Chng 8: Mch khuch i hi tip

Chng 8
MCH KHUCH I HI TIP (Feedback Amplifier)
Trong chng ny, chng ta s tm hiu v loi mch khuch i c hi tip m v kho st nh hng ca loi hi tip ny ln cc thng s cng nh tnh cht ca mch khuch i.

8.1 PHN LOI MCH KHUCH I:

Khi kho st cc mch khuch i c hi tip, ngi ta thng phn chng thnh 4 loi mch chnh: khuch i in th, khuch i dng in, khuch i in dn truyn v khuch i in tr truyn.

8.1.1 Khuch i in th:( Voltage amplifier )

Hnh 8.1 m t mch tng ng Thevenin ca mt h thng 2 cng, m hnh ha ca mt mch khuch i cn bn.

- Nu ti RL rt ln i vi in tr ng ra R0 ca mch khuch i th v0 AVNL.vi AVNL.vS Trong iu kin nh vy, mch s cung cp mt in th ng ra t l vi in th ng vo v h s t l ny c lp i vi bin ca ngun tn hiu v in tr ti. Loi mch nh th c gi l mch khuch i in th. Mt mch khuch i in th l tng khi c in tr ng vo Ri bng v hn v in tr ng ra R0 = 0. K hiu

vs

- Nu mch c in tr ng vo Ri rt ln i vi ni tr RS ca ngun tn hiu th vi

khi RL =, nh vy AVNL biu din li in th ca mch h (open-circuit).

8.1.2 Khuch i dng in (current amplifier)

Mt mch khuch i dng in l tng c nh ngha nh l mt mch khuch i cung cp mt dng in ng ra t l vi dng in tn hiu ng vo. H s t l ny khng ph thuc vo RS v RL. Mt mch khuch i dng in l tng c in tr ng vo Ri = 0 v in tr ng ra R0 bng v hn.
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Trong thc t, mch c in tr ng vo thp v din tr ng ra cao. Nh vy, Ri << RS v R0>> RL.

Hnh 8.2 l mch tng ng Norton ca mt mch khuch i dng in. Ch , k hiu vi RL = 0, n din t li dng in ca mt mch ni tt (short-circuit). Ta thy rng: V Ri << RS nn Ii IS V R0 >> RL nn IL ( AiIi AIS)

8.1.3 Khuch i in dn truyn: (Transconductance Amplifier)

Mt mch khuch i in dn truyn l tng s cung cp mt dng in ng ra t l vi in th tn hiu ng vo. H s t l ny c lp vi RL v RS. Mch nh vy phi c in tr ng vo Ri bng v hn v in tr ng ra R0 bng v hn. Trong mch thc t: Ri >> RS v R0 >> RL Hnh 8.3 l m hnh tng ng ca mt mch khuch i in dn truyn.

Ta thy rng vi vS khi Ri >> RS V I0 Gmvi GmvS khi

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8.1.4 Khuch i in tr truyn (Transresistance Amplifier)

Mch tng ng l tng ca mt mch khuch i in tr truyn nh hnh 8.4

Mch cung cp mt in th ng ra v0 t l vi dng in tn hiu ng vo IS v h s t l ny c lp vi RS v RL. Trong thc t mt mch khuch i in tr truyn phi c Ri << RS v R0 << RL. Nh vy khi Ii IS, v0 RmIi RmIS.

8.2 I CNG V HI TIP:

Mt mch khuch i hi tip gm cc b phn nh sau:

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Ngun tn hiu: C th l ngun in th VS ni tip vi mt ni tr RS hay ngun dng in IS song song vi ni tr RS. H thng hi tip: Thng dng l mt h thng 2 cng th ng (ch cha cc thnh phn th ng nh in tr, t in, cun dy).

Mch ly mu: Ly mt phn tn hiu ng ra a vo h thng hi tip. Trng hp tn hiu in th ng ra c ly mu th h thng hi tip c mc song song vi ng ra v trong trng hp tn hiu dng in ng ra c ly mu th h thng hi tip c mc ni tip vi ng ra.

Mch so snh hoc trn: Hai loi mch trn rt thng dng l loi trn ng vo ni tip v loi trn ng vo song song.

