = , =
= .

= .
.

.

.
: :
K = , = =
( )
:
. = 3cm, = 5cm = 6cm
. = 3cm, = 10cm = 6cm.
. = 5cm. M
3 cm .
6cm .

)
. = 10cm. M 3 cm
. 6cm
.
- - - -
273.
,
< + , < + < +
.
( = ) . :
. T
= ( .
)
.
.
. =
() = ( ) =
( ).

.
=
.
=

= ,

1
2
1
2
=
. A i)
=

.
. i)
1
2
=
,
+
= 1800
. i)
1
2
1
2
=
= 900 ,
1
2
.
. xAy
.
xAy
.
1) xAy

(,) x, Ay xAy
B, .
2) Kx. (
(,))
x .
3) =
- - - -
274.
(,).

4) .
.
xAy
.
= = , = =
= =
.
=
=
xAy
. .
xAy
.
1) xAy
2) (,)
,
Ax, Ay xAy
.
3) ,
(,) (,)
.
4) ,
.
.
= = , = =

. , ,
.
=
. xAy
B x

= ,
= , =
.
= (. 4)
xBy
Bx . = y
. = . .
=
= , = B
- - - -
275.
:
. ,
= 600
.
. = 300
. = .
A
(,).

(,).

.
600
30
.

. .
0
= 600
600
= 600 .

. = 300
= 600 (. 5).
, = 6cm,
= 650 .
= 4cm
= 650 x xAy
= 6cm Ay
= 4cm. y x, .

( ) = 650 . = 6cm, = 4cm A
.
.
- - - -
276.
= = 350
= 350 .
1 =
2
1
1
,

=
+
= 350 + 350 = 700 . =
1
2
= 700 . H
=

= = 1100
, = 1100
( ).
. ,
. ;

xAy
x Ay .
Ay
Ax
.
(/
). ,

=
, .
xAy. Ax . .
y . = .
x y

.
( /)
. ,
.
- - - -
277.
= 5cm, = 12cm
= 6cm.
1, 2 6cm. 1 . = 5cm 2 . = 12cm.

= 12cm = 5cm
= 6cm .
- - - -
278.
1. :
. = 5cm, = 8cm = 9cm.
. = 8cm, = 20cm = 10cm.
2. = 4cm, = 5cm, = 3cm

. ;
3. = 4cm . , ;
4. = 3cm = = 8cm.
5.
. ,
. ;
6. (,). , (,). :
. .

.
.
7. =
.
8. :
- - - -
279.
9. .
. ;
10. = 5 cm
= = 9 cm. .
11. = 4 cm .
.
12. . :
1
1
=
. z = . =
. xAy
4
2
13. ,
= 5cm,
= 600 . .
= 3cm
14. .
= 3cm, = 5cm = 4cm.
.
= 4cm, = 6cm = 5cm = 600
15.
= = 900 )
(
= 3cm, = 5cm = 4 cm
16. = 8cm,
= = 600 = = 4 cm.

.
. ,
. . ;
17. = 7cm = 5cm.

, . ;
18. =10cm = 500 .
- - - -
280.
19. = 8cm = 600
. ;
20.
44cm
11cm. .
A
21.
70
400
22. N (,) .
, , .
- - - -
281.
1
. ;
. ;
. , ;
2
. o ;
. ;
1
64
.
2
= 7cm,
= 600 . .
A = 4cm
3
= 4cm, = 10cm
= 5cm.
- - - -
;

, :
1
=
2
A
;

.
;
, :
=
( + )
2
284.
N ,
:
. = 3,2 m = 2,2m
. = 5 cm = 60 mm
. =
3, 22, 2
= 3,52m 2
2
. = 5cm = 60mm = 6cm
=
ABA 56
=
= 15cm 2
2
2
64 cm2 40mm. .
= 64 cm2 = 40mm = 4cm :
1
=
2
1
64 = 4
2
4
64 =
2
64 = 2
= 64 : 2
= 32cm
- -
285.
800mm2. A AB = A = 5cm = 8cm

.
E = 800mm2 = 8cm2, AB = A = 5cm, = 8cm
2
8
8=
2
8 = 4
= 8 : 24
B = 2cm
=
2
5
8=
2
8 = 2,5
= 8 : 2,5
= 3, 2cm
A = 3, 2cm
=
= 0,6m, = 10dm = 24dm2. N :

. .
. .

