Thit k mng my tnh

MC LC
MC LC........................................................................................................... 1 PACKET TRACER ............................................................................................ 2 I. GII THIU CHNG TRNH. ............................................................... 2 II. LM QUEN VI CHNG TRNH ....................................................... 5 III. NHNG KHNG GIAN LM VIC C BN. .................................... 6 1. Logical workspace- khng gian lm vic mc logic. .......................... 6 2. Physical workspace Khng gian lm vic mc vt l. ..................... 9 IV. CC CH X L . ......................................................................... 13 1. Real-time .............................................................................................. 14 2. Simulation mode ................................................................................... 17 V. ACTIVITY WIZARD.............................................................................. 23 VI. CC BC THC HIN MT KT NI WIRELESS...................... 31

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PACKET TRACER
I. GII THIU CHNG TRNH.
Packet Tracer 4.1 l mt phn mm ca Cisco gip chng ta thit k mt h thng mng o vi mi tnh hung ging nh tht. Packet Tracer c dng rt nhiu trong hu ht cc chng trnh ging dy v hun luyn ti cc trng hay cc trung tm. Cc hng xng cng dng Packet Tracer v v thit k h thng mng ca mnh. Vi Packet Tracer bn c th t to mt mng o vi y cc thit b, truyn thng (traffic) v my ch. Bn c th cu hnh cc routers, switches, wireless access points, servers, v cc thit b u cui (end devices). Nhng tnh nng chnh ca chng trnh : Logical Workspace Vng lm vic Logic : Bn c th to c nhiu kiu mng ( bus , star.), s dng cc thit b c sn hoc c th thm cc modul nu cn thit . S dng cc router , hub , switch , Wireless access point .Cc thit b c kt ni theo nhiu kiu khc nhau. Physical Workspace Vng lm vic vt l . Cho bn bit cc thit b c t , t chc nh th no trong mt phng sau khi bn thit k mng mc logic Physical Workspace c chia lm 4 mc: Intercity, City, Building, and Wiring Closet Intercity ( lin thnh ph) : c th c nhiu city.

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City : c th c nhiu bulidings( ta nh).

Building : mi mt ta nh c nhiu wring closet.

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Wring closet : l ni cho bn thy cc thit b m bn thit k mc logical.

Realtime Mode Ch thi gian thc Cho php bn cu hnh router , switch, s dng cc cu lnh nh ping, show. ng thi kim tra cc thit b khi di chut n mt i tng no . V d : Khi bn di chut ti mt con routerth mt cc cng trn n s hin ra cho bn bit c a ch IP.

Protocols Cc giao thc

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Thit k mng my tnh LAN: Ethernet (bao gm CSMA/CD), 802.11 Switching: VLANs, 802.1q, trunking, VTP, DTP, STP TCP/IP: HTTP, DHCP, Telnet, TFTP, DNS, TCP, UDP, IP, ICMP, v ARP Routing: tnh, default, RIPv1, RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, VLAN routing. NAT (tnh, ng ); ACLs; CDP WAN: HDLC, PPP, and Frame Relay. Simulation Mode Ch gi lp ch ny bn c th nhn thy mng hot ng tng bc chm , quan st cc tuyn ng m gi tin i v kim tra chng mt cch chi tit. Cho bn bit c hnh trnh ca cc gi tin ,s hot ng ca m hnh OSI , chi tit thnh phn bn trong mi PDU,

II. LM QUEN VI CHNG TRNH

* Ch thi gian thc: http://www.ebook.edu.vn 5

Thit k mng my tnh Bn c th la chn cc thit b ri sau ko, th vo khong trng gia mn hnh . Click vo tng thit b cu hnh cho tng thit b . * Ch simualtion : Bn c th to ra cc PDU cng bng cch ko th v s xem c chi tit cc trng sau khi gi tin c pht i . * Bn c th m nhng bi lab c sn trong chng trnh hoc bn c th t thit k mt mng theo mnh luyn tp cu hnh cho cc router, switch

III. NHNG KHNG GIAN LM VIC C BN.

1. Logical workspace- khng gian lm vic mc logic. y l ni m bn c th xy dng mng v cu hnh mng. ch thi gian thc bn c th s dng khng gian ny thc hnh cc bi lab . to ra cc thit b , bn chn cc thit b t hp (ko, th ) Network Component nh hnh sau :

Sau khi chn c thit b , bn c th : Thm mi mt modul vo thit b ci t thm interface. Phi tt ngun( click vo nt power trn thit b) trc khi gn thm modul.

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La chn cable kt ni thit b ( cng t hp Network Component).

Cu hnh cc tham s cho thit b nh a ch IP bng cch click chut vo thit b cn cu hnh. V d: cu hnh a ch IP cho my tnh : Bc 1: Click chut vo my tnh cn cu hnh. Mt bng hin ra . Bc 2 :Chn th config sau chn cng cn cu hnh a ch trong phn interface.

