QUADRATIC FUNCTION

The general form of quadratic functions is f (x) = ax2 + b x + c . The highest power of variable x is 2 GRAPHS OF QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS SHAPE OF GRAPH Can be determined by the value of a.

SKETCHING GRAPHS OF QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS a<0

f(x) From the graph a) Min. Point: (3,-4) b) min. value: -4 c) Equation of axis of symmetry : x = 3 a) Min. Point: (2,0) b) min. value: 0 x 2 c) Equation of axis of symmetry : x = 2

a>0

1) f(x)

= (x -1)( x 5)

5 x 1 f(x) 4 5

i) Shape : ii) X -intercept :(f(x) = 0), x = 1,5 iii) y-intercept: ( x = 0), f (x) = 5

POSITION OF GRAPH WITH RESPECT TO THE XAXIS

Can be determined by the type of roots of

f(x) = 0

b2-4ac > 0
Two different roots

2) f(x) = x2-4x + 4 f(x) = (x 2) 4 + 4 2 f(x) = (x 2) i) Shape : ii) Min point : (2,0) iii) y- intercept : 4 3) f(x) = 4 x i) Shape :
2
2

b2-4ac = 0
Two equal roots

b2-4ac < 0
No real roots

a) Equation of axis of symmetry : x = 0 2 b) Max. Point: (0,4) c) max. value: 4 a) Equation of axis of symmetry : x = -1 b) Max. Point: (-1,2) c) max. value: 2

HOW TO FIND THE MINIMUM / MAXIMUM POINTS OF THE GRAPHS OF QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS Rewrite the quadratic function in the form of

ii) y- intercept : (x =0), y = 4 iii) x-intercept : (f(x) = 0)

-2

4 x2 = 0

f ( x) = a ( x + p) 2 + q

X = 2,-2

The minimum / maximum point is : (-p, q).

A quadratic function can be expressed in the form a ( x + p )2 + q , where a, p, and q are constants

by completing the square

1. The coefficient of x2 must equal to1.
b f ( x) = a x 2 + x + c a
2 2 b b f ( x) = a x + + c 2a 2a
2 b b2 f ( x ) = a x + + c 2a 4a

4) f(x) = -2(x+1 )2 +2 i) Shape : ii) Max point: (-1,2) iii) y- intercept: x = 0 f(x) = 0 iv) x-intercept; (x+1)2= 1
x = 0, -2

(-1,2)

-2

QUADRATIC INEQUALITIES 2. Change the value in the bracket into perfect square coefficent of x ) (by adding 2 3. The perfect square form
Determine the ranges of values of x that satisfy each of the following inequalities:

1) (x + 5) (x 1) > 0 Solution:

2)

3 2x x2 > 0

+
-5 X<-5 , X>1 1

Solution: x2 + 2x -3 < 0 (x-1)(x+3) < 0

+
-3

-3<x <1

+
1