= 24dm2 = 0,6m = 6dm. :
2
6
24 =
2
24 = 3
= 24 : 3
=
= 8
2
10
24 =
2
24 = 5
= 24 : 5
= 4,8
=
= 5,8 = 32mm.
= 5,8cm = 58mm = 32mm . = . = 58mm.32mm = 1856mm2

. 6cm 8cm.
4 cm, .
- -
286.
= 2.6 + 2.8 = 12 + 16 = 28m E = 6.8 = 48cm2

.

= = 28
= = 48 :
. = 2x + 24
28 = 2x + 8
28 8 = 2x
2x = 20
x = 20 : 2
x = 10
. = 41
= x1
48 = 41
48 = 102
1 = 48 : 4
48 :10 = 2
1 = 12
2 = 4,8
= 5cm ,
125mm. cm
= 5cm
= = 5cm5cm = 25cm2

:
E . = E .
25 = 12,5
= 25 :12,5
= 2cm
:
. = 12,4cm , = 7,6cm = 32cm2.
. = 66mm, = 3,4cm = 10,5cm2.
- -
287.
2
12, 4 + 7, 6
32 =
2
32 = 10
= 32 :10
= 3, 2
. =
A 7,6cm B
E = 32cm
. B = 66mm = 6,6cm
12,4cm
K 3,4cm
2
6, 6 + 3, 4
10,5 =
2
10,5 = 5
= 10,5 : 5
= 2,1
=
E = 10,5cm
N
66mm = 6,6cm
H .
2,5cm 75 cm2.
.
x ,

= 5x = 2,5cm, = 75cm2
+
2
5x + x
75 =
2,5
2
6x
75 = 2,5
2
75 = 3x2,5
75 = 7,5x
x = 75 : 7,5
x = 10
=
- -
288.
1. x :
2. x :
2cm
A
x
4cm
5cm
3cm
E = 4cm2
3cm
5cm
6cm
8cm
x
y
E=;
- -
E = 20cm
2cm
E=;
6cm
E = 45cm
5cm
4cm
289.
3. x :
7cm
13cm
4. 50cm2

( = 7, = 13).
5. x,y.
- -
290.
6. ,
14 m :
. x
. .
. y.
A
2cm
5cm
7. x, y, z
.
4cm
3cm
2cm
6cm x
9cm
8. 24cm2. A 3cm, .
9. A
16 cm2, .
10. = 48 cm2 80mm.
11.
30mm 4cm 5cm.

.
- -
291.
12. O 4cm = 12cm.

= 120cm2, .
13. 28 cm2 24cm.

7cm .
14.
.
2,2cm 44 cm2, .
15.
28cm 24cm2.
8 cm .
16. ( = 5cm = 12cm

= 4,6cm.
.
17. ( = 12cm). 96cm2,

.
18. 18dm2 300mm.
19. .
12,5cm 4cm, ,
.
20.
A
50cm2, .
21. 120cm 20cm.

240cm2, .
- -
292.
22.
= 50m, = 10m, = 7m = 5m.
23.
18m 5,196m.
.
24.
,
10,56m 4,96m, 0,3m.
, ;
25. . 1,85m 1,15m
5 . ,
30;
26. 81,875m2.
12,5m , ;
- -
293.
1

.
2
. ;
. ;
1
35cm
8cm , 10cm.
2
, 5cm,
26cm 20cm2.
3
,
6cm, 8cm 10cm.
- -
24: -
-

-
-
-
-
25: -
-
24
;
,
, .
(+), .
, ,
.
().
;
,
, () .
;

:
= {..., 3, 2, 1, 0, +1, +2, +3, ...}.
*
,
* :
* = {..., 3, 2, 1, +1, +2, +3, ...}.
;
; Q*
298.

, .
Q.
M Q* ( : Q )
, .

;

.

.
;

.

||.
;

.
;
.

