Contents

Name Purpose Key Message

LTE Network Planning To Introduce the LTE basic principle, network planning method and RNP solution

LTE has the flat network architecture and physical layer applies OF M technology! as well as the M"MO! "C"C! etc# LTE network planning includes co$erage! capacity planning# Link %udget and capacity estimation are introduced in these slides# "n &NP solution! you can find the introduction of &NP tools! performance enhancement features and other solution that customer will concern! such as the interference a$oidance and co' antenna analysis

(udience

Global C& i RNP engineers, product manager and account managers with wireless background knowledge

)ersion "nformation
)ersions Creator*+taff " (ppro$er*+taff "

&elease dept#

!"#$%"$&$"&"'

Cui (ong)eng&*+',Huawei Confidential Page 1

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Charter 1 LTE Principles Charter 2 LTE Network Planning Charter 3 LTE RNP Solutions

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LTE Network .rchitecture

Compare with traditional , network! LTE architecture %ecomes The E-UTRAN consists of e No!e"s, providing much more simple and flat! which the user plane and control plane. can lead to lower networking cost! The EPC consists of MME, S #$ and P #$. higher networking fle.i%ility and Network %nterface of LTE shorter time delay of user data and control signaling# The e-NodeBs are interconnected 5ith each other '( )eans of the &2 interface, 5hich ena'ling direct trans)ission of data and signaling.

Main Network Element of LTE

S1 is the interface 'et5een e-NodeBs and the EPC, )ore specificall( to the MME via the !$-MME and to the !-"# via the !$-U
eNB 0nter Cell RRM RB Control Connection Mo'ilit( Cont .

MME !-"#

MME !-"#

MME NA! !ecurit(

Radio Ad)ission Control eNB Measure)ent Configuration* Provision +(na)ic Resource Allocation ,!cheduler RRC

0dle !tate Mo'ilit( .andling EP! Bearer Control

RRC4 Radio Resource Control P+CP4 Pac2et +ata Convergence Protocol R1C4 Radio 1in2 Control MAC4 Mediu) Access Control P./4 Ph(sical la(er EPC4 Evolved Pac2et Core MME4 Mo'ilit( Manage)ent Entit( !-"#4 !erving "ate5a( P-"#4 P+N "ate5a(

!$

eNB
%&
%&

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!$
!$

!$

%&

eNB

E-UTRAN

P+CP R1C MAC !$ P./

!-"# Mo'ilit( Anchoring

P-"# UE 0P address allocation Pac2et 3iltering internet

eNB

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E-UTRAN

Page !

EPC

LTE Network Element /unction

e No!e hosts the following functions'

eNB 0nter Cell RRM RB Control Connection Mo'ilit( Cont . Radio Ad)ission Control NA! !ecurit( eNB Measure)ent Configuration * Provision +(na)ic Resource Allocation ,!cheduler RRC P+CP R1C MAC !$ P./ Pac2et 3iltering inte

3unctions for Radio Resource Manage)ent4 Radio Bearer Control, Radio Ad)ission Control, Connection Mo'ilit( Control, +(na)ic allocation of resources to UEs in 'oth uplin2 and do5nlin2 ,scheduling-6 0P header co)pression and encr(ption of user data strea)6 !election of an MME at UE attach)ent6 Routing of User Plane data to5ards !erving "ate5a(6 !cheduling and trans)ission of paging and 'roadcast )essages ,originated fro) the MME-6 Measure)ent and )easure)ent reporting configuration for )o'ilit( and scheduling6

MME

0dle !tate Mo'ilit( .andling EP! Bearer Control

MME (Mo)ilit* Management Entit*+ hosts the following functions'

!-"# Mo'ilit( Anchoring

P-"# UE 0P address allocation

NA! signaling and securit(6 A! !ecurit( control6 0dle state )o'ilit( handling6 EP! ,Evolved Pac2et !(ste)- 'earer control6 !upport paging, handover, roa)ing and authentication.

S #$ (Ser,ing #atewa*+ hosts the following functions'

E-UTRAN

EPC

P #$ (P-N #atewa*+ hosts the following functions'

Pac2et routing and for5arding6 1ocal )o'ilit( anchor point for handover6 1a5ful interception6 U1 and +1 charging per UE, P+N, and 7C06 Accounting on user and 7C0 granularit( for inter-operator charging.

Per-user 'ased pac2et filtering6 UE 0P address allocation6 U1 and +1 service level charging, gating and rate enforce)ent6

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Introduction o) LTE Radio Protocol 0tack

Two Planes in LTE Ra!io Protocol'

Main /unctions of Control plane'

.ser plane4 3or user data transfer Control plane4 3or s(ste) signaling transfer

R1C and MAC la(ers perfor) the sa)e functions as for the user plane P+CP la(er perfor)s ciphering and integrit( protection RRC la(er perfor)s 'roadcast, paging, connection )anage)ent, RB control, )o'ilit( functions, UE )easure)ent reporting and control NA! la(er perfor)s EP! 'earer )anage)ent, authentication, securit( control Control plane protocol stack
eNB MME NA! RRC P+CP R1C MAC P./

Main /unctions of .ser plane'

.eader Co)pression Ciphering !cheduling AR7 .AR7

UE

.ser plane protocol stack

UE P+CP R1C MAC P./ eNB P+CP R1C MAC P./

NA! RRC P+CP R1C MAC P./

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Radio /rame 0tructure 1"2

Ra!io /rame Structures Supporte! )* LTE' T(pe $, applica'le to 3++ T(pe &, applica'le to T++ /-- Ra!io /rame Structure'

1TE applies 83+M technolog(, 5ith su'carrier spacing f9$:2.; and &<=>order 033T. The ti)e unit in fra)e structure is Ts9$ ,&<=>? $:<<<- second 3++ radio fra)e is $<)s sho5n as 'elo5, divided into &< slots 5hich are <.:)s. 8ne slot consists of @ consecutive 83+M !()'ols under Nor)al CP configuration

One radio frame , Tf = 307200Ts = 10 ms

One slot, T slot = 15360 Ts = 0.5 ms #0 #1 #2 #3 #18 #19

/-- Ra!io /rame Structure

Concept of Resource "lock'

One subframe

1TE consists of ti)e do)ain and freAuenc( do)ain resources0 The minimum unit for sche!ule is R" (Resource "lock+, 5hich co)pose of RE ,Resource Ele)entRE has &-di)ension structure4 s()'ol of ti)e do)ain and su'carrier of freAuenc( do)ain 8ne RB consists of $ slot and $& consecutive su'carriers under Nor)al CP configuration

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Radio /rame 0tructure 1,2

T-- Ra!io /rame Structure'

.plink !ownlink Configurations

.plink !ownlink -ownlink to .plink configuration Switch point perio!icit* Su)frame num)er 1 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 6 7

Applies 83+M, sa)e su'carriers spacing and ti)e unit 5ith 3++. !i)ilar fra)e structure 5ith 3++. radio fra)e is $<)s sho5n as 'elo5, divided into &< slots 5hich are <.:)s. The uplin2-do5nlin2 configuration of $<)s fra)e are sho5n in the right ta'le.

< $ & B =

: )s : )s : )s $< )s $< )s $< )s : )s

+ + + + + + +

S S S S S S S

U U U U U U U

U U + U U + U

U + + U + + U

+ + + + + + +

S S S + + + S

U U U + + + U

U U + + + + U

U + + + + + +

One radio frame , Tf = 307200 Ts = 10 ms One &alf 'frame , 153600 Ts = 5 ms

: C

(3 (ownlink sub)rame 43 4plink sub)rame 03 0pecial sub)rame

One slot , T slot =15360 T s

30720 T s

#ubframe #0 One subframe , 30720 Ts $%P"# GP

#ubframe #2

#ubframe #3

#ubframe #(

T-- Ra!io /rame Structure

!P"#

#ubframe #5 #ubf (wPT03 (ownlink Pilot Time 0lot GP3 Guard Period 4pPT03 4plink Pilot Time 0lot $%P"# GP !P"#

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Radio /rame 0tructure 1+2

CP Length Configuration'

CP Configuration
Configuration Normal CP f9$:2.; -L 8/-M CP Length $C< for slot E< $== for slot E$FEC E:ten!e! CP f9$:2.; f9@.:2.; :$& for slot E<FE: $<&= for slot E<FE& .L SC /-M9 CP Length $C< for slot E< $== for slot E$FEC :$& for slot E<FE: NU11 &= ,+1 onl(C B ,+1 onl(Su) carrier of S*m)ol of each R" each slot ", 5

C(clic PrefiD is applied to eli)inate 0!0 of 83+M. CP length is related 5ith coverage radius. Nor)al CP can fulfill the reAuire)ent of co))on scenarios. EDtended CP is for 5ide coverage scenario. 1onger CP, higher overheading.

Slot structure un!er Normal CP configuration (/f;13k<=+

Slot structure un!er E:ten!e! CP configuration (/f;13k<=+

Slot structure un!er E:ten!e! CP configuration (/f;503k<=+

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6rie) Introduction o) Ph7sical Channels

-ownlink Channels

Ph(sical Broadcast Channel ,P"C<-4 Carries s(ste) infor)ation for cell search, such as cell 0+. Ph(sical +o5nlin2 Control Channel ,P-CC<- 4 Carries the resource allocation of PC. and +1-!C., and .('rid AR7 infor)ation. Ph(sical +o5nlin2 !hared Channel ,P-SC<- 4 Carries the do5nlin2 user data. Ph(sical Control 3or)at 0ndicator Channel ,PC/%C<- 4 Carriers infor)ation of the 83+M s()'ols nu)'er used for the P+CC.. Ph(sical .('rid AR7 0ndicator Channel ,P<%C<- 4 Carries .('rid AR7 ACG NACG in response to uplin2 trans)issions. Ph(sical Multicast Channel ,PMC<- 4 Carries the )ulticast infor)ation.

BC .

MC.

PC .

+ 1-!C .

Downlink Transport chan

9.C La7er Ph7sical La7er

PBC. Mapping PM C .

P+ !C. downlink P+ C C. %etween

Downlink Physical chann

transport channels and downlink physical channels

U 1-!C.

R AC .

.plink Channels

Uplink Transport channels

9.C La7er Ph7sical La7er

Ph(sical Rando) Access Channel ,PR9C<- 4 Carries the rando) access prea)'le. Ph(sical Uplin2 !hared Channel ,P.SC<- 4 Carries the uplin2 user data. Ph(sical Uplin2 Control Channel ,P.CC<- 4 Carries the .AR7 ACG NACG, !cheduling ReAuest ,!R- and Channel 7ualit( 0ndicator ,C70-, etc.

P R.C8 PU !C. PU C C. Mapping %etween

uplink

Uplink Physical channels

transport channels and downlink physical channels

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(ownlink Ph7sical Channel

-ownlink Ph*sical Channel Processing

scram)ling of co!e! )its in each of the co!e wor!s to )e transmitte! on a ph*sical channel mo!ulation of scram)le! )its to generate comple: ,alue! mo!ulation s*m)ols mapping of the comple: ,alue! mo!ulation s*m)ols onto one or se,eral transmission la*ers preco!ing of the comple: ,alue! mo!ulation s*m)ols on each la*er for transmission on the antenna ports mapping of comple: ,alue! mo!ulation s*m)ols for each antenna port to resource elements
)ode %ords

generation of comple: ,alue! time !omain 8/-M signal for each antenna port
la-ers

#)ramblin*

+odulation ma!!er ,a-er ma!!er Pre)odin*

.esour)e element ma!!er

#)ramblin*

+odulation ma!!er

.esour)e element ma!!er

Mo!ulation Scheme of -ownlink Channel

Phy Ch

Modulation +cheme

Phy Ch

Modulation +cheme

!ho5n at the right ta'le

P6C8 P(CC8 P(0C8

:P0; :P0; :P0;, "<:.9, <-:.9

PC/IC8 P8IC8 P9C8

:P0; 6P0; :P0;, "<:.9, <-:.9

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4plink Ph7sical Channel

.plink Ph*sical Channel Processing

scram)ling mo!ulation of scram)le! )its to generate comple: ,alue! s*m)ols transform preco!ing to generate comple: ,alue! s*m)ols mapping of comple: ,alue! s*m)ols to resource elements generation of comple: ,alue! time !omain SC /-M9 signal for each antenna port

#)ramblin*

+odulation ma!!er

"ransform !re)oder

.esour)e element ma!!er

Mo!ulation Scheme of -ownlink Channel

Phy Ch

Modulation +cheme

!ho5n at the right ta'le

P4CC8 P40C8 PR.C8

6P0;, :P0; :P0;, "<:.9, <-:.9 =ado))>Chu

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(ownlink Ph7sical 0ignals 1"2

R0 R0

-ownlink RS (Reference Signal+'

R0

R0

R0

R0

R0

R0

t r o P a nne t n 9 en 8

l=0

l=6 l=0

l=6

Cell Specific RS Mapping in Time /re>uenc* -omain

. esour)e element 2k,l 3 R1
R1

!i)ilar 5ith Pilot signal of C+MA. Used for do5nlin2 ph(sical channel de)odulation and channel Aualit( )easure)ent ,C70Three t(pes of R! in protocol. Cell-!pecific Reference !ignal is essential and the other t5o t(pes R! ,MB!3N !pecific R! * UE-!pecific R!- are optional.