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Bc 3 : Sau khi cu hnh xong, thot khi khung hi thoi bng cch n vo nt X gc trn bn phi . Cng c th cu hnh nng cao v xem cc thng tin ca mng t CLI interface trn mt router hoc switch. Sau khi chn cc thit b v cu hnh xong ( cc thit b u thng vi nhau ) lu li bi lab va thit k bng cch vo FILE / Save v chn ni cn lu.

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2. Physical workspace Khng gian lm vic mc vt l. Sau khi thit k v t cu hnh xong cc thit b mc trn . C th vo mc vt l bit c cc thit b c ni vi nhau nh th no . Cc bc thc hin : Bc 1 : Vo file chn open mi file va lu mc 1 .Cc thit b xut hin mc logic :

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Thit k mng my tnh Bc 2 : Chuyn sang mc Physical bng cch click vo biu tng c mi tn ch vo nh hnh v:

Bc 3: Sau khi chuyn sang mc vt l. Mt hnh v xut hin

C th i tn home city thnh hanoi city . Sau click vo bn trong hnh ch nht. Mt hnh mi hin ra :

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Cng c th i tn Corporate Office . Sau click vo bn trong hnh ch nht . Mt hnh mi xut hin , gc trn bn tri c : Main Wiring Closet . Click chut vo khung pha trn ch : Main Wiring Closet. Mt hnh mi xut hin nh hnh v :

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y l ni c th thy c cc thit b c ni vi nhau nh th no. Ti mc physical cng c thm mt city , mt buildingt thanh toolbar mc physical.

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Sau mc 1 v 2 chng ta c th t thit k c mt mng v bit c cc thit b c ni vi nhau nh th no . Mt c im ni bt ca Packet tracer so vi cc chng trnh gi lp khc l vic p dng wireless vo chng trnh. Bng cch thm mt router khng dy v mt my tnh c card khng dy chng ta c c mt kt ni khng dy . M mc vt l , n c th gip ta bit c my tnh c nm trong vng ph sng ca router khng dy hay khng.

Nh hnh v trn : PC0 khng nm trong vng ph sng . Pc3 nm trong vng ph sng .

IV. CC CH X L . Packet tracer c hai ch x l l : ch real time hay cn gi l thi gian thc , mng tr li cc hnh ng ca bn ngay lp tc nh cc thit b tht . V d : Ngay sau khi bn to mt kt ni Ethernet, ng nh sng kt ni s xut hin ch ra trng thi kt ni . Hoc l khi bn s dng cc lnh ping , showkt qu s hin ra .

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Thit k mng my tnh ch Simualtion mode bn c c mt s iu khin trc tip vic i ca cc PDU qua mng. Bn c th thy c gi tin i qua cc on mng tng bc nhanh hay chm ty theo mnh. Bn c th to ra mt gi tin ping t thit b ny ti thit b khc. Bn cng c th bit c cc kiu ca thng tin c xc nh trong PDU. Tuy nhin trng thi hot ng ca mng vn ch thi gian thc v d : nu nh bn tt mt thit b no th n s bo . V khi nu bn gi mt gi tin th s khng thnh cng. 1. Real-time . ch ny chng ta c th thit k mt mng , v cu hnh cho thit b . V d chng ta c mt router v mt PC (thc hin nh mc II.1). Ta c nh hnh v sau:

ng kt ni mu v my tnh cha c gn IP , cng trn router cng cha c gn IP. Gi ta ln lt thc hin vic gn IP cho my v router nh sau . Bc 1 : Click vo biu tng my tnh ta thc hin vic gn a ch IP cho PC0 ging nh mc I.1. v t a ch l 10.0.0.2/8. Bc 2 : Gn a ch cho router. y c 2 cch gn a ch cng cho router. Cch th 1 : click chut vo router , mt bng hin ra , ta chn tab config chn interface chn cng m router kt ni vi my tnh ri t a ch nh hnh v :

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Cch th 2 : dng cu lnh cu hnh a ch cng cho router. Sau khi hon tt cc bc trn ta thy ng kt ni vt l gia router v pc chuyn sang mu xanh nh hnh v :

kim tra kt ni ta lm nh sau : Bc 1: click PC0 bng hin ra chn tab Desktop. Sau chn Command prompt. Mt ca s xut hin nh hnh v sau :

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Bc 2 : Ta s dng lnh Ping 10.0.0.3 kim tra kt ni ti cng Fa0/0 ca router v kt qu nh hnh v :

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Nh vy l ta thit lp c kt ni t my tnh ti router. 2. Simulation mode trn chng ta s dng lnh Ping kim tra kt ni t PC ti router ch Real-Time. Gi chng ta s dng ch gi lp kim tra xem gi tin ping c hnh thnh v i ti router nh th no . chuyn sang mode gi lp bn n shift + S hoc n vo biu tng sau ch real-time.

Sau khi chuyn sang ch gi lp ca s xut hin nh sau :

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By gi to mt gi tin Ping bn chn biu tng :

ct ngoi cng

bn tay phi . Sau mt biu tng phong b xut hin , bn click vo PC0 v sau li click vo router . Sau ta thy gi tin chuyn sang mu .

