Tutorial : Effective Stress _____________Soil Mechanics 1. A soil profile consists of a surface layer of sand 7.

7 m thick is overain a layer of 5.5 m thick clay. nit !ei"ht of the clay a#ove the !ater ta#le is 1$.5 k%&m '( !hile #elo! !ater ta#le the void ratio of fully saturated clay and sand is ).5* and ).5) respectively. i. +f the "round !ater ta#le level is ,.5 m #elo! the "round surface( dra! the distri#ution of total( pore !ater and effective stress pressures in the soil. ii. -eavy rain caused the !ater ta#le to increase * m from its initial level. .ra! the ne! distri#ution of total( pore !ater and effective stress pressures in the soil. /0iven: ! 1 2.3 k%&m'( 0S 4sand5 1 *.7)( 0S 4clay5 1 *.7*6. *. A test pit !as du" in a construction site and the profile and phase dia"ram are sho!n in 7i"ure 4a5 and 4#5 #elo!. 7ind the effective stress at the top and #ottom of the clay soil layer: i. At present condition ii. +f pumpin" caused drop of !ater level #y * m from present initial level iii. +f floodin" caused raise of !ater level #y * m from present level. .ry sand( 1 13.$* k%&m'( 0S 1 *.7) ,.5 m '.* m 0?T Saturated sand e 1 ).5* Saturated clay S1 12.$5 k%&m' 0S 1 *.7* 1 8ock stratum 4a5 4#5 '. The plan of a foundation of uniform thickness for a #uildin" is sho!n in fi"ure #elo!. .etermine the vertical stress increase at depth of , m #elo! the centroid. The foundation applies a vertical stress of *)) k9a on the soil surface. /-int: 7ind the centroid of the foundation first6 1).) m e @oid Solid 0S!

*., m

1.) m *.5 m
,. 7or all three cases in 7i"ure #elo!( determine the vertical stress increment at point :( ; and < at ' m #elo! "round surface. : is the centre of all three structures !ith similar !idth and #readth. 0iven that #oth the len"th = and #readth( > is 3 m.

.;
15) k%&m*

.; 15) k%&m* : 1)) k%&m*

: 1)) k%&m
*

: 1)) k%&m* < <

Case 2 Case 3

2m
.< .;

B
Case 1

2m