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Bai Tap Tong Hop Hoa Huu Co 11cuc Hay
Bai Tap Tong Hop Hoa Huu Co 11cuc Hay
Ti liu gm:Bi tp: hidrocacbon no,khng no,thm; dn xut halogen ancol phenol;114 cu
trc nghim anehit-xeton-axit cacboxylic,100 cu trc nghim dn xut halogen-ancolphenol;xc nh CTPT ha huc
BI TP I CNG HA HC HU C
Kin thc cn nh:
I. THNH PHN NGUYN T:
1. nh lng C v H:
t chy a(g) HCHC thu c
m CO2 (g)
m H2O (g)
m CO2
mH = 2 n H2O = 2
44
%H =
mN = 28 n N2
m H2O
18
m H .100%
a
%N =
m N .100%
a
3. nh lng O:
mO = a (mC + mH + mN)
* Ghi ch:
- Nu cht kh o kc (00C v 1atm): n =
V(l)
22,4
P: p sut (atm)
V: Th tch (lt)
R 0,082
mA
MA
d A/B =
MA = MB.dA/B
mB
MB
Nu B l khng kh th MB = 29 M = 29.dA/KK
- Da trn khi lng ring a(g/ml): Gi V0 (lt) l th tch mol ca cht kh c khi lng ring a(g/ml) trong
cng iu kin th M = a.V0
- Da trn s bay hi: Lm ha hi m(g) hp cht hu c th th tch n chim V lt. T tnh khi lng ca
mt th tch mol (cng k) th chnh l M.
Ha hi Cng iu kin VA = VB
nA = nB
II. Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong HCHC:
Da vo khi lng hay (%) cc nguyn t. C x H y Oz N t (x, y, z, t nguyn dng)
mC m H mO m N
%C % H %O % N
:
:
:
:
:
:
hoc x : y : z : t =
=:::
12 1 16 14
12
1
16 14
III. Lp CTPT hp cht hu c:
x:y:z:t=
M = ( 12 + + 16 + 14 )n
n = 12 + + 16 + 14 CTPT
3. Tnh trc tip t khi lng sn phm t chy:
C x H y Oz N t + ( x +
M
m
Do :
y z
y
t
)
xCO2 + H 2O + N 2
4 2
2
2
44x
mCO2
9y
m H 2O
14t
mN2
M
44x
9y
14t
=
=
=
m
mCO2
mH2O
mN2
Sau khi bit c x, y, t v M ta suy ra z
Dng 1: Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong HCHC
Bi 1. t chy hon ton 0,92 g HCHC thu c 1,76 g CO 2 v 1,08 g H2O. Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t
trong HCHC.
Bi 2. t chy hon ton 7,75 g vitamin C (cha C, H, O) thu c 11,62 g CO 2 v 3,17 g H2O. Xc nh % khi
lng mi nguyn t trong phn t vitamin C.
Bi 3. Oxi ho hon ton 0,6 g HCHC A thu c 0,672 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v 0,72 g H2O. Tnh thnh phn phn trm
ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A.
Bi 4. Oxi ho hon ton 0,135 g HCHC A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 cha H 2SO4 c v bnh 2 cha KOH,
th thy khi lng bnh 1 tng ln 0,117 g, bnh 2 tng thm 0,396 g. th nghim khc, khi nung 1,35 g hp cht A
vi CuO th thu c 112 ml (ktc) kh nit. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A.
Bi 5. Oxi ho hon ton 0,46 g HCHC A, dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 cha H 2SO4 c v bnh 2 cha KOH d
thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,54 g bnh 2 tng 0,88 g. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht
A.
Bi 6. A l mt cht hu c ch cha 2 nguyn t. Khi oxi ho hon ton 2,50 g cht A ngi ta thy to thnh 3,60 g
H2O. Xc nh thnh phn nh tnh v nh lng ca cht A.
Bi 7. Khi oxi ho hon ton 5,00 g mt cht hu c, ngi ta thu c 8,40 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 4,5 g H2O. Xc nh
phn trm khi lng ca tng nguyn t trong hp cht hu c .
Bi 8. t chy hon ton 2,50 g cht A phi dng va ht 3,36 lt O 2 (ktc). Sn phm chy ch c CO2 v H2O,
trong khi lng CO2 hn khi lng H2O l 3,70 g. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca tng nguyn t trong A.
Bi 9. Oxi ho hon ton 6,15 g cht hu c X, ngi ta thu c 2,25 g H 2O; 6,72 lt CO2 v 0,56 lt N2 (cc th tch
o ktc).
Dng 2: Lp CTPT hp cht hu c
Bi 1. Nilon 6, loi t nilon ph bin nht c 63,68% C; 9,08 % H; 14,14% O; v 12,38% N. Xc nh CTGN ca
nilon 6.
Bi 2. Kt qu phn tch cc nguyn t trong nicotin nh sau: 74% C; 8,65% H; 17,35% N. Xc nh CTGN ca
nicotin, bit nicotin c khi lng mol phn t l 162.
Bi 3. t chy hon ton 5,6 g HCHC A thu c 13,2 g CO 2 v 3,6 g H2O. T khi ca A so vi H2 l 28. Xc nh
CTPT ca A.
Bi 49*: t chy hon ton 0,01mol cht hu c (B) bng mt lng Oxy va l 0,616 lt th thu c 1,344 lt hn
hp CO2, N2 v hi nc. Sau khi lm ngng t hi nc, hn hp kh cn li chim th tch 0,56 lt v c t khi
i vi Hydro bng 20,4. Xc nh CTPT ca (B) bit rng cc th tch kh o trong iu kin tiu chun v (B) ch
cha mt nguyn t Nit ?
S: C2H7O2N
Bi 50*: Khi t 18g mt hp cht hu c phi dng 16,8 lt oxy (kc) v thu c kh CO 2 v hi nc vi t l th
tch l VCO2 :VH 2O = 3:2 . T khi hi ca hp cht hu c i vi Hydro l 36. Hy xc nh CTPT ca hp cht
?
S: C3H4O2
CC BI TON HIROCACBON
Ghi nh:
I. CC PHN NG DNG TNG QUT:
1. Gi CT chung ca cc hydrocacbon l C n H 2 n +2 2 k
a.Phn ng vi H2 d (Ni,to) (Hs=100%)
C n H 2 n +2 2 k + k H2 Ni, t C n H 2 n +2 hn hp sau phn ng c ankan v H2 d
o
CmH2m+2 + CxH2x
3) i vi anken:
+ Phn ng vi H2, Br2, HX u tun theo t l mol 1:1
+ Ch phn ng th vi Cl2 cacbon
CH3-CH=CH2 + Cl2 500
C ClCH2-CH=CH2 + HCl
4) i vi ankin:
+ Phn ng vi H2, Br2, HX u tun theo t l mol 1:1 hay 1: 2
VD: CnH2n-2 + 2H2 Ni, t CnH2n+2
+ Phn ng vi dd AgNO3/NH3
2CnH2n-2 + xAg2O 2CnH2n-2-xAgx + xH2O
K: 0 x 2
* Nu x=0 hydrocacbon l ankin ankin-1
* Nu x=1 hydrocacbon l ankin-1
* Nu x= 2 hydrocacbon l C2H2.
5) i vi aren v ng ng:
+ Cch xc nh s lin kt ngoi vng benzen.
n Br2
= l s lin kt ngoi vng benzen.
Phn ng vi dd Br2
n hydrocacbon
+ Cch xc nh s lk trong vng:
nH2
= +
Phn ng vi H2 (Ni,to):
n hydrocacbon
* vi l s lk nm ngoi vng benzen
* l s lk trong vng benzen.
Ngoi ra cn c 1 lk to vng benzen s lk tng l + +1.
VD: hydrocacbon c 5 trong c 1 lk to vng benzen, 1lk ngoi vng, 3 lk trong vng. Vy n c k=5
CTTQ l CnH2n+2-k vi k=5 CTTQ l CnH2n-8
3
B) 4g
C) 6g
D) 8g.
17
10,8
12 +
2 B6 gam .
44
18
3n +1
2. Khi t chay ankan thu c nCO 2 < nH2O va s
O2
CnH2n+2 +
2
mol ankan chay = s mol H2O
nCO2
+ (n + 1) H2O
Thi du 1: t chay hoan toan 0,15 mol hn hp 2 ankan thu c 9,45g H 2O. Cho san phm chay vao dung dich Ca(OH) 2 d thi
khi lng kt tua thu c la:
B. 52,5g
C. 15g
D. 42,5g
Thi du 2: t chay hoan toan hn hp 2 hidrocacbon lin tip trong day ng ng thu c 11,2 lit CO 2 (ktc) va 12,6g H2O.Hai
hidrocacbon o thuc day ng ng nao?
A. Ankan
B. Anken
C. Ankin
D. Aren
Thi du 3:t chay hoan toan hn hp gm 1 ankan va 1 anken. Cho san phm chay ln lt i qua binh 1 ng P 2O5 d va binh 2
ng KOH rn, d thy binh 1 tng 4,14g, binh 2 tng 6,16g. S mol ankan co trong hn hp la: A. 0,06
B. 0,09
C. 0,03
D. 0,045
Thi du 5: t chay hoan toan 0,1 mol hn hp gm CH 4, C4H10 va C2H4 thu c 0,14 mol CO2 va 0,23 mol H2O. S mol ankan va
anken co trong hn hp ln lt la:
A. 0,09 va 0,01
B. 0,01 va 0,09
C. 0,08 va 0,02
D. 0,02 va 0,08
B. C3H8, C3H6
C. C4H10, C4H8
D. C5H12, C5H10
B. 2,24 lit
C. 4,48 lit
B. 3,36 lit
6. t chay hn hp cac hidrocacbon khng no c bao nhiu mol CO 2 thi sau o hidro hoa hoan toan ri t
chay hn hp cac hidrocacbon no o se thu c by nhiu mol CO 2. o la do khi hidro hoa thi s nguyn t C
khng thay i va s mol hidrocacbon no thu c lun bng s mol hidrocacbon khng no.
Thi du: Chia hn hp gm C 3H6, C2H4, C2H2, thanh 2 phn u nhau:t chay phn 1 thu c 2,24 lit CO 2 (ktc). Hidro hoa phn
2 ri t chay ht san phm thi th tich CO2 thu c la:
A. 2,24 lit
B. 1,12 lit
C. 3,36 lit
D. 4,48 lit
7. Sau khi hidro hoa hoan toan hidrocacbon khng no ri t chay thi thu c s mol H 2O nhiu hn so vi khi
t luc cha hidro hoa. S mol H2O tri hn bng s mol H2 a tham gia phan ng hidro hoa.
Thi du: t chay hoan toan 0,1 mol ankin thu c 0,2 mol H 2O. Nu hidro hoa ho toan 0,1 mol ankin nay ri t chay thi s mol
H2O thu c la:
A. 0,3
B. 0,4
C. 0,5
D. 0,6
9.Da vao cach tinh s nguyn t C va s nguyn t C trung binh hoc khi lng mol trung binh
m
M = hh
nhh
+ S nguyn t C:
n=
nco2
nC X HY
n=
nCO2
nhh
n =
n1a +n2b
a +b
Vi du 1: Hn hp 2 ankan la ng ng lin tip co khi lng la 24,8g. Th tich tng ng cua hn hp la 11,2 lit (ktc). Cng
thc phn t ankan la:
A. CH4, C2H6
B. C2H6, C3H8
C. C3H8, C4H10
D. C4H10, C5H12.
B. C2H6, C3H8
C. C3H8, C4H10
D. C4H10, C5H12
Vi du 3: Cho 14g hn hp 2 anken la ng ng lin tip i qua dung dich nc Br 2 thy lam mt mau va u dd cha 64g
Br2.Cng thc phn t cua cac anken la:
A. C2H4, C3H6
B. C3H8, C4H10
C. C4H10, C5H12
D. C5H10, C6H12
B. 2:1
C. 2:3
D. 1:1
Thi du 4: Cho 10,2g hn hp khi A gm CH4 va anken ng ng lin tip i qua dd nc brom d, thy khi lng binh tng 7g,
ng thi th tich hn hp giam i mt na. Cng thc phn t cac anken la:
A. C2H4, C3H6
B. C3H6, C4H10
C. C4H8, C5H10
D. C5H10, C6H12
B. 20%, 30%
C. 25%, 25%
D. 40%. 10%
CNG THC CN NH HA HU C
I. XC NH THNH PHN NGUYN T (m, %)
1. Xc nh khi lng cc nguyn t c trong mA gam hp cht:
12
.mCO2 = 12.nCO2 ( g )
44
V
mN = N 2 .28 = 28.nN 2 ( g )
22,4
mO = mA ( mC + mH + mN )
mC =
2
.mH 2 O = 2.nH 2 O ( g )
18
14
mN =
.mNO2 = 14.nNO2 ( g )
46
mH =
MA
12 x
y
16 z 14t
=
=
=
=
100% %C % H %O % N
4x + y 2z
y
t
to
O2
xCO2 + H 2O + N 2
4
2
2
1
=
nA
4x + y 2z
y
t
x
4
=
= 2 = 2
nO2 pu
nCO2
nH 2 O nN 2
Cht
Ankan
Thuc
th
Cl2/s
Dd Br2
Anken
Ankin
Phn ng
Sn phm
sau
P
as
lm hng CnH2n+2 + Cl2
CnH2n+1Cl + HCl
giy qu
m
Mt mu
CnH2n + Br2 CnH2nBr2
Dd Br2
mt mu
3CnH2n + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CnH2n(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
Sp cho p
PdCl2 ,CuCl 2
trng
2CH2 = CH2 + O2
CH3CHO
gng
Mt mu
CnH2n2 + 2Br2 CnH2nBr4
Dd Br2
Mt mu
Dd KMnO4
mt mu
Dd KMnO4
Kh Oxi
Ankaien
Hin
tng
AgNO3/NH3 kt
ta HC CH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH Ag C C Ag + 2H2O +
(c ni 3 mu vng 4NH3
u mch)
nht
RC CH + [Ag(NH3)2]OH RC CAg + H2O + 2NH3
dd
CuCl kt
ta CH CH + 2CuCl + 2NH3 Cu C C Cu + 2NH4Cl
trong NH3
mu
R C C H + CuCl + NH3 R C C Cu + NH4Cl
Toluen
dd KMnO4,
Mt mu
t0
COOK
CH3
HO
2
+ 2KMnO4
0
80-100 C
CH = CH2
Stiren
Dd KMnO4
Ancol
Na, K
Ancol
bc I
CuO (en)
t0
Mt mu
+ 2KMnO 4 + 4H2O
+ 2MnO2 +KOH+H2O
CHOH = CH2OH
+ 2MnO2 + 2H2O
khng
2R OH
+ 2Na
2R ONa
+ H2
mu
t0
Cu (),
R CH2 OH + CuO
R CH = O + Cu + H2O
Sp cho p
R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH
Ancol
bc II
Ancol
a chc
Anilin
CuO
t0
trng
R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3
gng
Cu (),
(en) Sp khng
t0
R CH2OH R + CuO
R CO R + Cu + H2O
p trng
gng
dung dch
mu xanh
lam
Cu(OH)2
Nc Brom
To kt
ta trng
CH2 OH
HO CH2
Anehit
Cht
Axit
cacboxylic
CH2 OH
NH2
NH2
+ 3Br2
Br
Br
(ke
t tu
a tra
ng)
Ag R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH
R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3
Qu tm
Ha
CO32
CO2
Ha xanh
Ha
Khng i
CO32
CO2
Qu tm
Ha xanh
dd xanh
2C6H12O6 + Cu(OH)2 (C6H11O6)2Cu + 2H2O
lam
CH2OH (CHOH)4 CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH
gch
t0
Cu(OH)2
NaOH, t0
AgNO3
NH3
Thu phn
Vi sa
Cu(OH)2
Mantoz
+ 3HBr
Hin
tng
Dd Br2
Saccaroz
C12H22O11
CH2 OH HO CH2
Thuc
th
Cu(OH)2
Glucoz
HO CH2
Cu(OH)2
t0
gch RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH
RCOONa + Cu2O + 3H2O
0
NaOH, t
Dd Brom
Mt mu
RCHO + Br2 + H2O RCOOH + 2HBr
Andehit no hay ko no u lm mt mu nc Br2 v y l phn ng oxi ha kh. Mun
phn bit andehit no v khng no dng dd Br2 trong CCl4, mi trng CCl4 th Br2 khng
th hin tnh oxi ha nn ch phn ng vi andehit khng no
Aminoaxit
Amin
trng
CH OH + Cu(OH)2 + HO CH CH O Cu O CH + 2H2O
Br
AgNO3
trong NH3
CH2 OH HO CH2
Cu(OH)2
/
trng
Phn ng
Mt mu
sn phm
tham gia
p trng
gng
Vn c
dd xanh
lam
dd xanh
CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO
CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+2HBr
C12H22O11
H 2O
C12H22O11
Ca(OH)2
C6H12O6
Glucoz
Br2
C6H12O6
Fructoz
C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O
C12H22O11
Tinh bt
(C6H10O5)n
lam
AgNO3
/
Ag
NH3
trng
sn phm
tham gia
Thu phn
C12H22O11 + H2O
2C6H12O6 (Glucoz)
p trng
gng
sn phm
tham gia
Thu phn
(C6H10O11)n + nH2O
nC6H12O6 (Glucoz)
p trng
gng
To dung dch mu xanh tm, khi un nng mu xanh tm bin mt, khi
Ddch iot
ngui mu xanh tm li xut hin
BI TP TNG HP HIDROCACBON
CH 1: Xc nh dy ng ng ca hidrocacbon
1. t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h cng dy ng ng hp th hon ton sn phm vo
1,8 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,05M thu c kt ta v khi lng dung dch tng 3,78g. Cho Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch
thu c kt ta v tng khi lng tng cng c 2 ln l 18,85g. T khi ca X vi H2 l 20.
Dy ng dng ca hai hidrocacbon l:
a. Ankin
b. Ankadien
c. Aren
d. Ankin hoc Ankadien
p n ng: d
2. Cho hn hp kh X gm 2 hidrocacbon A, B mch thng v khi lng phn t ca A nh hn khi lng phn
t ca B. Trong hn hp X, A chim 75% theo th tch . t chy hon ton X cho sn phm chy hp th qua bnh
cha dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, sau th nghim khi lng dung dch trong bnh gim 12,78g ng thi thu c 19,7g kt
ta. Bit t khi hi ca X i vi hidro bng 18,5 v A, B cng dy ng ng.
1) Xc nh dy ng ng ca 2 hidrocacbon
a. Ankan
b. Anken
c. Aren
d. Ankadien
p n ng: a
2) Tm cng thc phn t ca A, B?
a. C3H6 v C4H8
b. C2H6 v C4H10
b. C4H8 v C5H10
d. C2H6 v C3H8
p n ng: b
3. Mi hn hp X gm 2 hidrocacbon A, B ( thuc mt trong 3 dy ng ng ankan, anken, ankin) s nguyn t C
trong mi phn t nh hn 7; A v B c trn theo t l mol l 1:2. t chy hon ton 14,8g hn hp X bng oxi ri
thu ton b sn phm ln lt dn qua bnh cha dung dch H 2SO4 c, d; bnh 2 cha 890ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 1M
th khi lng bnh 1 tng 14,4g v bnh 2 thu c 133,96g kt ta trng.
Xc nh dy ng ng ca A v B.
a. Ankin
b. Anken
c. Ankedien
d. Ankan
p n ng: a
4. t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon X vi mt lng va oxi. Dn hn hp sn phm chy qua H 2SO4 m
c th th tch kh gim hn mt na. Dy ng dng ca hidrocacbon X l:
a. Ankin
b. Anken
c. Ankedien
d. Ankan
p n ng: d
5. Cho 2 hidrocacbon X v Y ng ng nhau, phn t khi ca X gp i phn t khi ca Y.
a) Xc nh cng thc tng qut ca 2 hidrocacbon.
a. CnH2n 2
b. CnH2n + 2
b. CnH2n 6
c. CnH2n
p n ng: d
b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X v Y, bit rng: T khi ca hn hp ng th tch X v Y so vi kh C 2H6
bng 2,1.
c. C4H6
d. C2H6
20. t chy hai hidrocacbon c cng cng thc tng qut C nH2n + 2 2k thu c sn phm sau khi t chy c khi
lng 22,1g. Khi cho ton b lng sn phm ny vo 400g dung dch NaOH th thu c dung dch gm hai mui c
nng 9,0026%. T l s mol hai mui l 1:1.
Cho bit t l s mol ca chng trong hn hp l 1:2 ( theo chiu khi lng phn t tng dn). Bit k < 3. Cng
thc phn thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon l:
a. C2H4 v C3H6
b. C3H8 v C4H10
c. C2H2 v C3H4
d. Kt qu khc
p n ng: c
21. Mt hidrocacbon X c cng thc CnH2n + 2 2k. Khi t X ta c t l s mol ca CO2 v H2O bng 2 ( k hiu l
b), ng vi k nh nht. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
a. C2H4
b. C2H6
c. C2H2
d. C6H6
p n ng: c
22. C mt hn hp hai hidrocacbon A v B th kh. Phn t khi ca B ln hn phn t khi ca A 24 vC. T
khi hi so vi H2 ca B bng 9/5 t khi hi so vi H 2 ca A. Khi t chy V lit hn hp thu c 11,2 lit CO 2 (ktc)
v 8,1g H2O. Hi A v B l nhng hidrocacbon no?
a. C2H8 v C4H10
b. C2H6 v C4H6
c. C3H8 v C5H10
d. Kt qu khc
p n khc: b
23. t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hi ca hidrocacbon A v kh oxi d thu c hn hp kh v hi. Lm lnh
hn hp ny, th tch gim 50%. Nu cho hn hp cn li qua KOH, th tch gim 83,3% s cn li. Xc nh cng
thc phn t ca hidrocacbon.
a. C2H6
b. C5H8
c. C5H12
d. C6H6
p n ng: c
24. Trong mt hn hp kh X gm hidrocacbon A v kh oxi d trong bnh ri t chy, sau khi xong,lm lnh hn
hp kh thu c, nhn thy th tch gim 33,3% so vi th tch hn hp thu c. Nu dn hn hp kh tip tc qua
dung dch KOH th tc b gim 75% s cn li. Tm cng thc phn t hidrocacbon A.
a. C3H6
b. C3H4
c. C2H6
d. C6H6
p n ng: b
25. nhit 100oC, khi lng phn t trung bnh ca hn hp gm mt s hidrocacbon lien tip trong cng dy
ng ng no bng 64. Sau khi lm lnh nhit phng th mt s cht trong hn hp b ha lng. Khi lng
phn t trung bnh ca nhng cht cn li th kh bng 54, cn khi lng phn t trung bnh ca nhng cht lng l
74. Tng khi lng phn t cc cht trong hn hp ban u bng 252 vC v phn t khi ca ng ng nng nht
bng 2 ln ca phn t khi ca ng ng nh nht. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc cht trong hn hp ban
u?
a. C3H8; C4H10; C5H12
b. C2H6 v C3H6
c. C4H8; C5H10 v C6H12
d. Kt qu khc
p n ng: c
26. Mt hn hp kh c khi lng 7,6g gm 2,24 lit mt hidrocacbon mch thng A v 1,12 lit mt ankin B (ktc).
t chy hon ton hn hp trn ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht trong dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d th c
108,35g kt ta. A thuc loi hidrocacbon no?
a. C3H4 v C4H8
b. C2H2 v C3H8
c. C6H6 v C7H8
d. Kt qu khc
p n ng: a
27. Hn hp hai olefin ( th kh) lien tip trong cng dy ng ng hp nc to thnh 2 ru (mt ru c dng
mch nhnh) hiu sut u bng 40%. Bit th tch hn hp V lit ( 0oC, 1 atm)
Chia hn hp ru thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho Na tc dng vi phn 1 thu c 2,464 lit H 2 ( 27,3oC, 1 atm).
un nng phn 2 vi H2SO4 c to 3,852g hn hp 3 ete. 50% lng ru c s nguyn t cacbon t hn v 40%
lng ru c s nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn to thnh ete. Xc nh cng thc phn t 2 olefin.
a. C3H6 v C4H8
b. C2H4 v C4H8
d. C2H4 v C3H6
BI TP T GII
1. a) Trn 0,02 mol C2H2 v 0,03 mol H2 vi 1,68 lit O2 (kct) np vo mt kh k c th tch 4 lit ri t chy.
p sut hn hp sau phn khi to = 109,2oC l:
a. 0,392 atm
b. 1,176 atm
c. 0,784 atm
d. 1,568 atm
b) Cho 11 gam hn hp gm 6,72 lit mt hidrocacbon mch h A v 22,4 lit mt ankin. t chy hn hp ny th
tiu th 25,76 lit oxi. Cc th tch o trong iu kin tiu chun.