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T s truyn hay li: K hiu A trong hnh 8.5 biu th t s gia tn hiu ng ra vi tn hiu ng vo ca mch khuch i cn bn. T s truyn v/vi l khuch i in th hay li in th AV. Tng t t s truyn I/Ii l khuch i dng in hay li dng in AI ca mch khuch i. T s I/vi c gi l in dn truyn ( truyn dn-Transconductance) GM v v/Ii c gi l in tr truyn RM. Nh vy GM v RM c nh ngha nh l t s gia hai tn hiu, mt dng dng in v mt dng in th. li truyn A ch mt cch tng qut mt trong cc i lng AV, AI, GM, RM ca mt mch khuch i khng c hi tip ty theo m hnh ha c s dng trong vic phn gii.

K hiu Af c nh ngha nh l t s gia tn hiu ng ra vi tn hiu ng vo ca mch khuch i hnh 8.5 v c gi l li truyn ca mch khuch i vi hi tip. Vy th Af dng din t mt trong 4 t s:

S lin h gia li truyn Af v li A ca mch khuch i cn bn (cha c hi tip) s c tm hiu trong phn sau. Trong mt mch c hi tip, nu tn hiu ng ra gia tng to ra thnh phn tn hiu hi tip a v ng vo lm cho tn hiu ng ra gim tr li ta ni l mch hi tip m (negative feedback).

8.3 LI TRUYN VI NI TIP:

Mt mch khuch i c hi tip c th c din t mt cch tng qut nh hnh 8.10

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phn gii mt mch khuch i c hi tip, ta c th thay th thnh phn tch cc (BJT, FET, OP-AMP ...) bng mch tng ng tn hiu nh. Sau dng nh lut Kirchhoff lp cc phng trnh lin h.

Trong mch hnh 8.10 c th l mt mch khuch i in th, khuch i dng in, khuch i in dn truyn hoc khuch i in tr truyn c hi tip nh c din t hnh 8.11

Hnh 8.11 Dng mch khuch i hi tip (a) Khuch i in th vi hi tip in th ni tip (b) Khuch i in dn truyn vi hi tip dng in ni tip (c) Khuch i dng in vi hi tip dng in song song (d) Khuch i in tr truyn vi hi tip in th song song Trong hnh 8.10, ni tr ngun RS c xem nh mt thnh phn ca mch khuch i cn bn. li truyn A (AV, AI, GM, RM) bao gm hiu ng ca ti RL v ca h thng hi tip ln mch khuch i. Tn hiu vo XS, tn hiu ra X0, tn hiu hi tip Xf, tn hiu tr Xd c th l in th hay dng in. Nhng tn hiu ny cng nh t s A v c tm tt trong bng sau y.

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Nh vy: Xd = XS - Xf = Xi H s hi tip c nh ngha:

(8.1)

H s thng l mt s thc dng hay m, nhng mt cch tng qut l mt hm phc theo tn s tn hiu.

li truyn A c nh ngha: A = X0 /Xi

(8.3)

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i lng A biu din li truyn ca mch khuch i tng ng khng c hi tip nhng bao gm nh hng ca h thng, RL, RS. Nu |Af| < |A| hi tip c gi l hi tip m Nu |Af| > |A| hi tip c gi l hi tip dng Biu thc 8.4 cho ta thy khi c hI tip m, lI gim i(1+A) ln so vi li ca mch cn bn khng c hi tip. li vng (loop gain): Tn hiu Xd trong hnh 8.10 c nhn vi A khi qua mch khuch i, c nhn vi khi truyn qua h thng hi tip v c nhn vi -1 trong mch trn v tr li ng vo. V vy T = -A c gi l li vng v i lng F = 1 + A = 1 - T c gi l tha s hi tip. Ngi ta thng dng i lng

biu din nh hng ca lng hi tip ln mch khuch i. Nu l hi tip m th N < 0.

8.4 TNH CHT CN BN CA MCH KHUCH I C HI TIP M:

Trong mch khuch i hi tip m lm gim li truyn nhng li c mt s u im ni bt nn c ng dng rng ri.