One antenna !ort

Characteristics'

R0

R0

RE
R1

R0

R0

R1

R0

R0

R1

R1

Not use! for RS transmission on this antenna . eferen)e s-mbols on t&is antenna !ort port
4 ot used for transmission on t&is anten na !ort
l=6

R0
l=0

R0
l=6 l=0 l=6 l=0

R1
l=6 l=0

R1

RS s*m)ols on this antenna port

s t r o P a nne t n 9 o wT

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3

/ our antenna !orts

Cell-!pecific Reference !ignals are generated fro) cellspecific R! seAuence and freAuenc( shift )apping. R! is the pseudo-rando) seAuence trans)its in the ti)efreAuenc( do)ain. The freAuenc( interval of R! is C su'carriers. R! distri'utes discretel( in the ti)e-freAuenc( do)ain, sa)pling the channel situation 5hich is the reference of +1 de)odulation. !erried R! distri'ution leads to accurate channel esti)ation, also high overhead that i)pacting the s(ste) capacit(.
R3

"%o antenna !orts

R0

R0

R1

R1

R2

R1' RS transmitte! in 1st ant port R2' RS transmitte! in 2n! ant port R3' RS transmitte! in 3r! ant port
l=6

R0

R0

R1

R1

R2

R3

R0
l=0

R0
l=6 l=0 l=6 l=0

R1
l=6 l=0

R1
l=6 l=0

R2
l=6 l=0 l=6 l=0

R3
l=6 l=0

R2' RS transmitte! in 2th ant port

M0+FN1 Multicast*0roadcast o$er a +ingle Fre2uency Network

e5en'numbered slots

odd'numbered slots

e5en'numbered slots

odd'numbered slots

e5en'numbered slots

odd'numbered slots

e5en'numbered slots

odd'numbered slots

r o P a nne t n 9r uo/

1ntenna !ort 0

1ntenna !ort 1

1 ntenna !ort2

1 ntenna !ort 3

9ntenna Port 1

9ntenna Port 1

9ntenna Port 2

9ntenna Port 3

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(ownlink Ph7sical 0ignals 1,2

S*nchroni=ation Signal'
s(nchroni;ation signals are used for ti)e-freAuenc( s(nchroni;ation 'et5een UE and E-UTRAN during cell search. s(nchroni;ation signal co)prise t5o parts4 Primar* S*nchroni=ation Signal, used for s()'ol ti)ing, freAuenc( s(nchroni;ation and part of the cell 0+ detection. Secon!ar* S*nchroni=ation Signal, used for detection of radio fra)e ti)ing, CP length and cell group Characteristics' 0+. The 'and5idth of the s(nchroni;ation signal is C& su'carrier, locating in the central part of s(ste) 'and5idth, regardless of s(ste) 'and5idth si;e. !(nchroni;ation signals are trans)itted onl( in the $st and $$rd slots of ever( $<)s fra)e. The pri)ar( s(nchroni;ation signal is located in the last s()'ol of the trans)it slot. The secondar( s(nchroni;ation signal is located in the &nd last s()'ol of the trans)it slot. S*nchroni=ation Signals Structure

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4plink Ph7sical 0ignals

.plink RS (Reference Signal+'

/re>

The uplin2 pilot signal, used for s(nchroni;ation 'et5een E-UTRAN and UE, as 5ell as uplin2 channel esti)ation. T5o t(pes of U1 reference signals4

9llocate! .L )an!wi!th of one .E

+M R! associated 5ith PU!C. is )apped to the =th s()'ol each slot

Time /re>

-M RS ,+e)odulation Reference !ignal-, associated 5ith PU!C. and PUCC. trans)ission. SRS ,!ounding Reference !ignal-, 5ithout associated 5ith PU!C. and PUCC. trans)ission.

Characteristics'

Each UE occupies parts of the s(ste) 'and5idth since !C-3+MA is applied in uplin2. +M R! onl( trans)its in the 'and5idth allocated to PU!C. and PUCC.. The slot location of +M R! differs 5ith associated PU!C. and PUCC. for)at. !ounding R!Hs 'and5idth is larger than that allocated to UE, in order to provide the reference to e-NodeB for channel esti)ation in the 5hole 'and5idth. !ounding R! is )apped to the last s()'ol of su'-fra)e. The trans)itted 'and5idth and period can 'e configured. !R! trans)ission scheduling of )ulti UE can achieve ti)e freAuenc( code diversit(.

+M R! associated 5ith PUCC. ,trans)its U1 ACG signaling- is )apped to the central B s()'ols each slot

Time /re>

+M R! associated 5ith PUCC. ,trans)its U1 C70 signaling- is )apped to the & s()'ols each slot

Time

S*stem )an!wi!th

P.CC< is mappe! to up ? !own en!s of the s*stem )an!wi!th@ hopping )etween two slots0

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Ph7sical La7er Procedure ? Cell 0earch

"asic Principle of Cell Search'

%nitial Cell Search'

Cell search is the procedure of UE s(nchroni;es 5ith EUTRAN in ti)e-freA do)ain, and acAuires the serving cell 0+. T5o steps in cell search4 !tep $4 !()'ol s(nchroni;ation and acAuire)ent of 0+ 5ithin Cell "roup '( de)odulating the Pri)ar( !(nchroni;ation !ignal6 !tep &4 3ra)e s(nchroni;ation, acAuire)ent of CP length and Cell "roup 0+ '( de)odulating the !econdar( !(nchroni;ation !ignal.

The initial cell search is carried on after the UE po5er on. Usuall(, UE doesnHt 2no5 the net5or2 'and5idth and carrier freAuenc( at the first ti)e s5itch on. UE repeats the 'asic cell search, tries all the carrier freAuenc( in the spectru) to de)odulate the s(nchroni;ation signals. This procedure ta2es ti)e, 'ut the ti)e reAuire)ent are t(picall( relativel( relaDed. !o)e )ethods can reduce ti)e, such as recording the for)er availa'le net5or2 infor)ation as the prior search target. 8nce finish the cell search, 5hich achieve s(nchroni;ation of ti)efreA do)ain and acAuire)ent of Cell 0+, UE de)odulates the PBC. and acAuires for s(ste) infor)ation, such as 'and5idth and TD antenna nu)'er. After the procedure a'ove, UE de)odulates the P+CC. for its paging period that allocated '( s(ste). UE 5a2es up fro) the 0+1E state in the specified paging period, de)odulates P+CC. for )onitoring paging. 0f paging is detected, P+!C. resources 5ill 'e de)odulated to receive paging )essage.

