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Analysis Design of Strong Column Weak Beam Sni 0328472002
Analysis Design of Strong Column Weak Beam Sni 0328472002
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CHAPTER
03
3.1
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF STRONG COLUMN & WEAK BEAM SNI 03-2847-2002
INTRODUCTION
Moment resistant ductile frame of reinforced concrete structure is designed for strength and ductility. Strength related to the maximum capacity of the structural member to resist the earthquake load, ductility related to the maximum deformation beyond the yield stress without loss of strength. To prevent the failure during strong earthquake the column member is designed stronger than the beam member it is called as strong column and weak beam concept.
This chapter describes the analysis and design of flexural member and column member using the strong column and weak beam concept.
3.2
The followings are the major aspect of the strong column and weak beam concept, as follows : The overall structure is designed so it can develop inelastic structural behavior. Column is designed stronger than beam it means during strong earthquake column member remain elastic so it can provide stability and strength of the stories above. The development of plastic hinge is forms at the end of beam, so the energy dissipation is occurs in the plastic hinge. To ensure the perfect energy dissipation at plastic hinge, plastic hinge region required special reinforcement detailing (confinement) to improve ductility, energy absorption capacity and perform inelasticity.
3.2.2
In the strong column and weak beam concept the beam is permitted to yields but the column remains elastic. The behavior of reinforced concrete beam is more ductile than the reinforced concrete column, so it is safer to design the location of plastic hinge forms at the end of beam rather at the column.
The figure below shows the formation of plastic hinge at the end of reinforced concrete beam, as follows :
D3 - 1
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FIGURE 3.1
3.2.3
DUCTILITY
In general meaning the ductility is the ability of the structural member to deform beyond its yield stress several times without significant losses of its strength. As already known concrete material is a brittle material so during the strong earthquake this material may fail suddenly.
To provide the ductility of the plastic hinge region which at the end of beam special reinforcement detailing is required so during the earthquake the plastic hinge can deform beyond its yield stress without failure.
3.3
3.4
D3 - 2
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The followings are the major basic of flexural member design with strong column weak beam concept, as follows : Design of flexural reinforcement due to gravity load, earthquake load is similar to the original reinforced concrete design. The shear strength is calculated based on the probable moment resistance, not due to factored shear force. Special reinforcement detailing for longitudinal reinforcement, shear reinforcement,
3.4.2 3.4.3
LIMITATION OF DIMENSION
The followings are the minimum limits of reinforced concrete beam dimension, as follows : Minimum beam width = 250 mm. Maximum beam width = width of supporting column + 1.5 depth of beam. Width to depth ratio 0.3. Span to depth ratio 4 to prevent the deep beam action. PROBABLE MOMENT RESISTANCE
During the strong earthquake the end of beam will yields, if the shear strength is not strong enough the beam will fail due to shear which is brittle. Based on the requirement the shear design must be done based on the probable moment resistance of the end of beam. The shear capacity of the plastic hinge region must be over and above that corresponding flexural failure.
The probable moment resistance is calculated based on the following assumption, as follows : The flexural reinforcement is enters into the strain hardening area. The ratio of ultimate tensile strength to yield strength is taken as 1.25. The strength reduction factor is taken as =1.0.
The figure below shows the free body diagram of calculation of probable moment resistance.
FIGURE 3.2
The steel stress of the tensile reinforcement is taken as (1.25fy) rather than fy. The probable moment resistance is calculated, as follows : a Mpr = 1.0 1.25 A s fy d 2
[3.1]
D3 - 3
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where : Mpr As fy d a = probable moment resistance = area of tensile reinforcement = yield strength of tensile reinforcement = effective depth = depth of compressive block
a=
[3.2]
3.4.4
SHEAR DESIGN
The design shear force for flexure member is calculated based on the shear force due to gravity load and reversible side sway bending moment (hinging of end of beam).
The figure below shows the shear force diagram due to gravity load and hinging at beam end, as follows :
FIGURE 3.3
[3.3]
w u = 1.2DL + 1.0LL
D3 - 4
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where : VL VR MprL MprR DL LL Ln = shear force at left side = shear force at right side = probable moment resistance at left side = probable moment resistance at right side = uniform gravity load of DL = uniform gravity load of LL = clear span length
The shear reinforcement is designed with the concrete shear strength at the plastic hinge region taken as zero : Vc = 0
[3.4]
Design of shear reinforcement outside the plastic hinge region is similar to the original reinforced concrete design.