Why we use hyperbolic functions

To make our life easier

Examples:
(1) In Chapter 2, slide 44, we have
( / ) ( / )
2
g L t g L t
e e

(
= + +

Now if 2 = find t.
Subst above into the equation, get
( / ) ( / )
1
2
2
g L t g L t
e e

(
= +

1
Then we need to solve the above equation to find t.
Suppose that we use hyperbolic function, we get
2 cosh( / ) t g L =
1
( / )cosh (2) ( / )1.3170 t g L g L

= =
So it is easier.
(2) In Chapter 2, slides 46, 47
1
( )
2
t t
x e e

= +
1
( )
2
t t
y e e

=
2
We can verify that
2 2
1
x y

| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
However If we use hyperbolic function, then it is easier.
sinh( )
x
t

=
cosh( )
y
t

=
By formula
2 2
(cosh( )) (sinh( )) 1 t t =
we have
2 2
1
x y

| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
3
1
2 2
1
sinh
u
du
a
u a

| |
=
|
\ . +

(3)
1
2 2
1
cosh
u
du
a
u a

| |
=
|
\ .

2
2 2
1
ln( 1) du x x
u a
= + +
+

2
2 2
1
ln( 1) du x x
u a
= +

To evaluate the above integrals,

use the version of hyperbolic functions is easier.
4
3
1 1
2
2
1
cosh (3) cosh (2)
1
du
u

=

1.7627 1.3170 0.4457 = =

(4)
2
0 x x =

has two linearly indep solutions, namely,

t
e
t
e

Hence
1
2
t
e

1
2
t
e

are again solutions.
5
Thus, by superposition principle,
1
sinh ( )
2
t t
t e e

=
1
cosh ( )
2
t t
t e e

= +
are two solutions.
In fact they are linearly indep.,
i.e., the curves of these two solutions are not parallel.
Hence every solution can be represented by
sinh cosh x A t B t = +
This is another version of the general solution of
2
0 x x =

6
Suppose
(0) , (0) 0 x x = =

Then
sinh0 cosh0 A B B = + =
cosh sinh x A t B t = +

0 cosh0 sinh0 A B A = + =
So
0 A =
Hence
cosh x t =
sinh x t =

Then
2 2
2 2
(cosh ) (sinh ) 1
x x
t t

| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .