I. L THUYT 1.

Cng thc chung v c im cu to - Dy ng ng axetilen (ankin) hidrocacbon khng no mch h trong phn t c mt lin kt ba C C - Cng thc chung: CnH2n-2 (n 2). - C 1 lin kt C C ( gm 1lk v 2lk ), mch h - ng phn: Ch c ng phn cu to (ng phn mch C v ng phn v tr lin kt C C ). Ankin c ng phn l ankadien. -. Danh php: *Tn thng: Tn gc ankyl R,R + axetilen + VD: C2H2 (axetilen), CHC-CH3 (metylaxetilen) - Danh php thay th: ging anken thay EN IN S ch v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch C chnh + s ch v tr ni 3 + in.

ANKIN CnH2n-2 ; n 2

C H3 - C H 2 - C C H

But-1-in But-2-in

C H 3 - C C- C H 3

2. Tnh cht ha hc: a. Phn ng cng (H2, X2, HX, phn ng ime ha v trime ha). - Th d + Cng H2
Ni, t Nu dng xc tc Ni, to ankan : CH CH + H2 Nu dng xc tc Pd/PbCO3 hoc Pd/BaSO4, ankin anken
0

CH3CH3

CHCH + Cng X2 CHCH

+ +

H2 Br2

Pd/PbCO3 , t

CH2=CH2

CHBr=CHBr + Br2 + Cng HX CHCH CHCH + HCl + H2O

CHBr =CHBr CHBr2-CHBr2 CH2 =CHCl CH3CHO CH2=CH-CCH (vinyl axetilen) ) benzen

HgCl2 150-2000 C
Hg2 SO4 ,80 C
0

+ Phn ng ime ha : 2CHCH + Phn ng trime ha : 3CHCH

NH 4 Cl, CuCl, t 0

6000 C C

C6H6 ( hay

b. Phn ng th bng ion kim loi(- iu kin: Phi c lin kt 3 CC u mch): R-CCH + AgNO3 + NH3 R-CCAg + NH4NO3

Phn ng ny dng nhn bit Ank-1-in + AgNO3 /NH3 cho kt ta Vng. c. Phn ng oxi ha: - Oxi ha hon ton: CnH2n-2 +

3n -1 O2 2

nCO2

(n-1)H2O ( n CO2 > n H 2O )

- Oxi ha khng hon ton: Tng t nh anken v ankadien, ankin cng c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm. Phn ng ny dng nhn bit ankin. 3. iu ch: a. Phng th nghim: CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2
t C (CaCO3 CaO +CO2 ;
o

t C CaO + 3C CaC2 + CO )
o

b. Trong cng nghip: 2CH4

1500 C l ln
o

C2H2

3H2

BI TP ANKIN
1) Ankin l g ? Vit cng thc cu to thu gn v gi tn cc ankin c cng thc: C3H4 , C4H6, C5H8 2) Bng phng php ha hc hy phn bit : a) Axetilen v Metan d) Butan, Buten-2 v Butin-1 b) Axetilen v Etilan e) Butan, Butin-1 v Butin-2 c) Metan, Etilen, Axetilen 3) Tinh ch: a) Etilen ln Metan, Axetilen b) Axetilen ln Propan, Propen 4) Tch hn hp : a) Metan, Etilen v Axetilen b) Butan, Butin-1, Butin-2 5) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra gia Propin vi cc cht sau: H 2(xt, Pd), Br2 (nc), HCl Ag2O (dd NH3), H2O (HgSO4). 6) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng biu din chui bin ha sau : a) Propan Metan Axetilen Benzen. b) CH3COONa CH4 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC c) CH4 A B C D d) T than , vi PVC , PE e) Than , vi cao su (2 loi) 7) Khi t chy hon ton 0,02 mol mt hidrocacbon sinh ra 2,64g CO2. Hidrocacbon ny tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta vng nht. a) Xc nh CTPT , CTCT. b) un nng hp cht ny thu c mt cht c cha vng benzen v cu to cn xng ,vit phng trnh. S: a. C3H4 , CH3 C CH 3 8) t chy hon ton mt hn hp gm 20 cm mt hidrocacbon A v 160 cm3 oxi . Sau khi lm lnh hn hp sn phm cn 130 cm3 trong c 80 cm3 b KOH hp thu, phn cn li b photpho hp thu. a) Xc nh CTPT , CTCT ca A bit rng A tc dng c vi dd bc nitrat trong amoniac to kt ta. b) Tnh lng kt ta to ra khi cho 10,8g cht A tc dng vi lng d dd AgNO3/NH3 S: C4H6, CH3 CH2 C CH, m = 32,2 9) Chia hn hp Etilan v Axetilen lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho i qua bnh nc brm d thy khi lng bnh tng 0,68g. Phn 2 em t chy hon ton th cn 1,568 lt O2 (kc) a) Xc nh % th tch hn hp u b) Tnh t khi hi ca hn hp so vi cxi S: a. %V C2H4 = 69, %V C2H2 = 40 b. d hh/O2 = 0,85 10) Cho 50g canxicacbua vo nc d thu c 18,5 lt axetilen 20 C v 70 mmHg .Tnh tinh khit ca canxi cacbua. S: 96% 11) Cho cacxicacbua k thut ch cha 80% CaC2 nguyn cht vo mt lng nc d th c 8,96l kh o kc. Tnh: a) Khi lng Canxicacbua k thut dng. b) Th tch oxi (kc) cn t chy hon ton lng kh sinh ra. S: m canxicacbua = 32g , V O2 = 22,4l 12) t chy hon ton 0,25mol hn hp kh gm Ankin A v Anken B thu sn phm chy ln lt vo bnh P2O5 d ri bnh KOH d th thy bnh P2O5 khi lng tng 30,8g. Xc nh CTPT ca A v B bit A km B mt nguyn t C. S: C2H2, C3H6 13) t chy hon ton 1 hn hp gm Ankan A va Ankin B cn 36,8 oxi sinh ra 12,6g H 2O v CO2 c s mol bng 8/3 s mol hn hp u. a) Tnh s mol hn hp u. b) Xc nh CTPT ca A v B . S: nhh = 0,3 mol, A: C2H6, B: C3H4; A: C4H10, B: C2H5