8.4.1 Gi vng khuch i:

Thng s ca BJT hay FET khng phi l mt hng s m chng thay i rt nhiu theo nhit , ngay c cc thng s ny cng khng ging nhau khi thay th t mt mu ny sang mt mu khc. Do , khi nhit thay i hay khi thay th linh kin tc ng li A ca mch s thay i. Khi c hi tip:

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Vy khi mch c hi tip, khi li A ca mch khng c hi tip thay i th li ca ton mch (c hi tip) thay i nh hn (1+A) ln. Trong trng hp |A| >> 1 th:

Ngha l mch khuch i sau khi thc hin hi tip m li ch cn ty thuc vo h s hi tip m thi. Thng thng h s hi tip c th c xc nh bi cc thnh phn th ng khng lin h vi transistor nn li ca mch s c gi vng.

8.4.2 Gim s bin dng:

Bin dng gm c bin dng tn s do s khuch i khng ng u cc tn s v bin dng phi tuyn do c tnh khng tuyn tnh ca BJT v FET lm pht sinh hi (harmonic signal) chng ln tn hiu c khuch i lm bin dng tn hiu ng ra. Nh vy ng ra ngoi thnh phn tn hiu vo c khuch i cn c mt thnh phn nhiu xut pht t s bin dng ca mch, ta t l D. Tn hiu ng ra: X0 = AXi + D Khi c hi tip m, nu ta gi Xi khng i th tn hiu ra gim v li Af < A. Nhng v s bin dng t l vi Af nn cng gim theo. Khi c hi tip m, mch khuch i A vn cho thnh phn bin dng D nhng ng ra ca mch ton phn s bin dng by gi ch cn l Df

Vy nhiu cng gim i 1+A ln khi c hi tip m.

8.4.3 Gia tng di tn hot ng:

li truyn ca cc mch khuch i thng l mt hm s theo tn s (xem li chng p tuyn tn s). - tn s cao ta c:

Trong Am l li ca mch tn s gia fH l tn s ct cao Nu mch c hi tip m th li truyn by gi l Af

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Nh vy khi thc hin hi tip m, tn s ct cao tng thm (1+Am) ln. Tng t tn s thp:

vi fL l tn s ct thp ca mch khuch i cn bn khng c hi tip. Dng cch phn gii tng t ta cng tm c:

l trong m thanh fH >> fL nn rng bng tn thng c xem nh gn bng fH hay fHf.

8.5 IN TR NG VO:
By gi ta xt nh hng ca hi tip m ln tng tr vo ca mch khuch i. - Nu tn hiu hi tip a v ng vo l in th v ni tip vi in th ng vo (hnh 8.11a v hnh 8.11b) th tng tr vo s tng.

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V in th hi tip vf ngc chiu vi vS nn dng in vo Ii nh hn khi mch cha c hi

- Nu tn hiu hi tip a v ng vo l dng in v mc song song vi tn hiu dng in ng vo (hnh 8.11c v 8.11d) th tng tr vo s gim.

m.

V Ii = IS - If nn Ii (vi mt gi tr xc nh ca If) s nh hn khi cha c hi tip

Cc c tnh ca 4 loi mch hi tip m c tm tt bng 8.2

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8.5.1 Mch hi tip in th ni tip:

Dng mch hnh 8.11a c v li trong hnh 8.14 vi mch khuch i c thay th bng mch tng ng Thevenin. Trong mch AVNL din t li in th ca mch h (khng ti) nhng xem RS nh mt thnh phn ca mch khuch i.

v A .R at o = Av = VNL L vi Ro + RL R if = v s R i .I i + v o R i I i + A v .Ri I i = = Is Ii Ii

Vy:

Rif=Ri(1+Av)

>Ri

Trong : AVNL li in th ca mch h khng hi tip AV li in th ca mch khng c hi tip v c RL Nh vy: (8.14) AVNL = lim AV RL

8.5.2 Mch hi tip dng in ni tip:

Dng mch mu hnh 8.11b c v li trong hnh 8.15

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V Gm = limGM RL0 Trong : Gm l in dn truyn ca mch ni tt (RL = 0) GM l in dn truyn ca mch khng c hi tip nhng c ti.

8.5.3 Mch hi tip dng in song song:

Dng mch mu hnh 8.11c c v li trong hnh 8.16 vi mch khuch i c thay th bng mch tng ng Norton. Trong mch ny Ai biu th dng in ca mch ni tt (RL = 0) vi ni tr ngun RS c xem nh mt thnh phn ca mch khuch i.