;

.
- -
- - -
299.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
N :
. 300 .
. 2500 .
. 2350 .
. 1850 .
. 333 ..
. 35 ..
- -
- - -
300.
. 4 0C.
. 3 0C.
. 35 0C .
. 1,5%.
. +300
. 2500
. -1850
. 333
. 4 0C
. +3 0C
. +35 0C
. +1,5%
. +2350
. +35
+200, 330, 1000, +550, 0, +2004:

. .
. .
:
. 200 , 330
, 1000 , 550
, , 2004
.
. 200. , 330. , 1000., 550. , (0)
, 2004 .. .
;
3
2
+8, 3,5, +0,33, 0, 0,001, + , - 5
5
7
+8, +0,33, +
3
5
3,5, 0,001, 5
2
7
.
9 0C, +15 0C. x , x.
- -
- - -
301.
x 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, +1, +2, +3,

+4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9, +10, +11, +12, +13, +14, +15
1
2
N 5, +9, 8, 3,1 +2,5, 3 , + 2 .
5
3
-9
-7 -6
2,5 +3
3,1
-5
-8
-4
-3 -2 -1
-3, 1
1
5
4
9
5
2
3
, , , , .
= +6
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4
A = +0,5
= 2
-3 -2 -1 0
Z
2 3
E
7 8
B = +2,5
8, 4 3,3 6,5 1,9 7,8 2, 7

(2,5), (-4,2), (-4,-3), (7,-3).
,,,.
- -
- - -
302.
3 2
1
3
3, 2, +5, 9, 0, 1,3 , +0.5, - , + , 3 , + 5
5 7
2
8
|3| = 3,
|+0,5| = 0,5 ,
|2| = 2,
3 3
= ,
5 5
|+5| = 5,
2 2
= ,
7 7
|9| = 9,
1
1
=3 ,
2
2
|0| = 0, |1,3| = 1,3 ,
+5
3
3
=5 .
8
8
:
. 3
. 4,2 . 0
. 5
. 3 3 -3
. 4,2 4,2 -4,2
. 0 0
. -5
.
:
. 5.
. 6.
5 :
4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, +2, +3, +4.
6 :
6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6.
5.
5 . :
8, 9,2, +7,3, +12,1, 10, 12,1
:
. |-3| + |-9| - |2|,
. |-1| + |-8| + |+3| - |-5|,
. |-13,1| + |-5,9| - |-3| + |+3|.
. |3| = 3, |9| = 9 |2| = 2 |3| + |9| |2| = 3 + 9 2 = 12 2 = 10

. |1| = 1, |8| = 8, |+3| = 3, |5| = 5 :
- -
- - -
303.
|1| + |8| + |+3| |5| = 1 + 8 + 3 5 = 9 + 3 5 = 12 5 = 7

. |13,1| = 13,1 |5,9| = 5,9, |3| = 3 |+3| = 3 :
|13,1| + |5,9| |3| + |+3| = 13,1 + 5,9 3 + 3 = 19 3 + 3 = 19
.
. 2.32 5,
. 3.52 5.2
. |2.32 5| + |3.52 5.2|
. 2.32 5 = 2.9 5 = 18 5 = 13
. 3.52 5.2 = 3.25 10 = 75 10 = 65
. . . : |2.32 5| + |3.52 5.2| = |13| + |65| = 13 + 65 = 78
:
. 8, 13
. +10, 20 . +30, 0, 13
. 8, 13 |8| = 8, |13| = 13 8 < 13 13 < 8.

. 10 20 (
) 20 < +10.
.
13 < 0 < +30.
: 8, +0,08, 5,
+7, 3,3, +4,8, 0,2, +0,2, 0,3
8, 5, 3,3, 0,2, 0,3

8 < 5 <3,3 < 0,3 < 0,2.
+0,08, +10, +7, +4,8, +0,2, +0,08
: +0,08 < +0,2 < +4,8 < +7
: 8 < 5 < 3,3 < 0,3 < 0,2 < +0,08 < +0,2 < +4,8 < +7
.
3,3
0,3 0,2
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
4,8
5
7
7 8
9
9
0,2 0,08
- -
- - -
304.
:
. -6 -3.
. -3,2 -3,1.
. 5,5, 5, 4,5, 4, 3,5 3,8

:
6 < 5 < 4,5 < 4 < 3,8 < 3,5 < 3
. 3, 18, 3,17, 3,15, 3,13 3,12
:
3,2 < 3,18 < 3,17 < 3,15 < 3,13 < 3,12 < 3,1
:
. 20 12
. 5,5 4,5
. 5 4,8
. 0, 1,3
:
. 20 < 12
. 5,5 < 4,5
. 4,8 < 5
. 1,3 < 0
. 2,5 0,1
. 20004 2004
. 2,5 < 0,1