9)out Cell %-

0n 1TE protocol, the ph(sical la(er Cell 0+ co)prises t5o parts4 Cell "roup 0+ and 0+ 5ithin Cell "roup. The latest version defines that there are $C> Cell "roup 0+s, B 0+s 5ithin each group. !o totall* 146A3;312 Cell %-s e:ist0 213 223

)ell N 6$

= 3 N 6$ + N 6$

213 N 6$ 223 N 6$

3reA !earch ignals 07nc 0 P6C8 P(CC8 P(0C8

represents Cell "roup 0+, value fro) < to $C@6 represents 0+ 5ithin Cell "roup, value fro) <

to &.

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Ph7sical La7er Procedure ? Radom .ccess

"asic Principle of Ran!om 9ccess '

-etail Proce!ure of Ran!om 9ccess'

Rando) access is the procedure of uplin2 s(nchroni;ation 'et5een UE and E-UTRAN. Prior to rando) access, ph(sical la(er shall receive the follo5ing infor)ation fro) the higher la(ers4

Ph(sical 1a(er procedure is triggered upon reAuest of a prea)'le trans)ission '( higher la(ers. The higher la(ers reAuest indicates a prea)'le indeD, a target prea)'le received po5er, a corresponding RA-RNT0 and a PRAC. resource . UE deter)ines the prea)'le trans)ission po5er is prea)'le target received po5er I Path 1oss. The trans)ission shall not higher than the )aDi)u) trans)ission po5er of UE. Path 1oss is the do5nlin2 path loss esti)ate calculated in the UE. A prea)'le seAuence is selected fro) the prea)'le seAuence set using the prea)'le indeD. A single prea)'le is trans)itted using the selected prea)'le seAuence 5ith calculated trans)ission po5er on the indicated PRAC. resource. UE +etection of a P+CC. 5ith the indicated RA-RNT0 is atte)pted during a 5indo5 controlled '( higher la(ers. 0f detected, the corresponding P+!C. transport 'loc2 is passed to higher la(ers. The higher la(ers parse the transport 'loc2 and indicate the &<-'it grant.
R.>RNTI3 Random .ccess Radio Network Temporar7 Identi)ier

Rando) access channel para)eters4 PRAC. configuration, freAuenc( position and prea)'le for)at, etc. Para)eters for deter)ining the prea)'le root seAuences and their c(clic shifts in the seAuence set for the cell, in order to de)odulate the rando) access prea)'le.

T5o steps in ph(sical la(er rando) access4

UE trans)ission of rando) access prea)'le Rando) access response fro) E-UTRAN

a)'le RA Pre PR9C< sponse RA Re P-CC<

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Ph7sical La7er Procedure ? Power Control

"asic Principle of Power Control'

-ownlink Power Control'

+o5nlin2 po5er control deter)ines the EPRE ,Energ( per Resource Ele)ent-6 Uplin2 po5er control deter)ines the energ( per +3T-!83+M ,also called !C-3+MA- s()'ol.

The trans)ission po5er of do5nlin2 R! is usuall( constant. The trans)ission po5er of P+!C. is proportional 5ith R! trans)ission po5er. +o5nlin2 trans)ission po5er 5ill 'e adKusted '( the co)parison of UE report C70 and target C70 during the po5er control.

.plink Power Control'

Uplin2 po5er control consists of opened loop po5er and closed loop po5er control. A cell 5ide overload indicator ,80- is eDchanged over %& interface for integrated inter-cell po5er control, possi'le to enhance the s(ste) perfor)ance through po5er control. PU!C., PUCC., PRAC. and !ounding R! can 'e controlled respectivel( '( uplin2 po5er control. Ta2e PU!C. po5er control for eDa)ple4

UE report C70 +1 TD Po5er

PPU)*+(i) = min%P$,- ,10 lo*10 ($ PU)*+(i)) + P'(PU)*+(#) + "(#) P! +

T&

(i) + f(i)}

34
U1 TD Po5er !(ste) adKust para)eters

PU!C. po5er control is the slo5 po5er control, to co)pensate the path loss and shado5 fading and control inter-cell interference. The control principle is sho5n in a'ove eAuation. The follo5ing factors i)pact PU!C. trans)ission po5er PPU!C. 4 UE )aDi)u) trans)ission po5er PM , A % , UE allocated resource MP U ! C . , initial trans)ission po5er P8 J P U ! C . esti)ated path loss P1, )odulation coding factor @T3 and s(ste) adKust)ent factor f ,not 5or2ing during opened loop PC-

EPRE3 Energ7 per Resource Element (/T>0A/(93 (iscrete /ourier Trans)orm 0pread A/(9

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ABerBiew o) LTE La7er ,

La*er 2 is split into the following la*ers'

Main /unctions of La*er 2'

MAC ,Mediu) Access Control- 1a(er R1C ,Radio 1in2 Control - 1a(er P+CP ,Pac2et +ata Convergence Protocol 1a(er
La*er 2 Structure for -L
Radio Bearers R8.C R8.C !ecurit( R8.C !ecurit( R8.C

.eader co)pression, Ciphering !eg)entation and concatenation, AR7 !cheduling, priorit( handling, )ultipleDing and de)ultipleDing, .AR7
La*er 2 Structure for .L
Radio Bearers R8.C P+CP !ecurit( R8.C !ecurit(

P+CP !ecurit( !ecurit(

R1C

!eg) . AR7 etc

...

!eg) . AR7 etc 1ogical Channels

!eg). AR7 etc

...

!eg). AR7 etc

BCC.

R1C PCC.

!eg) . AR7 etc

...

!eg) . AR7 etc 1ogical Channels

!cheduling Priorit( .andling

!cheduling Priorit( .andling

MAC

MultipleDing UE $

MultipleDing UE n

MAC

MultipleDing

.AR7

.AR7 Transport Channels

.AR7

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Transport Channel

Introduction o) 9.C La7er

Main functions of M9C La*er'

Logical Channels of M9C La*er'

Mapping 'et5een logical channels and transport channels MultipleDing de)ultipleDing of R1C P+Us ,Protocol +ata Unit- 'elonging to one or different radio 'earers into fro) TB ,transport 'loc2s - delivered to fro) the ph(sical la(er on transport channels Traffic volu)e )easure)ent reporting Error correction through .AR7 Radio Bearers
R8.C R8.C logical channels of one Priorit( handling 'et5een P+CP UE !ecurit( !ecurit(

Control Channel4 3or the transfer of control plane infor)ation Traffic Channel4 for the transfer of user plane infor)ation
CCC. +CC. +TC.