Cng thc phn t ca hidrocacbon A v B ln lt l:
a. C2H6 v C2H2
b. C3H6 v C3H4
c. C2H2 v C3H4
d. C2H4 v C2H2
2. a) Trong mt bnh kn th tch 5,6 lit cha 3,36 lit H2 v 2,24 lit C2H4 (ktc) v mt t bt niken. t nng bnh
mt thi gian, Sau lm lnh v 0oC, p sut trong bnh lc l p. Nu cho hn hp kh trong bnh sau phn ng li
qua nc brom thy c 0,8g Br2 tham gia phn ng.
Hy tnh phn trm phn ng:
a. 31,65%
b. 63,3%
c. 94,95%
d. 100%
b) t chy hon ton 50 cm3 hn hp kh A gm C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 v H2 thu c 45 cm3 CO2. Mt khc nung
nng th tch hn hp kh A c mt Pd xc tc th thu c 40 cm 3 hn hp kh B. Sau cho hn hp kh B qua Ni
un nng cho mt kh duy nht. (Gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton) Thnh phn phn trm theo th tch cc kh
trong hn hp A ( H2, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6) ln lt l:
a. 20%, 30%, 20%,30%
b. 25%, 15%, 30%, 30%
c. 55%, 20%, 15%, 10%
d. Kt qu khc
3
3. a) t chy 60 cm hn hp ankin X, Y l hai ng ng lien tip nhau thu c 220 cm 3 CO2 ( cc th tch kh
o trong cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca X v Y ln lt l:
a. C2H2 v C3H4
b. C3H4 v C4H6
c. C4H6 v C5H8
d. Kt qu khc
b) Mt bnh kn 2 lit 27,3oC cha 0,03 mol C2H2; 0,015 mol C2H4 v 0,04 mol H2 c p sut p1.
Nu trong bnh c mt t bt Ni lm xc tc ( th tch khng ng k), nung bnh n nhit cao phn ng
xy ra hon ton, sau a v nhit ban u c hn hp kh A c p sut p 2. Cho hn hp A tc dng vi lng
d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 3,6g kt ta. Hy tnh p sut p2:
a. 0,277 atm
b. 0,6925 atm
c. 1,108 atm
d. 0,554 atm
4. a) t chy hon ton 2,24 lit kh C 2H4 (ktc) ri hp th ton b sn phm vo dung dch cha 11,1 gam
Ca(OH)2. Hi sau khi hp th khi lng phn dung dch tng hay gim bao nhiu gam?
a. tng 4,8g
b. gim 2,4g
c. tng 2,4g
d. gim 3,6g
e. tng 3,6g
b) Mt hn hp A gm 0,12 mol C 2H2 v 0,18 mol H2. Cho A qua Ni nung nng,phn ng khng hon ton v thu
c kh B. Cho B qua bnh dung dch Br 2 d, thu hn hp kh thot ra X. t chy hon ton X ri cho ton b sn
phm vo bnh cha dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 12 gam kt ta v khi lng bnh tng ln 8,88 gam. Tnh
tng khi lng ca bnh dung dch Br2.
a. 0,82g
b. 2,46g
c. 1,64g
d. 3,28g
e. kt qu khc
5. a) Trn 11,2 lit hn hp X gm C 3H6 (chim 40%V) v C3H4 (chim 60%V) vi H2 trong bnh kn 33,6 lit c t
bt Ni ktc. Sau thi gian t chy nng bnh v a v nhit ban u thy p sut kh trong bnh l 2/3 atm. Bit
khi cho hn hp qua dung dch mui Ag+ trong ammoniac th tch ca n gim 1/10. Hy xc nh thnh phn v s
mol hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng:
a. C3H8 (0,5 mol) v H2 (0,5 mol)
b. C3H8 (0,9 mol) v C3H6 (0,1mol)
c. C3H8 (0,3 mol) v C3H6 (0,1 mol)
d. C3H4 (0,1 mol) v H2 (0,5 mol)
e. Kt qu khc
b) Mt hn hp R gm C 2H4 v C3H6, trong C3H6 chim 71,43% v th tch. Mt hn hp X gm R v H 2 vi s
mol R bng 5 ln s mol H2. Ly 9,408 lit X (ktc) ung nng vi Ni xc tc, phn ng hon ton, thu c hn hp
kh Z. Bit t l mol ca 2 ankan sinh ra bng t l mol ca 2 olefin tng ng ban u.
S mol cc kh C2H6, C3H8, C2H4, C3H6 ln lt l:
a. 0,01; 0,06; 0,08 v 0,2
b. 0,03; 0,04; 0,06 v 0,22
B. 1,1 imetyletan-1-ol
D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol
B.
CH3 - CH - CH2 - OH
CH3
C.
CH3
D.
OH
CH3 - C - CH3
CH3
27/ Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng dng phng php no sau y iu ch ru etylic?
A. Cho glucoz ln men ru
B. Thu phn dn xut halogen trong mi trng kim
C. Cho C2H4 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long, nng
D. Cho CH3CHO hp H2 c xc tc Ni, un nng.
28/ Pht biu no sau y l ng:
A. Ru thm l cht c cng thc tng qut C6H6(OH)z
B. Ru thm l cht trong phn t c nhn benzen v c nhm hidroxyl.
C. Ru thm l cht c nhm hidroxyl gn trn mch nhnh ca hidrocacbon thm.
D. Ru thm l cht c nhn benzen, mi thm hnh nhn.
29/ Cho cc hp cht:
(1) CH3 CH2 OH
(2) CH3 C6H4 - OH
(3) CH3 C6H4 CH2 OH
(4) C6H5 - OH
(5) C6H5 CH2 OH
(6) C6H5 CH2 CH2 - OH
Nhng cht no sau y l ru thm?
A. (2) v (3)
B. (3), (5) v (6)
C. (4), (5) v (6)
D. (1), (3), (5) v (6)
30/ Cht hu c no sau y l cht lng iu kin thng
A. CH3Cl
B. CH3OH
C. CH3 O CH3
D. Tt c u l cht lng
31/ phn bit ancol etylic tinh khit v ancol etylic c ln nc, c th dng cht no sau y?
A. Na kim loi
B. CuO, to
C. CuSO4 khan
D. H2SO4 c
32/ Khi t chy mt ru thu c t l s mol nH2O : nCO2 = 1:1. kt lun no sau y v ru cho l ng?
OH
C. CH = CH - CH2 = CH2
OH
o
34/ Cc ancol c t nc, t si, tan trong H2O ca ancol u cao hn so vi hirocacbon v:
A. Cc ancol c nguyn t O trong phn t
B. Cc ancol c khi lng phn t ln
C. Cc ancol c khi lng phn t ln hn hirocacbon v c kh nng hnh thnh lin kt hiro vi H2O
D. Gia cc phn t ancol tn ti lin kt hiro lin phn t ng thi c s tng ng vi cu to ca H2O
35/ S lng ng phn c nhm OH ca C5H12O l:
A. 4
B. 8
C. 5
D. 7
36/ Tn gi ca CH3-CH(OH)-CH2OH l:
A. 1,2- ihiroxyl propen
B. Propan-2,3-iol
C. Propan-1,2- iol
D. 1- Metyl etaniol.
37/ Khi oxiho ancol X thu c anehit n chc, vy CTCT ca X c dng:
A. R-OH
B. R-CH(OH)-R
C. CnH2n+1CH2OH
D. R-CH2-OH
38/ Khi t chy ancol X thu c s mol nc ln hn s mol CO2. iu cho bit, X l
A. Ancol no, mch h
B. Ancol no n chc
C. Ancol c 1 lin kt
D. Ancol a chc
39/ Khi lng kim loi Na cn phi ly tc dng vi 80g C2H5OH l:
A. 25g
B. 35g
C. 40g
D. 45g
40/ t chy mt lng ancol A thu c 4,4g CO2 v 3,6g H2O. CTPT ca ru l:
A. CH3OH
B. C2H5OH
C. C3H7OH
D. C4H9OH
41/ Cho 11 gam hn hp gm 2 ru n chc tc dng ht vi natri kim loi thu c 3,36 lt hidro (ktc). Khi
lng phn t trung bnh ca 2 ru l:
A. 36,7
B. 48,8
C. 73,3
D. 32,7
42/ t chy 1,85 gam mt ru no n chc cn c 3,36 lit O2 (ktc). Cng thc ru l:
A. CH3OH
B. C2H5OH C. C3H7OH D. C4H9OH
43/ Cho 16,6 gam hn hp gm ru etylic v ru n-propylic phn ng ht vi Na d thu c 3,36 lit H2 (ktc). % v
khi lng cc ru trong hn hp l.
A. 27,7% v 72,3% B. 60,2% v 39,8% C. 40% v 60%
D. 32% v 68%
44/ Cho 11g hn hp gm hai ru no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi Na thu c
3,36lit H2 (o kc). Cng thc phn t ca 2 ru trn l:
A.CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C3H5OH v C2H5OH.
C. CH3OH v C2H3OH.
D. C3H7OH v C2H5OH.
45/ Mt ru n chc A tc dng vi HBr cho hp cht hu c B c cha C, H, Br; trong Br chim 58,4% khi
lng. CTPT ca ru l:
A. C2H5OH
B. C3H7OH
C. CH3OH
D. C4H9OH
46/ Ly mt lng Na kim loi tc dng va vi 18,7 gam hn hp X gm 3 ru n chc, c cn thu c 29,7
gam sn phm rn . Tm cng thc cu to ca mt ru c khi lng phn t nh nht.
A. C2H5OH
B. CH3OH
C. C3H7OH
D. C3H6OH
47/ Cho 2,84 gam mt hn hp hai ru n chc l ng ng lin tip nhau tc dng vi mt lng Na va , to ra
4,6 gam cht rn v V lt kh H2 ktc. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai ru trn .
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH
B. C2H5OH v C4H9OH
C. C3H7OH v C4H9OH D. Cc cu A, B, C u sai
CH3
OH
CH2
OH
(1)
(2)
(3)
Cht no thuc loi phenol?
A. (1) v (2). B. (2) v (3). C. (1) v (3). D. C (1), (2) v (3).
2/ Khi cho Phenol tc dng vi nc brom, ta thy:
A. Mt mu nu ca nc brom B. To kt ta gch
C. To kt ta trng D. To kt ta xm
bc
3/ Phn ng no sau y chng minh phenol c tnh axit yu:
A. C6H5ONa + CO2 + H2O B. C6H5ONa + Br2
C. C6H5OH + NaOH D. C6H5OH + Na
4/ Gi tn hp cht sau:
CH3
OH
A. 4-metylphenol
B. 2-metylphenol
C. 5-metylphenol
D. 3-metylphenol
5/ Nguyn nhn no sau y lm cho phenol tc dng d dng vi dung dch brom?
A. Ch do nhm OH ht electron
B. Ch do nhn benzen ht electron
C. ch do nhn benzen y electron
D. Do nhm OH y electron vo nhn benzen v nhn benzen ht electron lm tng mt electron cc v tr o- v
p6/ Dng cch no sau y phn bit phenol lng v ru etylic?
A. Cho c 2 cht cng tc dng vi Na
B. Cho c 2 cht tc dng vi NaOH
C. Cho c 2 cht th vi giy qu
D. Cho c 2 cht tc dng vi dung dch nc brom
7/ Hy chn cu pht biu sai:
A. Phenol l cht rn kt tinh d b oxi ho trong khng kh thnh mu hng nht
B. Phenol c tnh axit yu nhng mnh hn H2CO3
C. Khc vi benzen, phenol phn ng d dng vi dung dch Br2 nhit thng to thnh kt ta trng.
D. Nhm OH v gc phenyl trong phn t phenol c nh hng qua li ln nhau.
D. CH2=CH-CHO.
Xenluloz
+H2O
H+, to
men r u
men gim
+Y
xt, to
T.
Cng thc ca T l:
A. C2H5COOH.
B. C2H5COOCH3.
C. CH3COOH.
D. CH3COOC2H5.
Cu 6. t chy hon ton 0,10 mol hn hp hai axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip thu c 3,360 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 2,70 gam
H2O. S mol ca mi axit ln lt l:
A. 0,050 v 0,050.
B. 0,060 v 0,040.
C. 0,045 v 0,055.
D. 0,040 v 0,060.
Cu 7. Chiu gim dn nhit si (t tri qua phi) ca cc cht: CH 3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O l:
A. H2O, C2H5OH, CH3CHO. B. CH3CHO, H2O, C2H5OH.
C. H2O, CH3CHO, C2H5OH.
D.
CH3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O.
Cu 8. Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong.
dung dch NH3, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO3 long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO.
(sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16).
A. CH3CH2CHO.
B. CH2 = CHCHO.
C. CH3CHO.
D. HCHO.
Cu 9. X l hp cht hu c trong phn t ch cha C, H, O. X tham gia phn ng trng gng v cng tham gia phn
ng vi dung dch NaOH. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X thu c 0,3 mol gm CO2 v H2O. X l.
gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho u bng
80%). Gi tr ca m l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16).
A. 16,20.
B. 6,48.
C. 8,10.
D. 10,12.
Cu 11. Trong cc hp cht di y, hp cht no sau y c tnh axit mnh nht?
A. CH3COOH.
B. CF3COOH.
C. CCl3COOH.
D. CBr3COOH.
Cu 12. Cho 4 hp cht sau: CH3COOH, CF3COOH, CCl3COOH, CBr3COOH.
Hp cht c tnh axit mnh nht l:
A. CF3COOH.
B. CBr3COOH.
C. CH3COOH.
D. CCl3COOH.
Cu 13. Axit acrylic (CH2=CHCOOH) khng tham gia phn ng vi.
A. NaNO3.
B. H2/xt.
C. dung dch Br2.
D. Na2CO3.
Cu 14. Anehit X c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 36. S ng phn cu to c th c ca X l:
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 15. S cht c phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 l:
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 1.
D. 3.
Cu 16. A, B l 2 axit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Cho hn hp gm 4,60 gam A v 6,0 gam B tc
dng ht vi kim loi Na thu c 2,24 lt H2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca A v B ln lt l:
A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
B. C3H7COOH v C4H9COOH.
C. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
D. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
Cu 17. Cho cc cht sau: C2H5OH, CH3COOH, HCOOH, C6H5OH.
Chiu tng dn linh ng ca nguyn t H trong cc nhm chc ca 4 cht l:
A. C6H5OH, C2H5OH, CH3COOH, HCOOH.
B. C2H5OH, C6H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH.
C. C6H5OH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH.
D. C2H5OH, C6H5OH, CH3COOH, HCOOH.
Cu 18. C 3 dung dch: CH3CHO, CH3COOH, HCOOH ng trong 3 l mt nhn. Ho cht c th dng phn bit ba dung
dch trn l:
A. Qu tm, CuO.
B. qu tm, Na.
C. Qu tm, dung dch AgNO3/NH3.
D. dung dch AgNO3/NH3, CuO.
Cu 19. Cho axit axetic tc dng vi ancol etylic d (H 2SO4 c, to), kt thc th nghim thu c 0,3 mol etyl axetat vi hiu
sut phn ng l 60%. Vy s mol axit axetic cn dng l:
A. 0,5 mol.
B. 0,18 mol.
C. 0,05 mol.
D. 0,3 mol.
Cu 20. Cho 4,52 gam hn hp X gm C2H5OH, C6H5OH, CH3COOH tc dng va vi Na thy thot ra 896 ml kh ( ktc)
v m gam hn hp rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,44 gam.
B. 6,36 gam.
C. 5,40 gam.
D. 6,28 gam.
Cu 21. Chia a gam CH3COOH thnh hai phn bng nhau.
Phn 1: trung ha va bi 0,5 lt dung dch NaOH 0,4M.
Phn 2: thc hin phn ng este ha vi C2H5OH thu c m gam este (gi s hiu sut phn ng l 100%). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,8 gam.
B. 35,2 gam.
C. 21,2 gam.
D. 17,6 gam.
Cu 22. t chy mt hn hp cc ng ng ca anehit ta thu c s mol CO2 = s mol H2O th l dy ng
ng:
A. Anehit hai chc no.
B. Anehit n chc no.
C. anehit khng no, n chc.
D. Anehit vng no.
Cu 23. t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO 2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng
gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit.
A. no, n chc.
B. no, hai chc.
C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc.
D. khng no c hai ni i, n chc..
Cu 25. Khi cho glixerol tc dng vi hn hp 2 axit etanoic v metanoic. S lng sn phm c th to thnh ca
phn ng este l:
A. 16 sn phm.
B. 17 sn phm.
Cu 26. Cho s phn ng sau:
C. 14 sn phm.
D. 15 sn phm.
H 2 d
O2 ,xt
CuO,t
X
Y
Z
axit isobutiric .
Ni,t 0
Bit X, Y, Z l cc hp cht hu c khc nhau v X cha no. Cng thc cu to ca X l cht no sau y?
A. (CH3)2C=CHCHO.
B. CH3-H(CH3)CH2OH. C. (CH3)3CCHO.
D. CH2=C(CH3)CHO.
Cu 27. un nng 18 gam CH3COOH vi 9,2 gam C2H5OH c mt H2SO4 c. Kt thc th nghim thu c 10,56 gam este.
Hiu sut phn ng este ho bng.
D. 80%.
B.
CH3COOCH3,
CH3CH2CH2OH,
D.
CH3COOH,
CH3COOCH3,
C. 3.
D. 1,2.
Cu 35. C bao nhiu ng phn anehit c cng thc phn t C5H10O?
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Cu 36. Cho 4 axit:
CH3COOH
(X),
Cl2CHCOOH
(Y)
ClCH2COOH
(Z),
BrCH2COOH
(T)
Chiu tng dn tnh axit ca cc axit cho l:
A. Y, Z, T, X.
B. T, Z, Y, X.
C. X, T, Z, Y.
D. X, Z, T, Y.
Cu 37. trung ha 6,72 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc Y, cn dng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 2,24%. Cng thc ca Y l:
A. CH3COOH.
B. C2H5COOH.
C. C3H7COOH.
D. HCOOH.
Cu 38. Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 tc dng vi NaOH to thnh cht Y c cng thc phn t C4H7O2Na. X l loi cht
no di y?
A. Axit.
B. Phenol.
C. Ancol.
D. Este.
Cu 39. Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol etylic (Z) v imetyl ete (T). Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo
chiu tng dn nhit si l:
A. T, Z, Y, X.
B. T, X, Y, Z.
C. Z, T, Y, X.
D. Y, T, X, Z.
Cu 40. Brom phn ng vi axit butiric (X) sinh ra CH 3CHBrCH2COOH (Y) hoc CH3CH2CHBrCOOH (Z) hoc
BrCH2CH2CH2COOH (T) ty theo iu kin phn ng. Chiu tng dn tnh axit (t tri qua phi) ca cc axit trn l:
A. T, Z, Y, X.
B. X, Y, Z, T.
C. Y, Z, T, X.
D. X, T, Y, Z.
Cu 41. Hp cht hu c X (CxHyOz) c phn t khi nh hn 90 g/mol. X tham gia phn ng trng gng v c th tc dng vi
H2/Ni, t0, sinh ra mt ancol c cacbon bc bn trong phn t. Cng thc ca X l:
A. (CH3)3CCH2CHO.
B. (CH3)2CHCHO.
C. (CH3)3CCHO.
D. (CH3)2CHCH2CHO.
Cu 42. Cho cc cht: HCN, H2, dung dch KMnO4, dung dch Br2. S cht c phn ng vi C2H5CHO l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 43. Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng thu
c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu
gn ca X l (cho Na = 23, Ag = 108).
A. CH3CH(OH)CHO.
B. OHC-CHO.
C. CH3CHO.
D. HCHO.
Cu 44. Trong cng nghip anehit fomic c iu ch trc tip t cht no di y?
A. Cacbon.
B. Metyl axetat.
C. Metanol.
D. Etanol.
D. (C4H7O2)n.
Cu 48. Phn 1: Cho phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 21,6 gam bc kim loi.
trung ha hon ton phn 2 cn 200,0 ml dung dch NaOH 1,0M.
Cng thc ca hai axit l:
A. CH3COOH, C2H5COOH. B. CH3COOH, C3H7COOH.
C. HCOOH, C3H7COOH. D.
HCOOH,
C2H5COOH.
Cu 49. phn bit axit fomic v axetic c th dng.
A. Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng.
B. CaCO3.
C. AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3.
D. Dung dch NH3.
Cu 50. Hp cht hu c A cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, trong cacbon chim 50% khi lng. Trong A ch c mt loi nhm chc, khi
cho 1 mol A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d ta thu c 4 mol Ag. Cng thc cu to ca A l:
A. OHC-(CH2)2-CHO.
B. (CHO)2.
C. OHC-CH2-CHO.
D. HCHO.
Cu 51. Hp cht.
CH2 CH
C CH2 CH3
O
c tn gi l:
A. imetyl xeton.
B. Vinyletyl xeton.
C. Etylvinyl xeton.
D. Penten-3-ol.
Cu 52. S bin i tnh cht axit ca dy CH3COOH, CH2ClCOOH, CHCl2COOH l:
A. gim.
B. tng.
C. khng thay i.
D. va gim va tng.
Cu 53. Cht hu c X n chc trong phn t c cha C,H,O. t chy 1 mol X to ra khng qu.
1 mol CO2. Bit X c phn ng vi Na, NaOH, Na2CO3 v X c phn ng trng gng. X l.
A. anehit axetic.
B. axit axetic.
C. anehit fomic.
D. axit fomic.
Cu 54. Cng thc chung ca axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h l:
A. CnH2n+2O2.
B. CnH2n+1O2.
C. CnH2nO2.
D. CnH2n1O2.
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O.
Cu 55. Xt phn ng: CH3COOH + C2H5OH
C2H5OH + O2
2CH3COOH . B.
CH3COOCH3 + H 2O
C2H2 + H2O
xt, t 0
CH3CHO
enzim
CH3COOH + CH 3OH .
[O]
xt
CH3COOH .
C.
D.
CH3COOH + H2O .
Cu 69. Cho 10 gam fomalin tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d, sau phn ng thu c 54 gam kt ta (coi nng ca axit
fomic trong fomalin l khng ng k). Nng % ca anehit fomic l:
A. 37,5%.
B. 37%.
C. 39,5%.
D. 75%.
Cu 70. Nhit si ca cc axit cacboxylic cao hn ca anehit, xeton, ancol c cng s nguyn t C l do.
A. cc axit cacboxylic u l cht lng hoc cht rn.
B. axit cacboxylic cha nhm C=O v nhm OH.
C. s phn cc nhm cacboxyl v s to thnh lin kt hiro lin phn t cc phn t axit.
D. phn t khi ca axit ln hn v nguyn t H ca nhm axit linh ng hn.
Cu 71. Ch dng mt ha cht no di y phn bit hai bnh mt nhn cha kh C 2H2 v HCHO?