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8.5.4 Mch hi tip in th song song:

Dng mch mu hnh 8.11d c v li trong hnh 8.17

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Ch : Rm l in tr truyn ca mch h (RL = ) RM l in tr truyn ca mch khng c hi tip nhng c ti RL Do :Rm = lim RM RM

8.6 IN TR NG RA:
By gi ta xt nh hng ca hi tip m ln in tr ng ra ca mch khuch i. - Nu tn hiu hi tip m ly mu in th a v ng vo th in tr ng ra ca mch s gim (Rof<<R0). - Nu tn hiu hi tip m ly mu dng in a v ng vo th in tr ng ra ca mch s tng (Rof>>R0).

8.6.1 Mch hi tip in th ni tip:

Chng ta i tm in tr ng ra Rof cu mch c hi tip nhng cha mc ti RL vo. tm Rof, ta ni tt ngun ng vo (vS = 0, IS = 0) v h ti (RL = ). a mt ngun gi tng v vo 2 u ca ng ra, tnh dng in I chy vo mch to ra bi v. in tr ng ra c nh ngha:

Ch l R0 chia cho tha s hi tip 1+AVNL ( ch khng phi AV), trong AVNL l li in th ca mch khng c hi tip v h (RL = ). Khi a ti RL vo mch, in tr ng ra ca mch hi tip by gi l Rof = RL //Rof.

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Ch l by gi R0 chia cho tha s hi tip 1+AV, trong AV l li in th ca mch khng c hi tip nhng c ti RL.

8.6.2 Mch hi tip in th song song:

Xem li hnh 8.17. Ngt ngun ng vo (IS = 0) v cho h ti (RL =)

Rm: li in tr truyn ca mch khng hi tip v khng ti. Khi mc ti RL vo ta c:

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8.6.3 Mch hi tip dng in song song:

Xem hnh 8.16 vi v0 = v

vi Ai l li dng in ca mch ni tt (RL = 0). Khi mc RL vo:

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8.6.4 Mch hi tip dng in ni tip:

Xem hnh 8.15 vi vS = 0, RL = . Dng cch tnh tng t nh cc phn trn ta tm c:

c tnh v thng s ca mch khuch i hi tip c tm tt trong bng 8.3. Ch Gm l in dn truyn ca mch khng c hi tip ni tt (RL=0) cn GM l khi c ti.

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Bng 8.3 Phn tch mch khuch i hi tip

8.7 PHNG PHP PHN TCH MT MCH KHUCH I C HI TIP:

Bc u tin trong vic phn gii l nhn dng loi mch hi tip. Mch vng ng vo (input loop) c xc nh l ni a tn hiu in th vo vS: gia cc nn-pht BJT, cc cng-ngun FET, 2 ng vo mch khuch i visai... Vic trn hoc so snh c nhn dng l hi tip nu trong mch vo c mt b phn mch mc ni tip vi vS v nu c ni vi ng ra. Trong trng hp ny in th ngang qua l tn hiu hi tip Xf = vf (hnh 8.11a v hnh 8.11b). Nu iu kin trn ni tip khng tha, chng ta phi th dng trn song song. Nt ng vo (input node) c xc nh nh l: Cc nn B ca BJT u tin, cc cng G ca FET u tin, ng vo o ca mch khuch i visai hay op-amp. Trong trng hp ny ngun tn hiu Norton c dng trong tn hiu dng in IS i vo nt vo. Vic trn c nhn dng l song song nu c thnh phn ni gia nt vo v mch ng ra. Dng in trong thnh phn ni ny l tn hiu hi tip Xf = If (hnh 8.11c v 8.11d). Tm li, v Xi = XS - Xf, nn vic trn l ni tip nu hiu tn hiu a vo mch vng ng vo l in th v l trn song song nu hiu tn hiu a vo nt ng vo l dng in.

