Bibliography PRIMARY SOURCES

Hine, Lewis. 2 boys at the filling machine in Cannon's Cannery, Bridgeville, Del. These boys place cans in the grove to be filled with peas. Work 10 hours per day, and when there is a good supply of peas they work 15 hours a day. The small boy is 9 years of age, at work the first season. The larger boy is 12, working his 2nd season. Location: Bridgeville, Delaware. 1910. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Bridgeville, Delaware. Web. 3, Apr. 2014 <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004000911/PP/> This picture benefited with my search of work hours. In this picture, the two boys work 10 hours a day.

Hine, Lewis. 488 Macon, Ga. Lewis W. Hine 1-19-1909. Bibb Mill No. 1 Many youngsters here. Some boys were so small they had to climb up on the spinning frame to mend the broken threads and put back the empty bobbins. Location: Macon, Georgia.. 1901. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Macon, Georgia. Web. 18, Feb. 2014 <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004001388/PP/> This picture is included in my website and shows small boys stepping on machinery. Hine, Lewis. 9 P.M. in an Indiana Glass Works, Aug., 1908. Location: Indiana. 1908. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Indiana. Web. 9 Feb. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004000144/PP/> This picture in my website shows a few boys working in a glass factory.

Hine, Lewis A clipping. See also label 1931. Location: Chauncy, Pennsylvania. 1911. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Chauncy, Pennsylcania. Web, Feb 8. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004002618/PP/> This photo of a newspaper is about a boy who got smothered in a mineshaft and another one who got both his legs burned. It really shows how dangerous the mines are. Hine, Lewis. A greaser in a Coal Mine. See 1835. Location: Bessie Mine, Alabama. 1910. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Bessie Mine, Alabama. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ncl2004000589/PP/> This picture included in my website shows a boy carrying two pails of grease. Hine, Lewis. A husky tinsmith who works 8 hours a day, much of it out-doors. Compare him with some of our adolescent boys and girls who work in close confinement of the cotton mill 10 hours a day. Location: Northampton, Massachusetts. 1912. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Northampton, Massachusetts. Web. 3 Apr. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004003267/PP/> This picture is one of many that helped me figure out the average work hours of child laborers. Hine, Lewis. Aven Mill, Gastonia, N.C. Work 12 hours without any stop for lunch. "Eat a-workin." 8:30 P.M. Friday. Mill running nights. Location: Gastonia, North Carolina 1908. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Gastonia, North Carolina. Web. 3 Apr. 2014 <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004000966/PP/> This picture helped me get a sense of how long children worked.

Hine, Lewis. A view of the Pennsylvania Breaker. The dust was so dense at times as to obscure the view. This dust penetrates the utmost recess of the boy's lungs. Location: South Pittston, Pennsylvania. 1911. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. South Pittston, Pennsylvania. Web. 18, Feb. 2014 <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004002616/PP/> This picture on my website shows boys working in very dark conditions.

Hine, Lewis. A young berry picker on Bottomley's farm, near Baltimore, Md. She worked one winter at Youngs Island, S.C. Mother says, "No more." Location: Baltimore, Maryland. 1909. Photograph.Nationals Child Labor Committee Collection. Baltimore, Maryland. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004001694/PP/> This picture is in my slideshow and shows a little girl standing in a farm.

Hine, Lewis. Basil Roberts and James Hopper, both 12 years old, go to school when in session and work at Coleman Bros. Zinc Mine, Aurora, Mo., Saturdays and holidays, culling "waste" from the zinc ore on the "dumps." Their fathers work in zinc mines nearby. These boys told me no boys were permitted to work down in the mines, and said they were the only boys working in the vicinity; which seemed to be about true. Location: Aurora, Missouri.. 1910. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Aurora, Missouri. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ncl2004002411/PP/> This picture included in my website shows two boys hard at work on top of a mound of seashells. Hine, Lewis. Breaker boys in #9 Breaker, Hughestown Borough, Pa. Coal Co. Smallest boy is Angelo Ross, (See labels #1953 + #1951.) Location: Pittston, Pennsylvania. 1912. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Pittston Pennsylvania. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004002622/PP/>