A. Dung dch Br2.
B. Cu(OH)2.
C. Dung dch NaOH.
D. Dung dch AgNO3/NH3.
Cu 72. X v Y l hai axit hu c no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng. Cho hn hp gm 2,30 gam X
v 3,0 gam Y tc dng ht vi K d thu c 1,12 lt H2 ( ktc). Cng thc ca hai axit l:
A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
B. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
C. C3H7COOH v C4H9COOH.
D. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
Cu 73. Cho hn hp gm 0,10 mol HCOOH v 0,20 mol HCHO tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d th khi lng Ag
thu c l:
A. 216,0 gam.
B. 10,80 gam.
C. 64,80 gam.
D. 108,0 gam.
Cu 74. iu ch anehit t ancol bng mt phn ng, ngi ta dng.
A. ancol bc 2.
B. ancol bc 1.
C. ancol bc 1 v ancol bc 2.
D. ancol bc 3.
Cu 75. 10,6 gam hn hp hai axit n chc phn ng va vi 200 ml NaOH 1M. Khi lng.
C. 20 gam.
Cl2 ,as
vi ti xt
dd NaOH, t
CuO, t
CH3COONa
X
Y
Z
T .
1:1
t0
D. 5,3gam.
+ Cl2, as
1:1
+NaOH, t o
+CuO, to
+ dd AgNO3/NH 3
T.
trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l.
A. 55%.
B. 75%.
C. 62,5%.
C6H5-
D. 50%.
Cu 84. Cho 2,9 gam anehit X c t khi hi so vi H 2 bng 29,0 tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng
thc cu to thu gn ca X l:
A. CH2=CHCHO.
B. CH3CHO.
C. (CHO)2.
D. CH3CH2CHO.
Cu 85. Cho cc thuc th sau: Na; K; AgNO3/NH3; Cu(OH)2/OH . S thuc th c th dng phn bit 2 bnh ring bit, mt
nhn ng ancol etylic 45o v dung dch fomalin l:
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 4.
2
Cu 86. T khi hi ca anhit X so vi H bng 29. Bit 2,9 gam X tc dng vi dung dch.
AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 10,8 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH3 - CH2 - CHO.
B. CH2 = CH - CHO.
C. CH2 = CHCH2CHO. D. OHC - CHO.
Cu 87. Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH 3, un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho
X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l:
A. CH3CHO.
B. HCHO.
C. OHC-CH2-CHO.
D. (CHO)2.
Cu 88. Axit no di y c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2/OH khi un nng cho kt ta gch?
A. Axit fomic.
B. Axit stearic.
C. Axit acrylic.
D. Axit oxalic.
Cu 89. t chy hon ton 6,0 gam axit cacboxylic X ri dn ton b sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh (1) ng axit H 2SO4 c,
d v bnh (2) ng dung dch NaOH c, d. Kt thc th nghim, bnh (1) tng 3,6 gam; bnh (2) tng 8,8 gam. Cng thc cu
to ca X l:
A. HOOCCOOH.
B. CH3COOH.
C. HCOOH.
D. CH2=CHCOOH.
Cu 90. trung ho 8,8 gam mt axit cacboxylic c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh thuc dy ng ng ca axit axetic cn
100,0 ml dung dch NaOH 1,0M. Cng thc cu to c th c ca axit cacboxylic l:
A. CH3CH2CH2COOH. B. CH3CH(CH3)COOH.
C. CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH. D.
CH3 CH2COOH.
Cu 91. iu ch axit trc tip t anehit ta c th dng cht oxi ha no sau y?
A. Cu(OH)2/OH-, to.
B. O2 (Mn2+, to).
C. Dung dch AgNO3/NH3.
D. Dung dch AgNO3/NH3 hoc Cu(OH)2/OH-, to.
n H 2O
n CO2
=1 .
B.
n H 2O
n CO2
>1 .
C.
n H 2O
n CO2
<1 .
D.
n H2O
n CO2
1
= .
2
Cu 96. X l hp cht hu c (cha C, H, O) trong hiro chim 2,439% v khi lng. t chy hon ton X thu c s mol
nc bng s mol X, mt khc bit 1 mol X phn ng va vi 4 mol AgNO 3 trong dung dch amoniac. Cng thc cu to c th
c ca X l:
A. HCC-CHO.
B. HCHO.
C. CH3CHO.
D. OHC-CC-CHO.
Cu 97. Hn hp X gm hai axit hu c no. t chy 0,3 mol hn hp X thu c 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc). Nu trung ha
0,3 mol hn hp X th cn 500ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Cng thc cu to ca hai axit l:
A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
B. HCOOH v HOOC - COOH. C.
CH3COOH
D. CH3COOH v HOOC - COOH.
C3H7COOH.
Cu 98. Axit cacboxylic no, mch h X c cng thc thc nghim (C3H4O3)n, vy cng thc phn t ca X l.
A. C9H12O9.
B. C3H4O3.
C. C12H16O12.
D. C6H8O6.
Cu 99. trung ho 3,6 gam mt axit n chc (X) cn 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Tn gi ca X l:
A. axit fomic.
B. axit metacylic.
C. Axit crylic.
D. axit axetic.
Cu 100. C4H8O2 c bao nhiu ng phn axit?
A. 3 ng phn.
B. 1 ng phn.
C. 4 ng phn.
D. 2 ng phn.
Cu 101. Cho hn hp HCHO v H2 d i qua ng ng bt Ni un nng thu c hn hp X. Dn ton b sn phm thu c
vo bnh nc lnh thy khi lng bnh tng 11,80 gam. Ly ton b dung dch trong bnh cho tc dng vi dung dch
AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 21,60 gam Ag. Khi lng ancol c trong X l gi tr no di y?
A. 1,03 gam.
B. 8,30 gam.
C. 9,30 gam.
D. 10,30 gam.
Cu 102. Hp cht C4H6O3 c th tc dng vi natri gii phng H2, tc dng vi NaOH v c phn.
BI TP ANEHIT T CC I HC
Cu 1(HA 2007):
Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3/NH3 un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ha
X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. HCHO
B. CH3CHO
C. OHC-CHO
D. CH3CH(OH)CHO
Cu 2 (HA 2007):
Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit n chc X, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO 3/NH3 un nng . Lng
Ag sinh ra phn ng ht vi axit HNO 3 long thy thot ra 2,24 lit kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. A. HCHO
B. CH3CHO
C. CH3CH2CHO
D. C2H3CHO
Cu 3 (HA 2008):
Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi
CuO (d) nung nng, thu c hn hp rn Zv hn hp hi Y. Cho Y tc dung vi dung dch
AgNO3/NH3 d, un nng thu c 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr m l:
A. 7,4 gam
B. 7,8 gam
C. 8,8 gam
D. 9,2 gam
Cu 4 (HA 2008):
Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO 3/NH3 un nng, thu c
m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lit NO2 (sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l:
A. HCHO
B. C2H5CHO
C. C3H7CHO
D. C4H9CHO
Cu 5 (HA 2009):
Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H 2 qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y thu c 11,7 gam H 2O v
7,84 lit kh CO2 (ktc). Phn trm th tch H2 trong X l:
A. 35,00%
B. 46,15%
C. 53,85%
D. 65,00%
Cu 6 (HA 2009):
Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra anehit axetic l:
A. CH3COOH, C2H2, C2H4
B. C2H5OH, C2H4, C2H2
C. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5
D. HCOOC2H5, C2H2, CH3COOH
Cu 7(HA 2009):
Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3/NH3thu c 54 gam
Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H 2 d (xc tc Ni, t0) th 0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25
mol H2. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l:
A. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0)
B. CnH2n+1 CHO (n 0)
C. CnH2n -1 CHO (n 2)
D. CnH2n-3 CHO (n 2)
Cu 8(HB 2009):
Hiro ha hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng thu c (m+1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cng m gam
X th cn va 17,19 lit O2 (ktc). Ga tr ca m l:
A. 8,8
B. 10,5
C. 17,8
D. 24,8
THI TRC NGHIM ANDEHIT- AXIT CACBOXYLIC
Cu 1: Oxi hoa ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thanh anehit cn va u 4,8 gam CuO. Cho toan b lng anehit trn tac dung vi
lng d dung dich AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 23,76 gam Ag. Hai ancol la :
A. C2H5OH, C2H5CH2OH
B. C2H5OH, C3H7CH2OH
C. CH3OH, C2H5CH2OH
D. CH3OH, C2H5OH
Cu 2: Axeton c iu ch bng cach oxi hoa cumen nh oxi, sau o thuy phn trong dung dich H 2SO4 loang. thu c 145 gam axeton
thi lng cumen cn dung (gia s hiu sut qua trinh iu ch at 75%) la
A. 300 gam
B. 500 gam
C. 400 gam
D. 600 gam
A. pentanal
B. 2 metylbutanal
C. 2,2 imetylpropanal.
D. 3 metylbutanal.
Cu 7: Oxi ho khng hon ton ancol isopropylic bng CuO nung nng, thu c cht hu c X. Tn gi ca X l
A. metyl phenyl xeton
B. propanal
C. metyl vinyl xeton
D. imetyl xeton
Cu 8: Cho 4,6 gam mt ancol no, n chc phn ng vi CuO nung nng, thu c 6,2 gam hn hp X gm anehit, nc v ancol d. Cho
ton b lng hn hp X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/ NH3, thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,2
B. 43,2
C. 10,8
D. 21,6
Cu 9: Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho
phn ng ht vi axit HNO3 long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc ca X l
A. CH3CHO.
B. HCHO.
C. CH3CH2CHO.
D. CH2 = CHCHO.
Cu 10: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO 3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho
X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCHO.
B. CH3CHO.
C. OHC-CHO.
D. CH3CH(OH)CHO.
Cu 11: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, l:
A. anehit axetic, butin-1, etilen.
B. anehit axetic, axetilen, butin-2.
C. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin.
D. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen.
Cu 12: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO 2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt
phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit
A. no, n chc.
B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc.
C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc.
D. no, hai chc.
Cu 13: Oxi ha hon ton 20,4 g hn hp hai andehit k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, ngi ta thu c hn hp hai axit cacboxylic no n
chc. trung ha hn hp axit ny cn phi dng 200ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Cng thc cu to ca hai andehit l:
A. HCHO; CH3CHO
B. CH3CHO; CH3CH2CHO
C. C2H5CHO; C3H7CHO
D.CH3CH(CH3)CHO; CH3CH(CH3)CH2CHO
Cu 14: Pht biu no sau y lun ng v anehit: Anehit l hp cht hu c:
A. Ch c tnh kh
B. Ch c tnh oxi ha
C. Khng c tnh oxi ha v khng c tnh kh .
D. Va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh
Cu 15: Oxi ho 1,2 gam CH3OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp sn phm X (gm HCHO, H 2O v CH3OH d).
Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ho CH3OH l
A. 76,6%.
B. 80,0%.
C. 65,5%.
D. 70,4%.
Cu 16: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c mt
hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y (c t khi hi so vi H 2 l 13,75). Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch
NH3 un nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,8.
B. 7,4
C. 9,2
D. 8,8
Cu 17: Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag.
Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l
A. C3H7CHO.
B. HCHO.
C. C2H5CHO.
D. C4H9CHO.
Cu 18: S ng phn xeton ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10O l
A. 5.
B. 4
C. 3
D. 6
Cu 19: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to thnh l
A. 21,6 gam.
B. 10,8 gam.
C. 43,2 gam.
D. 64,8 gam
Cu 20: t chy hon ton mt anehit X, thu c s mol CO 2 bng s mol H2O. Nu cho X tc dng vi lng d
AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, sinh ra s mol Ag gp bn ln s mol X phn ng. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCHO.
B. (CHO)2.
C. CH3CHO.
D. C2H5CHO.
Cu 21: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc X va axit cacboxylic n chc Y, u mach h v co cung s nguyn t
C, tng s mol cua hai cht la 0,5 mol (s mol cua Y ln hn s mol cua X). Nu t chay hoan toan M thi thu c
33,6 lit khi CO2 (ktc) va 25,2 gam H2O. Mt khac, nu un nong M vi H2SO4 c thc hin phan ng este hoa
(hiu sut la 80%) thi s gam este thu c la
BI TP HA HU C
Phn 1: i cng hu c
CHNG 5: HIDROCACBON NO
I.T LUN
1.a.Vit CTCT ca cc cht sau:4-etyl-3,3-imetylhecxan;4-etyl-2,3,3-trimetylheptan;3,5-ietyl-2,2,3-trimetyloctan
1,1-imetylxiclopropan;1-etyl-1-metylxiclohexan;1-metyl-4-isopropylxiclohexan
b.Gi tn IUPAC ca cc ankan c CT sau:CH 3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3;CH3-CHBr-CH(C2H5)-CH3;(CH3)2CH-CH2-C(CH3)3;CH3-CH2CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)2; CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(C2H5)-CH2-C(CH3)3;CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH3;
c.Vit CTCT v gi tn cc ng phn ca cc cht c CTPT:C 4H10;C3H7Cl
2.Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
a.Tch 1 phn t H2 t phn t propan
b.t chy nonan
c.Sc kh xiclopropan vo dung dch brom
d.Dn hn hp xiclobutan v xiclopentan v hidro i vo trong ng c bt niken un nng.
e.un nng xiclohexan vi brom theo t l mol 1:1
f.Isobutan tc dng vi clo(theo t l mol1:1) khi chiu sng
3.Mt ankan c thnh phn nguyn t %C=84,21.Xc nh CTPT ca ankan .
4.t chy hon ton 1,2 lt ankan th kh A cn dng va ht 6,0 lt O2 ly cng iu kin.
a.Xc nh CTPT ca A.
b.Cho A tc dng vi kh Cl 2 250c v c nh sng.Thu c my dn xut monoclo ca A.Cho bit tn v dn xut no thu c
nhiu hn.
5. t chy hon ton 1,45g mt ankan phi dng va ht 3,64 lt O 2 (ktc).
n H 2O
nCO2
> 1 . Vy A thuc dy ng ng
A. ankan.
B. anken.
C. ankin.
D. xicloankan.
2. Hn hp X gm hai ankan ng ng k tip c t khi so vi oxi bng 1,125. Vy CTPT ca hai ankan l
A. C3H8 v C4H10.
B. CH4 v C3H8.
C. CH4 v C2H6.
D. C2H6 v C3H8.
3. Di tc dng ca nhit v c mt cht xc tc, butan cho sn phm l:
A. C4H8, H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6 v C3H6
B. H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6 v C3H6
C. C4H8, H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6 v C3H8
D. CH4, C2H4, C2H6 v C3H6
4.t chy hon ton 2 Hidro cacbon X, Y lin tip trong dy ng ng thu c 8,4 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 6,75g H2O. X, Y thuc dy
ng ng sau y:
a. Aren
b. Ankan
c. Anken
d. Ankin
5. Mt hn hp gm 2 cht ng ng ankan k tip c khi lng 24,8 g, th tch tng ng l 11,2l (ktc). CTPT ca 2 Hidro
cacbon l:
a. C4H10, C5H12
b.C3H8, C4H10
c. C2H6, C3H8
d. C5H12, C6H14
6.. Hidro cacbon X c 25% H v khi lng, X c CTPT no sau y
a. CH4 b.C2H6
c.C2H4
d.C3H8
7.. Khi cho metyl xiclopentan tc dng vi Clo trong iu kin chiu sng. S dn xut monoclo thu c l:
a. 6
b. 5
c. 4
d. 3
8. t chy hon ton hn hp cc hidroccbon cng dy ng ng thu c s mol nc ln hn s mol kh cacbonic. ng
ng ca cc hidrocacbon l:
A. ankin
B. ankan
C. ankylbenzen
D. anken
9. Cng thc cu to CH3 CH CH2 - CH3 ng vi tn gi no sau y .
CH3
A. 2- metyl butan
B. 1,1 di metyl propan
C. neo- pentan
D. izo butan
10. Trong cc dy cht sau, dy cht no l ng ng ca ankan?
A. CH4, C3H8, C4H10, C6H14
B. CH4, C3H6, C4H10, C6H14
CH CH2
b) CnH2n-8
Cu 7: Naptalen (
a) C10H6
c) CnH2n-10
d) CnH2n-6-2k
c) C10H12
d) Tt c u khng ng
b) 9
c) 10
d) 7
Cu 10:Cho hn hp A gm cc hi v kh: 0,1 mol Benzen; 0,2 mol Toluen; 0,3 mol Stiren v 1,4 mol Hiro vo mt
bnh kn, c cht xc tc Ni. un nng bnh kn mt thi gian, thu c hn hp B gm cc cht: Xiclohexan, Metyl
xiclohexan, Etyl xiclohexan, Benzen, Toluen, Etyl benzen v Hiro. t chy hon ton lng hn hp B trn, ri cho
hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi c d, hp th ht sn phm chy. tng khi lng
bnh ng nc vi l:
a) 240,8 gam
b) 260,2 gam
c) 193,6 gam
Cu 11: Cho 6,9 gam mt ankylbenzen X phn ng vi brom (xc tc Fe) thu c 10,26 gam hn ho 2 dn xut
monobrom. Bt mi dn xut monobrom u cha 46,784% brom trong phn t.
a. X, Y l:
A. toluen; p-brmtoluen v m-bromtoluen
B.toluen; p-brmtoluen v o-bromtoluen
C. Etylbenzen; p-brometyletylbenzen v m-bromtoluen
D.Etylbenzen; p-brometyletylbenzen v o-bromtoluen
b. Hiu sut chung ca qu trnh brom ho l:
A.60%
B.70%
C.80%
D.85%
Cu 12: Hiro ho 49gam hn hp A gm benzen v naphtalenbng H2(xc tc thch hp ) thu c 39,72 gam hn hp
sn phm B gm xiclohexan v calin
a. Thnh phn % khi lng ca xiclohexan trong B (ga thit hiu sut hiro ho benzen v naphtalen ln lt bng
70%, 80%) l:
A. 29,6%
B. 33,84%
C. 44,41%
D. 50,76%
b. Th tch H2 phn ng (ktc):
A. 11,2 lt
B. 32,032 lt
C. 34,048 lt
D. 42,56 lt
Cu 13: hiro ho etylbenzen thu c stiren vi hiu sut l 60%. hiro ho butan thu c butaien vi hiu
sut l 45%. Trng hp butaien v stiren thu c sn phm A c tnh n hi rt cao vi hiu sut 75%. iu ch
c 500kg sn phm A cn khi lng butan v etylbezen l bao nhiu kg?
A. 544 v 745
B.754 v 544
C. 335,44 v 183,54
D. 183,54 v 335,44
Cu 14: t chy hon ton 26,5 gam mt ankylbezen X cn 29,4 lt khng kh (ktc). Oxi ho X thu c axit
benzoic. Gi thit khng kh cha 20% oxi v 80% nit. X l:
A. toluen
B. o-metyltoluen
C. eylbenzen
D. o-etyltoluen
Cu 15: hiro ho 13,25 gam etylbenzen thu oc 10,4 gam stiren, trng hp lng stiren ny thu c hn ho A
gm polistiren vaf stiren d. Lng A tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch Brom 03M.
a. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l:
A. 75%
B. 80%
C. 85%
D. 90%
b. Hi sut ca phn ng trng hp l:
A. 60%
B70%
C. 75%
D. 85%
HIDROCACBON NO
1. Ankan Y c cng thc phn t l C6H14.
a/ Vit CTCT, gi tn cc ng phn ca Y.
b/ S ng phn dn xut monoclo thu c khi thc hin phn ng th halogen vo Y l 2. Xc nh
CTCT ca Y.
2. Khi t chy mt hidrocacbon, t l s mol CO2 v nc l 0,8. Xc nh CTPT ca hidrocacbon
3. Tm CTPT ca ankan trong mi trng hp sau:
a. Khi lng ring ca ankan 30oC v 75 mmHg l 2,308 g/lit
b. T khi hi so vi oxi l 2,25
c. %H=16,28
d. t chy 3g ankan thu c 5,4 g nc
Vit CTCT, gi tn cc ankan ng phn ng vi cc CTPT tm c mi trng hp
S. A. C4H10
b. C5H12
c. C6H14
d. C3H8
4. Ankan Y c hm lng cacbon l 84,21%. Y phn ng vi Cl 2 ( 1:1) trong nh sng ch cho mt dn xut
monoclo duy nht. Cng thc cu to v tn gi ca Y ?
5. Ankan X th kh, X tc dng vi Cl 2 theo t l mol 1 : 1, c chiu sng thu c dn xut clo Y cha
70,3% clo theo khi lng. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca X v Y
6. Ankan X khi t chy trong oxi nguyn cht thy th tch cc kh v hi sinh ra bng th tch cc kh tham
gia phn ng (cc th tch o cng iu kin). Xc nh CTPT ca X
7. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan trong mi trng hp sau:
a. t chy hon ton ankan vi mt lng oxi va , tng th tch cc sn phm bng 7/6 tng th tch cc
cht tham gia ( cng iu kin nhit , p sut)
b. Khi clo ha ankan thu c mt dn xut monoclo cha 33,33% clo v khi lng.
nCO2
nH 2O
9. t chy hon ton 1,44g cht hu c A thu c 2,24 lit kh CO 2 (kc) v 2,16g nc. T khi hi ca A
vi Hidro l 36
a/ Xc nh CTPT, CTCT c th c ca A ng vi cc ng phn
b/ A l ng phn no khi A tc dng vi Clo (chiu sng) theo t l mol 1:1 to 4 sn phm th
10. t chy 2 lt mt ankan A (th kh) to sn phm c 8 lt CO 2 (cc th tch o cng iu kin nhit ,
p sut)
a/ Xc nh CTPT, CTCT c th c ca A
b/ A l ng phn no bit khi Clo ha (iu kin chiu sng) theo t l mol 1:1 to 2 dn xut mono clo.
c/ t chy hon ton 5,8g A, sn phm chy hp th ht vo 200ml dd NaOH 3M hi to mui g? Khi
lng bao nhiu?
11. t chy hon ton a mol hn hp gm 2 ankan lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng cn 1,18mol oxi, thu
c 0,72 mol CO2. Xc nh CTPT 2 ankan
12. t chy hon ton 3,36 lt (kc) hn hp 2 ankan lin tip thu c 4,48 lt CO 2 (kc). Xc nh CTPT
hai ankan
13. t chy hon ton 1,12 lt (kc) hn hp 2 ankan lin tip nhau thu c 4,14g nc.
a) Xc nh CTPT hai ankan
b) Dn sn phm chy qua dung dch nc vi trong d thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta?
14. t chy hon ton 1,46g hn hp X gm hai ankan ng ng k tip nhau thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (kc).
Tm CTPT ca ankan v th tch oxi cn dng.
15. Mt hn hp X th kh gm 2 hidocacbon lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy 1mol hn hp X
cn 5,9 mol oxi v thu c 3,6 mol CO2. Xc nh CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon
16. Mt hn hp X gm 2 ankan lin tip, c t khi hi so vi hidro l 16,75. Tm CTPT v % th tch mi
ankan. (S: C2H6 75% v C3H8 25%)
17. Hn hp X gm 2 ankan l ng ng k tip nhau c khi lng 20,6g v c th tch bng th tch ca
14g kh nit (o cng iu kin nhit , p sut)
a/ Xc nh CTPT, gi tn 2 ankan
b/ Tnh % th tch 2 ankan trong hn hp
18. t chy m gam ankan, ton b sn phm hi chy qua bnh cha dung dch Ca(OH) 2, bnh tng ln 32,8
gam v c 30g kt ta xut hin. un nng phn nc lc thy xut hin thm 10g kt ta na. Tnh m v
xc nh CTPT ca ankan (S: C5H12; m=7,2g)
19. t chy a gam ankan, ton b sn phm chy dn qua nc vi trong d thu c 30g kt ta. Lng
nc vi cn li (sau khi tch kt ta) nh hn lng nc vi ban u l 8,7g. Tm CTPT ca ankan
20. t chy ht 1,152 g mt hidrocacbon mch h ri cho sn phm vo dung dch Ba(OH) 2 thu c 3,94 g
kt ta v dung dch B. un nng dung dch B li thy kt ta xut hin, lc ly kt ta ln 2 em nung n
khi lng khng i thu c 4,59 g cht rn. Xc nh cng thc ca hidrocacbon?