. 20004 < 2004
(...) <, =, >

.
. 7 .....10
. 8......|8|
. 8......3
. 9......|(9)|
. 10......20
. -13......|13|
. 3......|3|
. -0,1......|0,1|
. 7 > 10
. 8 < 3
. 10 > 20
. 3 = |3|
. 8 = |8| ( |8| = 8)
. 9 = |(9)|
|(9)| = |9| = 9
. 13 = |13|
( 13 = 13)
. 0,1 < 0,1
( 0,1 = 0,1)
- -
- - -
305.
1.
3000 ,
5000 , 30.000 , 5 0C, 3 0C,
10cm, 500..
2. +2, 3, +5, 7, 11
.
3.
3, +9, 8,2, +3, 5,
1
,
2
4.
:
. +3
5.
20, 0,
2
5
9, +5, +2, -3 , +9 , +3, 5,6, +7,1

. 2.
1
2
2
3, +2,2, 5,2, 7, +2, 9, 5 , + 7 , 9
3
5
7
6.
(4,5), (2,1) (7,1).

.
7. .
- -
- - -
306.
8. :
2
12
1
1
8, 14, 32, 1,32, +7,2 , , + , 2 , +2
3
5
5
9
9. :
. 8
. 5,1
. 0
. 7
10. :
. 4.
. 4.
. .
. .
11.
3.
12.
8.
13. :
. |5| + |4| |2|,
. |3| + |7| + |2| |5|,
. |1,12| + |4,88| |4| + |+4|.
14. :
.
3
1
1
1
+ +2 3 +
2
5
10
4
. 0,5 + +3, 2 2
. 0,5 + +3
3
1
1
2 +
4
2
3
1
1
+
4
2
- -
- - -
307.
15. .
. 3.22 5.2,
. 5.42 3.52
16. x
. |x| = 2,
. |x| = 3,
. | 3.22 5.2 | + |5.42 3.52|
. |x| = 4
. |x| = 0,3
. |x| =
1
2
17. :
2
2
1
2
+3,2 , 4,8, +8,2, 5, 9, +7, , 3 , + , 3
7
5
7
3
18. ,
.
30 , .
19. :
. 8 15
. 30 2
. 32 20
. 5,1 -5,01
. 22 0
. 15 0
20. :
9, +11, +1,08, 4, +8, 4,3, +5,8, 0,3, +0,3, 0,4
.
21. 3,5, +7,2, 3,1, 0,2, +3,8, 0.

. .
. .
22. :
. 8 4.
. 2,2 2,1.
23. (...) <, =, >

.
. 8 .....10
. 9......7
. 10......30
. 9......|9|
. 6......|(6)| . 12......|12|
24.

. 5......|5|
. 0,3......|0,3|
x |x| < 5,
x.
25. :
. x 3
. 8 < x < 2
- -
- - -
308.
1
. ;
. ;
;
2
. ;
. ,
;
1
(.......) <, =, >
, .
. 7.....3
. 9.....6
. 9.....6
. 0.....|5|
. 3.....|3|
. 13.....0
. 13.....13
. 5.....|5|
2
:
. |5| + |3| + |9|

. |8| |4| + |15|
. |13,5| + |3,5| |3,1|
- -
- - -
25
;
,

.
;

. , .
;
,
.

.
,
;
, x
.
310.

.
.. (3) (+7) = (3) + (7) = 10. = 3
, = +7
= 10 = +7 = 3

,, ,
:
= + ()
():
. (+3) + (+4)
. (+4 ) + (+8)
. (5) + (7 )
. (8 ) + (3)
. (+3) + (+4) = +7
. (+4) + (+8) = +12
. (5) + (7) = 12
. (8) + (3) = 11
():
.(+4) + (3)
. (+4) + (8)
. (5) + (+7)
. (8) + (+3)
. (+4) + (3) = +1
. (+4) + (8) = 4
. (5) + (+7) = +2
. (8) + (+3) = 5
:
. (+3) + (+4)
. (+2,2) + (+3,1)
. (3,4) + (8,2)
. (10) + (0)
. (+9) + (12)
. (2,5) + (+7,3)
2 6
. + + -
5 5
. (3 ) + (4)
.(3 ) + (4 ) = 7
. (3) + (+4)
. (3 ) + (+4) = +1
. (5) + (8)
. (+5) + (2)
. (0,8) + (+0,8)
311.
. (+3) + (+4) = +7
. (3,4) + (8,2) = 11,6
. (+9) + (12) = 3
. (+2,2) + (+3,1) = +5,3