This picture on the front page of my website shows a group of miners. Hine, Lewis. Case of Frank Wiegel, 3916 - # Ave., Brooklyn N.Y., injured after working 18 hours a day. He was injured at 1:55 A.M. January 18, 1914. Age 15 years. Employed by the Henry Bosch Paper Co., makers of wallpaper sample books. On Saturday, or rather Sunday morning at 1:55, Frank must have fallen asleep and in some way he knocked against the controlling pedal, and the next thing he knew his hand was caught in the machine. He sued the Co. for damages and after 2 years' litigation he received an award of $10,000 - $5,000 for each of 2 fingers which were amputated. The lawyer's fee has not yet been decided upon by the court. Location: New York--Brooklyn, New York (State) 1916. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Brooklyn, New York. Web. Apr. 7 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004004438/PP/> This picture shows a boy with only three fingers. It shows how dangerous child labor was. It is used in my website. Hine, Lewis. Cotton Mill letter 1913. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Web. Apr. 7. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004000333/PP/> This is a photo of a letter which argues that mills can choose who they want to hire. Hine, Lewis. Daniel Mfg. Co., Lincolnton, N.C. Four doffers. Boy on left end (knee pants) said he had worked in mills for 7 years and some nights. At nights they work 12 hours, without any hour off for lunch. Eat when they can. Some of the[m] "eat a-workin'." Location: Lincolnton, North Carolina.. 1908. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Lincolnton, North Carolina. Web. 3 Apr. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004000963/PP/> This picture helped me determine the average work hours for children. In this photo, the workers work 12 hours without breaks for lunch.

Hine, Lewis. Glass works. Midnight. Location: Indiana. 1908. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Indiana. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004000103/PP/> This picture which is included in my website shows a couple of boys working in a glass factory. Hine, Lewis. I found a girl of 13 working at embroidery in a far corner of a dimly lighted room. The light came from a small gas jet which was high above the girl's head, in the center of the room. She was working on a black dress which was outlined in black pencil. For this dress elaborately embroidered, she received ninety cents. She could embroider one dress in about three or four days if she kept at it steadily. She had been working since 4 P.M., and it was the 7 P.M. She expected to stop at 10:30. Location: Newark, New Jersey. 1923. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Newark, New Jersey. Web. 8 Feb. 2014 <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004005060/PP/ > This picture is included in my website and shows a girl working on embroidery. Hine, Lewis, In the group are: 2 four year old boys, 1 five year old boy, 1 six year old boy, 1 ten year old boy, 1 eleven year old boy, 1 twelve year old boy, 2 five year old girls, 1 six year old girl, 2 nine year old girls, 1 ten year old girl, 1 twelve year old girl. In front of shacks at noon, Florence colony [?], Whites Bog, Browns Mills, N.J. This is the fourth week of school and the people expect to remain two weeks more. E.F. Brown [Witness]. Location: Browns Mills, New Jersey. 1910. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection, White Bog, Brown Mills, New Jersey. Web. 18. Feb. 2014 <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004000271/PP/> , This picture shows young children standing in front of a building. It is used on my website.

Hine, Lewis. Noon hour May 12th, 1910. These girls work 9 to 10 hours a day in Inland Type Foundry. Location: St. Louis, Missouri.. 1910. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. St. Louis, Missouri. Web. 3 Apr. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004002210/PP/>.

This picture helped me determine the average work hours for children. In this photo, the workers work 12 hours without breaks for lunch. Hine, Lewis. Ozark Mill, Gastonia, N.C. Work 12 hours at a stretch. No special time off to eat. "Eat a-workin'." 9:00 P.M. Friday, Nov. 6, 1908. Mill was running. Location: Gastonia, North Carolina 1908. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Gastonia, North Carolina. Web. 3 Apr. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004000965/PP/> This picture helped me determine the average work hours for children. In this photo, the workers work 12 hours without breaks for lunch, like the workers in St Louis.

Hine, Lewis. Rhea Quintin - 14 years old. Hand drawing in on Webb frame. Been at it about 3 months. Requires great deal of mental application and accuracy and good oversight. Takes over a year to learn. Seemed very young in certificate office. Miss Smith thought she was a little school girl coming for some other purpose.] Location: Fall River, Massachusetts. . 1916. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Fall River, Massachusetts. Web. 8 Feb. 2014
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ncl2004002009/PP/>

This picture is included on my website and shows a girl hand drawing on a Webb frame.