21. t chy ht V lt C4H10 (kc), cho sn phm chy hp th ht vo 200ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 1M thu c
19,7 gam kt ta. Xc nh gi tr ca V
22. t chy hon ton hn hp kh gm hai hidrocacbon cng dy ng ng k tip nhau. Cho ton b sn
phm chy li chm qua bnh (1) cha dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d v bnh (2) cha H2SO4 m c d mc ni
tip. Kt qu khi lng bnh (1) tng 6,12g v bnh (2) tng thm 0,62 g. Trong bnh (1) thu c 19,7g
kt ta. Xc nh cng thc phn t hai hidrocacbon.
HIROCACBON KHNG NO
1. C 3 ng phn anken. Thc nghim cho thy rng 7g mi cht lm mt mu dung dch brom c cha 16g
brom
a/ Xc nh CTPT 3 ng phn
c/ Vit CTCT, gi tn. Bit 3 ng phn khi tc dng vi H2 (xt Ni, toC) cho sn phm
2-metylpentan
2. A l mt anken c mch C phn nhnh
+ m gam cht A tc dng ht vi dung dch brom to 32,4g dn xut brom ca A
+ m gam cht A tc dng va vi 3,694 lt H2 27,3oC, p sut 1atm (xt Ni)
a/ Tnh th tch anken A (kc) ng vi m gam
b/ Xc nh CTPT, CTCT v gi tn A
3. Hn hp X gm 2 anken A v B; khi lng mol ca B ln hn ca A l 14g. Khi ly 7,388 lt X 27,3oC,
1atm cho tc dng ht vi dung dch brom thy khi lng bnh brom tng 14,7g. Xc nh CTPT ca A, B
v % th tch mi cht trong hn hp u.
4. Hn hp X gm 2 anken khi lng phn t hn km nahu 14 vC. Cho 8,96 27,3oC, 1atm lt (kc) hn
hp X i qua bnh ng dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh brom tng 14g. Xc nh CTPT v % th
tch mi cht trong hn hp u
5. Cho 4,48 lt hn hp 2 hidrocacbon kh, mch h qua dung dch brom d, lng brom phn ng l 8gam v
thy thot ra 3,36 lt kh (kc). Xc nh CTCT hai hidrocacbon bit hn hp 2 hidrocacbon c t khi hi so
vi hidro bng 21,75
6. Dng 160 lt ru etylic 96o (khi lng ring ca ru etylic nguyn cht l 0,8g/ml) iu ch butadien
(hiu sut phn ng 90%
Tnh lng butadien iu ch c
Bit ru etylic 96o c ngha l 100 ml dung dch ru c 96ml ru tinh khit
7. Nhit phn 4,48 dm3 (kc) kh metan nhit 1500oC thu c hn hp X trong ankin to thnh chim
18,75% th tch
a/ Tnh hiu sut phn ng nhit phn
b/ Hn hp X cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d hi to bao nhiu gam kt ta?
8. Cho m gam canxi cacbua k thut tc dng vi nc d to thnh 13,44 lt kh (kc)
a/ Tnh m bit canxi cacbua k thut cha 80% CaC2
b/ Tnh th tch khng kh (kc) cn t chy ht lng kh trn bit oxi chim 20% th tch khng kh.
9. Hn hp hai ankin ng ng k tip nhau c t khi i vi hidro l 2,75. Xc nh CTPT v % th tich mi
ankin trong hn hp u
10. dn 17,4 g hn hp kh x gm propin v but-2-in li tht chm qua bnh ng dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thy
c 44,1g kt ta xut hin. Xc nh% th tch cc kh trong hn hp u.
11. Trong mt bnh kn chu nhit cha hidrocacbon kh X v H2, xc tc Ni. Nung nng bnh, phn ng xy ra
hon ton trong bnh ch cn hidrocacbon Y duy nht. t chy Y, sn phm chy c hp th ht bng
cch cho t t qua bnh ng CaCl2 d khan ri qua bnh ng dd KOH d, khi lng bnh CaCl2 tng
13,2g, bnh KOH tng 8,1g
Xc nh CTPT ca X, Y; bit dY/X=15/13
12. t chy hon ton CxHy (A) cn dng 5,376 lit O2 ktc. Ly ton b sn phm chy cho qua bnh 1 cha
H2SO4 c v bnh 2 cha Ca(OH)2 d th thy bnh 1 tng ln 4,32 gam cn ti bnh 2 thu c m gam kt
ta.
a. Tnh m.
b. Xc nh dy ng ng ca A.
c. Tm CTPT ca A.
13. t chy hon ton mt CxHy thu c 11,2 lit CO2 v 10,8 gam H2O.
a. Tm CTPT ca A.
b. Khi cho A tc dng vi Br2 theo t l 1:1 1000C thu c 4 dn xut cha mt nguyn t Br trong phn t.
Xc nh CTCT v gi tn A.
14. t chy hon ton 0,06 mol 2 hidrocacbon no, mch h ng ng k tip nhau. Ly ton b sn phm
cho qua bnh 1 cha P2O5 d v bnh 2 cha dd Ba(OH)2 d th bnh mt tng ln 3,42 gam v ti bnh 2 thu
c m gam kt ta.
a. Tnh m gam.
b. Tm CTPT v tnh % th tch ca hai hidrocacbon.
15. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol CxHy. Ly sn phm cho vo bnh cha 400ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,5M thu
c 10 gam kt ta, ng thi bnh dung dch tng ln 18,6 gam. Xc nh CTPT ca C xHy.
16. Mt hn hp A gm 2 hidrocacbon th kh k bnh thng, c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 28 n
v. t chy hon ton A, ly sn phm cho vo bnh dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thu c 30 gam kt ta v bnh
dung dch tng ln 22,2 gam.
a. Xc nh CTPT hai hidrocacbon.
b. Tnh thnh phn % v th tch ca hai hidrocacbon.
17. t chy hon ton 3,696 lt (27,30C v 1atm) hh X gm CO v CxHy (A) cn 16,8 gam O2. Ly sn phm
cho qua bnh 1 cha P2O5 v bnh 2 cha dd Ba(OH)2 d th thy bnh 1 tng ln 7,2 gam v ti bnh 2 thu
c 68,95 gam kt ta. Xc nh CTPT ca A v tnh thnh phn % th tch cc cht trong A.
18. t chy hon ton a gam C xHy (A). Ly ton b sn phm cho vo 250 g dung dch Ca(OH) 2 1M th thu
c 20,4 gam kt ta v thy khi lng dung dch sau phn ng bng khi lng dung dch trc phn
ng. Tnh a v xc nh CTPT ca A.
19. t chy hon ton m gam C xHy (A). Ly ton b sn phm cho vo 250 gam dung dch Ca(OH) 2 8,88%.
Sau phn ng thu c 20 gam kt ta v thy khi lng dung dch sau phn ng ln hn khi lng dung
dch ban u l 6,6 gam. Tnh m gam v xc nh CTPT ca A.
20. Nung nng a gam CH4 1500oC v lm lnh nhanh thu c hn hp X gm 3 kh. t chy hon ton X
thu c 14,4 gam H2O.
a. Tnh a gam.
b. Ly ton b lng hn hp X trn cho vo dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 36 gam kt ta. Tnh hiu
sut ca phn ng nhit phn.
21. t chy hon ton 3,4 gam C xHy (A) thu c 11 gam CO2. Cho A phn ng vi H2 d nung nng thu c
isopentan.
a. Xc nh CTPT ca A.
b. Ly 3,4 gam A phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 d thu c m gam kt ta. Xc nh CTCT ca A v tnh m.
22. t chy hon ton a gam ankin A thu c a gam H2O.
a. Xc nh CTCT ca A bit rng A phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3.
b. Gi B l ng phn mch h ca A. Trong B khng c 2 ni i lin nhau. B phn ng vi dd brom theo t
l 1:1 th thu c 3 ng phn. Xc nh CTCT ca B v 3 ng phn.
23. Mt hn hp A gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h c tng th tch l 0,728 lt ktc. Cho A qua dung dch
Brom d thy c 2 gam brom phn ng v c 0,02 mol kh thot ra. Nu t chy hon ton 0,728 lt A ri
cho sn phm qua bnh 1 cha 50 gam dd H 2SO4 90% th thu c dung dch c nng a% v bnh 2 cha
dd Ca(OH)2 d thu c 7,75 gam kt ta.
a. Xc nh CTPT hai hidrocacbon.
b. Tnh a%.
24. Cho 27,2 gam ankin A phn ng vi 1,4 gam H 2, xc tc Ni, nung nng. Sau phn ng thu c hh B
gm 1 ankan v 1 anken. Cho B qua dd brom d th thy c 16 gam brom phn ng.
a. Tm CTPT v CTCT ca A.
b. Cho bit A phn ng c vi dd AgNO3/NH3. Xc nh CTCT ng ca A.
BI TP ANCOL
Cu 1 (HA 2007): Cho 15,6 gam hn hp hai ancol (n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng)
tc dng ht vi 9,2 gam Na, thu c 24,5 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l:
A. C 3 H 5 OH v C 4 H 7 OH
B. C 2 H 5 OH v C 3 H 7 OH
C. C 3 H 7 OH v C 4 H 9 OH
D. CH 3 OH v C 2 H 5 OH
Cu 2 (HA 2008): Khi phn tch thnh phnmt ancol n chc X th thu c kt qu: tng khi
lng ca cacbon v hiro gp 3,625 ln khi lng oxi. S ng phn ancol ca X l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 3(HA 2008): Khi tch H2O t 3-metyl butan 2- ol, sn phm chnh thu c l:
A. 2- metyl but 3- en
B. 2-metyl but-3-en
C. 3- metyl but 2- en
D. 3- metyl but 1- en
Cu 4(HA 2009): Cho hn hp X gm 2 ancol a chc, mch h thuc cng dy ng ng. t
chy hon ton X thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l s mol 3:4. Hai ancol l:
A. C3H5(OH)3 v C4H7(OH)3
B. A. C2H5OH v C4H9OH
C. C2H4(OH)2 v C4H8(OH)2
D. A. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2
Cu 4 (HA 2009): un nng hon hp hai ancol n chc, mch h vi H2SO4 c, thu c hn
hp cc ete. Ly 7,2 gam mt trong cc ete t chy hon ton thu c 8,96 lit kh CO 2 ktc v
7,2 gam H2O. hai ancol l:
A. C2H5OH v CH2 = CH CH2 CH2 - OH
B. CH3OH v CH2 = CH CH2 CH2 - OH
C. CH3OH v C3H7OH
D. C2H5OH v CH3OH
Cu 5 (HA 2009): t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt ancol X no, mch h cn va 19,92 gamlit
kh O2 ktc. Mt khc, nu cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH) 2 to thnh dung dch
mu xanh lam. Gi tr ca m v tn gi ca X tng ng l:
A. 9,8 v propan-1,2-iol
B. 4,9 v propan-1,2-iol
C. 4,9 v v propan-1,3-iol
D. 4,9 v glixerol
Cu 6 (HB 2009): Hn hp X gm hai ancol no. n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng. Oxi ha hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thch hp, thu
c hn hp sn phmr hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi lng d AgNO 3/NH3, thu c 5,4 gam Ag.
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,1
B, 8,5
C. 13,5
D. 15,3
BI TP AXIT CACBOXYLIC
Cu 1(HA 2007):
t chy hon ton a mol hu c Y c 2a mol CO 2. Mt khc, trung ho a mol Y cn va 2a
mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l:
A. HOOC- CH2 CH2 COOH
B. C2H5COOH
C. CH3 COOH
D. HOOC COOH
OH OH
OH
OH
(axit tactric )c trong qu nho
(axit xitric hay axit limonic).
(axit malic) c trong qu to
c trong qu chanh
Tn gi khc ca cc axit trn ln lt l:
a.Axit 2,3-ihioxibutanioic, Axit 2-hiroxipropan-1,2,3-tricacboxylic ,Axit 2-hiroxibutanioic
b. Axit 2,3-ihioxibutanoic, Axit 2-hiroxibutanioic, Axit 2-hiroxipropan-1,2,3-tricacboxylic
c. Axit 2-hiroxipropan-1,2,3-tricacboxylic ,Axit 2-hiroxibutanioic, Axit 2,3-ihioxibutanoic
d. Axit 2-hiroxibutanioic, Axit 2,3-ihioxibutanoic, Axit 2-hiroxipropan-1,2,3-tricacboxylic
Bi tp phn tnh cht vt l:
Cu 13.Bn cht di y u c phn t khi l 60.Cht no c nhit si cao nht?
a.HCOOCH3
b.HOCH2CHO
c.CH3COOH
d.CH3CH2CH2OH
Cu 14. Trong 4 cht di y ,cht no d tan trong nc nht?
a.CH3CH2COOCH3
b.CH3COOCH2CH3
c.CH3CH2CH2COOH
d.CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH
Cu 15.Cho cc cht :(1).anehit axetic, (2).axit fomic, (3).ancol etylic, (4).imetyl ete v nhit si ca chng khng
theo th t l: 100,70C; 210C; -230C; 78,30C.Nhit si ca cc cht ln lt l:
a.100,70C; 210C; 78,30C -230C;.
b. 100,70C; -230C;78,30C; 210C.
c. -230C; 100,70C; 78,30C.210C;
d. 210C;100,70C; 78,30C;-230C.
Cu 16.Sp xp theo trt t tng dn nhit cho cc cht (1).anehit axetic, (2).axit fomic, (3).ancol etylic, (4).imetyl
ete
a.(4)<(1)<(3)<(2).
b. (1)<(4) <(3)<(2).
C.(1)<(3)<(2) <(4)
d.(3)<(2) <(4) <(1)
Bi tp phn tnh cht ho hc v iu ch:
Cu 17. Nhn xt no sau y l ng ?
a.Anehit v xetn u lm mt mu nc brom
b. Anehit v xetn u khng lm mt mu nc brom
c.Xetn lm mt mu nc brom cn anehit th khng
d.Anhit lm mt mu nc brom cn xetn th khng.
Cu 18.Phn ng CH3CH2OH +CuO CH3CHO +Cu+H2O thuc loi phn ng no?
a.Phn ng th
b.Phn ng cng
c.Phn ng tch
d.Khng thuc c 3 loi phn ng .
Cu 19.Anehit benzoic C6H5CHO tc dng vi kim c theo phng trnh ho hc sau:
2 C6H5CHO +KOH C6H5COOK +C6H5 CH2OH
Nhn xt no sau y ng? Trong phn ng ny :
a.anehit benzoic ch b oxi ho
b. anehit benzoic ch b kh
c. anehit benzoic khng b oxi ho ,khng b kh
d. anehit benzoic va b oxi ho ,va b kh.
Cu 20. Trong 4 cht di y,cht no phn ng c vi c 3 cht:Na, NaOH v NaHCO3?
a.C6H5OH
b.HOC6H4OH
c.HCOOC6H5
d.C6H5COOH
Cu 21.Cho cc cp cht sau: C6H5OH,C2H5OH,CH3COOH,C6H5ONa,C2H5ONa.S cp cht tc dng c vi nhau l:
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
Cu 22.Phn ng no sau y c th xy ra trong dd nc:
b.COOH v CH2COOH
c.COOH v CH2OH
d. COOH v OH
d. OH
v CH2COOH
t0
Cu 31. Y(C4H8O2)+NaOH
A1+A2 ; A2+CuO
Axeton + Tm CTCT ca Y?
a.HCOOC2H5
b.CH3COOC2H5
c.HCOOCH(CH3)2
d.C2H5COOCH3
Cu 32.Hai cht hu c X,Y c cng CTPT C3H4O2.X tc dng vi CaCO3 to CO2.Y tc dng vi Ag2O/NH3 to Ag.
Cng thc cu to ph hp ca X,Y ln lt l:
a.HCOOC2H5, CH3COOCH3
b.CH2=CHCOOH, O=CHCH2CHO
c.C2H5COOH, HCOOC2H5
d.HCOOCH=CH2, C2H5COOH.
Cu 33.Anehit axetic c iu ch theo phn ng no sau y?
H2O,Hg2+
PdCl2,CuCl2,H2O
a.CHCH
CH3CHO
b.CH2=CH2 +O2
CH3CHO
KMnO4/H2SO4
c.CH3CH2OH
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
CH3CHO
d. CH3CH2OH
CH3CHO
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
NO2
CH3
OH
a.(1),(2),(3),(4).
b.(2),(1),(3),(4).
c.(4),(3),(2),(1).
d.(2),(4),(3),(1).
Cu 38.Hy sp xp cc cht di y theo tnh axit gim dn:
(1).Axit oxalic HOOCCOOH
(2).Axit malonic HOOCCH2COOH
(3).Axit sucxinic HOOCCH2CH2COOH
a.(1),(2),(3)
b.(2),(1),(3)
c.(3),(2),(1).
d.(1),(3),(2).
Cu 39.Ancol A khi b oxi ho cho anehit B.Vy A l:
a.Ancol n chc
b.Ancol bc 1
c.Ancol bc 2
d.Ancol bc 3.
Cu 40. Axit fomic c phn ng trng gng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 v:
a.Trong phn t c nhm chc CHO
b. Trong phn t c nhm chc COOH.
c.Trong phn t c nhm chc C=O
d.C a,b,c.
b.CHCCH2CHCH2CCH
CH2CCH
d.CH3CCCHCCCH3
CH2CCH
CCCH3
Cu 44.Sn phm chnh ca phn ng sau l cht no di y?
O3,H2O
CH3CH2CH2CH2CCH
?
a.CH3(CH2)3COOH v HCHO
b. CH3(CH2)3COOH v HCOOH
c. CH3(CH2)3 CCHO
d CH 3(CH2)3 CCOOH
.
O
KMnO4
CH3
H3O+
X
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
c.
CH2OH
d.C b v c
c.COOH
d.COOH
OH
CH3
O
Cu 47.Xc nh cng thc ca C12H14 bit khi oxi ho n bng KMnO4/H2SO4 (t ) ch cho hn hp sn phm gm:
0
CH3COOH v
a.
CH2CCH
CCCH3
COOH
COOH
b.
CH2CCH
CH2CCH
c.
CCCH3
CCCH3
d.
CH2CH2CCH
CCH
CuO,t0
d.(CH3)3COH
a..CH3CO(CH2)4CH3
b.CH3CHO
c.CH3(CH2)3CHO
d.CH3COOH
Cu 50.Cho 2 dd HCl v CH3COOH c cng nng CM .Hy so snh pH ca 2 dung dch?
a.HCl>CH3COOH
b.HCl<CH3COOH
c.HCl=CH3COOH
d.Khng so snh c.
Cu 51.So snh nng ca 2 dung dch NaOH v CH3COONa c cng pH?
a.NaOH>CH3COONa
b.NaOH<CH3COONa
c.NaOH=CH3COONa
d.Khng so snh c
BI TP L THUYT DN XUT HALOGEN-ANCOL-PHENOL
Cu 1. Hp cht CH3CH2CHClCH3 l dn xut halogen bc
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
Cu 2. Khi thc hin phn ng th clo vo isobutan,s sn phm iclo ti a c th thu c l bao nhiu?
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
Cu 3. Khi tch hiroclrua t cc ng phn ca C4H9Cl th thu c ti a bao nhiu ng phn cu to ca anken?
a.2
b.3
c.4
d.5
Cu 4.Cho 3 cht CH3CH2CH2Cl (1); CH2=CHCH2Cl (2) v phenyl clorua (3). un tng cht vi dd NaOH d,sau
gn ly lp nc v axit ho bng dd HNO3 ,ri nh vo dd AgNO3 th cc cht c xut hin kt ta trng l:
a.1,2
b.2,3
c.1,3
d.1,2,3
Cu5.X l dn xut clo ca metan trong phn t X clo chim 83,52% khi lng. X c cng thc phn t l
a.CH3Cl
b.CH2Cl2
c.CHCl3
d.CCl4.
Cu 6. ng vi cng thc phn t C4H10O2 c bao nhiu ng phn bn c th ho tan c Cu(OH)2 ?
a.2
b.3
c.4
d.5
+NaOH, t0
H2SO4 dc,180 C
+Br2
+NaOH, to
But-1-en
X
Y
Z
T
K
Bit X,Y,Z,T,K u l sn phm chnh ca tng giai on .Cng thc cu to thu gn ca K l
a.CH3 CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3
B.CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3
c.CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2OH
d.CH2(OH)CH2CH2CH2OH
Cu 18.Cho dy chuyn ho sau:
H2SO4 c ,170 C
CH3CH2CH2OH
X
Y
Bit X,Y u l sn phm chnh .Vy CTCT ca X ,Y ln lt l
a. CH3CH=CH2 , CH3CH2CH2OH
b.CH3CH=CH2,CH3CH2CH2OSO3H
c. CH3CH=CH2,CH3CH(OH)CH3
d.C3H7OC3H7,CH3CH2CH2OSO3H
Cu 19. Cho cc cht sau etylclorua, imetylete, ancol propylic,ancol etylic.cht c nhit si cao nht l:
a. etylclorua
b. imetylete
c. ancol propylic
d. ancol etylic
Cu 20.Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t ca chng c nhm hiroxyl
a.lin kt vi nguyn t cacbon no ca gc hirocacbon.
b.lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon ca vng benzen.
c.gn trn nhnh ca hirocacbon thm.
d.lin kt vi nguyn t cacbon no ca gc hirocacbon khng no.
Cu 21.Trong cc cu sau cu no khng ng
a.phenol cng c lin kt hiro lin phn t
b.nhit si ca phenol thp hn nhit si ca toluen
D.kt qu khc.
,
E
2
4 c
Tn ca E l :
A. but 2 en .
B. propen .
C. iso butilen .
D. dibutyl ete .
Cu 51: Cc anocl c phn loi trn c s
A. bc ca ancol.
B. c im cu to ca gc hidrocacbon.
C. s lng nhm OH .
D. Tt c cc c s trn..
Cu 58: C th phn bit 2 cht lng ancol etylic v benzen bng
A. Na .
B. dung dch brom.
C. dung dch HCl .
D. Tt c u ng.
.Cu 59: Phenol khng tc dng vi dung dch no?
A. dung dch HCl
B. dung dch NaHCO3
C. A, B ng.
D. dung dch Br2
Cu 61: phn bit phenol v ancol benzylic ta c th dng thuc th no trong cc thuc th sau:
1. Na
2. dung dch NaOH
3. nc Brom
CH3
OH
CH2
(1)
Cht no thuc loi phenol?
