BIT ERROR RATE CALCULATION IN CDMA

A Project report submitted to

CHHATTISGARH SWAMI VIVEKANAND TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BHILAI (C.G.), INDIA

For The Award o Ba!he"or o E#$%#eer%#$ in Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.
By Harprit Kaur (AB 1 !"# $os%ani &iriya (AB 1 '# Anna(i )in%a (AB 1!*'# A+an+s%a B%ourase (AB 1!"1#

U#der &he G'%da#!e o

(ro ,r. Pra(een -ada( (.ecturer#

/epartment o0 Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

R'#$&a Co""e$e o E#$%#eer%#$ ) Te!h#o"o$*, Bh%"a% (I#d%a)

(Re!o$#%+ed ,* A.I.C.T.E. New De"h%, A!!r%d%&ed ,* N.B.A., New De"h%) Se--%o# .//012/
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DECLARATI3N

1 t%e undersigned solemnly declare t%at t%e report o0 t%e project 2or+ entitled 4BIT ERR3R RATE CALCULATI3N IN CDMA5 is our o2n 2or+3 carried out under t%e super(ision o0 Mr. (ra6ee# Yada6. 1 assert t%at t%e statements made and conclusions dra2n are t%e outcome o0 t%e project 2or+. 1 0urt%er declare to t%e best o0 our +no2ledge and belie0 t%at t%e report does not contain any 2or+ 2%ic% %as done 0or t%e a2ard o0 any ot%er degree4diploma4certi0icate in t%is 5ni(ersity.

)1&6AT5$E 7F 8A6/1/ATE Anna(i )in%a $oll 6o. :1:;*<!<;1 Enrollment 6o AB 1!*'

)1&6AT5$E 7F )5PE$91)7$ ,r. Pra(een -ada( .ecturer /eptt. o0 electronics & telecomm.

$ungta 8ollege o0 Engineering & Tec%nology3 B%ilai (1ndia# ($ecogni=ed by A.1.8.T.E. 6e2 /el%i3 Accredited by 6.B.A.3 6e2 /el%i#

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CERTI7ICATE BY THE SU(ERVIS3R

T%is is to certi0y t%at t%e report o0 t%e t%esis entitled 4BIT ERR3R RATE CALCULATI3N IN CDMA5 a record o0 researc% 2or+ carried out by A##a6% S%#ha bearing Ro"" No 828.9/:/.2 ) E#ro"";e#& No AB 2:90 under my guidance and super(ision 0or t%e a2ard o0 Bac%elor o0 Engineering in Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. 70 8%%attisgar% )2ami 9i(e+ananda Tec%nical 5ni(ersity B%ilai (8.&.#3 1ndia. To t%e best o0 my +no2ledge and belie0 t%e t%esis> i# Embodies t%e 2or+ o0 t%e candidate %imsel03 ii# Has duly been completed3 iii# Ful0ills t%e re?uirement o0 t%e 7rdinance relating to t%e BE degree o0 t%e 5ni(ersity and i(# 1s up to t%e desired standard 0or t%e purpose o0 2%ic% is submitted.

)ignature o0 )uper(isor Mr. (ra6ee# Yada6. .ecturer /epartment 70 Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. $ungta 8ollege o0 Engineering & Tec%nology3 Ko%+a@Kurud $oad B%ilai (8.&.#

For2arded to 8%%attisgar% )2ami 9i(e+ananda Tec%nical 5ni(ersity B%ilai (8.&.#

()ignature o0 /irector4Principal# $ungta 8ollege o0 Engineering & Tec%nology3 Ko%+a@Kurud $oad B%ilai.

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CERTI7ICATE BY THE E<AMINERS

T%e t%esis entitled 4BIT ERR3R RATE CALCULATI3N IN CDMA5 submitted by A##a6% S%#ha bearing Ro"" No 828.9/:/.2 ) E#ro"";e#& No AB 2:90 %as been eAamined by t%e undersigned as a part o0 t%e eAamination and is %ereby recommended 0or t%e a2ard o0 t%e degree o0 Ba!he"or o E#$%#eer%#$ in t%e discipline o0 E"e!&ro#%!- a#d Te"e!o;;'#%!a&%o# o0 8%%attisgar% )2ami 9i(e+ananda Tec%nical 5ni(ersity3 B%ilai.