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i lng ng ra c ly mu c th l in th hay dng in. Nt ng ra m in th ng ra v0 ly ra phi c xc nh r trong mi trng hp ng dng. in th v0 thng c ly hai u ti RL v I0 l dng in chy qua RL. Ta c th th loi ly mu theo 2 bc: 1. t v0 = 0 (tc RL = 0). Nu Xf thnh 0, tn hiu ly mu l in th. 2. t I0 = 0 (tc RL = ). Nu Xf thnh 0, tn hiu ly mu l dng in. Mch khuch i khng c hi tip: Ta phn mch khuch i c hi tip ra lm 2 thnh phn: Mch khuch i cn bn A v h thng hi tip . Khi xc nh c A v ta tnh c cc c tnh quan trng ca mch khuch i c hi tip. Mch khuch i cn bn khng c hi tip (nhng h thng phi c a vo) c xc nh bng cch p dng cc nguyn tc sau y: - Tm mch ng vo: 1. t v0 = 0 khi ly mu in th (nt ng ra ni tt). 2. t I0 = 0 khi ly mu dng in (mch vng ng ra h). - Tm mch ng ra: 1. t vi = 0 khi mch trn song song (nt ng vo ni tt- khng c dng in hi tip i vo ng vo). 2. t Ii = 0 khi mch trn ni tip (mch vng ng vo h-khng c in th hi tip a vo ng vo). Cc bc phn gii: Tm Af, Rif, Rof theo cc bc sau y: 1. Nhn dng loi hi tip. Bc ny xc nh Xf v X0 l in th hay dng in. 2. V mch khuch i cn bn khng c hi tip theo nguyn tc phn trn. 3. Dng ngun tng ng Thevenin nu Xf l in th v dng ngun Norton nu Xf l dng in. 4. Thay thnh phn tc ng bng mch tng ng hp l (th d thng s h khi tn s thp hay thng s lai ( cho tn s cao).

6. Xc nh A bng nh lut Kirchhoff cho mch tng ng. 7. T A, , tm c F, Af, Rif, Rof, Rof.

8.8 MCH HI TIP IN TH NI TIP: (voltage- series feedback)

Hai th d v mch hi tip in th ni tip quen thuc c kho st mu l mch khuch i dng FET vi cc thot chung (source follower) v mch cc thu chung dng BJT (Emitter follower).
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Mt mch hi tip in th ni tip 2 tng dng BJT c a vo mc 8.9.

8.8.1 Mch source-follower:

Mch c cho hnh 8.18a. in tr ti l RL = R. V mch vng ng vo cha thnh phn R c ni vi ng ra (v0 ngang qua R) nn y l trng hp ca mch trn ni tip. Tn hiu hi tip Xf l in th vf ngang qua R. Kiu ly mu tm c bng cch cho v0 = 0 v khi vf = 0 nn l kiu ly mu in th. V vy y l mch hi tip in th ni tip.

Hnh 8.18 (a) Mch Source follower (b) Khuch i cn bn khng hi tip (c) Mch tng ng tn hiu nh tn s thp v mch khuch i cn bn ta theo 2 bc: - Tm mch vng ng vo bng cch cho v0 = 0, khi vS c a thng gia G v S. - Tm mch ng ra bng cch cho Ii = 0 (ng vo h). Khi R ch xut hin trong mch vng ng ra. Ta v c mch hnh 8.18b. Khi thay FET bng mch tng ng tn hiu nh tn s thp ta c mch hnh 8.18c

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V in tr ng vo ca FET rt ln: Ri = nn Rif =Ri.F= xc nh in tr ng ra, ta ch R = RL

8.8.2 Mch Emitter follower:

Mch c cho hnh 8.19a. Tn hiu hi tip l in th vf ngang qua RE v tn hiu ly mu l v0 ngang qua RE. Nh vy y l trng hp ca mch hi tip in th ni tip. v mch khuch i cn bn khng hi tip ta tm mch ng vo bng cch cho v0 = 0. Vy vS ni tip RS xut hin gia B v E. tm mch ng ra ta cho Ii = 0 (mch vng ng vo h) vy RE ch xut hin mch vng ng ra. Ta v c mch hnh 8.19b. Thay BJT bng mch tng ng tn hiu nh ta c mch hnh 8.19c.

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(b) Mch khuch i cn bn khng hi tip (c) Mch tng ng tn hiu nh tn s thp

Trong R0 (nhn vo ngun dng in)

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8.9 CP HI TIP IN TH NI TIP:

Hnh 8.20 din t mt mch khuch i 2 tng mc ni tip c li ln lt l AV1, AV2. tn hiu hi tip c ly t ng ra ca tng th 2 qua h thng R1, R2 a ngc li tn hiu ng vo vS. Vi cch phn tch tng t nh on trc, ta d dng thy rng y l trng hp ca mch hi tip in th ni tip. c tnh ch yu nh thy l tng tr vo tng, tng tr ra gim v li in th n nh.