Hine, Lewis. Three adults and six children from seven years to twelve years hard at work on a sugar beet farm near Greeley Colorado. The father said: "The children can thin the beets better than grown ups. We all work fourteen hours a day at times because when the beets is ready they has to be done. About twelve weeks is about all the children can work on thinning and topping. Some of them hoe a little. See Hine Report, Colorado Bee[t] Workers, July, 1915. Location: Greeley [vicinity], Colorado.. 1915. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Greenly, Colorado. Web. 3 Apr. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004004188/PP/> This picture helped me get a sense of how long the children worked.

Hine, Lewis. Workers in the Nokomis Cotton Mill, Lexington, N.C. The smallest boy said he was 11 years old and makes 50 cents a day. Been doffing there for some months. The Band Boy who seems much younger would not be photographed. Also several other young workers. Location: Lexington, North Carolina. 1912. Photograph. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Lexington, North Carolina. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/nclc/item/ncl2004003068/PP/> This picture shows a boy who works at the Nokomis Cotton Mill. "Home." Our Documents -. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=59>. A photo of the Keating - Owen act. Loutherbourg, Philip. Coalbrookdale by Night. 1801. Painting. Science Museum of London, Coalbrookdale, England. www.bbc.co.uk. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/coalbrookdale-by-night179866>. This painting is painted from the time period of the Industrial Revolution and shows a factory scene.

Scott, William. Iron and Coal. Circa 1855. Painting. National Trust, Wallington, Northumberland. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Bell_Scott__Iron_and_Coal.jpg> This picture included in my website shows a busy scene during the Industrial Revolution. "The National Archives Experience: DocsTeach." Act of June 25, 1938 (Fair Labor Standards Act), Public Law 75-718, 52 STAT 1060.. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://docsteach.org/documents/299848/detail?menu=closed&page=66>. A photo of the Fair Labor Standards Act.

SECONDARY SOURCES
"Agricultural Revolution." Article Most Wanted. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2014. <http://www.articlemostwanted.com/2013/07/agricultural-revolution.html>. This article helped me understand what the Agricultural Revolution was about. It also gave me a picture that I put on my website. "Before the Industrial Revolution." Before the Industrial Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. <http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/IndustrialRevolution/beforeindustrialisation.ht m#.UxZl2o5OXSw>. This website gave me information on life before the Industrial Revolution. It also provided me with a picture.

Child Labor." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. <http://www.history.com/topics/child-labor>.

This website gave me an overall view of Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution. It also gave me information about the laws on child labor. "Child Labor Quotes." BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/key This website gave me quotes relating to child labor. "Child Labor during the British Industrial Revolution." EHnet. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Apr. 2014. <http://eh.net/encyclopedia/child-labor-during-the-british-industrial-revolution/>. This website gave me information on both sides of the child labor debate. "Children in the Industrial Revolution." Children in the Industrial Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Apr. 2014. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/children_industrial_revolution.htm>. This website gave me many quotes and clippings from diaries and newspapers relating to child labor. "Eastern Illinois University Homepage."Childhood Lost. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. <http://www.eiu.edu/eiutps/childhood.php>. This website gave me many supporting details about child labor. It also gave me the names of many early advocates for children. including Grace Abbotts, Lewis Hine and Jane Addams. "Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution." ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. <http://www.ushistory.org/us/22a.asp>. This website gave me background information about the Industrial Revolution. It

gave me a lot of information on who was responsible for impacts on the Industrial Revolution.

Freedman, Russell. Kids at work: Lewis Hine and the Crusade Against Child Labor. New York: Clarion Books, 1994. Print. This book gave me information about child labor conditions, their pay, and even casualties that happened. It also gave a lot of information about Lewis Hine. I obtained many quotes from this book. "Grace Abbott Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. <http://www.biography.com/people/grace-abbott-20617595>. This website gave me information on who Grace Abbott was and what she did. Hindman, Hugh D. Child Labor - An American History. Armonk, New York: M. E Sharpe, Inc., 2002. Google Books. Web. 3 Apr. 2014. <http://books.google.com/books?id=GQcV11ayCngC&printsec=frontcover&dq=i sbn:0765609363&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WZxIUv_K9TIsASl3YHoDQ&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false>. This book gave my the poem, Industrialization of Child Labor. In my opinion, this is a pretty thoughtful poem about child labor.