I#&er#a" E=a;%#er /ate>

E=&er#a" E=a;%#er /ate>

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ACKN3WLEDGEMENT

1 2ould %a(e ne(er succeeded in completing my tas+ 2it%out t%e cooperation3 encouragement and %elp pro(ided to me by (arious people. Bords are o0ten too less to re(eals oneCs deep regards. 1 ta+e t%is opportunity to eApress my pro0ound sense o0 gratitude and respect to all t%ose 2%o %elped me t%roug% t%e duration o0 t%is project. 1 ac+no2ledge 2it% gratitude and %umility my indebtedness to Mr. (ra6ee# Yada6, Le!&'rer, RCET, B%ilai3 under 2%ose guidance 1 %ad t%e pri(ilege to complete t%is project. 1 2is% to eApress my deep gratitude to2ards %im 0or pro(iding indi(idual guidance and support t%roug%out t%e project 2or+. 1 eApress my %eart0elt gratitude to2ards Mr. A;%& Ko"he, Reader, RCET3 B%ilai3 0or t%eir (aluable guidance3 encouragement3 inspiration and t%e ent%usiasm 2it% 2%ic% %e sol(ed my di00iculties in simulation using ,AT.AB. 1 con(ey my sincere t%an+s to Mr. Shr%>a#& B'r?e, Reader ) Head o E"e!&ro#%!) Te"e!o;;'#%!a&%o# De@ar&;e#&, RCET3 B%ilai 0or %is encouragement and cooperation. ,y greatest t%an+s are to all 2%o 2is%ed me success especially my parents. Abo(e all 1 render my gratitude to t%e Almig%ty 2%o besto2ed sel0@con0idence3 ability and strengt% in me to complete t%is 2or+ 0or not letting me do2n at t%e time o0 crisis and s%o2ing me t%e sil(er lining in t%e dar+ clouds.

A##a6% S%#ha

ABSTRACT

1n t%is contribution3 2e propose and study a 8/,A sc%eme 2%ic% employ time domain spreading. Be in(estigate t%e ac%ie(able detection per0ormance in t%e conteAt o0 minimum bit error rate3 2%en communicating o(er Additi(e B%ite &aussian 6oise (AB&6# c%annel. 1n t%is project t%e main boosters o0 t%e 0uture 8/,A communication are presented and describe in order to %ig%lig%t 2ays to cope 2it% more c%allenging re?uirements o0 0uture system and ser(ice claims. Particular attention is de(oted to t%e in%erent 2ea+ points o0 8/,A system and detection tec%ni?ues t%at can be used to minimi=e bit error rate. Finally t%e last part o0 t%is project 0ocuses on t%e design o0 suitable system 2it% minimum bit error rate.

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LIST OF ABRIVIATIONS

CDMA access

Code division multiple

TDMA access

Time division multiple

FDMA access

Frequenc division multiple

CRC

C clic redundanc code

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LIST 37 7IGURES ) TABLES

7%$'re No.
Ta!le "#$

T%&"e o 7%$'reD% ere#& 6a"'e- or &he Ra&e %#@'&

(a$e No.
8

Ta,"e ... Ta,"e ..8 7%$'re A.2

Va"%d !ha##e" &*@e- a#d ra&e ra!&%o#I#@'&- or &he Re@ea&er a#d o'&@'& Dere@ea&er B"o!>-e& or &he !a"!'"a&%o# o ,%& error ra&e

A : 2/

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TABLE 37 C3NTENTS
8HAPTE$ Cha@&er 1 I . T1T.E INTR3DUCTI3N PA&E 67.

1.1 8ode di(ision multiple accessDDDDDD.DDDDDDD..DDD.DDDD.D.1 1.; 7(er(ie2 o0 8/,ADDDDDD...DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD..........1 1.: 8/,A signalsDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD...1 1." Bit Error $ateDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD....; CHA(TER 1 II LITERATURE REVIEW

;.1 8/,A 8%annel assignmentsD...DDDDDDDDDDDD.DDDDDD..DD.: ;.; 5nderstanding $ates and $ate setsDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD.........: ;.: 8$8 &eneratorsDDDDDDDDDDDDDD......................................................." ;." 8on(olutional EncoderDDDDDDDDDDD.D.DDDDD..............................E ;.E $epeaters4/erepeatersDDDDDDDDDDDDDD..DDDD............................E ;.! 1nterlea(er4/einterlea(er..................................................................................................! ;. Fuality /etecterDDDDDDDDDDDDD...DDDDDDD............................ ;.* Error $ate 8alculationDDDDDDDDDDDDD...DDDD............................... ;.' )pectrum scopeDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD.* CHA(TER B III (R3BLEM IDENTI7ICATI3N

:.1 9isible resultsDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD...' :.; 8%anging parameterDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD.' CHA(TER B IV METH3D3L3GY

".1 Bor+ingDDDDDD..DDDDDDDDDDDD..................................................11

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CHA(TER 1 V CHA(TER B VI CHA(TER BVII

RESULTS AND DISCUSSI3N C3NCLUSI3N BIBLI3GRA(HY

2.1./ .2 ..