Uplink !o.ical channels

Control Channel Traffic Channel

RAC. U1-!C.

.L Channel Mapping of M9C La*er

Uplink Transport channels

Priorit( handling 'et5een UEs ,d(na)ic scheduling!eg) . !eg) . R1C ... Transport for)at selection AR7 etc AR7 etc

Padding
!cheduling Priorit( .andling

PCC.

BCC.

CCC.

+CC.

+TC.

MCC.

MTC.

1ogical Channels

Downlink !o.ical channels

M9C La*er Structure

MAC MultipleDing

-L Channel Mapping of M9C La*er

.AR7

PC.

BC.

+1-!C.

MC.

Downlink Transport channel

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Introduction o) RLC La7er

Main functions of RLC La*er'

RLC P-. Structure'

Transfer of upper la(er P+Us supports AM or The P+U seAuence nu)'er carried '( the R1C UM header is independent of the !+U seAuence nu)'er TM data transfer The si;e of R1C P+U is varia'le according to the Error Correction through AR7 ,no need R1C scheduling sche)e. !+Us are seg)ented CRC chec2, CRC provided '( the ph(sicalconcatenated 'ased on P+U si;e. The data of !eg)entation according to the si;e of the TB4 one P+U )a( source fro) )ulti !+Us onl( if an R1C !+U does not fit entirel( into the +egmentation Concatenation TB then the R1C !+U is seg)ented into varia'le si;ed R1C P+Us, no need padding R1C !+U n nI$ nI& nIB Re-seg)entation of P+Us that need to 'e ... ... retrans)itted4 if a retrans)itted P+U does not fit entirel( into the ne5 TB used for retrans)ission then the R1C P+U is reseg)ented Radio Bearers Concatenation of !+Us for the sa)e radio R 1C header R 1C header 'earer R8.C R8.C P+CP 0n-seAuence deliver( of upper la(er P+Us RLC P-.R1C Structure P+U !ecurit( !ecurit( eDcept at .8 .93 .cknowledge 9ode Protocol error detection and recover( 493 4n>acknowledge RLC La*er 9ode +uplicate +etection !eg) . !eg) . Structure T93 Transparent 9ode R1C ... AR7 etc AR7 etc T63 Transport 6lock !+U discard 0(43 0erBice (ata 4nit Reset P(43 Protocol (ata 4nit 1ogical Channels

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Introduction o) P(CP La7er

Main functions of P-CP La*er'

P-CP P-. Structure'

3unctions for User Plane4 .eader co)pression and deco)pression4 R8.C Transfer of user data4 P+CP receives P+CP !+U fro) the NA! and for5ards it to the R1C la(er and vice versa 0n-seAuence deliver( of upper la(er P+Us at handover for R1C AM +uplicate detection of lo5er la(er !+Us at handover for R1C AM Retrans)ission of P+CP !+Us at handover for R1C AM Ciphering Ti)er-'ased !+U discard in uplin2 3unctions for Control Plane4 Ciphering and 0ntegrit( Protection Transfer of control plane data4 P+CP receives P+CP !+Us fro) RRC and for5ards it to the R1C la(er and vice versa

P+CP P+U and P+CP header are octetaligned P+CP header can 'e either $ or & '(tes long

P+CP header

P+CP !+U P+CP P+U

P-CP P-. Structure

Radio Bearers R8.C P+CP !ecurit( R8.C

P-CP La*er

!ecurit( Structure

!eg) . !eg) . Compression R1C RA8C3 Robust 8eader ... AR7 etc AR7 etc 1ogical Channels

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0ummar7 o) (ata /low in La7er " &,

-ata Transfer in La*er 1 an! La*er 2

+ata fro) the upper la(er are headed and pac2aged, sent to the lo5er la(er, vice versa. !cheduler effect in the R1C, MAC and Ph(sical 1a(ers. User data pac2ages are )ultipleDed in the MAC 1a(er. CRC in Ph(sical 1a(er.

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LTE ;e7 Technolog7 ? A/(9. & 0C> /(9.

8/-M ? 8/-M9

-/T S 8/-M ? SC /-M9

8/-M ,8rthogonal 3reAuenc( +ivision MultipleDingis a )odulation )ultipleDing technolog(, divides the s(ste) 'and5idth into orthogonal su'carriers. CP is inserted 'et5een the 83+M s()'ols to avoid the 0!0. 8/-M9 is the )ulti-access technolog( related 5ith 83+M, is used in the 1TE do5nlin2. 83+MA is the co)'ination of T+MA and 3+MA essentiall(. Advantage4 .igh spectru) utili;ation efficienc( due to orthogonal su'carriers need no protect 'and5idth. !upport freAuenc( lin2 auto adaptation and scheduling. Eas( to co)'ine 5ith M0M8. +isadvantage4 !trict reAuire)ent of ti)e-freAuenc( do)ain s(nchroni;ation. .igh PAPR.

-/T S 8/-M ,+iscrete 3ourier Transfor) !pread 83+M- is the )odulation )ultipleDing technolog( used in the 1TE uplin2, 5hich is si)ilar 5ith 83+M 'ut can release the UE PA li)itation caused '( high PAPR. Each user is assigned part of the s(ste) 'and5idth. SC /-M9 !ingle Carrier 3reAuenc( +ivision Multiple Accessing is the )ulti-access technolog( related 5ith +3T-!-83+M. Advantage4 .igh spectru) utili;ation efficienc( due to orthogonal user 'and5idth need no protect 'and5idth. 1o5 PAPR. The su'carrier assign)ent sche)e includes 1ocali;ed )ode and +istri'uted )ode.

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S*stem "an!wi!

9I9A

-ownlink M%M8

.plink M%M8

M0M8 is supported in 1TE do5nlin2 to achieve spatial )ultipleDing, including single user )ode !U-M0M8 and )ulti user )ode MU-M0M8. 0n order to i)prove M0M8 perfor)ance, pre-coding is used in 'oth !U-M0M8 and MU-M0M8 to control reduce the interference a)ong spatial )ultipleDing data flo5s. The spatial )ultipleDing data flo5s are scheduled to one single user 0n !U-M0M8, to enhance the trans)ission rate and spectru) efficienc(. 0n MUM0M8, the data flo5s are scheduled to )ulti users and the resources are shared 5ithin users. Multi user gain can 'e achieved '( user scheduling in the spatial do)ain.