A. (1) v (2).
B. (2) v (3).
OH
(2)
C. (1) v (3).
(3)
D. C (1), (2) v (3).
B BI TP
I.X CTPT DA VO P T CHY ANCOL:
Cu 7: t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon X thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Tn ca X l
A. etan.
B. propan.
C. metan.
D. butan.
Cu 5: t chy hon ton 5,8g ancol n chc X thu c 13,2g CO 2 v 5,4g H2O. Xc nh X
A. C2H5OH .
B. C3H7OH .
C. C3H5OH .
D. tt c u sai.
Cu 10: Khi t chy mt ancol a chc thu c nc v kh CO 2 theo t l khi lng m H 2 O : m CO 2 = 27 : 44 . CTPT
ca ancol l :
A. C2H6O2 .
B. C3H8O2 .
C. C4H8O2 .
D. C5H10O2
Cu 44: Khi t chy mt ancol n chc X thu c CO 2 v hi nc theo t l th tch VCO 2 : VH 2 O = 4 : 5 . CTPT
ca X l
A. C4H10O .
B. C3H6O .
C. C5H12O .
D. C2H6O .
Cu 15: Ba ancol X, Y, Z u bn v c khi lng phn t khc nhau. t chy mi cht u sinh ra CO 2 v H2O theo t l mol
n CO 2 : n H 2 O = 3 : 4. Vy CTPT ba ancol l
A. C3H8O , C3H8O2 , C3H8O3 .
B. C2H6O , C3H8O , C4H10O .
C. C3H6O , C3H6O2 , C3H6O3 .
D. C3H8O , C4H10O , C5H10O
Cu 6: Ancol n chc no mch h c d X/H 2 = 37 . Cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 c un nng n 180oC thy to thnh mt
anken c nhnh duy nht. X l
A. propan 2 ol .
B. butan 2 ol .
C. 2 metyl propan 2 ol .
D. butan 1 ol .
Cu 7: hidrat ha 14,8g ancol thu c 11,2g anken. CTPT ca ancol l
A. C4H9OH .
B. C3H7OH .
C. CnH2n + 1OH .
D. C2H5OH .
Cu 8: Khi un nng mt ancol n chc no A vi H2SO4 c iu kin nhit thch hp thu c sn phm B c t khi hi so
vi A l 0,7. Vy cng thc ca A l
A. C3H7OH .
B. C4H7OH .
C. C3H5OH .
D. C2H5OH .
Cu 12: Oxi ha 6g ancol no X thu c 5,8g andehit. CTPT ca ancol l
A. CH3 CH2 OH .
B. CH3 CH (OH) CH3 .
C. CH3 CH2 CH2 OH . D. Kt qu khc
Cu 1: Ly 5,3 g hn hp gm 2 ancol no n chc, mch h l ng ng k tip cho tc dn ht vi Na , kh H 2 sinh ra dn qua
ng ng CuO d nung nng thu c 0,9 g nc . Cng thc ca 2 ancol l:
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH
B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH
C. C 2H5OH v C3H7OH
D. C 4H9OH v
C5H11OH
IV. X CTPT DA VO % CC NGUYN T----Cu 14: Mt ancol no n chc c %O = 50% v khi lng. CTPT ca ancol l
A. C3H7OH .
B. C6H5CH2OH .
C. CH2 = CH CH2 OH .
D. CH3OH .
Cu 11: Mt ancol no n chc c %H = 13,04% v khi lng. CTPT ca ancol l
A. C2H5OH .
B. C6H5CH2OH .
C. CH3OH .
D. CH2 = CH CH2 OH .
Cu 4: Mt ancol n chc X mch h tc dng vi HBr c dn xut Y cha 58,4% brom v khi lng. un X vi H 2SO4 c
1700C c 3 anken. Tn X l
A. 2 metyl propan 2 ol .
B. pentan 1 ol .
C. butan 2 ol .
D. butan 1 ol .
-----------------------
CHNG: I CNG V HO HU C
Cu 3: Trong thnh phn hp cht hu c nht thit phi c Hidro.
CH2 CH2
CH2
l ng ng ca nhau.
CH2
A. ng
B. sai
Cu 8: Cc cht C2H2, C3H4, C4H6 lun lun l ng ng ca nhau.
A. ng
B. sai
Cu 9: Hy chn pht biu ng trong cc pht biu sau :
A. ng phn l nhng cht c cng thc cu to v tnh cht tng t nhau nhng thnh phn phn t hn km
nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH2.
B. Nhng cht c phn t khi bng nhau l ng phn.
C. ng phn l nhng cht c cng cng thc phn t nhng cng thc cu to khc nhau.
D. C B v C u ng.
Cu 10: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C4H10 l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 11: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H7Cl l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 12: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H8O l:
A. 1
B. 2 C. 3
D. 4
Cu 13: S lng ng phn cu to ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8 l:
A. 3
B. 4 C. 5
D. 6
Cu 14: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H9N l:
A. 1
B. 2 C. 3
D. 4
Cu 15: Cho cc cht sau:
CH3 CH2 CH3 (1)
CH3 CH2 CH = CH2 (2)
CH3 C = CH2 (3)
CH2 = C CH = CH2 (4)
CH3
CH3
CH2 CH2
CH3
CH2 CH2
(6)
B
A
B
A
B
B
C
B
D
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
C
D
1.A ; 2.D
C
B
A
B
B
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
B
A
1.C ; 2.A
C
B
A
A
D
3. Cho A,B,C,D co cung CTPT C 3H6O. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A, B, C, D
biet:
A tham gia phan ng trang gng. C ch lam mat mau ddBr 2.
B tham gia phan ng Na giai phong H 2, ong thi lam mat mau ddBr2.
D khong lam mat mau ddBr2 tac dung vi H2(Ni,t0).
4. Cho A, B co CTPT C3H8O2. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A, B biet:A,B tac dung
vi Na giai phong H2
A tac dung Cu(OH)2 tao dung dch xanh lam trong suot.
B khong tac dung Cu(OH)2.
5. Cho A, B,C,D,E co CTPT C3H6O2. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A, B, C,D biet:
A lam qu hoa o.
B tac dung dd NaOH(t0), khong tac dung Na.
C td Na giai phong H2, td vi H2(Ni,t0c) tao hp chat xanh lamvi Cu(OH)2, C
ko lam mat mau ddBr2
D tac dung dd NaOH(t0), khong tac dung Na. ong thi tac dung
Ag2O/ddNH3.
E td td Na giai phong H2, td vi H2(Ni,t0c) tao hp chat khong lam xanh
lamvi Cu(OH)2,E trang gng.
6.
Cho cac chat A,B,C lan lt co ctpt :CH 2O2,C2H4O2,C3H4O2.Tm ctct cua chung
biet chung co cha cung mot loai nhom chc.
7. Cho A, B,C co CTPT C3H4O2. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A, B, C biet:
A, B lam mat mau ddBr2, C khong lam mat mau ddBr2.
A lam tan a voi.
B tham gia trang gng, tac dung vi NaOH(t0).
C Tac dung H2 tao hp chat khong tac dung Cu(OH) 2 .
8. Cho cac p A, B,C,D co CTPT: C3H5Cl3.biet chung deu td vi dd NaOH, un
nong.
A cho sp lam tan a voi.
B cho sp X tham gia p trang gng, X tac dung vi H2(Ni, t0) thu c dd Z lam
tan Cu(OH)2.
C cho sp Ykhong lam mat mau dd Br2, 1 mol Ytac dung vi Na tao 0,5 mol H2
D. cho sp tac dung vi axit stearic tao chat beo
9. Cho X, Y co (C, H, O) vi M= 74(vc). Biet X tac dung Na. X,Y tac dung NaOH
va tac dung Ag2O/ddNH3.Tm cong thc cau tao cua X, Y.
10.A co CTPT C4H8Cl2 .biet khi thuy phan A cho san pham la anehit. Xac
nh CTCT co the co cua A.
11.A,B,C,D,E la cac dong phan este cua C4H6O2.tm CTCT cua chung, biet
chung td vi dd NaOH
A tao hh sp X va Y eu tham gia p trang gng
B tao hh sp Z va T. T td vi Cu(OH)2/NaOH tao Z
C tao hh gom X va chat hu c K khong lam mat mau dd Br2
D tao hh sp gom muoi Q (lam mat mau dd Br2) va chat hu c P.
E tao hh sp gom muoi X va chat hu c G , t G bang 2 p ieu che Y
12.Cho A,B,C,D,E,F co (C, H, O) vi M= 74(vc). . Tm cong thc cau tao cua A,
B, C, D, ,F biet:
A,B,C,D,E, F khong lam mat mau dd Br2.
Cac chat tren tac dung Na, NaOH, Ag 2O/ddNH3 co ket qua theo bang sau:
Na
NaOH
Ag2O/ddN
H3
A
+
C
+
E
+
F
+
+
+
13.Cho hchc A co CTPT C4H6O2. (ch cha 1 nhom chc). Tm cong thc cau
tao co the co cua A biet t A va cac chat vo c khac ,bang 3 p lien
tiep /c caosubuna.
14.Xac nh cong thc cau tao cuaA (C, H, O) biet:
A td Na giai phong H2; A td Cu(OH)2 tao thanh dd xanh lam.
A co the tham gia p trang gng.
ot 0,1 mol A thu c khong qua 17 lt san pham kh(136,5 0C,1atm).
15.Chat A co CTPT C2H4O3.A td Na,dd NaOH(t0 thng),ddNa 2CO3,HCOOH.Tm cong
thc cau tao cuaA.
16.cho CTPT cua A la C4H10O.tm cong thc cau tao cuaA biet khi un A vi
H2SO4 ac (1800C) tao hon hp 3 olefin.
17.Mot hp chat hu c A co CTPT C3H9O2N. Biet A td vi NaOH(un nhe) thu
c muoi B va kh C lam qu tm hoa xanh.cho B td NaOH (ran) un nong
thu kh metan. Xac nh CTCT cua A, B, C.
18. A, B, C co cung CTPT C 3H7O2N. Biet A td HCl, NaOH. B td {H} mi sinh B ;B
td H2SO4 tao muoi B ;B td NaOH tao B. C td NaOH tao ra 1 muoi va NH 3. Tm
CTCT cua A, B, C .viet PT.
19.Cho 2 chat A, B co cung CTPT C4H7O2Cl. Tm CTCT cua A, B.
A + NaOH muoi hc A1 +C2H5OH +NaCl / B + NaOH muoi hc B1
+C2H4(OH)2 +NaCl
20. Mot hchc X co CTPT C8H12O5(mach h) Thuy phan X thu c C 3H5(OH)3 va 2
axt n chc A, B hn nhau 1 nguyen t cacbon, axt B cong nc thu c
hchc (spc) .trung ngng C thu c 1 polyme. Xac nh CTCT cua A, B, C.
21.Hchc X cha 1 loai nhom chc co CTPT C 8H14O4. Thuy phan X trong dd NaOH
thu c 1 muoi va hh 2 ru A va B.phan t B co so nguyen t C
nhieu gap oi phan t A. Khi un nong vi H 2SO4 A cho 1 olefin, B cho 2
olefin ong phan. Tm CTCT cua A, B, X.
22.Hai este A, B la dan xuat cua benzen co CTPT C 9H8O2. A va B eu cong
hp vi brom theo ty le 1:1.
A td vi xut cho 1 muoi va 1 andehit. B td vi xut d cho 2 muoi va H 2O.
Cac muoi co khoi lng ln hn khoi lng cua natriaxetat. Tm CTCT
cua A, B.
Ngoai A, B con co cac dan xuat axt va este khac cua benzen co ctpt tren
va cung td dd Br2 theo ty le 1:1 ?
23.Ba chat A,B,D co CTPT C 6H10O4(mach thang) khong td Na, Xac nh CTCT
cua A, B, D.
A td NaOH tao 1 muoi va 2 ru ke nhau trong day ong ang. B td NaOH tao
2 muoi va 1 ru. D td NaOH tao 1 muoi va 1 ru.
24.Thuy phan chat A co ctpt C8H14O5 thu c C2H5OH va chat hc B, cho biet
nA = nC2H5OH =1/2nB. B c ieu che trc tiep t glucoz bang p len
men. Trung ngng B thu c polyme.xac nh CTCT A, B.
25.X co CTPT C5H6O4.Thuy phan X bang dd NaOH thu c 1 muoi va 1
ru.nh CTCT co the co cua X.
26.A la dan xuat cua benzen co CTPT C7H9O2N. Khi cho 1 mol A td ddNaOH, em
co can thu c muoi khan co m = 144g. Tm CTCT co the co cua A.
27.A co CTPT C8H14O2. Thuy phan A cho B(C6H12O) va C(C2H4O2) .B la hchc mach
h, khong phan nhanh, ton tai di dang trans,co the td
KMnO4loang,nguoi sinh ra hexxatriol -1,2,3. Xac nh CTCT cua A, B.
28.A la este co ctpt C4H5ClO2 khi thuy phan A trong moi trng kiemthu c
hchc B va 2 muoi natri. Chat B tac dung Na, tham gia trang gng nhng
khong tac dung vi NaOH. Xac nh CTCT cua A viet PTP .
29.a/Este A co ctpt C4H6O2 khi thuy phan A trong moi trng axt thu c B va
C eu co kha nang tham gia trang gng. Xac nh CTCT cua A, B,C.b/ X
va Y la cac este ong phan cua A nhng thuy phan X trong moi trng
axit thu c X1 va X2, X1 tac dung vi NaOH va lam mat mau nc brom
con thuy phan Y trong moi trng kiemthu c Y 1 va Y2, Y2 tham gia
trang gng con Y1 khong tac dung vi NaOH,Na, khong tham gia trang
gng . Xac nh CTCT cua X,X 1,X2,Y,Y1,Y2.
30.co 4 chat hc ng vi ctpt C3H6O,C3H6O2,C3H4O,C3H4O2 c k hieu ngau
nhien A,B.C,D.A,C co kha nang tham gia trang gng.B,D p vi NaOH. D
Xc nh CTPT hp cht hu c
Cu 1: Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht theo s liu:
A, thnh phn : 85,5% C; 14,2 % H; M =56
B, 5,3 % C; 9,4 % H; 12% nit; 27,3% O; t khi hn hp so vi khng kh l 4,05
C, 54,5% C; 9,1 % H; 36,4% O. 0,88 gam hi chim th tch 224 ml ( o ktc)
D, cht A c 37,5 % C; 12,5% H v 50% oxi d A/ H2 =16
Cu 2: Mt hp cht hu c A cha C, H, O, N vi m C: mH:mO:mN= 9: 2,25:8:3,5. T khi hi ca
A so vi khng kh bng 3,14. Tm cng thc phn t ca A
Cu 3: Tm CTPT cht hu c trong TH sau:
A, t chy hon ton 10 gam hp cht sinh ra 33,85 gam CO 2 v 6,94 gam H2O. T khi hi i
vi khng kh l 2,69
B, phn tch 0,46 gam A to thnh 448 ml CO 2 (ktc) v 0,54 gam H2O, t khi ca A so vi
khng kh l 1,58
C, Cht hu c Y c MY =123v khi lng ca C, H, O, N trong phn tu theo th t t l:
72:5:32:14
D, cht hu c Z c cha 40% C; 6,67% H cn li l oxi. Mt khc khi ho hi mt l ng Z ngi ta
dc th tch ca nit (II) oxit c khi lng bng 1/3 khi lng ca Z cng iu kin
E, phn tch 1,5 gam cht hu c W thu c 1,76 gam CO2; 0,9 gam H2O; 12 ml nit o 00C
v 2 atm. Nu ho hi cng 1,5 gam cht 127 0C v 1,64 atm, ngi ta thu c 0,4 lt kh
Cu 4: phn tch hai cht A, B cho cng kt qu: c 3 phn khi lng cacbon th c 0,5 phn
khi lng hidro v 4 phn khi lng oxi. Bit dB/kk =3,1 v d B/A =3. Xc nh CTPT ca A v B
Cu 5: t chy 0.282 gam hp cht v cho sn phm sinh ra i qua bnh ng CaCl 2 v KOH
thy bnh ng CaCl2 tng thm 0,194 gam, cn bnh KOH tng thm 0,8 gam. Mt khc, t
0,186 gam cht sinh ra 22,4 ml nit( ktc). Phn t ch cha mt nguyn t oxi
Cu 6: Hp cht hu c A ch cha hai nguyn t X, Y . t chy hon ton m gam A cng sinh
ra m gam H2O. A c phn t trong khong 150<A<170
A, X, Y l nhng nguyn t g?
B, Xc nh CTG v CTPT ca A
Cu 7: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c A ch thu c CO2 v H2O ri ln lt cho sn
phm chy qua bnh 1 ng CaCl 2 khan v NaOH thy khi lng cc bnh ny tng ln lt l: 0,9
gam v 1,76 gam. Tm CTPT caA bit MA < 60
Cu 8: Hp cht A c Ma <170. t chy hon ton 0,486 gam A sinh ra 405,2 ml CO 2(ktc) v
0,27 gam H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca A
Cu 9: t chy hon ton 0,12 mol cht hu c A mch h cn dng 50,4 lt khng kh. Sau
p cho ton b sn phm chy gm CO 2; H2O; N2 hp th hon ton vo bnh ng dd Ba(OH) 2
d thy khi lng bnh tng ln 23,4 gam v c 70,92 gam kt ta. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th
tch 41,66 4 lt. Xc nh CTPT ca A
Cu 10: c ba hp cht hu c A, B, C khi lng phn t ca mi cht u nh hn 180 vC.
Hp cht B c cng thc phn t trng vi CTG nht ca A. Hp cht C l dn xut cha oxi ca
benzen, khi lng phn t ca C bng 94 vC
Khi t chy hon ton 15 mg A ch thu c hn hp gm CO2 v hi nc , tng th tch ca
chng quy v iu kin tiu chun bng 22,4 ml
.a, Xc nh CTG ca A, CTPT ca B, C
B, Xc nh CTPT ng ca A bit dA/B=3
Cng thc phn t ca hp cht hu c -3
Cu1: t chy hon ton mt hidrro cacbon A thu c ton b sn phm chy qua bnh ng
P2O5 v Ca(OH)2 d thy khi lng jcc bnh tng 10,8 gam v 17,6 gam. Xc nh CTPT ca hp
cht hu c bit dA/NO=1
Cu 2: cht A cha C, H,O c t l khi lng mC:mH =3:2v khi t chy ht A thu c CO2 v
H2O c VCO2:VH2O=4:3. Tm cng thc n gin ca A
Cu 3: T mt loi tinh du, ngi ta tch c hp cht hu c A . t chy hon ton 2,64 gam A
cn va 4,704 lt O2 ch thu c CO2 vi t l mCO2:mH2O =11:2. MA<150. Xc nh CTPT
cu A
Cu 4: Mt hp cht hu c A cha C, H, O, Nem t chy hon ton thu c CO2; H2O; N2.
Cho bit nH2O= 1,75 nCO2; nCO2+H2O =2 nO2. MA<95. Xc nh CTPT ca A
Cu 5: Hp cht hu c A c M < MC6H6 cha bn nguyn t C, H, N, O trong c 9,09 % hidro;
18,18 % nit. t chy 7,7 gam A thu wocj 4,928 lt CO 2 27,3o v 1 atm. Xc nh CTPT cua
A
Cu 6: t chy 8,9 gam hp cht hu co X phi dng 8,4 lt O2. Sn phm chy gm 6,3
gam H2O v 7,84 lt hn hp N2 v CO2 ( cc th tch kh o ktc). Xc nh cTPT ca X
bit X c mt nguyn t nit trong phn t
Cu 7: t chy hon ton 6,66 gam cht X cn 9,072 lt oxi( ktc). Sn phm chy c dn
qua bnh (1) ng H2SO4 c; bnh (2) ng Ca(OH)2 d thy bnh (1) tng 3,87 gam; bnh (2)
tng m gam v c a gam kt ta. MX <250. Tm m; a v CTPT ca X
Cu 8: t chy hon ton 0,295 gam hp cht A thu c 0,44 gam CO2 v 0,225 gam H2O.
Trong mt th nghim khc , phn tch mt lng cht A nh trn cho 55,8 cm3 N2 (ktc). dA/ kk =
2,04. Xc nh CTPT ca A
Cu9: oxi ho hon ton 0,42 gam cht hu c X ch thu c kh CO2 v hi nc m khi dn
ton b vo bnh cha nc vi trong ly d th khi lng bnh tng thm 1,86 g ng thi xut
hin 3 gam kt ta. Mt khc khi ho hi mt lng cht X ngi ta thu c mt th tch ng
bng th tch va ng bng 2/5 th tch ca kh nit c khi lng jtong ong trong cng
iu kin nhit v p sut . Xc nh CTPT ca X
Cu 10: t chy hon ton 9,9 gam hp cht A gm ba nguyn t C, H, Cl ri cho sn phm to
thnh qua bnh ng H2SO4 c v Ca(OH)2 thy cc bnh tng ln lt 3,6 gam v 8,8 gam
A, Tm cng thc thc nghim ca A
B, xc nh CTPT ca A bit A ch cha hai nguyn t Cl
Cu 11: t chy hon ton m gam mt hp cht hu c X bng mt lng khng kh va thu
c 17,6 gam CO2; 12,6 gam H2Ov 69,44 lt N2 (ktc). Gi thit khng kh ch gm N 2 v O2
trong oxi chim 20% khng kh. Xc nh CTPT ca X
Cu 12: t chy hon ton mt lng cht A cn 6,72 lt O2 (ktc). Sn phm to thnh ch
gm CO2 v H2O c dn qua dd nc vi trong thu c 10 gam kt tu v 200ml dung dch
mui c nng 0,5 M. Dung dch mui ny nng hn lng nc vi d dng l 8,6 gam. Xc
nh CTPT cu X bit CTPT trng vi CTG
Cu 13: t chy hon ton 7,3 gam hp cht hu c cha C, H, O. sn phm chy cho qua
bnh I ng P2O5 ri qua bnh II ng 5 lt nc vi trong c nng 0,04 M
Xc nh CTPT ca hp cht ny bit khi lng bnh I tng 4,5 gam v bnh II c 10 gam kt
ta. Bit hi ca hp cht ny nng gp 36,5 ln kh He cng iu kin
Cu 14: Mt hp cht hu c gm C, H, O; trong cacbon chim 61,22% v khi lng. Cng
thc phn t ca hp cht c th l
A. C4H10O.
B. C3H6O2.
C. C2H2O3.
D. C5H6O2.
Cu15: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c n chc X thu c sn phm chy ch gm
CO2 v H2O vi t l khi lng tng ng l 44 : 27. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H6.
B. C2H6O.
C. C2H6O2.
D. C2H4O.
Cu 16: t chy hon ton 0,12 mol cht hu c A mch h cn dng 10,08 lt O 2 (ktc). Dn
ton b sn phm chy (gm CO 2, H2O v N2) qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d, thy khi l
ng bnh tng 23,4g v c 70,92g kt ta. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 1,344 lt (ktc).
Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C2H5O2N. B. C3H5O2N.
C. C3H7O2N.
D. C2H7O2N.
Cu 17: Mt hp cht hu c Y khi t chy thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau; ng thi
lng oxi cn dng bng 4 ln s mol ca Y. Cng thc phn t ca Y l
A. C2H6O.
B. C4H8O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C3H6O2.
Cu 18: t chy hon ton 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c n chc X cn 8,96 lt kh O 2
(ktc), thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau. Cng thc n gin nht ca X l
A. C2H4O.
B. C3H6O.
C. C4H8O.
D. C5H10O.
Cu 19: t chy hon ton 4,3gam mt cht hu c n chc A cha C, H, O ri dn sn
phm chy qua bnh 1 cha P2O5 d v bnh 2 cha NaOH d. Sau th nghim bnh 1 tng 2,7g;
bnh 2 thu c 21,2g mui. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C2H3O.
B. C4H6O.
C. C3H6O2.
D. C4H6O2.
Cu20: t chy hon ton 1,18 gam cht B (C xHyN) bng mt lng khng kh va . Dn
ton b hn hp kh sau phn ng vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d, thu c 6 gam kt ta
v c 9,632 lt kh (ktc) duy nht thot ra khi bnh. Bit khng kh cha 20% oxi v 80%
nit v th tch. Cng thc phn t ca B l
A. C2H7N.
B. C3H9N.
C. C4H11N.
D. C4H9N.
Cu 21 Trong mt bnh kn dung tch khng i cha hn hp hi cht A (CxHyO) vi O2 va
t chy hp cht A 136,5 oC v 1 atm. Sau khi t chy, a bnh v nhit ban
u, th p sut trong bnh l 1,2 atm. Mt khc, khi t chy 0,03 mol A lng CO2 sinh ra c
cho vo 400 ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,15M thy c hin tng ho tan kt ta, nhng nu cho vo 800 ml
dd Ba(OH)2 ni trn th thy Ba(OH)2 d. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C2H4O.
B. C3H6O.
C. C4H8O.
D. C3H6O2.
Cu22: t chy hon ton 1,605 gam hp cht hu c A thu c 4,62 gam CO2; 1,215 gam H2O
v 168ml N2 (ktc). T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh khng vt qu 4. Cng thc phn t ca
A l A. C7H9N.
B. C6H7N.
C. C5H5N.
D. C6H9N.
Cu 23: t chy hon ton 5,8 gam cht A thu c 2,65 gam Na2CO3; 2,26 gam H2O v 12,1
gam CO2. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C6H5O2Na.B. C6H5ONa.
C. C7H7O2Na.
D. C7H7ONa.
Cu 24: t chy hon ton 1,88g A (cha C, H, O ) cn 1,904 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c CO2
v H2O vi t l mol tng ng l 4:3. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C4H6O2.
B. C8H12O4.
C. C4H6O3.
D. C8H12O5.
Cu 25: t chy hon ton mt lng cht X (cha C, H, O) cn 0,6 mol O 2 to ra 0,6 mol CO2 v
0,6 mol H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C6H12O6.
B. C12H22O11.
C. C2H4O2.
D. CH2O.
Cu 23: t chy hon ton mt lng cht Y (cha C, H, O) cn 0,3 mol O 2 to ra 0,2 mol CO 2
v 0,3 mol H2O. Cng thc phn t ca Y l
A. C2H6O.
B. C2H6O2.
C. CH4O.
D. C3H6O.
Cu 24: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c cha C, H, Cl thu c 2,2 gam CO2; 0,9 gam
H2O. Khi xc nh clo trong lng cht bng dung dch AgNO 3 th thu c 14,35 gam AgCl.
Cng thc phn t ca hp cht l
A. C2H4Cl2.
B. C3H6Cl2.
C. CH2Cl2.
D. CHCl3.
Cu 25: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht X cn 6,16 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c13,44 lt (ktc)
hn hp CO2, N2 v hi nc. Sau khi ngng t ht hi nc, cn li 5,6 lt kh (ktc) c t khi so
vi hiro l 20,4. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H7O2N. B. C3H7O2N.
C. C3H9O2N.
D. C4H9N.
Cu 26: t chy hon ton 10,4 gam hp cht hu c Y (cha C, H, O) ri cho ton b sn
phm chy ln lt qua bnh 1 dng H2SO4 c, bnh 2 ng nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim,
ngi ta thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 3,6 gam v bnh 2 thu c 30 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn
t ca X l
A. C3H6O2.
B. C4H6O2.
C. C4H6O4.
D. C3H4O4.
BI TP CHNG 4
Dng 1: Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong HCHC
Bi 1. t chy hon ton 0,92 g HCHC thu c 1,76 g CO 2 v 1,08 g H2O. Xc nh % khi lng mi
nguyn t trong HCHC.
Bi 2. t chy hon ton 7,75 g vitamin C (cha C, H, O) thu c 11,62 g CO 2 v 3,17 g H2O. Xc nh
% khi lng mi nguyn t trong phn t vitamin C.
Bi 3. Oxi ho hon ton 0,6 g HCHC A thu c 0,672 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v 0,72 g H2O. Tnh thnh
phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A.
Bi 4. Oxi ho hon ton 0,135 g HCHC A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 cha H 2SO4 c v bnh 2
cha KOH, th thy khi lng bnh 1 tng ln 0,117 g, bnh 2 tng thm 0,396 g. th nghim khc, khi
nung 1,35 g hp cht A vi CuO th thu c 112 ml (ktc) kh nit. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc
nguyn t trong phn t cht A.
Bi 5. Oxi ho hon ton 0,46 g HCHC A, dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 cha H 2SO4 c v bnh 2
cha KOH d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,54 g bnh 2 tng 0,88 g. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc
nguyn t trong phn t cht A.
Bi 6. A l mt cht hu c ch cha 2 nguyn t. Khi oxi ho hon ton 2,50 g cht A ngi ta thy to
thnh 3,60 g H2O. Xc nh thnh phn nh tnh v nh lng ca cht A.
Bi 7. Khi oxi ho hon ton 5,00 g mt cht hu c, ngi ta thu c 8,40 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 4,5 g
H2O. Xc nh phn trm khi lng ca tng nguyn t trong hp cht hu c .
Bi 8. t chy hon ton 2,50 g cht A phi dng va ht 3,36 lt O 2 (ktc). Sn phm chy ch c CO2
v H2O, trong khi lng CO2 hn khi lng H2O l 3,70 g. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca tng
nguyn t trong A.
Bi 9. Oxi ho hon ton 6,15 g cht hu c X, ngi ta thu c 2,25 g H 2O; 6,72 lt CO2 v 0,56 lt N2
(cc th tch o ktc).
Dng 2: Lp CTPT hp cht hu c
Bi 1. Nilon 6, loi t nilon ph bin nht c 63,68% C; 9,08 % H; 14,14% O; v 12,38% N. Xc nh
CTGN ca nilon 6.
Bi 2. Kt qu phn tch cc nguyn t trong nicotin nh sau: 74% C; 8,65% H; 17,35% N. Xc nh
CTGN ca nicotin, bit nicotin c khi lng mol phn t l 162.
Bi 3. t chy hon ton 5,6 g HCHC A thu c 13,2 g CO 2 v 3,6 g H2O. T khi ca A so vi H2 l 28.
Xc nh CTPT ca A.
Bi 4. t chy hon ton 0,30 g cht A (cha C, H, O) thu c 0,44 g CO 2 v 0,18 g H2O. Th tch hi
ca ca 0,30 g cht A bng th tch ca 0,16g kh oxi ( cng k v nhit v p sut). Xc nh CTPT
ca cht A.
Bi 5. T tinh du hi, ngi ta tch c anetol mt cht thm c dng sn xut ko cao su. Anetol
c khi lng mol phn t bng 148 g/mol. Phn tch nguyn t cho thy, anetol c %C = 81,08%; %H =
8,10% cn li l oxi. Lp CTGN v CTPT ca anetol.
Bi 6. Hp cht X c phn tm khi lng C, H, O ln lt bng 54,54%; 9,10% v 36,36%. Khi lng
mol phn t ca X bng 88. Xc nh CTPT ca X.
Bi 7. T tinh du chanh ngi ta tch c cht limonen thuc loi hirocacbon c hm lng nguyn t
H l 11,765%. Hy tm CTPT ca limonen, bit t khi hi ca limonen so vi heli bng 34.
Bi 8. t chy hon ton HCHC A cn va 6,72 lt O 2 ( ktc) thu c 13,2 g CO2 v 5,4 g H2O. Bit
t khi hi ca A so vi khng kh gn bng 1,0345. Xc nh CTPT ca A.
Bi 9. t chy hon ton 2,20 g cht hu c X ngi ta thu c 4,40 g CO2 v 1,80 g H2O.
3. Xc nh CTGN ca cht X.
4. Xc nh CTPT cht X bit rng nu lm bay hi 1,10 g cht X th th tch hi thu c ng bng
th tch ca 0,40 g kh oxi cng k nhit v p sut.
Bi 10. t chy hon ton 2,85 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn phm chy
ch c CO2 v H2O theo t l khi lng 44 : 15.
3. Xc nh CTGN ca X.
4. Xc nh CTPT ca X bit rng th khi hi ca X i vi C2H6 l 3,80.
*
Bi 11. t chy hon ton 4,45 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn phm chy
gm c 3,15 g H2O v 3,92 lt hn hp kh gm CO2 v N2 (ktc). Xc nh CTGN ca X.
Bi 12. HCHC A c thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t nh sau: C chim 24,24%; H chim
4,04%; Cl chim 71,72%.
3. Xc nh CTGN ca A.
4. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng t khi hi ca A i vi CO2 l 2,25.
Bi 13. Tm CTPT cht hu c trong mi trng hp sau:
3. t chy hon ton 10 g hp cht, thu c 33,85 g CO2 v 6,94 g H2O. T khi hi ca hp cht so
vi KK l 2,69.
4. t chy 0,282 g hp cht v cho cc sn phm sinh ra i qua cc bnh ng CaCl 2 khan v KOH
thy bnh ng CaCl2 khan tng thm 0,194 g, bnh KOH tng thm 0,80 g. Mt khc t chy
0,186 g cht , thu c 22,4 ml nit ( ktc). Phn t ch cha mt nguyn t nit.
Bi 14. t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c c cha C, H, Cl sinh ra 0,22 g CO 2 v 0,09 g H2O. Khi
xc nh clo trong lng cht bng dd AgNO3 ngi ta thu c 1,435 g AgCl.
Bi 15. Phn tch mt HCHC cho thy: c 2,1 phn khi lng C li c 2,8 phn khi lng O v 0,35
phn khi lng H. Hy xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c trn bit 1,00 g hi cht ktc chim th tch
373,3 cm3.
Bi 16. t chy hon ton 0,9 g HCHC A thu c 1,32 g CO 2 v 0,54 g H2O. T khi ca A so vi H2 l
45. Xc nh CTPT ca A.
Bi 17. t chy hon ton 100 ml hi cht A cn 250 ml oxi to ra 200 ml CO 2 v 200 ml hi H2O. Xc
nh CTPT ca A, bit th tch cc kh o cng k v nhit v p sut.
Bi 18. Khi t 1 lt kh A cn 5 lt oxi sau p thu c 3 lt CO 2 v 4 lt hi H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca A,
bit th tch cc kh o cng k v nhit v p sut.
Bi 19. T genol (trong tinh du hng nhu) iu ch c metylgenol (M = 178 g/mol) l cht dn d
cn trng. Kt qu phn tch nguyn t ca metylgenol cho thy: %C = 74,16%; %H = 7,86%, cn li l
oxi. Lp CTGN, CTPT ca metylgenol.
BI TP HIRCACBON NO
Bi 1: Trong ankan A c cc bon chim 83,33% khi lng phn t.
a/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A v gi tn cc ng phn ca A
b/ Hy xc nh X,Y, Z, Bit X, Y, Z l cc ng phn ca A v khi tc dng vi Clo ( k AS) th:
- X cho 3 sn phm monoclo - Y cho 4 sn phm monoclo - Z cho 1 sn phm mono clo uy nht.
Bi 2: Tn thay th ca cht c cng thc cu to: CH3
CH3 - C CH = CH3
CH2 CH3
A. 3,3 imetyl pent 4- en
C. 3- metyl 3- etylbut- 1 en
B. Iso propyl pent 1- en
D. 3, 3 imetyl pent 1- en
Bi 3: Cho 3 ankan lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Bit phn t khi ca 3 ankan l 132. CTPT ca 3
ankan l:
A. CH4 , C2H6 , C3H8
B. C2H6 , C3H8, C4H10
C. C3H8, C4H10, C5H12 D. C2H6, C4H10, C3H8
Bi 4: Cho isopentan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l 1:1 v s mol, c nh sng khuych tn. Sn phm monoclo
np d hnh thnh nht?
A. CH3CHClCH(CH3)2
B. CH3CH2CCl(CH3)2 C. (CH3)2CHCH2CH2Cl
D. CH3CH(CH3)CH2Cl
Bi 5: Clo ha mt ankan theo t l mol 1:1 c mt dn xut monoclo duy nht cha 33,33% Clo v khi
lng. Tn ca ankan l:
A. n pentan
B. isopentan
C. neopentan
D. N- butan
Bi 6: Khi brom ha mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi so vi hir
l 75,5. Tn ca ankan l:
A. 3,3 imetylhexan
B. 2,2 imetylpropan
C. Isopentan
D. 2,2,3- trimetylpentan
Bi 7: Hn hp X gm 2 ankan l ng ng k tip, t khi ca X so vi H 2 l 33,2. Xc nh CTPT ca 2
ankan?
Bi 8:(H A-2008) Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th
tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 12. Cng thc phn t ca
X l
A. C5H12.
B. C3H8.
C. C4H10.
D. C6H14.
Bi 9: (H A-2008) Cho isopentan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l s mol 1 : 1, s sn phm monoclo ti a
thu c l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Bi 10: (H B-2008) Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt v c hai nguyn t
cacbon bc ba trong mt phn t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO2 ( cng iu kin
nhit ,
p sut). Khi cho X tc dng vi Cl2 (theo t l s mol 1 : 1), s dn xut monoclo ti a sinh ra l
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Bi 11:t chy hon ton mt th tch ankan mch thng A thu c 4 th tch CO2 o cng iu kin.
a. Vit cng thc cu to ca A.
b. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi :
- Cho A tc dng vi Clo theo t l mol 1:1.
- Tch mt phn t hydro khi A.
- Phn ng t chy ca A
Bi 12: Cho isopentan tc dng vi Cl2 t l 1:1 trong iu kin chiu sng to c bao nhiu dn xut
monoclo. Vit PTP v gi tn sn phm
Bi 13: t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon thu 22 gam CO2 v 13,44 lit hi nc (kc) .
a.
Tm CTPT hidrocacbon
b.
Vit ng phn v gi tn bit khi tc dng Cl2 (1:1) cho mt sn phm monoclo duy nht.
Bi 14: t chy hon ton 7,2 gam mt hidrocacbon thu 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc) . Tm CTPT hidrocacbon
Bi 15 t chy hon ton 7,2 gam mt hidrocacbon thu 10,8 gam H2O . Tm CTPT hidrocacbon
Bi 16: t chy hon ton 7,2 gam mt hidrocacbon cn va 17,92 lt O 2 (ktc) . Tm CTPT
hidrocacbon
Bi 17: Cht A l mt ankan th kh. t chy hon ton 1,2 lit A cn dng va ht 6 lit O 2 ly cng
iu kin.
a. Xc nh CTPT cht A.
b.Cho cht A tc dng vi kh Clo 25 0C v c nh sng. Hi c bao nhiu dn xut monoclo ca A?
cho bit tn ca cc dn xut ? dn xut no thu c nhiu nht?
Bi 18: Khi t chy hon ton 2,16 gam mt ankan, ngi ta thy trong sn phm to thnh khi lng
CO2 nhiu hn khi lng H2O l 3,36 gam.
a.
Tm CTPT ca ankan .
b.
Vit CTCT c th c v c tn theo IUPAC
Bi 19 : Mt hn hp kh gm CH4 v mt hidrocacbon A. t mt lt hn hp cn 3,05 lt oxi v cho
1,7 lt CO2 trong cng iu kin.
a.
Tm dy ng ng ca A.
b.
Nu t khi ca A i vi heli l 7,5. Tm cng thc phn t ca A v tnh % th tch hn hp kh
ban u.
Bi 20: t chy hon ton 6,8g hn hp kh X gm: ankan A v CH 4. sn phm chy dn vo bnh 1
ng P2O5 v bnh 2 ng 1200ml Ba(OH)2 0,25M. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh 1 tng 12,6g.
a.
Tm cng thc phn t ca A, bit V A : V CH 4 = 2 : 3.
b.
Tnh khi lng cc cht trong X.
c.
Tnh khi lng mui to thnh.
Bi 21 : t chy hon ton 1,5g hidrocacbon A ri dn sn phm vo V ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,2M
(phn ng va ). Sau phn ng c 7,88g kt ta v dung dch X. Nung nng dung dch X c 5,91g
kt ta na.
a.
Tm cng thc nguyn ca A.
b.
Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u.
c.
Cho lng A trn tc dng vi khi clo theo t l th tch 1:1 nh sng. Hn hp sn phm c th
tch 1,68 lt (ktc). Tnh hiu sut phn ng (gi s phn ng ch to dn xut monoclo).
Bi 22 : t chy hon ton hirocacbon A c th tch l 1,12lt ktc. Sn phm chy cho hp th vo bnh
ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 29,55g kt ta, ng thi khi lng dung dch gim 19,35g. Xc nh
cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon A.
Bi 23: Lp cng thc phn t trong mi trng hp sau:
a). Khi lng phn t bng 72.
b). Trong phn t, khi lng nguyn t cacbon ln hn khi lng nguyn t hiro l 58g.
c). t chy 1lt ankan (kh) cn dng 32,5lt khng kh
d). T l khi lng mC : mH = 5,25
e). Mt ankan B c %mH = 16%
CC BI TP IN HNH V TM CNG THC PHN T HP CHT HU C
A. Nhc s qua v l thuyt :
THIT LP CNG THC PHN T CHT A c dng CxHyOzNt
M A 12 x
y
16 z 14t
=
=
=
=
CCH 1
mhchc mC m H mO m N
M A 12 x
y
16 z 14t
=
=
=
=
CCH 2
100 %C % H %O % N
CCH 3 qua CT thc nghim (CaHbOdNd)n,
m m m m
x : y : z : t = C : H : O : N , khi bit MA suy ra n.
12 1 16 14
CCH 4 phng php th tch (phn ng chy)
y z
y
t0
C x H y O z + ( x + )O2
xCO2 + H 2 O
4 2
2
TM QUA CNG THC N GIN
n N ( A ) = 2n N 2 m N
Bo ton oxi
nO ( A) + nO ( PU ) = nO ( H 2O ) + 2nO ( CO2 )
(NH4)2SO4
*nh lng CO2 bng phn ng vi kim phi ch bi ton CO2
*nh lng nc bng cch s dng cc cht ht nc nh:
-CuSO4 khan (khng mu) CuSO4 + 5H2O
CuSO4.5H2O
(mu xanh)
-CaCl2 khan chuyn thnh CaCl2.6H2O
-P2O5 c phn ng P2O5 + 3H2O
2H3PO4
-H2SO4 c chuyn thnh dung dch c nng long hn.
-CaO hoc kim KOH, NaOH c
*Nu dng cht ht nc mang tnh baz hp th sn phm chy th khi lng bnh tng l khi
lng ca CO2 v H2O
*Nu dng cht mang tnh axit hay trung tnh (CaCl 2, P2O5, H2SO4) hp th sn phm chy th
khi lng bnh tng ln ch l khi lng ca H2O.
B2. THIT LP CNG THC N GIN
Sau khi xc nh s mol mi nguyn t; xc nh cng thc n gin
t cng thc ca A l CxHyOzNt
Ta c
%C %H %O %N
x : y : z : t = nC : nH : nO: nN =
:
:
:
=a : b : c : d trong a : b : c : d l t l nguyn ti
12 1 16 14
gin
CTG ca A l CaHbOcNd, cng thc phn t ca A c dng (CaHbOcNd)n vi n 1 nguyn.
B3. XC NH CH S n TRONG CNG THC THC NGHIM
C 2 cch ph bin tm ch s n
*DA VO KHI LNG MOL PHN T (MA)
Khi bit MA ta c: (12a + b + 16c + 14d).n = MA
*C th tm MA theo mt trong nhng du hiu sau:
mA
Da vo t khi hi cht kh. Da cng thc tnh MA =
nA
B. Bi tp
Cu 1: Xc nh CTPT ca mt cht A c t l khi lng cc nguyn t nh sau :mC: mH : mN: mS
= 3 : 1 : 7 : 8 Bit trong phn t A c 1 nguyn t S. (CH4N2S)
Cu 2 :
t chy hon ton a g mt cht hu c cha C, H, Cl thu c 0,22g CO 2 , 0,09g H2O. Khi phn
tch ag hp cht trn c mt AgNO3 th thu c 1,435g AgCl . Xc nh CTPT bit t khi hi ca
hp cht so vi NH3 l 5.
( CH2Cl2)
Cu 3 : t chy hon ton a g cht A cn dng 0,15 mol oxi , thu c 2,24 lt CO 2 (kc) v 2,7g
H2O . nh CTPT A.(C2H6O)
Cu 4 : t chy hon ton 0,01 mol mt hidrocacbon ri dn ton b sn phm sinh ra vo bnh
cha dd Ca(OH)2 d thy bnh nng thm 4,86g ng thi c 9g kt ta to thnh . Xc nh CTPT.
Cu 5 :
trong vng:
+ Cch xc nh s lk
nH2
Phn ng vi H2 (Ni,to):
n hydrocacbon
= +
B. 2- Metylpentan
C. 3-Metylpentan
D. 3-Etylbutan
2. 3-Etyl-2,3-Dimetylpentan c CTCT l:
C2H5
A.
CH
CH3
B.
CH3
CH
CH3
CH3 C2H5
CH CH
CH3 C2H5
CH3
CH3
CH3
C.
CH3
CH C
D. a,b,c u sai
CH2--CH3
C2H5 CH
3
3. Phn ng th gia 2-Metylbutan vi Cl2 (t l 1:1) cho my sn phm th?
A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5
4. Brom ho mt ankan thu c mt dn xut cha mt Brom c t khi hi so vi H 2 l 82,5.
CTPT ankan ny l:
A. CH4
B. C3H8
C. C5H12
D. C6H14
5. T CH4 (cc cht v c v iu kin c ) c th iu ch cc cht no sau y?
A. CH3Cl
B. C2H6
C. C3H8
D. C 3 cht trn
6. t chy hn hp CH4, C2H6, C3H8 thu c 2,24 lit CO2 (ktc) v 2,7g H2O. Th tch O2 (ktc)
tham gia phn ng chy l:
A. 2,48 l
B. 3,92 l
C. 4,53 l
D. 5,12 l
7. ng phn no ca C5H12 ch cho mt sn phm th monoclo?
A. CH3
C. CH3
CH3
B. CH3
1,3X l:
CH2
A.
CH2
C. CH2
CH CH3
C
CH2
CH3
CH3
D. Khng c ng phn no
CH3
8. X
+
Br2
Dibrompropan.
CH3
CH3
B. H2C
D. C A v C
CH2
9. Hidrocacbon X tc dng vi Cl2 (askt) vi t l mol 1:1 ch thu c mt dn xut clo c t khi
hi so vi H2 l 74,25. Cng thc cu to ng ca X l:
A. CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
B. C2H5 CH CH C2H5
CH3 CH3
C2H5
CH3
C.
C2H5
D. C H
2 5
C2H5
CH CH
C2H5
CH3 CH
3
10. Hp cht 2,3-dimetylbutan khi phn ng vi clo theo t l mol 1:1 c askt s thu c s sn
phm ng phn l:
A. 1
B. 5
C. 2
D. 4
CH CH2
11. Stiren (
) c cng thc tng qut l:
a) CnH2n-6
b) CnH2n-8
c) CnH2n-10
d) CnH2n-6-2k
12. Naptalen (
a) C10H6
13. Phn ng gia Toluen vi Kali pemanganat trong mi trng axit Sunfuric xy ra nh sau:
CH3
KMnO4
H2SO4
COOH
MnSO 4
K 2SO 4
+
H2O
Nhhp
+H2
Cao su Buna
A l:
a) n-Butan
b) Metan
c) t n
d) (b) hoc (c)
16. Cho hn hp A gm cc hi v kh: 0,1 mol Benzen; 0,2 mol Toluen; 0,3 mol Stiren v 1,4 mol
Hiro vo mt bnh kn, c cht xc tc Ni. un nng bnh kn mt thi gian, thu c hn hp B
gm cc cht: Xiclohexan, Metyl xiclohexan, Etyl xiclohexan, Benzen, Toluen, Etyl benzen v Hiro.
t chy hon ton lng hn hp B trn, ri cho hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung
dch nc vi c d, hp th ht sn phm chy. tng khi lng bnh ng nc vi l:
a) 240,8 gam
b) 260,2 gam
c) 193,6 gam
d) Khng d kin tnh
17*. Hn hp A gm Etan, Etilen, Axetilen v Butaien-1,3. t chy ht m gam hn hp A. Cho sn
phm chy hp th vo dung dch nc vi d, thu c 100 gam kt ta v khi lng dung dch
nc vi sau phn ng gim 39,8 gam. Tr s ca m l:
a) 58,75g
b) 13,8g
c) 60,2g
d) 37,4g
18. t chy hon ton mt hn hp hirocacbon, thu c 17,92 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 14,4 gam H2O. Th
tch O2 (ktc) cn dng t chy hn hp trn l:
a) 26,88 lt
b) 24,52 lt
c) 30,56 lt
d) Tt c u sai
19. Hn hp A gm 0,3 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol H2. un nng hn hp A c Ni lm xc tc, thu c hn
hp B. Hn hp B lm mt mu va 2 lt dung dch Br 2 0,075M. Hiu sut phn ng gia etilen
v hiro l:
a) 75%
b) 50%
c) 100%
d) Tt c u khng ng
20. X l mt hirocacbon. Hiro ha hon ton X th thu uc 3-etyl hexan. T khi hi ca X so vi
Hiro bng 52. Nu cho 10,4 gam X tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch bc nitrat trong
amoniac th to c 31,8 gam mt cht rn c mu vng nht. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
a) CH C CH CH2
C CH
b) CH C C
CH2
CH
CH3
CH3
c) CH C CH CH2
CH
C CH3
d) Ta
t cae
u sai
CH
CH2
21. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Hirocacbon A, thu c 0,6 mol CO 2 v 0,3 mol H2O. Cng 0,1 mol A
cho tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 th thu c 29,2 gam kt ta c mu
vng nht. A l:
a) 3-Metyl pentaiin-1,4
b) Hexaiin-1,5
c) Hexaien-1,3-in-5
d) (a), (b)
VN
Cu 1: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng phn t
Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo
dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c s gam kt ta l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Ca = 40)
A. 20.
B. 40.
C. 30.
D. 10.
Cu 2: Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn phm c thnh phn
khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, Cl = 35,5)
A. C3H6.
B. C3H4.
C. C2H4.
D. C4H8.
Cu 3: Hirat ha 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol (ru). Hai anken l
A. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en (hoc buten-1).B. propen v but-2-en (hoc buten-2).