. (10) + (0) = 10
. (2,5) + (+7,3) = +4,8
. (5) + (8) = 13
. (+5) + (2) = +3
. (0,8) + (+0,8) = 0
4
2 6
. + + - = 5
5 5
():
. (+3) (+4)
. (+4) (+8)
. (3) (4)
. (5) (7)
. (8) (3)
. (+3) (+4) = (+3) + (4) = 1

. (+4) (+8) = (+4) + (8) = 4
. (3) (4) = (3) + (+4) = +1
. (5) (7) = (5) + (+7) = +2
. (8) (3) = (8) + (+3) = 5
():
. (+4) (3),
. (+4) (8), . (3) (+4),
. (5) (+7), . (8) (+3),
. (+4) (3 ) = (+4) + (+3) = +7

. (+4) (8) = (+4) + (+8) = +12
. (3) (+4 ) = (3) + (4) = 7
. (5) (+7) = (5) + (7) = 12
. (8 ) (+3) = (8) + (3) = 11
:
. (+5) (2)
. (+5) (+4)
. (3) (8)
. (3) (+7)
. (+5) (2) = (+5) + (+2) = +7

. (+7) (9) = (+7) + (+9) = +16
. (3) (8) = (3) + (+8) = +5
. (5) (3) = (5) + (+3) = 2
. (+7) (9)
. (5) (3)
. (+6) (+18)
. (7) (+4)
. (+5) (+4) = (+5) + (4) = +1

. (+6) (+18) = (+6) + (18) = 12
. (3) (+7) = (3) + (7) = 10
. (7) (+4) = (7) + (4) = 11
:
1. = +3, = +5
2. = +7, = 10
3. = 8, = +13
4. = 3, = 9
1. = (+3) (+5) = (+3) + (5) = 2, = (+5) (+3) = (+5) + (3) = +2

2. = (+7) (10) = (+7) + (+10) = +17, = (10) (+7) = (10) + (7 ) = 17
3. = (8) (+13) = (8) + (13) = 21, = (+13) (8) = (+13) + (+8) = +21
312.
4. = (3) (9) = (3) + (+9) = +6,
= (9) (3) = (9) + (+3) = 6
x :
( )
. x + (+5) = 8
. x + (5) = 9
. : x + ( +5) = 8
. :
x = 8 ( +5)
x + ( 5) = 9
x = 9 ( 5)
x = 8 + ( 5)
x = +3
x = 9 + ( +5)
x = 14
|x + 3| = 4
|x + 3| = 4 :
x+3=4
x=43
x=1
|x + 3| = 4
x + 3 = 4
x = 4 3
x = 7
, x = , x = x =
313.
1. :
1. ( +3) + ( +7 )
2. ( +9 ) + ( +10 )
3. ( 8 ) + ( 13)
4. ( 12 ) + ( 31)
5. ( 5) + ( 8)
6. ( 9 ) + ( 12 )
7. ( +4 ) + ( +15 )
8. ( 10 ) + ( +8 )
9. ( 12 ) + ( +13)
10. ( +10 ) + ( 7 )
11. ( +8) + ( 3)
12. ( 13) + ( +15 )
13. ( 19 ) + ( +8 )
14. ( 20 ) + ( +15 )
15. ( 9 ) + ( +32 )
16. ( 15,3) + ( +7,5) 17. ( 17, 4 ) + ( +19,1)
2 1
18. + +
3 5
2 7
19. + +
5 3
1
21. + + ( 0,31)
2
2
20. + ( +0, 2 )
3
2. : 3, 5, +6
: +3, +5, -6
3. :
. +10 15
. 10 15
. +8 3
. 12 13
. +7 +4
4. (...)
.
. (+ 4) + (...8) = 12
. (...5) + (...3) = +8
. (...12) + (...10) = 2
. (2) + (...3) = ...1
. (3) + (...4) = 7
. (...4) + (...2) = 6
. (...3) + (...19) = +16
.(+8) + (...5) = ... 3
. (...4) + (5) = 1
. (...9) + (...2) = 11
. (...1) + (...4) = 5
. (+5) + (...12) = ...7
314.
5. :
6. (...) :
. (+3) + (+... ) = ... 10
. (...) + (+5) = 7
. (... ) + (9) =... 17