Gi ta bt u kim tra xem gi tin i nh th no : Ta click vo nt nh hnh v sau trong bng simulation panel.

V ta thy gi tin i sang bn router . http://www.ebook.edu.vn 19

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By gi ta xem gi tin mu xanh gi ti router cha thng tin g bng cch click vo nh hnh v sau ch ra :

Mt bng thng tin hin ra :

ngha: PC2 s dng ARP tm a ch Mac khi bit a ch IP 10.0.0.3 Chn tab Outbound PDU details ta c :

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Sau ta li tip tc click capture/forward v lm li tng bc trn ta s xem c thng tin cui cng sau khi gi tin ping kt thc l :

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Trn y l mt v d n gin v vic theo di mt gi tin i nh th no trn mng. Ngoi ra bn c th chn nhiu ng dng khc v d nh FTP, HTTP, bit c gi tin i nh th mt cch chi tit hn , cc lp mng trong m hnh TCP/IP. V. ACTIVITY WIZARD y l mt c im ni bt so vi cc phn mm gi lp khc . Bn c th to ra cc bi lab ty v to ra nhng ch dn ngi khc thc hin . Cc bc thc hin to mt bi lab n gin:

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Thit k mng my tnh Bc 1: Vo ch ACTIVITY WIZARD bng cch click vo biu tng

trn thanh toolbar . Khi mt ca s s xut hin nh hnh sau :

Bc 2 Bn chn Instructions ct bn tay tri vit ch dn cc bc thc hin cho bi lab vi ngn ng HTML . Khi bn vit cc ch dn trong phn edit bng ngn ng HTML . Xem li ch dn bng cch n vo tab Preview as HTML.

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vit thm cc ch dn bn chn nt c du cng trong tab EDIT v d vit mt ch dn nh trong hnh v :

Bc 3 : Sau khi vit xong cc ch dn bn bt u thit k mt bi lab bng cch chn ANSWER NETWORK sau chn SHOW ANSWER NETWORK. Mt ca s xut hin nh hnh v :

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Ti y bn c th thit k mt bi lab v d nh hnh v sau :

Tip n bn cu hnh cho cc thit b v kim tra xem mng hot ng tt hay cha.Sau quay tr li ca s ACTIVITY WIZARD. Bn s dng tab Assessment options nh du cc mc c kim tra.

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S dng tab trong hnh v di thng bo kt thc bi lab thnh cng hay khng thnh cng

Bc 4 : sau khi hon thnh cc bc trn bn chn INITIAL NETWORK sau chn copy from answer network trong phn di bn chn phn locking , chn Existing devices sau chn lock cc mc m ngi thc hnh s khng c php thc hin trong bi lab .V d nh remove hay tab config. bc ny bn quay tr li mn hnh chnh thay i thng s m bn mun kim tra bc 3 ( v d c th xa ch IP ) . Sau khi thc hin vic ny bn

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Thit k mng my tnh quay tr li ca s ACTIVITY WIZARD . Ti y bn chn nt Save gc bn tay tri v lu li bi lab . Ngoi ra bn cng c th t Password cho bi lab ny nu nh khng mun cho ai sa i thng s ngoi mnh ra . Bn cng c th to ra cc bin truyn vo cc thit b trong mng bng cch chn .

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Sau khi to xong cc bin bn quay tr li mc Instructions sau insert cc bin vo ni m bn mun ( cc mc chn bc 3).

Sau bn vo Answer network chn show answer network . Sau trong ca s hin ra bn chn thit b cn truyn bin vo v d nh hnh v sau:

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Sau bn quay tr li ca s ACTIVITY WIZARD chn Answer network sau chn cc thit b v insert nh hnh v sau :

Sau khi hon thnh cc bc trn bn chn SAVE lu li s thay i ca bi lab . http://www.ebook.edu.vn 30

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VI. CC BC THC HIN MT KT NI WIRELESS

Nh trnh by phn trn , to ra cc thit b wireless ta cng ko th cc thit b nh l Linksys hay AP (access point) v my tnh c card khng dy . Nu my no cha c th bn thm cc module nh hng dn . Bc 1 : Ko th cc thit b v d nh hnh v sau :

V d y l mt kt ni ADSL . Mi ng lin kt gia cc thit b u c thc hin bng cch chn card cho ph hp Ch : ng kt ni t Cloud ti DSL modem trn ta lm nh sau : chn

kiu kt ni in thoi

Chn modem

trn m my sau

bn dsl modem chn port c biu tng in thoi Sau click chut vo m my chn tab config ; chn phn connections ; y c nhiu kiu kt ni WAN cho bn la chn y ta chn DSL sau bn tay phi bn chn modem tng ng ri n add. Nh hnh v sau : http://www.ebook.edu.vn 31

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Nh vy l ta kt ni c ng truyn t modem ti m my (cloud) ; Bc 3: Bn cu hnh cho cc thit b theo mnh ; sao cho my tnh c th duyt c web trn server. Bc 4 : Bn cu hnh DHCP-server trn router cp a ch IP v cho cc client.

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