+ue to UE cost and po5er consu)ption, it is difficult to i)ple)ent the U1 )ulti trans)ission and relative po5er suppl(. Lirtual-M0M8, in 5hich )ulti single antenna UEs are associated to trans)it in the M0M8 )ode. LirtualM0M8 is still under stud(. !cheduler assigns the sa)e resource to )ulti users. Each user trans)its data '( single antenna. !(ste) separates the data '( the specific M0M8 de)odulation sche)e. M0M8 gain and po5er gain ,higher TD po5er in the sa)e ti)e-freA resource- can 'e achieved '( LirtualM0M8. 0nterference of the )ulti user data can 'e controlled '( the scheduler, 5hich also 'ring )ulti user gain.

M5'M"MO

)irtual'M"MO

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0chedule and Link .uto>adaptation

.ser Multiple:ing an! Sche!uling

Link 9uto a!aptation

1arge s(ste) 'and5idth ,$< $: &<M.;- of 1TE 5ill facing the pro'le) of freAuenc( selected fading. The fading characteristic on su'carriers of one user can 'e regarded as sa)e, 'ut different in further su'carriers. !elect 'etter su'carriers for specific user according to the fading characteristic. User diversit( can 'e achieved to increase spectru) efficienc(. The 1TE schedule period is one or )ore TT0. The channel propagation infor)ation is feed 'ac2 to eNodeB through the uplin2. Channel Aualit( identit( is the overheading of s(ste). The less, the 'etter.

1TE support lin2 auto-adaptation in ti)e-do)ain and freAuenc(-do)ain. Modulation sche)e is selected 'ased on the channel Aualit( in ti)e freAuenc(-do)ain. 0n C+MA s(ste), po5er control is one i)portant lin2 auto-adaptation technolog(, 5hich can avoid interference '( far-near effect. 0n 1TE s(ste), user )ultipleDed '( 83+M technolog(. Po5er control is used to reduce the uplin2 interference fro) adKacent cell, to co)pensate path loss. 0t is one t(pe of slo5 lin2 auto-adaptation sche)e.

Channel Propagation Fading

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Cell Inter)erence Control

%C%C %nter Cell %nterference Coor!ination

0C0C is one solution for the cell interference control, is essentiall( a schedule strateg(. 0n 1TE, so)e coordination sche)es, li2e !3R ,!oft 3reAuenc( Reuse- and 33R ,3ractional 3reAuenc( Reuse- can control the interference in cell edges to enhance the freAuenc( reuse factor and perfor)ance in the cell edges.

S/R Solution

!3R is one effective solution of inter-cell interference control. The s(ste) 'and5idth is separated into pri)ar( 'and and secondar( 'and 5ith different trans)it po5er.
The primar* )an! is assigne! to the users in cell e!ge0 The eN" transmit power of the primar* )an! can )e high0 Secon!ar* "an! Secon!ar* "an!

Secon!ar* "an!

Cell 2@2@4 Primar* "an! Cell 1 Primar* "an! Total S*stem "$ The total s*stem )an!wi!th can )e assigne! to the users in cell center0 The eN" transmit power of the secon!ar* )an! shoul! )e re!uce! in or!er to a,oi! the interference to the primar* )an! of neigh)or cells0

Secon!ar* "an!

Cell 3@3@5P Primar* "an!

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Charter 1 LTE Principles Charter 2 LTE Network Planning Charter 3 LTE RNP Solutions

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Charter 1 LTE Principles Charter 2 LTE Network Planning /re>uenc* Planning Co,erage Planning Capacit* Planning Charter 3 LTE RNP Solutions

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/re>uenc* reuse mo!e 1A3A1

9!,antages of 1A3A1

/1 /1 /1

/1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1
!$$$ BT!

M .igh freAuenc( efficienc(, .igh sector

throughput
M +o not need co)pleD scheduling algorith),

/1 /1 /1

/1

s(ste) -isa!,antages of 1A3A1

/1 /1

M Co-freAuenc( interference is hard M 1o5 Cell edge data rate, difficult( for continuous

coverage.

.se! in limit fre>uenc* )an! an! !iscontinuous co,erage scenario

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'

S/R (Soft /re>uenc* Reuse+1A3A1

S/R 1A3A1 with %C%C
M +1 0C0C cell center use & B 'and cell edge

use $ B 'and so, in cell edge, freAuenc( reuse B, different cell edge use different freAuenc(. TD po5er in cell center lo5er than cell edge TD po5er to control interference.
M U1 0C0C cell center use ,&+ band cell

+1 !3R $?B?$

Note4 !$$$ BT!

edge use "&+ band, so, in cell edge, )reCuenc7 reuse +, di))erent cell edge use di))erent )reCuenc7# Cell users in same 6T0 transmit in the odd & eBen )rame scheduling , respectiBel7

S/R 1A3A1 networking merit

M 1o5er do5n interference 5ith 0C0C M .igh 3reAuenc( efficienc(

U1 !3R $?B?$

Note4 !$$$ BT!

<uawei suggest S/R 1B3B1 networking

Page !(

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S/R 1A3A1 Cs //R 1A3A1

33R $?B?$ +1*U1 Similarities
M !eparate '( the )reCuenc7 domain &

time domain )or inter)erence cancellation

D Cell centers use more bandwidth

resources, cell edge use o) about " & + )reCuenc7 bands, !ifference
User in Cell center and cell edge 5ithin the cell separate '( ti)e do)ain different site cell edge separate '( freAuenc( do)ain6

M //R use all the sub>carrier in

!3R$?B?$ +1

!3R$?B?$ U1

cell center, 0/R use ,&+ sub> carriers

D In (L&4L, //R same reuse

mode,, 0/R use di))erent mode

D(L TE Power3 0/R3 cell center is

lower than cell edgeF //R3 cell center is same with cell edge
D 4L )reCuenc7 resource3 //R
+1 cell center decrease TD po5e U1 in cell edge different cell separate in freAuenc( do)ain User in Cell center and cell edge 5ithin the cell separate '( ti)e do)ain

mode, in cell edge, )iEed use "&+ o) the )reCuenc7 bandF In 0/R mode, cell edge use partial band, normall7 near "&+ o) the
Page !1 )reCuenc7#

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/re>uenc* reuse mo!e 1A3A3

9!,antage of 1A3A3

/3 /1 /2 /3 /1 /2 /2 /3 /1 /2 /3

/3 /1 /2 /3 /1 /2 /3 /1 /2
!$$$ BT!

M1o5 co-freAuenc( interference, good coverage M .igh sector throughput

/1

-isa!,antage of 1A3A3
M 1o5 freAuenc( efficienc( M More freAuenc( resource reAuired

.se! in rich fre>uenc* resource an! !iscontinuous fre>uenc* )an! co,erage

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Charter 1 LTE Principles Charter 2 LTE Network Planning /re>uenc* Planning Co,erage Planning Capacit* Planning Charter 3 LTE RNP Solutions

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Link "u!get Proce!ure

%nput -ata Start Calculate .LD-L M9PL

Calculate .L cell ra!ius

Calculate -L cell ra!ius

"alance cell ra!ius Calculate site co,erage area Calculate site num)er En!