"Home." Our Documents -. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=59>. This website explained a few of the laws that were established to limit child labor. It also supplied me with the picture of Keating - Owen act. "Industrial Revolution." Get A-Level Coursework and Essays Help from Marked By Teachers.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Feb. 2014. <http://www.markedbyteachers.com/as-and-a-level/history/industrialrevolution.html>. This website gave me Paul Mantouxs famous quote.

"Industrial Revolution." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. <http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution>. This website gave me information on what the Industrial Revolution was and what it did to life. It also gave me information on the second Industrial Revolution. On this website I also watched one of their videos, which helped me understand more about the Industrial Revolution. "Industrial Revolution." BrainPOP. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2014. <http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/industrialrevolution/>. This short video helped helped me understand the impacts of what the Industrial Revolution caused. "Industrial Revolution Quotes."BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/key This website gave me a lot of quotes relating to the Industrial Revolution. "Industrial Revolution Research."Industrial Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. <http://www.industrialrevolutionresearch.com/industrial_revolution_transportatio n.php>. This website gave me information on how the Industrial Revolution started.

"Industrial Revolution Research." How the Industrial Revolution Started. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. <http://www.industrialrevolutionresearch.com/how_industrial_revolution_started. php>. This website gave me a lot of information about what types of transportation was

invented and used during the Industrial Revolution. "Inventors and Inventions of the Industrial Revolution." Inventors and Inventions of the Industrial Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. <http://resources.chuh.org/chhs/library/teacherweb/socialstudies/worldhistory/indu strialrevolutinventors.htm>. This website gave me a lot of information about inventions and their inventors during the Industrial Revolution. "Jane Addams Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. <http://www.biography.com/people/jane-addams-9176298>. This website gave me information on who Jane Addams was and what she did. It also gave me her photo. "Jethro Tull's seed drill, 1701.." Science Museum . N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/agricultural_engineering/1955289.aspx> This website gave me information and pictures of Jethro Tulls inventions like the seed drill. "Lewis Hine Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. <http://www.biography.com/people/lewis-hine-9339610>. This website gave me information on who Lewis Hine was. It also gave me his photo.

"Life Before The Industrial Revolution."Life Before The Industrial Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2013. <http://rishi-kumanan.tripod.com/id8.html>. This website helped me a lot in understanding what life was like before the

Industrial Revolution. It also taught me a lot about the Agricultural Revolution. "TEACHERS." Scholastic Teachers. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. <http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/history-child-labor>. This website gave me more facts about the surroundings that children worked with. It also introduced me to Charles Dickens' "Oliver Twist". Thatcher, Wade. "Child Labor During the English Industrial Revolution." Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. <http://wathatcher.iweb.bsu.edu/childlabor/>. This website helped me understand why child labor was needed and what the working conditions were for children. This website also gave a few more sources to look at. "The Industrial Revolution Begins in England (1760-1850)." Untitled Document. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. <http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/IndustrialRevol ution/IRbegins.html>. This website gave me a lot of information on inventions during the Industrial Revolution. I learned about the steam engine and the loom here. I also learned more about the rail system during the Industrial Revolution. It also gave me a picture of the steam engine. "The National Archives Experience: DocsTeach." Act of June 25, 1938 (Fair Labor Standards Act), Public Law 75-718, 52 STAT 1060.. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://docsteach.org/documents/299848/detail?menu=closed&page=66>. This website explained what the Fair Labor Standards act of 1938 did. It also supplied me with a picture of the act. "The Second Industrial Revolution, 1870-1914." US History Scene. N.p., n.d. Web. 5

Feb. 2014. <http://www.ushistoryscene.com/uncategorized/secondindustrialrevolution/>. This website gave me information on the second Industrial Revolution. It mentioned how the United States got more urbanized. "Who invented the automobile?." Who invented the automobile? (Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts from the Library of Congress). N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/ This website explained Karl Benz's automobile and also included a useful chart of "Automobile Firsts".