C. eten v but-2-en (hoc buten-2).
D. eten v but-1-en (hoc buten-1).
Cu 4: Hn hp gm hirocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1:10. t chy hon ton
hn hp trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp kh Z c
t
khi i vi hiro bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H8.
B. C3H6.
C. C4H8.
D. C3H4.
Cu 5: Khi brom ha mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi i
vi hiro l 75,5. Tn ca ankan l (cho H = 1, C = 12, Br = 80)
A. 3,3-imetylhecxan.
B. isopentan.
C. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan.
D. 2,2-imetylpropan.
Cu6: t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi khng kh
(trong khng kh, oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 9,9 gam nc. Th tch
khng kh
( ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O
= 16)
A. 70,0 lt.
B. 78,4 lt.
C. 84,0 lt.
D. 56,0 lt.
Cu 7: Dn V lt ( ktc) hn hp X gm axetilen v hiro i qua ng s ng bt niken
nung nng, thu c kh Y. Dn Y vo lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3
thu c 12 gam kt ta. Kh i ra khi dung dch phn ng va vi 16 gam brom v cn li
kh Z. t chy hon ton kh Z thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 4,5 gam nc. Gi tr ca
V bng (Cho H = 1;
C = 12; O = 16; Br = 80; Ag = 108)
A. 11,2.
B. 13,44.
C. 5,60.
D. 8,96
Cu 8: Khi cho ankan X (trong phn t c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 83,72%) tc dng vi
clo theo t l s mol 1:1 (trong iu kin chiu sng) ch thu c 2 dn xut monoclo ng phn
ca nhau. Tn ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; Cl = 35,5)
A. 2-metylpropan.
B. 2,3-imetylbutan. C. butan.
D. 3-metylpentan.
Cu 9: S ng phn hirocacbon thm ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10 l
A. 5.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cu 10: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon
C4H8
Cao su Buna
(3)
+ HBr(1:1)
C4H6
(9)
(6)
(4)
(5)
(B)
(1)
etilen glycol
(11)
C6H14
(7) (8)
(12)
(10)
C2H6
(A)
(13)
(A)
(18)
(16)
(17)
(C)
P.E
(19)
C2H2
(21)
+ AgNO3/NH3
C4H4
(20)
(Y)
(22)
Anehit axetic
(24)
C6H12
(14)
C2H4Br
(15)
(23)
etilen oxit
C6H6
2. T CH4, stiren C6H5CH=CH2 v cc cht v c cn thit hy iu ch: PE, PP, PVA, cao su Buna,
cao su Buna-S, cao su isopren.
3. Nhn bit cc cht sau: - Kh metan, etilen, axetilen bng 2 cch.
- Propan, xiclopropan, propen, propin-1.
- Propen, axetilen, but-1,3-ien, metan.
4. Tinh ch: -
6. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c (A) cn 12,8g oxi. Sau phn ng thu c 16,8 lt hn hp
hi ( 136,5oC; 1atm) gm CO2 v hi nc. Hn hp ny c t khi so vi CH4 l 2,1.
a. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Vit CTCT c th c ca A.
b. Xc nh ng CTCT ca A v gi tn A bit rng A to kt ta vng khi cho tc dng vi
dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.
c. Tnh lng kt ta thu c khi dung 0,1 mol A phn ng vi AgNO 3/NH3 vi hiu sut
phn ng l 90%.
7. Mt hn hp gm axetilen, propilen, v metan. t chy hon ton 11g hn hp th thu c 12,6g
nc. Mt khc 5,6 lt hn hp ktc phn ng vi dung dch cha 50 gam Brom. Xc nh
thnh phn % th tch ca hn hp u.
8. Mt hn hp kh X gm mt ankan, mt anken, mt ankin c th tch 1,792 lt ktc c chia
thnh hai phn bng nhau:
-
Phn I: cho qua dung dch AgNO3 trong ammoniac d to 0,735 gam kt ta v th tch hn hp
gim 12,5%.
Phn II: em t chy hon ton ri hp th ton b sn phm vo 9,2 lt dung dch Ca(OH) 2
0.0125M thy c 11 gam kt ta.
Xc nh CTPT ca cc hirocacbon v tnh thnh phn % v th tch mi kh trong hn hp X
bit tng s nguyn t Cacbon ca anken v ankan bng 6.
BI TP HIROCACBON NO
Bi 1: Vit CTCT v gi tn tt c cc ng phn ng vi CTPT C 5H12. Trong cc ng phn , ng
phn no tc dng vi Cl2 di tc dng ca nh sng cho mt sn phm duy nht.
Bi 2: c tn cc cht sau:
CH3 CH3
a/ CH3 CH2 CH2 C - C CH3
C2H5 CH3
b/ CH3 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
C2H5 CH3
c/ CH3 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH CH3
C2H5 CH3
C2H5
d/ CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH3
Cl
CH3
CH2 CH3
Bi 3: Vit CTCT cc cht sau:
a/ 1-clo-2,3-imetylhexan.
b/ 3-etyl-2,4,6-trimetyloctan.
c/ 4-etyl-2,2,4-trimetylhexan.
d/ 3,5-ietyl-2,2,3-trimetyloctan
e/ 1-clo-3-etyl-2,4-imetylhexan.
Bi 4: Cht A l mt ankan th kh. t chy hon ton 1,2 lt A cn dng va ht 6 lt oxi ly cng
iu kin.
a/ Xc nh CTPT ca A.
b/ Cho cht A tc dng vi kh clo 25 0C v c nh sng. Hi c th thu c my dn xut
monoclo ca A. Cho bit tn dn xut v sn phm chnh.
Bi 5: Khi t chy hon ton 1,8 g mt ankan, ngi ta thy trong sn phm to thnh khi lng CO 2
nhiu hn khi lng H2O l 2,8 g
a/ Xc nh CTPT ca ankan.
b/ Vit CTCT v gi tn tt c cc ng phn ng vi CTPT .
Bi 6: Ankan X c cacbon chim 83,33% v khi lng phn t
a/ Tm CTPT, vit cc CTCT c th c ca X.
b/ Khi X tc dng vi brom un nng c chiu sng c th to ra 4 dn xut ng phn cha mt
nguyn t brom trong phn t. Vit CTCT v gi tn
Bi 7: Mt hn hp gm hai ankan A, B k cn trong dy ng ng, c t hi so vi H 2 l 33,2. Xc nh
CTPT ca 2 ankan v tnh thnh phn % theo th tch ca mi cht trong hn hp.
Bi 8: Hn hp M cha 2 ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy hon ton 22,2 g M cn
dng va ht 54,88 lt oxi (ktc). Xc nh CTPT v % v khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp M.
Bi 9: Hn hp X cha ancol etylic ( C2H5OH) v 2 ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Khi t chy
hon ton 18,9 g X, thu c 26,1 gam H 2O v 26,88 lt CO2 ( ktc). Xc nh CTPT v phn trm v khi
lng ca tng ankan trong hn hp.
Bi 10: Vit CTCT cc cht sau:
a/ 1,1-metylxiclopropan
b/ 1-etyl-1-metylxiclohexan.
c/ 1-metyl- 4 isopropylxiclohexan.
Bi 11: Mt monoxicloankan c t khi hi so vi N2 bng 3.
a/ Xc nh CTPT ca xicloankan.
b/ Vit CTCT v tn tt c cc xicloankan ng vi CTPT .
Bi 12: Hn hp kh A cha mt ankan v mt xicloankan. T khi ca A i vi H 2 l 25,8. t chy
hon ton 2,58gam A ri hp th ht sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d, thu c 35,46 gam kt
ta. Xc nh CTPT v % th tch ca tng cht trong hn hp kh A.
Bi 13: t chy hon ton 10,4 gam hp cht hu c A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh (1) cha
H2SO4 m c, bnh (2) cha vi trong d, thy khi lng bnh (1) tng 3,6 gam, bnh (2) thu c 30
gam kt ta. Khi ha hi 5,2 g A, thu c mt th tch ng bng th tch ca 1,6 gam oxi cng iu
kin nhit v p sut. Tm CTPT ca A.
ANCOL-PHENOL
A/ L THUYT.
CH3-CH=O
OH
CH3-C-OH
OH
+ H2O
CH3-COOH
+ H2O
b) Phn loi : C th phn loi theo cc tiu ch khc nhau nh: phn loi theo s nhm OH(ancol n
chc, ancol a chc); phn loi theo gc hirocacbon(ancol no, ancol khng no, ancol thm); phn loi
theo bc ca ancol
Mt s loi ancol tiu biu:
* Ancol no n chc mch h: CnH2n + 1OH (CnH2n + 2O) n 1.
VD: CH3OH, CH3CH2OH
* Ancol no mch vng, n chc
VD
OH
* Ancol khng no, n chc, mch h:
Ancol khng no c mt lin kt i, mch h, n chc: CnH2n -1OH (CnH2nO) n 3.
VD: Th d : CH2=CHCH2-OH.
* Ancol thm, n chc.
VD:
CH2
OH
* Ancol no a chc.
CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH2
VD:
OH
OH OH
OH
OH
CH3 CH CH3
OH
ancol bc II
CH3
CH3 C CH3
OH
ancol bc III
CH3 CH CH3
OH
+ ng phn khc nhm chc: Ancol v ete l cc ng phn khc nhm chc (bt u t C2)
CH3CH2OH
CH3OCH3
b) Danh php :
Tn thng thng
Danh php gc chc : Ancol + tn gc hirocacbon + ic
Th d :
OH
CH3 CH CH3
OH
CH3
CH3
C CH3
OH
Glixerol
Ancol benzylic
CH2 CH CH2
OH OH OH
Etilen glicol
Ancol isopropylic
CH2 CH2
OH OH
Ancol tert-butylic
CH3 CH CH3
OH
CH3
CH3 C CH3
OH
CH2 CH2
OH OH
Propan-2-ol
Etan-1,2-iol
2-metylpropan-2-ol
CH3 CH CH2 OH
CH3
Butan-1-ol
4
CH3 CH2 CH OH
1
2-metylpropan-1-ol
1CH
3
2
CH3 C OH
3CH
CH3
Butan-2-ol
2-metylpropan-2-ol
3. Tnh cht vt l.
Cc phn t ancol c kh nng to lin kt hiro lin phn t v vi nc.
Do c lin kt hiro gia cc phn t nn ancol c nhit si cao hn nhng cht c cng phn t
khi nhng khng c lin kt hiro(nh hirocacbon, dn xut halogen, anehit, xeton, ete, este).
C2H6 < C2H5F < C2H5Cl < C2H5Br < C2H5I < C2H5OH
CH3CHO, CH3COCH3, HCOOCH3, CH3OCH3 < C2H5OH
Nhit si ca cc ancol tng khi khi lng phn t tng,
CH3OH < C2H5OH < C3H7OH < C4H9OH
Mt khc nhit si li gim khi tng mc phn nhnh ca mch hay tng bc ca ancol.
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH > CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 > (CH3)3C-OH
Do c lin kt hiro vi nc nn cc ancol u dy tan v hn trong nc. tan ca cc ancol
vo nc gim khi mch C tng do tng phn ui khng phn cc.
4. Tnh cht ho hc
a) Phn ng th H ca nhm OH
Tnh cht chung ca ancol : cc ancol d dng tham gia phn ng vi kim loi kim (th hin tnh
axit):
2R-OH + 2Na 2R-ONa + H2
Th d : 2CH3-CH2-OH + 2Na 2CH3-CH2-ONa + H2
Phn ng c trng ca glixerol : tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch c mu xanh lam c trng.
2C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH)2 [C3H5(OH)2O]2Cu + 2H2O
ng(II) glixerat (xanh lam)
Phn ng ny c dng phn bit ancol a chc c cc nhm OH cnh nhau trong phn t vi
cc ancol khc.
Tc dng vi axit hu c-phn ng este ho este c xc tc axit
H 2SO 4 140 C
C2H5OH + CH3COOH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
b) Phn ng th nhm OH
Phn ng vi axit v c m c:
to
Th d : C2H5-OH + HBr
C2H5-Br + H2O
Phn ng ny chng t phn t ancol c nhm OH.
Phn ng vi ancol :
H 2SO 4 140o C
Th d : C2H5-OH + HOC2H5
C2H5-O-C2H5 + H2O
ietyl ete (ete etylic)
c) Phn ng tch nc
Khi un ancol no, n chc, mch h (tr metanol) c th b tch nc to thnh anken.
H 2SO4
CnH2n + H2O
CnH2n+1OH
170o C
Th d :
CH2 CH2
OH OH
H2SO4
170oC
d) Phn ng oxi ha
Phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton
-Ancol bc I b oxi ha thnh anehit :
t0
Th d : CH3-CH2-OH + CuO
CH3-CHO + Cu + H2O
-Ancol bc II b oxi ha thnh xeton :
t0
Th d : CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 + CuO
CH3-CO-CH3 + Cu + H2O
-Ancol bc III kh b oxi ho.
Phn ng oxi ha hon ton
3n
to
C n H 2n+1OH +
O 2
nCO 2 + (n+1)H 2O
2
Ch : nH2O > nCO2 Ancol no (n chc hoc a chc), mch h.
v nr u = nH2O nCO2
5. iu ch
a) iu ch etanol
H 2SO 4 , t o
Phng php tng hp : C 2 H 4 + H 2 O
C2 H 5OH
+H 2 O
enzim
C6 H12O 6
C 2 H 5OH
Phng php sinh ho : (C6 H10 O5 ) n
xt, t o
b) iu ch glixerol
+Cl2
+Cl2 + H 2O
CH 2 =CHCH 3
CH 2 =CHCH 2Cl
CH 2Cl CH(OH) CH 2 Cl
450o C
NaOH
C3 H 5 (OH)3
III. Phenol
1. nh ngha, phn loi
a) nh ngha : Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi
nguyn t cacbon ca vng benzen.
b) Phn loi : Da vo s lng nhm OH trong phn t, phenol c chia thnh :
Phenol n chc : Phn t ch c 1 nhm OH phenol. Th d : C6H5OH.
Phenol a chc : Phn t c hai hay nhiu nhm OH phenol.
Th d : C6H4(OH)2.
2. Phenol
a) Tnh cht vt l : iu kin thng, phenol l cht rn khng mu, nng chy 43 0C. Phenol rt
t tan trong nc lnh nhng tan nhiu trong nc nng v etanol.
b) Tnh cht ha hc : Phenol c phn ng th nguyn t H ca nhm OH tng t ancol v c tnh
cht ca vng benzen.
Phn ng th nguyn t H ca nhm OH
0
t
-Tc dng vi kim loi kim : 2C6H5OH + 2Na
2C6H5ONa + H2
-Tc dng vi dung dch baz : C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O
Phn ng ny c dng chng minh phenol c tnh axit mnh hn ancol.
OH
Br
Br
3Br2
3HBr
Br
2,4,6-tribromphenol (trng)
OH
NO2
O2N
OH
3HNO3
3H2O
NO2
2,4,6-trinitrophenol (vng)
Nhn xt :
nh hng ca vng benzen n nhm OH v nh hng ca nhm OH n vng benzen c
gi l nh hng qua li gia cc nguyn t trong phn t.
c) iu ch :
CH2=CHCH3
H+
CH CH3
CH3
O2
CH3
C O OH
CH3
dd H2SO4
OH + CH3 C CH3
O
B/ BI TP T LUN.
1. TNH CHT ANCOL.
Bi 1: Gi tn thng thng, tn quc t v cho bit bc ca cc ancol sau:
a. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
e. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3
b. CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH
f. (CH3)3COH
c. CH3[CH2]3CH2OH
g. (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH
d. CH2=CHCH(OH)CH3
h. CH2=CHCH2OH
Bi 2: Vit cng thc cu to cc ancol sau:
a. Ancol etylic
e. Ancol iso-amylic i. Propan-1,2-iol
m. 2-metylhexan-3ol
b. Ancol propylic
f.
2,2- j. Propan-1,3-iol
n. But-3-en-1-ol
c. Ancol iso-propylic imetylpropan-1-ol k. Ancol n-butylic
g. Xiclohexanol
d. Ancol amylic
l. Ancol iso-butylic p. Etan-1,2-iol
h. Xiclohex-2-en-1q.
Propan-1,2,3ol
triol
Bi 3: Vit cng thc cu to cc ancol ng phn c cng thc phn t C 6H14O v rt ra phng php vit
ng phn sao cho khng tha, khng thiu.
Bi 4 : Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn tt c cc ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C5H12O.
Bi 5 : Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn tt c cc ng phn ancol mch h ng vi cng thc phn t
C5H10O2.
Bi 6: Sp xp cc cht sau y theo chiu tng dn nhit si v gii thch: CH 3OH, CH3OCH3,
C2H5OH, C2H5OC2H5.
Bi 7: Trong cc cht sau y, cht no tan trong nc tt hn? V sao?
a. C4H9OH v C2H5OC2H5.
b. CH3COOC2H5 v C4H9OH.
Bi 8: Cho propilen tc dng vi HCl c hp cht A. Thu phn A vi xc tc kim th thu c hp
cht B. un nng B vi H 2SO4 c 140 0C thu c C. Vit s phn ng biu din qu trnh trn v
gi tn cc cht A, B, C.
Bi 9: a. Vit cng thc biu din lin kt hiro gia cc phn t phenol v gia phn t phenol vi phn
t nc.
b. So snh im si, im chy v tan trong nc ca ancol etylic vi phenol.
Bi 10: Vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn hp cht thm ng vi CTPT C 8H10O v vit phng trnh
phn ng ca cc hp cht nu c vi Na, dung dch NaOH.
Bi 11: Hp cht A c cng thc phn t C 7H8O, khng phn ng vi NaOH, khng phn ng vi Na,
phn ng vi nc brom cho hai cht c cng thc phn t C 7H7OBr (B v C). Vit PTP v xc nh
CTCT A, B, C.
Bi 12: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc cht sau: C6H5OH, C6H5CH2OH, C2H5OH, p-HO-C6H4CH2OH
vi Na, dung dch NaOH, dung dch Br2.
Bi 13: Hy nhn bit cc cht cho trong cc nhm sau y bng phng php ho hc:
a. Toluen, phenol, ancol etylic, axit axetic
b. Stiren, etylbenzen, 2phenyletanol, 2-etylphenol.
Bi 14: 1-T mtan, vit s iu ch cc ancol sau : metanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, Butan-1-ol,
etilen glicol, Glixerol, butan-1,4-iol, propan-1,2-iol.
2-Phn bit: Glixerol, propan-2-ol, propan-1,3-iol.
Bi 15: Cho cc ancol: propylic (A) , iso-propylic (B) v Glixerol (C)
1-T A iu ch B v ngc li .
2-T A hoc B iu ch C.
Bi 16: T butan-1-ol v cc cht v c cn thit khc hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch metyl
etyl ete.
Bi 17: Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng theo s chuyn ho sau (ghi r iu kin nu c):
A H2O B +H2O C H2O D +HO E
Bit E l mt ancol bc 3 c cng thc phn t l C5H12O.
Bi 18: Chia m gam hn hp hai ancol l ng ng ca ancol metylic thnh hai phn bng nhau:
Phn I: B t chy hon ton thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc).
Phn II: B tch nc hon ton thu c hn hp hai anken.Tnh khi lng nc khi thu c t khi t
chy ht hai anken ny.
(p s: m nc = 1,8 gam.)
2
2. XC NH 1 RUU.
Bi 19: 1- Ancol A c cng thc n gin nht l C3H8O. Bin lun tm CTPT ca A.
2-Mt ancol no, a chc c cng thc nguyn l (C 2H5O)n. Tm CTPT ca ancol.
(C3H8O v C4H10O2)
Bi 20: C 5 cht ch cha mt loi chc ancol c cng thc C 3H 8On. Tm CTCT ca 5 ancol .
(n = 1-3)
Bi 21: em t chy ton 7,4 gam mt ancol A thu c 0,4 mol CO 2 v 0,5 mol H2O.Tm CTPT ca A
v CTCT ca A, bit rng khi tin hnh tch nc ca A thu c 2 anken ng phn v v tr lin kt
i.
(C4H10O)
Bi 22: A, B, C l cc ancol no, mch h.
t chy hon ton 1 mol A cn 3,5 mol O2.
t chy hon ton 1 mol B cn 2,5 mol O2.
C c khi lng phn t bng 92 v.C. Cho 2,3 gam C tc dng ht vi K thu c 0,0375 mol H2.
Hy
xc
nh
cng
thc
phn
t
ca
A,
B,
C.
(C3H8O3; C2H6O2; C3H8O3)
Bi 23: Cho mt ancol A mch h, c th no hay cha mt ni i c CTPT l CxH 10O. Ly 0,02 mol
CH3OH v 0,01 mol A em trn vi 0,1 mol O 2 ri t chy hon ton hai ancol. Sau phn ng thy c O 2
d. Xc nh CTCT ca A.
(C4H10O)
Bi 24: Mt ancol no a chc A c cha x nguyn t C v y nhm OH trong phn t. Cho 7,6 gam ancol
trn phn ng vi lng d natri thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc).
a, Lp biu thc lin h gia x v y.
b, Cho x = y + 1. Tm cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to A.
(p s: C3H6(OH)2)
Bi 25: Hn hp A cha glyxerin v mt ancol no n chc mch h. Cho 20,3 gam A tc dng vi Na d
thu c 5,04 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc 8,12 gam A ho tan va ht 1,96 gam Cu(OH) 2. Hy xc nh cng
thc phn t, cng thc cu to, v thnh phn % khi lng ca ancol trong hn hp A.
(p s: C4H9OH = 54,68%).
Bi 26: t chy hon ton ancol no A n chc thu c s mol nc bng s mol oxi em t. Xc nh
cng thc phn t ca A. Cho 12,72 gam hn hp X gm CH 3COOH v A tc dng trong mi trng
H2SO4 thu c hn hp Y cha 8,448 gam este. Nu hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 1M th cn
120 ml. Tnh hiu sut phn ng este ho.
(p s: A: C2H5OH, 80%)
Bi 27: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp 3 ancol n chc gm: metanol, propanol-1 v ancol khng
no cha mt ni i A th thu c 7,04 gam CO 2 v 4,32 gam H2O. Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng
thc cu to v gi tn ancol A.
(p s: C3H5OH)
Bi 28: Cho m gam hn hp gm C2H5OH, C3H7OH v mt ancol n chc khng no c mt ni i. Chia
hn hp thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng vi Na va thu c 2,24 lt H 2(ktc). Phn 2 t
chy hon ton th thu c 15,232 lt CO 2(ktc) v 14,04 gam H2O. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca ancol
cha bit v tnh % khi lng mi ancol c trong hn hp.
(C 2H5OH : C3H7OH
: C4H7OH = 7,12:37,15:55,73%)
Bi 29: Hn hp A gm 0,1 mol etylenglicol v 0,2 mol cht X. t chy ht hn hp A cn 21,28 lt
O2 (ktc) v thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v 19,8 gam H2O. Nu cho hn hp A tc dng ht vi Na thu c
8,96 lt H2 (ktc). Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to v gi tn X.