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Link "u!get Mo!el' .plink

.plink "u!get
8ther #ain .E 9ntenna #ain Slow fa!ing margin #ain Margin Loss .E Transmit Power "o!* Loss %nterference margin

Penetration Loss

9ntenna #ain

Pa

th Lo ss

Path Loss

Ca)le Loss
Penetration Loss eNo!e" 9ntenna #ain

eNo!e" Ca)le Loss

eNo!e" recei,e sensiti,it*

.E transmit power

eNo!e" recei,e sensiti,it*

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Link "u!get Mo!el' -ownlink

-ownlink "u!get
8ther #ain eNo!e" Transmit Power Ca)le Loss Slow fa!ing margin #ain Margin Loss No!e" 9ntenna #ain %nterference margin

Path Loss

9ntenna #ain

Pa

th Lo ss
Penetration Loss .E recei,e sensiti,it*

Ca)le Loss
Penetration Loss "o!* Loss .E 9ntenna #ain

eNo!e" transmit power

.E recei,e sensiti,it*

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Link "u!get Principle

M M Link )u!get is aim to calculate the cell ra!ius0
Cell radius can 'e calculated '( MAP1 5ith using propagation )odel

Two ke*s factors'

MAP1 Propagation Model
M9PL' MaDi)u) Allo5ed Path 1oss E%RP' Effective 0sotropic Radiated Po5er MSSR' Mini)u) !ignal !trength ReAuired

M9PL ; E%RP Minimum Signal Strength Re>uire!E F#ain FLoss FMargin

E%RP 9 MaD TD Po5er - Ca'le 1oss - Bod( 1oss I Antenna "ain MSSR 9 RD !ensitivit( - Antenna "ain I Ca'le 1oss I Bod( 1oss I 0nterference Margin

Cost231 <ata Mo!el

Total = !0 a2 + U1 3 + */

!0 = (6.3 + 33.9 l*2 f 3 13.82 l*2 + 3) 3 + 2((.9 6.55 l*2 + 3) 33 l*22 3 a 2 + U1 3 = 21.1 l*2 f 3 0.73 + U1 21.56 l*2 f 3 0.83

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9.PL Calculation Process

S*stem parameter

07stem /reCuenc7 6and, 6and width, dupleE mode

E%RP

60 TE Power, .ntenna Gain, /eeder loss

Minimum Recei,er Signal Le,el

ReceiBer sensitiBit7, Noise /igure, (emodulation Threshold, .ntenna gain, )eeder loss, bod7 loss#

S*stem gain@ Margin@ Loss

9I9A Gain, other gain 0hadow /ading 9argin, Inter)erence margin Penetration losss

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CoBerage Planning Comparison LTE&C(9. & i9.G

LTE Protocal de)ined working band is )rom 5$$98HI,#<G8H including C(9. working band but lower than i9.G +#*G8H 6ecause the working band Bar7 largel7, so the radio propagation capabilit7 is di))erent in LTE&C(9.& imaE# LTE and i9.G adopt A/(9. as their access technolog7, )or a single user, through s7stem scheduling, using di))erent No# o) sub>carrier to meet the di))erent coBerage reCuirement# Compare with C(9., C(9. users adJust TE power in "#,,''9 to meet the coBerage reCuirement 9I9A technolog7 is used in LTE & i9.G, di))erent 9I9A mode bring corresponding 9I9A gains, like C(9. 60 receiBing diBersit7 gain, which lower down the demodulation threshold# 9odulation mode :P0; "<:.9 and <-:.9 emplo7ed b7 LTE and imaE, C(9. use :P0; & '>P0; & "<>:.9 di))erent modulation mode related to di))erent data rate and di))erent channel conditions In coBerage planning process, LTE is same with C(9. and imaE# /or the technolog7 di))erence, LTE is similar with imaE, cause the7 all based on A/(9. and 9I9A, the di))erence with C(9. is showed on the ke7 s7stem parameters#

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Charter 1 LTE Principles Charter 2 LTE Network Planning /re>uenc* Planning Co,erage Planning Capacit* Planning Charter 3 LTE RNP Solutions

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Capacity (nalysis Concept

Traffic mo!el anal*sis D re>uirement anal*sis M Traffic mo!el anal*sisDre>uirement anal*sis4 !pecif( custo)er reAuire)ents, e.g. Target users nu)'er, user B. active ratio, service 'earing rate, over'oo2ing, cell edge access rate, average data Single user throughput Configuration anal*sis rateN M M Single user throughput ? No of B. Users 9 Network throughput Network Throughput Configuration 9nal*sis4 3reAuenc( reused )ode, Band5idth, carrier configurations, M0M8 configurations etc. M Num)er of sites M Single site Capacit*4 single site capacit( calculated fro) s(ste) si)ulation after configuration anal(sis Num)er of sites' Net5or2 throughput reAuire)ent !ingle site Capacit(

Single site capacit*

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Capacity Estimation &eali6ation Process

Cell &adius
M 8'tain the cell radius in different scenarios according to the lin2 'udget. M According to the radius, search the si)ulation data ta'le and then o'tain the cell C0NR pro'a'ilit( distri'ution. Currentl(, calculate the C0NR distri'uting ratio 5ith different cell radiuses in different scenarios according to the Matla'le progra) provided '( the RTT lin2 'udget.

+imulation result

M Calculate the cell )ean throughput.

/ormula of calculating the cell mean throughput

C*" Pro%a%ility distri%ution

*ell,4.Thr o0.hp0t = Pi Thro0.hp0t i

i =1

M Pi is the pro'a'ilit( corresponding to C0NR M Throughputi is the throughput calculated on a 'asis of C0NR. According to different C0NRs, search the ta'le to o'tain different )odulation sche)es and then o'tain

Cell mean throughput ratio

the Throughputi in different )odulation sche)es.