. (...) + (+20) = +5
7. + :
i. = +2, = +3
iv. = 4, = 13
ii. = 5, = 6
v. = +8, = 8
8. :
iii. = 7, = +5
315.
9. x = (+3) + (8)
A = x + y,
10.
y = ( 7) + (4), :
= 2x = x + x ,
= 2y = y + y,
= + y,
E = B +
2 3
1
1 1
x = + , y = 3 + 4 z = 2 + +3
5 5
2
2 5
: A = x + y,
11. :
B = x + z,
=y+z
. (|2|) + (+|9|) ,
. (+|+8|) + (|10|)
12. :
. (3) (5)
. (4) (12)
. (1) (4)
. (12) (12)
. (13) (4)
. (9) (+7)
. (3) (0)
. (13) (+13)
. (14) (5)
. (+12) (+10)
. (0) (7)
. (+5) (+3)
. (3) (19)
. (0) (+6)
. (3,9) (2,1)
. (5,3) (5,3)
. (+4,02) - (+2,13)
. (+14,82) (0)
13. :
. (2,5) (+3,2)
. (5) (+6,2)
. (0) (9,15)
. (7,3) (+8,1)
. (7,6) (+7,6)
14. :
2 1
. + +
5 5
7 1
. + +
2 2
2 4
. + +
3 3
1 1
. + +
5 5
6 3
.
7 8
2 3
.
5 8
1 2
.
2 3
2 1
.
5 7
2 5
. +
3 7
1 2
. +
5 3
1 7
. +
8 5
3 5
. +
8 4
1 7
1
5
2
2
. + 3 . + + ( 0, 2 ) . 2 + (0,1) . +3 + . 0 +
2
2
5
7
7
5
15.
40C
10 0C. .
316.
16. 10m,
3,70 m. .
17. N :
. x + (2) = 5
. 8 x = 9
. x (3) = 8
. (3) + x = 8
. x (+6) = 8
.(5) x = 5
. 4 + x = 7
18. 4 :
. 5
. 6
.10
. 0.6
. 2,1 (2,2)
. 16
1
( 0, 2 )
2
1 3
2
2 5
19. (5)
. 2
. 3
. +7
20. = 1 , = ( 0, 2 ) , = 2 3
2
1
( 0, 2 )
2
1 3
2
2 5
: ( + ) = +( )
21. :
1) = +5, = +8
3) = 11, = +16
2) = +9,
4) = 7,
= 12
= 12
22. :
. (+4) (...8) = 4
. (...5) (3) = +8
23.
. (3) (...4) = +1
. (...4) (+2) = 6
. (... 4) (5) = +1
. (9) (...2) = 11
:
. (+3) (... ) = ... 10
. (... ) (+9) = ... 17
. (... ) (5) = 7
. (...) (20) = +5
24. :
i. = +4, = +6
iv. = 8, = 17
ii. = 4, = 5
v. = +10, = 10
iii. = 17, = +15
317.
25. :
26. x = (+3) (+2)

A = x y,
27.
y = (7) (+2), :
= 2y = y + y,
= B
2 3
x = ,
3 2
1
y = 3 ( 2 )
2
:
A = x y,
B = y z,
28. :
= z x,
. (|3|) (+|8|),
. (+|5|) (|4|)
1 1
z = 3 2 ,
3 4
= + + .
318.
1
. ;
. ;
2
. ;
. ;
1
:
. (+3) + (+4)
. (+5) + (8)
. (3) +
1
3
1 2
. 2 + +3
3 5
. (8) + (9)
. (10) + (+18)
2 1
. +
5 4
. (0,33) + (+1,22)
2
:
. = 3 = 5
. = +7 = 4
. = 0,5 = +0,7
3
(...)
.
. (+4) (...9) = 5
. (...4) (+3) = 7
. (...4) (9) = +5
. (...5) (4) = +9
4
(...) .
. (+3) (...) = ... 8
. (...) (+9) = ... 12
. (...) (5) = 1

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* ( ) N* = {0,1, 2,3, 4,....} .