(C3H8O3)
Bi 30: B l mt ancol c cha mt lin kt i trong phn t, khi lng phn t ca B nh hn 60 vC.
a-Xc nh cng thc phn t ca B.
b-Vit cng thc cu to, cc ng phn mch h c th c ca B v trnh by cch phn bit cc ng
phn bng phng php ho hc.
(B: C3H5OH)
Bi 31: C mt hp cht hu c n chc Y, t chy Y ta ch thu c CO 2 v H2O vi s mol nh nhau
v s mol oxi tiu tn gp 4 ln s mol ca Y. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT mch h ca Y. Bit rng : Y lm
mt mu nc brom v khi hp hiro th thu c ancol n chc, cn khi phn ng vi dung dch KMnO 4
thu c ancol a chc. Vit cc PTP xy ra (ghi r iu kin).
(Y: C3H5OH)
3. XC NH NHIU ANCOL.
Bi 32: Cho 11 gam hn hp hai ancol no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi Na d
thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc cng ly 11 gam hn hp hai ancol no n chc trn t chy
hon ton to ra V lt kh CO2 v m gam H2O.
a, Tnh V v m.
b, Tm cng thc phn t ca hai ancol v thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi ancol trong hn hp.
(p s: a: V = 8,92 lt, m = 12,6
gam;b: 41,82% v 38,18%)
Bi 33: Cho 16,6 gam hn hp hai ancol k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca metanol phn ng vi Na
d th thu c 3,36 lt hiro (ktc). Xc nh cng thc cu to v thnh phn % ca hai ancol trong hn
hp .
(C2H5OH v C3H7OH; 25% v 75%)
Bi 34: t chy hon ton 2 ancol n chc, ng ng k tip thu c CO 2 v hi H2O theo t l th
tch 7:10.
1 Chng minh hn hp cha 2 ancol no.
2
Tm
cng
thc
phn
t
ca
2
ancol.
(C2H5OH v C3H7OH)
Bi 35: Chia hn hp X gm hai ancol n chc, hn km nhau khng qu 2 nguyn t cacbon thnh hai
phn bng nhau: Phn 1 cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,0125 mol H 2. Phn 2 em t chy hon ton
thu c 0,035 mol CO2 v 0,055 mol H2O. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to v % khi lng mi ancol
trong hn hp X.
Bi 36: Cho 3,39 gam hn hp A gm 2 ancol no n chc tc dng vi Na d sinh ra 0,672lt H2 (ktc)
a) Tnh th tch CO2 v H2O sinh ra khi t chy hon ton lng ancol trn. Tnh th tch oxi cn thit cho
phn ng chy ktc.
b) un nng A vi H2SO4 c 1400C. Tnh khi lng ete sinh ra v xc nh khi lng phn t trung
bnh ca hn hp ete .
c) Xc nh CTPT v khi lng ca mi ancol, nu chng l ng ng lin tip.
(a: 3,696 lt CO 2 v 4,05g H2O, 5,544 lt O2; b: mete = 2,85g;
c: C2H5OH-0,9g; C3H7OH-2,49g)
Bi 37: A v B l hai ancol n chc c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong A l ancol no, B l ancol
khng no c mt ni i. Hn hp X gm 3 gam A v 2,9 gam B. Cho hn hp X tc dng vi Na d sinh
ra 0,05mol H2. Xc nh A, B.
(C3H8O v C3H6O)
Bi 38: A, B, C l 3 ancol n chc, mch h; trong A, B l hai ancol no, A c khi lng phn t
nhiu B l 28 vC; C l ancol khng no, mt ni i. t chy ht mt lng hn hp 3 ancol trn cn
0,23 mol O2, thu c 0,16 mol CO2 v 0,24 mol H2O. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, C.
(CH4O, C3H8O, C3H6O)
Bi 39: Cho m gam hn hp gm 3 ancol n chc A, B, C. Trong A v B l cc ng ng k tip, C
l ancol khng no c 1 ni i. Chia hn hp thnh 3 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng vi Na va
thu c 5,6 lt H2(ktc). Phn 2 l mt mu va dung dch c cha 16 gam brm. t chy hon ton
phn 3 th thu c 17,92 lt CO 2(ktc). Xc nh CTCT ca 3 ancol v nhn bit 3 ancol ring bit
bng
phng
php
ho
hc.
(CH4O, C2H6O v C3H6O)
Bi 40:
Th nghim 1: Trn 0,015 mol ancol no A vi 0,02 mol ancol no B ri cho hn hp tc dng vi Na d thu
c 1,008 lt H2(ktc).
Th nghim 2: Trn 0,02 mol ancol A vi 0,015 mol ancol B ri cho hn hp tc dng ht vi Na c
0,9952 lt kh H2 (ktc).
Th nghim 3: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp ancol nh trong th nghim 1 ri cho tt c sn
phm chy i qua bnh ng CaO mi nung, d thy khi lng bnh tng thm 6,21 gam.
a. Tm cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to v gi tn cc ancol .
b. Cho mt lng hn hp ancol nh th nghim 2 tham gia phn ng este ho vi 6 gam axit axetic. Tnh
khi lng mi este thu c gi s phn ng este ho c hiu sut l 100%.
(p s: a: etilenglicol v glixerol; b: 2,92 gam v 3,27 gam.)
Ancol Ete
Bi 41: un nng mt hn hp gm 2 ancol no, n chc vi H2SO4 c 140o C thu c 21,6 gam H2O
v 72gam hn hp 3 te c s mol bng nhau. Tm CTPT cc ancol, bit hiu sut cc phn ng bng
100% v khi tch nc ca hn hp 2 ancol ny 1800C c xc tc H2SO4 c th ch thu c 1 olefin.
(C3H8O)
Bi 42: un nng hn hp hai ancol mch h vi H 2SO4 c c hn hp cc ete. Ly X l mt trong
cc ete em t chy hon ton ta c t l v s mol ca cc cht nh sau: X : O2 : CO2 : H2O = 0,25
: 1,375 : 1 : 1
Mt khc khi cho axit A l ng ng ca axit oxalic tc dng vi mt trong hai ancol trn khi c mt
H2SO4 c lm xc tc thu c este B. x phng ho hon ton 8,7 gam este B cn 200 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,5 M. Tm cng thc cu to ca 2 ancol v axit A.
(p s: Ancol: CH 3OH
v C3H5OH, axit: C4H8(COOH)2).
Bi 43: un nng 16,6 gam hn hp A gm 3 ancol no n chc: AOH, BOH, ROH vi H 2SO4 c
1400C ta thu c 13,9 gam hn hp 6 ete c s mol bng nhau. Mt khc nu un nng hn hp A vi
H2SO4 c 1800C th thu c hn hp kh ch gm hai olefin l ng ng lin tip.
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca cc ancol bit hiu sut phn ng l 100%.
b. Tnh % theo khi lng ca mi ancol trong hn hp A.
c. Tnh % theo th tch ca mi olefin trong hn hp ca chng.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
A. CuSO4 khan.
B. Na kim loi.
C. Benzen.
D. CuO.
Cht hu c X mch h, bn c ng phn cis- trans c cng thc phn t C4H8O, X lm mt mu
dung dch Br2 v tc dng vi Na gii phng kh H2. X ng vi cng thc phn t no sau y ?
A. CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-OH
B. CH3-CH=CH-CH2-OH
C. CH2=C(CH3)-CH2-OH
D. CH3-CH2-CH=CH-OH
Ho tan 70,2 gam C2H5OH (D=0,78 gam/ml) vo nc c 100 ml dung dch c ancol bng
A. 29,50.
B. 39,50.
C. 900.
D. 960.
Ancol no, a chc X c cng thc n gin nht l C2H5O. X c cng thc phn t no sau y ?
A. C2H5O
B. C4H10O2.
C. C6H15O3
D. C8H20O4
Chiu gim dn linh ng ca nguyn t H (t tri qua phi) trong nhm OH ca ba hp cht
C6H5OH, C2H5OH, H2O l
A. HOH, C6H5OH, C2H5OH.
B. C6H5OH, HOH, C2H5OH.
C. C2H5OH, C6H5OH, HOH.
D. C2H5OH, HOH, C6H5OH.
Cho dung dch cc cht sau: (a) H2SO4 long; (b) HCl long; (c) HNO3 m c; (d) HBr c, bc
khi. Cc dung dch c phn ng vi CH3-CH2-CH2-OH l
A. a, b, c.
C. c, d.
B. b, c.
D. b, d.
Khi un nng CH3CH2CHOHCH3 vi H2SO4 c, 180oC th s ng phn cu to v hnh hc thu
c l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 1.
H 2SO4
c
+NaOH
+NaOH
+ Br2
+ HCl
Y
Z
K
Cho s phn ng sau : But-1-en
X
T
to
180o C
to
Bit X, Y, Z, T, K u l sn phm chnh ca tng giai on. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca K l
A. CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.
B. CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3.
C. CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2OH.
D. CH2(OH)CH2CH2CH2OH.
H 2SO4, 1700 C
H 2O (H 2SO4lo ng)
Cho dy chuyn ha sau : CH 3CH 2CH 2OH
X
Y
Bit X, Y l sn phm chnh. Vy cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l
A. CH3CH=CH2, CH3CH2CH2OH.
B. CH3CH=CH2, CH3CH2CH2OSO3H.
C. CH3CH=CH2, CH3CH(OH)CH3.
D. C3H7OC3H7, CH3CH2CH2OSO3H.
Cho Na tc dng vi etanol d sau chng ct ui ht etanol d ri nc vo cht rn cn
li trong bnh, sau thm vo bnh vi git dung dch qu tm thy dung dch
A. c mu xanh.
B. khng mu.
C. c mu .
D. c mu tm.
un nng hn hp 3 ancol no, n chc, mch h vi H 2SO4 c nhit thch hp th c th thu
c ti a bao nhiu ete ?
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
H2SO4
c, 1700 C
Br2 (dd)
Cho dy chuyn ha sau : CH 3CH 2CHOHCH 3
E
F
Bit E, F l sn phm chnh, cc cht phn ng vi nhau theo t l 1 :1 v s mol. Cng thc cu to th
gn ca F l
A. CH3CH2CHBrCH2Br
B. CH3CHBrCHBrCH3
C. CH3CH2CBr2CH3
D. CH2BrCH2CH=CH2
A l hp cht hu c c cng thc phn t C 4H10O. Bit: Khi oxi ho A bng CuO ( t0), thu c
anehit. Khi cho anken to thnh t A hp nc (H+, t0) th cho mt ancol bc 1 v mt ancol bc
3.
Tn gi ca A l:
A. Butan-1-ol.
B. Butan-2-ol.
C. 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
D.
2metylpropan-1-ol.
Khi tch nc t mt cht X c cng thc phn t C 4H10O thu c ti a ba anken l ng phn
ca nhau (tnh c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3.
B. CH3OCH2CH2CH3.
C. (CH3)3COH.
D. CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH.
Cht X c cng thc phn t C 4H10O. Khi oxi ho X bng CuO (to) th thu c cht hu c Y c
kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Mt khc khi cho anken to ra t X hp nc (H+, to) th
cho mt ancol bc 1 v mt ancol bc 2. X c cng thc cu to no di y
A. Butan-1-ol.
B. Butan-2-ol.
C. 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
D. 2metylpropan-1-ol.
Cht hu c X cha cc nguyn t C, H, O. Cho X tc dng vi H2 d c mt Ni, un nng, thu c cht
hu c Y. un Y vi H2SO4 c 170oC thu c cht hu c Z. Trng hp Z thu c poliisobutilen.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH2=CH-CH(CH3)-OH.
B. CH2=C(CH3)-CH2-OH.
C. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-OH.
D. CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-OH.
un nng 2,3-imetylpentan-2-ol vi H2SO4 c, 170oC, thu c sn phm chnh l
A. CH2=CHCH(CH3)CH(CH3)2
B. CH3-CH=C(CH3)CH(CH3)2
C. C2H5CH(CH3)C(CH3)=CH2
D. (CH3)2C=C(CH3)CH2CH3
Cho cc cht sau: C2H5Cl ; CH3OCH3 ; C3H7OH ; C2H5OH. Cht c nhit si cao nht l
A. C2H5Cl.
B. CH3OCH3.
C. C3H7OH
D. C2H5OH.
0
Khi oxi ha ancol A bng CuO, t , thu c anehit B, vy ancol A l
A. ancol bc 1.
B. ancol bc 2. C. ancol bc 1 hoc ancol bc 2. D. ancol bc 3.
Khi cho 2,2-imetylpropanol tc dng vi HCl thu c sn phm chnh l cht no sau y ?
A. 1-clo-2,2-imetylpropan
B. 3-clo-2,2-imetylpropan
C. 2-clo-3-metylbutan
D. 2-clo-2-metylbutan
Mt ancol n chc X mch h tc dng vi HBr c dn sut Y cha 58,4% Br v khi lng.
un X vi H2SO4 m c 180oC thu c 3 anken. Tn gi ca X l
A. Butan-1-ol.
B. Pentan-1-ol . C. Butan-2-ol. D. 2-metylpropan-1-ol.
Trong cng nghip, sn xut etanol ngi ta
A. hirat ha etilen vi xc tc H3PO4/SiO2 (to, p).
B. chng khan g.
C. i t dn xut halogen bng phn ng vi dung dch kim.
D. thy phn este trong mi
trng kim.
Cho cc ancol sau :
CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
(1) CH3-CH(OH)-CH3
(2)
CH3-CH2(OH)-CH2-CH3
(3) CH3-CH(OH)-C(CH3)3
(4)
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH
(5) CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3
(6)
Dy gm cc ancol khi tch nc ch cho 1 olefin duy nht l
A.(1), (2), (5).
B. (1), (2), (3).
C. (1), (2), (4), (5), (6).
D. (2), (3), (6).
Nhng pht biu no di y lun ng ?
(1) : Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c vng benzen v nhm OH
(2) : Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c cha nhm -OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn
t cacbon ca vng benzen.
(3) : Phenol tan v hn trong nc lnh.
(4) : Phenol tan v hn trong nc 660C.
(5) : Phenol tan c trong etanol
(6) : Phenol khng tan c trong axeton
A.(2), (4), (6).
B. (2), (4), (5).
C. (1), (2), (4), (5).
D. (3), (5), (6).
Nhng pht biu no di y lun ng ?
(1) : Phenol l mt axit nhng lc axit yu hn axit cacbonic.
(2) : Dung dch phenol lm qu tm ho .
(3) : Khc vi benzen, phenol c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Br2.
(4) : Phenol ch tc dng vi NaOH, khng tc dng vi Na.
A.(1), (3).
B. (1), (2), (3).
C. (1), (3), (4).
D. (2), (3).
Etanol v phenol ng thi phn ng c vi
A. Na, CH3COOH.
B. Na.
C. Na, NaOH.
D. Na, dung dch Br2.
+ NaOH
+ Cl 2 (1:1)
+
CO
2 d + H 2 O
X
Cho dy chuyn ho sau : Benzen
Y
Z
p, t o
Fe, t o
Z l hp cht no di y
A. C6H5OH
B. C6H5CO3H
C. Na2CO3
D. C6H5ONa.
C bao nhiu ng phn cu to l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t C 6H6O2 c th tc dng vi
NaOH theo t l mol 1 : 2 ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4.
A l hp cht thm tc dng vi Na nhng khng tc dng vi NaOH. A l cht no trong s cc
cht cho di y ?
A. C6H5OCH3
B. p-CH3C6H4OH
C. HOCH2C6H4OH
D. C6H5CH2OH.
C bao nhiu ng phn l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t C 8H10O tc dng c vi Na,
khng tc dng vi NaOH ?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
C bao nhiu ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C 8H10O (l dn xut ca benzen) khng tc
dng vi NaOH, cn khi tch nc thu c sn phm c th trng hp to polime.
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
+ Cl 2 (1:1)
+ NaOH
+ CuO
X
Z
Cho dy chuyn ho sau: C6H5CH3
Y
as
t0
t0
Cht Z c cng thc l
A. C6H5CH2OH
B. C6H5CHO
C. C6H5OCH3
D. HOC6H4CH3
X l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t C7H8O. S ng phn ca X c phn ng vi NaOH l
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Hin tng th nghim no di y c m t khng ng ?
A. Cho dung dch Br2 vo dung dch phenol, xut hin kt ta trng
B. Cho qu tm vo dung dch phenol, qu chuyn sang mu
C. Cho phenol vo dung dch NaOH, ban u phn lp, sau to dung dch ng nht.
D. Dn dng kh CO2 i vo dung dch natri phenolat thy xut hin vn c
Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi phenol l
A. dung dch NaCl, dung dch NaOH, kim loi Na.
B. nc brom, anhirit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
C. nc brom, axit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
D. nc brom, anehit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
C th dng thuc th no di y phn bit stiren, ancol benzylic v phenol ?
A. Dung dch NaOH.
B. Qu tm.
C. Na.
D. Dung dch Br2.
C 3 cht lng khng mu ng trong cc l mt nhn : ancol etylic, phenol, axit fomic. nhn
bit 3 dung dch trn c th dng thuc th no ?
A. Qu tm v dung dch NaOH.
B. Dung dch NaHCO3 v Na.
C. Qu tm v dung dch NaHCO3.
D. Cu(OH)2 v Na.
un nng 3,57 gam hn hp A gm propyl clorua v phenyl clorua. vi dung dch NaOH long,
va , sau thm tip dung dch AgNO 3 n d vo hn hp sau phn ng thu c 2,87 gam
kt ta. Khi lng phenyl clorua c trong hn hp A l
A. 1,0 gam.
B. 1,57 gam.
C. 2,0 gam.
D. 2,57 gam.
Cho 10,15 gam hn hp X gm CH2=CHCH2Cl, C6H5CH2Cl tc dng hon ton vi dung dch
NaOH d, un nng. Kt thc th nghim thu c 5,85 gam mui. Tng khi lng cc ancol thu
c l
A. 8,3 gam
B. 14,15 gam
C. 20,0 gam
D. 5,40 gam
un nng ancol no mch h X vi hn hp KBr v H 2SO4 c (ly d) thu c cht hu c Y
(cha C, H, Br). Bit 12,3 gam Y c th tch bng th tch ca 2,8 gam N 2 cng iu kin. X c
cng thc cu to l
A. CH3OH.
B. C2H5OH.
C. CH3CH(OH)CH3.
D. CH2=CHCH2OH.
un si hn hp gm C2H5Br v KOH d trong C2H5OH, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, dn
kh sinh ra qua dung dch brom d, thy c 8,0 gam Br2 tham gia phn ng. Khi lng C2H5Br
em phn ng l
A. 1,40 gam
B. 2,725 gam
C. 5,450 gam
D. 10,90 gam
un nng mt ancol no, n chc, mch h X vi H 2SO4 c 1400C thu c ete Y c t khi hi
so vi X bng 1,7. X tc dng vi CuO to sn phm c phn ng trng gng. Tn gi ca X l
A. metanol.
B. etanol.
C. propan-1-ol.
D. propan-2-ol.
un nng 27,40 gam CH3CHBrCH2CH3 vi KOH d trong C2H5OH, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton thu c hn hp kh X gm hai olefin trong sn phm chnh chim 80%, sn phm ph
chim 20%. t chy hon ton X thu c bao nhiu lt CO2 (ktc) ?
A. 4,48 lt
B. 8,96 lt
C. 11,20 lt
D. 17,92 lt
un nng m1 gam ancol no, n chc X vi H2SO4 c nhit thch hp thu c m2 gam cht
hu c Y. T khi hi ca Y so vi X bng 0,7. Hiu sut ca phn ng t 100%. X c cng thc
phn t l
A. C2H5OH.
B. C3H7OH.
C. C4H9OH.
D. C5H11OH.
un nng ancol no, n chc A vi hn hp KBr v H2SO4 c thu c cht hu c Y (cha C, H,
Br), trong Br chim 73,4% v khi lng. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. CH3OH.
B. C2H5OH.
C. C3H7OH.
D. C4H9OH.
un nng m1 gam ancol no, n chc, mch h A vi H2SO4 c nhit thch hp thu c m 2
gam cht hu c B. T khi hi ca B so vi A bng 1,4375. Hiu sut ca phn ng t 100%.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
Cho m gam hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng tc dng
vi Na d thu c 0,448 lt H 2 (ktc). t chy hon ton m gam X thu c 2,240 lt CO 2 (ktc).
Cng thc phn t ca hai ancol l
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH.
D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
Hn hp M gm 2 cht hu c X, Y k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng, phn t ca chng ch
c mt loi nhm chc. t chy hon ton hn hp M, cho ton b sn phm chy (ch c CO 2 v
hi H2O) vo dung dch nc vi trong d, thy khi lng bnh tng 5,24 gam v to ra 7 gam cht
kt ta. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y l
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
C. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
D. C2H4(OH)2 v HO-CH2-CH(OH)- CH3.
t chy hon ton m (g) hn hp X gm hai ancol A v B thuc cng dy ng ng thu c
6,72 lt CO2 v 7,65 gam H2O. Mt khc khi cho m (g) hn hp X tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,8
lt H2. Bit t khi hi ca mi cht so vi hiro u nh hn 40, cc th tch kh o ktc. A v B
c cng thc phn t ln lt l
A. C2H6O, CH4O.
B. C2H6O, C3H8O.
C. C2H6O2, C3H8O2
D. C3H6O, C4H8O.
Hn hp X gm ancol metylic v ancol no, n chc A. Cho 7,6 gam X tc dng vi Na d thu
c 1,68 lt H2 (ktc), mt khc oxi ha hon ton 7,6 gam X bng CuO (t0) ri cho ton b sn
phm thu c tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 21,6 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn
t ca A l
A. C2H5OH.B. CH3CH2CH2OH. C. CH3CH(CH3)OH. D. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH.
Hn hp X gm ancol metylic v mt ancol no, n chc A, mch h. Cho 2,76 gam X tc dng
vi Na d thu c 0,672 lt H 2 (ktc), mt khc oxi ha hon ton 2,76 gam X bng CuO (t 0) thu
c hn hp anehit. Cho ton b lng anehit ny tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu
c 19,44 gam cht kt ta. Cng thc cu to ca A l
A. C2H5OH.B. CH3CH2CH2OH.
C. CH3CH(CH3)OH.
D. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH.
t chy hon ton ancol n chc A thu c 13,2 gam CO 2 v 8,1 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t
ca A l cng thc no sau y ?
A. CH3OH
B. C2H5OH
C. C3H7OH
D. C3H5OH
t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol A v B thuc dy ng ng ca ancol metylic ngi
ta thu c 70,4 gam CO2 v 39,6 gam H2O. Vy m c gi tr no sau y ?
A. 3,32 gam
B. 33,2 gam
C. 16,6 gam
D. 24,9 gam
Ha hi hon ton 2,48 gam mt ancol no, mch h X thu c th tch hi bng th tch ca 1,12
gam kh N2 ( cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H8O3.
B. C2H6O.
C. C2H6O2.
D. C3H8O.
Khi oxi ha 6,9 gam ancol etylic bng CuO (t o) vi hiu sut phn ng t 80% th lng anehit
axetic thu c l
A. 3,68 gam
B. 5,28 gam
C. 6,6 gam
D. 8,25 gam
t chy hon ton ancol n chc A thu c 4,4 gam CO 2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t
ca A l
A. CH3OH.
B. C2H5OH.
C. C3H5OH.
D. C3H7OH.
X l ancol no, a chc, mch h. Khi t chy hon ton 1,0 mol X cn 2,5 mol O 2. Vy cng thc
ca X l
A. C3H6(OH)2.
B. C3H5(OH)3.
C. C4H7(OH)3.
D. C2H4(OH)2.
X l mt ancol no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi, thu c hi nc v
6,6 gam CO2. Cng thc ca X l
A. C2H4(OH)2.
B. C3H7OH.
C. C3H5(OH)3.
D. C3H6(OH)2.
t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c X l dn xut ca benzen, khi lng CO 2 thu c nh
hn 35,2 gam. Bit rng, 1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn
ca X l
A. C2H5C6H4OH. B. HOC6H4CH2OH.
C. HOCH2C6H4COOH.
D. C6H4(OH)2.