Mch vo ca mch cn bn c tm bng cch cho v0 = 0, Vy R2 hin ra song song vi R1. Ng ra c tm bng cch cho Ii = 0 (I = 0) Vy ng ra R1 ni tip vi R2. in th hi tip vf ngang qua R1 t l vi in th c ly mu v0 nn:

Ta xem mch c th nh hnh 8.21 Trong : RS = 0, = 50 Ta th xc nh AVf, Rof, Rif u tin ta tnh li ton mch khi cha c hi tip AV = AV1. AV2

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Dng cch tnh phn cc nh cc chng trc ta s tm c: re2 # 17 re1 # 35 re1 =1.75 k re2 =850 Ti RL1 l: RL1 = 10k //47k //33k //850 813 T hnh 8.20b ta thy rng ti RL2 ca Q2 l Rc2 //(R1+R2) RL2 = 4.7k //4.8k = 2.37k Cng t hnh 8.20b, ta thy tng tr cc pht ca Q1 l RE vi: RE = R1 //R2 = 98

in tr ng vo ca mch khng hi tip: Ri = re1 +(1+)RE = 1.75k +(51)(0.098k) = 6.75k

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Khi c hi tip: Rif = Ri.F = 121.5k in tr ng ra khi cha c hi tip: R0 = RL2 = 2.37k in tr ng ra khi c hi tip:

8.10 MCH HI TIP DNG IN NI TIP

Ta xem mch c hi tip hnh 8.22. T cc l lun ca mch Emitter follower ta thy r l tn hiu hi tip Xf = vf l in th ngang qua in tr RE v l cch trn ni tip. th loi ly mu ta cho v0 = 0 (RL = 0). Vic lm ny khng to cho in th vf ngang qua RE tr thnh 0v. Nh vy mch ny khng ly mu in th. By gi nu cho I0 = 0 (RL = ) ngha l dng cc thu bng 0 nn vf ngang qua RE cng bng 0. Vy mch ly mu dng in ng ra. Vy l mch hi tip dng in ni tip.

Ch l mc d dng in I0 t l vi v0 nhng khng th kt lun l mch hi tip in th ni tip v nu in th ly mu l v0 th:

v by gi l mt hm s ca ti RL. Mch ng vo ca mch khuch i khng hi tip tm c bng cch cho I0 bng 0, RE xut hin mch vo. tm mch ng ra ta cho Ii = 0 v RE cng hin din mch ng ra. Mch c v li nh hnh 8.22b v mch tng ng theo thng s re nh hnh 8.22c. V in th hi tip t l vi I0 l dng in c ly mu nn vf xut hin ngang qua RE trong mch in ng ra (v khng phi ngang qua RE trong mch ng vo).
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Chng 8: Mch khuch i hi tip

Nu RE l mt in tr c nh, li in dn truyn ca mch hi tip rt n nh. Dng qua ti c cho bi:

Dng qua ti nh vy t l trc tip vi in th ng vo v dng ny ch ty thuc RE. Mt ng dng l dng mch ny lm mch iu khin lm lch chm tia in t trong dao ng nghim. li in th cho bi:

8.11 MCH KHUCH I HI TIP DNG IN SONG SONG:

Hnh 8.23 l mt mch dng 2 transistor lin lc trc tip dng hi tip t cc pht ca Q2 v cc nn ca Q1 qua in tr R. T cc l lun on 8.7 ta thy mch trn song
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Chng 8: Mch khuch i hi tip

song c dng v tn hiu hi tip Xf l dng in If chy qua R c ni t nt vo n mch ng ra.

nt vo song song vi RS.