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;e7 per)ormance baseline

+cenario Cell &adius 7km8 9 5L edge :;<=>4k%ps ($g# Cell Throughput L*5L 7M%ps8 9>?M@6 0A 4#:-@6 4#>-@6 (A+ $#+I$#-< B??M@6 4#:-@6 4#>-@6 (A+ B??M@6 (ense 4rban $#,"I$#++ $#,<I$#$#<<I"#$" "<#K, & K#5< "'#+K & "$#<" "5#<, & "$#'5 "5#+* & ",#"5

4rban

$#+KI$#*' $#-5I$#5" $#**I$#', "#,$I"#5K "<#K, & K#5< "'#+K & "$#<" "5#<, & "$#'5 "5#+* & ",#"5

0ub4rban "#-5I,#,* "#'I,#5< (%out +F& >.,.>

,#$KI+#, -#<"I5#$< ",#K5 & <#K, "-#"$ & 5#*, "<#', & '#5$ "5#,5 & "$#<5 (pplication +cenarios &emark

0/R "L+L"introduces ICIC scheme Lack o) spectrum 4L3 enhance cell edge rate about "$M, but cell Rural +#"<I-#'+ -#-,I*#K+ -#5'I5#+ K#-'I"-#*" ",#K5throughput & <#K, "-#"$ & 5#*, about "<#', & '#5$ "5#,5 & "$#<5 based on traditional "L+L"# resourceF degrade *M ImproBes the cell edge user throughput with the cost o) cell throughput# Ma.# (cti$e 5ser 7&&CCConnected 5ser8 per cell eR.N "#$ eR.N ,#$ > "<' > +<$ ,$$ <$$ -$$ ",$$ >#;M@6 ,M@6 =M@6 >?*>=*4?M@6

8igh reCuirement o) cell (L 3 enhance cell edge rate about ,$M, but edge user eEperiences# cell throughput degrade about "$M

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Charter 1 LTE Principles Charter 2 LTE Network Planning /re>uenc* Planning Co,erage Planning Capacit* Planning Charter 3 LTE RNP Solutions

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RN(3 LTE (imensioning Tool

&N

tool is +upporting1

Net5or2 di)ensioning in different design t(pes for different application scenarios 0ndependent calculation or inheriting of calculation results a)ong )odules Net5or2 di)ensioning in )ultiple cities and net5or2ing scenarios si)ultaneousl( 0)porting eDporting para)eters and calculation results, and i)porting the para)eters and calculation results into the RNP output te)plate.

RN- is the LTE !imensioning tool !e,elope! )* <uawei

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4>Net3 Pro)essional LTE RNP Tool

Ahat is 5'NetD
5'Net is the professional LTE simulation tool de$eloped %y @uawei# 5'Net is %ased on the a%undant glo%al &NP e.periences#

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4>Net3 Power)ul and 0aBing

Ahat can 5'Net doD

M Network mo!eling'

/unction'
"0! Antenna )odel Net5or2 ele)ent )anage)ent !ervice )odel )anage)ent Propagation )odel tuning * )ngt. Path loss calculation Pol(gon operation Coverage plot generation Point anal(sis Monte Carlo si)ulation PC0 planning Neigh'or list planning 3reAuenc( planning

M Co,erage Pre!iction'

M LTE Specific Planning'

"enefit'

Accurate prediction Eas( operation and friendl( interface !aving .R cost due to higher planning efficienc(. 1o5er technical level reAuire)ent '( Professional functions

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8uawei LTE Enhancement /eatures

Performance 5L * Enhancement Feature
"nterference cancellation IRC &ecei$e di$ersity - receiBing antennas (d$anced scheduling /reCuenc7 domain packet schedule Power Con$ergence - TTIs 6undling 0+ fle.i%ility RR4 installed near the antenna 5L E L 4#=d0 5L >#=<,d0 5L E L ><,d0 5L 4#=d0 5L

L E.pected "mpro$eme nt
><=d0

Comments

The more serious inter)erence condition, the more obBious the IRC gain will be# + d6 in theor7# Considered the co>relate between real antenna, ,#*d6 is the practical gain# ,I+d6 gain when cell edge user throughput N *$$;bps, "I,d6 gain when cell edge user throughput N "9bps 6undle seBeral TTIs together )or a single !oIP packet transmission# Power conBergence# Roo)top site, t7pical cable loss )or 6T0 is +d6, )or RR4 is $#*d6 1Jumper loss2# .ssume there is no T9.#

3!" i)prove)ent
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.Boid Inter)erence
Co-site solution is reco))ended '( .ua5ei
Co site Scenario' M Avoid far-near effect, less interference Non Co site Scenario' M AdKacent freAuenc( interference 5ill 'e )uch higher

-uard %and &e2uirement for Co'e.isting +ystems 7M@68 Co'e.isting +ystems +ystem +tandards
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Co>.ntenna&/eeder .nal7sis

Co'antenna*feeder with 4-*,- system

Co fee!er 9nal*sis

Co antenna 9nal*sis

"enefit'

No )ore antenna installation space

"enefit'

!aving feeder cost .igh feeder loss in &.C".;. ,Ta'le 'elo5<.CF$.<dB loss caused '( additional dipleDers TMAs ,<.BdB dipleDer-, 5hich 'ring negative i)pact on &" B" coverage RRU installed near to antenna Co-feeder is not reco))ended in general scenarios.

Risk'

Additional dipleDers cause insertion loss Can not adKust a;i)uth independentl( #ide 'and or )ulti 'and depends on the freAuenc( spectru)s =-port antenna is reco))ended for supporting independent do5ntilt !a)e electrical specification 5ith original.

Risk'

Suggestion'

Suggestion'

/ee!er loss is 3!" higher in 204#<=

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0eparate .ntenna&/eeder .nal7sis

9!,antage'

Separate antennaDfee!er for LTE

2#D3# LTE

0ndividual net5or2 planning for 1TE4

No additional feeder and connector loss for 1TE6 No negative i)pact to &" B" net5or2.

Convenience and accurac( net5or2 opti)i;ation for 1TE4

0ndividual antenna adKust)ent

-isa!,antage'

ReAuire )ore to5er installation space6 ReAuire higher to5er load.

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T7pical Co>antenna&)eeder 0olutions

LTE LTE LTE

= ports antenna RRU inst. near antenna

= ports antenna Co-feeder

& ports antenna Co-feeder

Risks'
Additional loss '( co-feeder 5ill4 Reduce 11H12G cell radius 0ncrease 24H33G site Auantit(
,&.C".;, B<) @ >HH feeder-

Conclusion'

!elect the Co-antenna feeder solution 'ased on the real situation Need to evaluate and 'alance the 'enefits and ris2s of the solution

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Reuse and 4pgrade Legac7 (.0

Challenges
M .igh freAuenc( ,&.C".;- caused additional feeder and insertion loss. M 1egac( +A! structure is difficult to i)ple)ent M0M8 technolog(. M Upgrade legac( +A! is costl(.

!olution
M .igher trans)it po5er co)pensate feeder and insertion loss. M 3irst !tage4 +1 and U1 !0!8. M NeDt !tage4 +1 and U1 M0M8 5hen )ulti antenna +A! is read(.

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