75,943 76, 000 76

63,807 < 63,808 < 63,809

x . 20x = 200 . x = 10 , 2010 = 200 .

3710 = 3(710 ) = 370 = 210

1.159.500 + 997.000 + 3.000 = 159.500 + (997.000 + 3.000 )

. 4.400.000 + 630.000 + 5.600.000 =

( 4.400.000 + 5.600.000 ) + 630.000 =

. x = 927,5 218, 3 = 709, 2

. 0, 017, 63 = 0, 0763 0,1 0,01

. 629 12 + 52 = 558 12 + 10 = 546 + 10 = 556

. 83.0000, 001 = 83 , x = 0, 001

. 863, 7 99, 632

7325 = 1825 1348 = 624

0, 6, 12, 18, 24, ...

. 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, ...

(8, 12) =24

5: 30, 60, 90, ...

. 121 < 135 < 132

4 105 + 6 104 + 3 102 + 2 = 460302

3275 = 3 103+ 2 102 + 7 101 + 5

408906 = 4 105 + 8 103 + 9 102 + 6

. = (32 ) = 32 32 32 = (33) (33) (33) = 333333 = 36

: 352 84 = 29568 . 29568,

10, 100, 1000 ;

. 3432, 864, 156, 730 2, 2, 4,

... ... 60 150.

... (60,100 ) = 22 352 = 300

ii. (64 : 4 ) + (32 : 4 ) = 16 + 8 = 24

(64 + 32 ) : 4 = (64 : 4 ) + (32 : 4 ) = 24

(73,8 + 44, 4 ) : 6 = 73,8 : 6 + 44, 4 : 6 = 12,3 + 7, 4 = 19, 7

(7,56 + 9, 72 ) :1, 2 = 7,56 :1, 2 + 9, 72 :1, 2 = 6,3 + 8,1 = 14, 4

i. 62,8 :13 = 4,8

9. 16, 20, 60 ...

11. : 3, 5, 9, 11, 12, 15. :

13. 4816, 805, 3600, 28575, 933 .

17. ... ... 36 124.

23. 6,88 1,72;

. ( 625 :1000 )10

42 + ( 30 : 2 - 322 ) + (62 : 9 )2 - (15 + 3 ) : 3

. 184 315 + 913 =

= 39,36 : 3, 2 + ( 29,16 10, 24 ) : 4 =

. 8 2 + (8 ) = 82,12 + (82,1) = 82,12 + 16,82 = 84, 41 + 282, 24 =

= 35, 28 + 282, 24 = 317,52

. ( ) : ( ) : + ( ) : = (17 2 ) : 3 ( 23) : 9 + (17 9 ) : 2 =

+ 2, 4 ) : 0,5 + (1,52 + 0,5 ) : 4 0,32 =

= ( 2, 4 : 0,3 0,58 ) (1,5 : 0,5 ) 2 =

(0, 25 + 2, 4 ) : 0,5 + ( 2, 25 + 0,5) : 4 0,32 =

= 23 + 52 - ( 42 -10 ) + (15 : 3) - 45 = 23 + 52 (16 10 ) + 5 45 =

. 3, 4106 + 5, 2106 = 106 (3, 4 + 5, 2 ) = 8, 6106

= 189 173 + 224 : 56

. ( 73, 2 : 3)4 (19, 08 :1,8 )3

. (9,35 27, 4 ) + ( 0,56 : 8 + 1, 03)

. 4,3 + (6,92 4,3) + 7,12 2,1

. 5 4, 2 + 6,142 + 82 5, 223 + 6,12

x + 26 = 31, 17y = 51, 15 = 11 t : 2 = 3

= 7 + 532 = 1232 = 129 = 108

= (62 29 ) + (108 :12 ) 43 2

1yrd = 3ft = 36in

: ( 2,3) , (3, 2 ) , ( 2,8 ) , (8, 2 ) , (3,8 ) , (8,3)

. 6,5m = (6,51000 ) m = 6500m

. 960mm = 960 :100 = 9, 6dm