xc nh loi ly mu, ta cho v0 = 0 (RC2 = 0), iu ny khng lm gim I0 v khng lm cho dng qua RE ca Q2 xung 0 v dng If khng gim xung 0 vy mch ny khng phi ly mu in th. By gi nu cho I0 = 0 (RC = ), dng If s bng 0 vy mch ly mu dng in. Nh vy mch hnh 8.23 l mt mch hi tip dng in song song. By gi ta s chng minh rng hi tip m. in th vB2 rt ln i vi vi do Q1 khuch i. Cng vy, vB2 lch pha 1800 so vi pha ca vi. V tc ng Emitter follower, vE2 thay i rt t so vi vB2 v 2 in th ny cng pha. Vy vB2 c bin ln hn vi (l vB1) v c pha lch 1800 so vi pha ca vi. Nu tn hiu vo tng lm cho IS tng v If cng tng v Ii = IS If s nh hn trong trng hp khng c hi tip. Tc ng ny l mt c tnh ca mch hi tip m. Mch khuch i khng c hi tip: Mch vo ca mch khng hi tip tm c bng cch cho I0 = 0. V dng IB2 khng ng k nn cc pht ca Q2 xem nh h (IE2 0). Kt qu l R mc ni tip vi RE cc nn ca Q1. Mch ng ra tm c bng cch ni tt nt ng vo (cc nn ca Q1). Vy R c xem nh mc song song vi RE ti cc pht ca Q2. V tn hiu hi tip l dng in, mch ngun c v li bng ngun tng ng Norton vi IS = vS /RS . Mch tng ng cui cng nh sau:

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Tn hiu hi tip l dng in If chy qua in tr R nm trong mch ng ra. T hnh 8.24 ta c:

Nu RE, R, RC2, RS n nh th Avf n nh (c lp vi thng s ca BJT, nhit hay s dao ng ca ngun in th vS).

8.12 MCH HI TIP IN TH SONG SONG:

Hnh 8.25a l mt tng cc pht chung vi in tr R c ni t ng ra tr v ng vo. Ging nh mch hnh 8.23 ta thy mch trn song song c dng v Xf l dng in If chy qua R.

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Nu chng ta cho v0 = 0, dng hi tip If s gim ti 0 ch rng kiu ly mu in th c s dng. Vy mch ny l mch khuch i hi tip in th song song. Nh th li truyn (in tr truyn) Af = RMf c n nh v c hai in tr ng vo v ng ra u b gim. Mch khuch i khng hi tip: Mch vo c xc nh bng cch ni tt nt ra (V0 = 0) nh vy R ni t cc B n cc E ca BJT. Mch ng ra c xc nh bng cch ni tt nt vo (vi = 0), nh vy R ni t cc thu n cc pht. Kt qu l mch tng ng khng hi tip c v li hnh 8.25b. V tn hiu hi tip l dng in, ngun tn hiu c biu din bng ngun tng ng Norton vi IS = vS /RS. Tn hiu hi tip l dng in If chy qua in tr R nm trong mch ng ra. T hnh 8.25b:

iu ny chng t rng If t l vi v0 v tn hiu ly mu l in th. Vi mch khuch i c hi tip ta c:

Ch rng in tr truyn bng lng m ca in tr hi tip t ng ra v ng vo. V nu R l mt in tr n nh th in tr truyn s n nh. li in th vi mch hi tip:

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BI TP CUI CHNG VIII

******

Bi 1: a/ Cho mch in nh hnh v. Tm in th xoay chiu vi (theo vS v vf). Gi s mch khuch i o c in tr vo v hn v Transistor c cc thng s =100; phn cc vi IC = 1.3mA

Bi 2: Mt mch khuch i cn bn khng hi tip cho ng ra l 30v vi 10% bin dng ha tn bc hai (second-harmonic distortion) khi ng vo 0.025v. a/ Nu 1.5% ng ra c hi tip v ng vo bng mch khuch i hi tip m in th ni tip th in th ng ra nh th no? b/ Nu ng ra vn gi 30v, nhng ha tn bc 2 gim cn 1% th in th ng vo l bao nhiu? Bi 3: Mt mch khuch i c hi tip nh hnh sau dng 2 transistor c = 100; phn cc vi dng IC = 1mA. Cc t in xem nh ni tt tn s ca tn hiu.

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Bi 4: Trong mch khuch i hi tip sau, transistor c cc thng s =100, phn cc vi IC =1.3mA. B qua iu kin phn cc.

Bi 5: Transistor trong mch c cc thng s =100; phn cc vi IC=1.3mA. Tnh:

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Bi 6: Transistor trong mch c cc thng s =100, phn cc vi IC=1.3mA. a/ Vi RE = 0. Xc nh: RMf = V0/IS; AVf=V0/VS, trong IS=VS/RS Rif, R0f b/ Lp li bi ton vi RE=0.5k

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