Political Law Cases

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS Faculty of Civil Law
JURISPRUDENCE ON ADMININSTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW
SU!MITTED !Y# BONTUYAN, Diwa Rafael DE GUZMAN, Aljon DE LEON, Girlie Venus DELOSO, Omar !ZON, "enne#$ %ames &arlo !ZON, "in' %ames &arlo MALANG, (illiam Russel MARANAN, Mai)a Maris MAT!BAG, Mar) %us#in Basil MED!NA, Eil*n +ULLANTE, !ris$ Rosanne S!LVA, %uan "arlo ,-A .a)ul#* of &i/il Law0 SU!MITTED TO# A##*1 Enri2ue Dela &ru3
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW
TA!LE OF CONTENTS
I$
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW A. General Principles B. Quasi-Legislative Powers C. Quasi-Judicial Powers D. Exhaustion o Ad!inistrative "e!edies E. Judicial "eview LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS A. Pu#lic $ ice B. Eligi#ilit%& Quali ications ' Dis(uali ications C. De )acto $ icers D. Co!!ence!ent o $ icial "elations *Appoint!ents+Elections, E. -ext-in-"an. "ule ). /rans er G. "einstate!ent 0. Detail 1. "eassign!ent J. Prohi#itions 2. 3idnight Appoint!ents L. Lia#ilit% o Pu#lic $ icers 3. /enure and /er! o $ ice -. "esignation $. Disciplinar% Action and Preventive 4uspension +1 "ecall ELECTION LAWS A. General Principles B. Part%-List C. A#sentee 5oting D. Certi icate o Candidac% E. Pre-Election "e!edies ). Election Propaganda G. Appreciation o Ballots 0. Canvassing 1. Pre-Procla!ation Controvers% J. Post-Election "e!edies 2. )ailure o Election L. Execution Pending Appeal
II$
III$
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique 2 BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
3. Election $ enses
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
% ADMINISTRATIVE LAW& % I$ '()(*al P*i)ci+l(, E-ECUTIVE SECRETARY AL!ERTO ROMULO et al. v$ SOUT.WIN' .EAVY INDUSTRIES et al. '$R$ No$ &/0&1& 23 F(4*ua*y 233/ EN BANC 5Y)a*(,6Sa)tia7o J$8 /he proscription in the i!portation o used !otor vehicles should #e operative onl% outside the )reeport and the inclusion o said 6one within the a!#it o the prohi#ition is an invalid !odi ication o "A 7887. 1ndeed& when the application o an ad!inistrative issuance !odi ies existing laws or exceeds the intended scope& as in the instant case& the issuance #eco!es void& not onl% or #eing ultra vires& #ut also or #eing unreasona#le. +resi4en# Gloria Ma)a5a'al6Arro*o ,+GMA0, #$rou'$ E7e)u#i/e Se)re#ar* Al8er#o G1 Romulo, issue4 E7e)u#i/e Or4er No1 9:; ,E1O1 9:;0 5ro/i4in' for #$e 5ro$i8i#ion re'ar4in' #$e im5or#a#ion in#o #$e +$ili55ines, in)lusi/e of #$e .ree5or#, of all #*5es of use4 mo#or /e$i)les1 Res5on4en# Sou#$win' ea/* !n4us#ries, !n)1, et al. w$o are mem8ers of #$e Su8i) Ba* .ree5or# En#er5rises en'a'e4 in #$e 8usiness of, amon' o#$ers, im5or#in' an4<or #ra4in' use4 mo#or /e$i)les file4 #$is a)#ion #o see= #$e 4e)lara#ion of #$e un)ons#i#u#ionali#* of Se)1 >191, Ar#1 - of E1O1 9:;1 Alle'e4l*, E1O1 9:; )ons#i#u#es an unlawful usur5a#ion of le'isla#i/e 5ower /es#e4 8* #$e &ons#i#u#ion wi#$ &on'ress1 ISSUE? ($e#$er or no# EO 9:; is un)ons#i#u#ional .ELD# +e#i#ion PARTIALLY 'RANTED1 Police power is inherent in a govern!ent to enact laws& within constitutional li!its& to pro!ote the order& sa et%& health& !orals& and general wel are o societ%. 1t is lodged pri!aril% with the legislature. B% virtue o a valid delegation o legislative power& it !a% also #e exercised #% the President and ad!inistrative #oards& as well as the law!a.ing #odies on all !unicipal levels& including the #aranga%1 Su)$ 4ele'a#ion )onfers u5on #$e +resi4en# 9ua,i6l(7i,lativ( +ow(* w$i)$ ma* 8e 4efine4 as #$e au#$ori#* 4ele'a#e4 8* #$e law6ma=in' 8o4* #o #$e a4minis#ra#i/e 8o4* #o a4o5# rules an4 re'ula#ions in#en4e4 #o )arr* ou# #$e 5ro/isions of #$e law an4 im5lemen# le'isla#i/e 5oli)*1 To 8e /ali4, an a4minis#ra#i/e issuan)e, su)$ as an e7e)u#i/e or4er, mus# )om5l* wi#$ #$e followin' re2uisi#es?
&ase 4i'es# forma# ? UST Law Re/iew S#*le Gui4e Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique ! BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
,90 !#s 5romul'a#ion mus# 8e au#$ori3e4 8* #$e le'isla#ure@ ,-0 !# mus# 8e 5romul'a#e4 in a))or4an)e wi#$ #$e 5res)ri8e4 5ro)e4ure@ ,>0 !# mus# 8e wi#$in #$e s)o5e of #$e au#$ori#* 'i/en 8* #$e le'isla#ure@ an4 ,A0 !# mus# 8e reasona8le1 E1O1 9:; a)#uall* sa#isfie4 #$e fi*,t *(9ui,it( of a /ali4 a4minis#ra#i/e or4er1 !# $as 8o#$ )ons#i#u#ional an4 s#a#u#or* 8ases1 Dele'a#ion of le'isla#i/e 5owers #o #$e +resi4en# is 5ermi##e4 in Se)#ion -B,-0 of Ar#i)le V! of #$e &ons#i#u#ion1 !# 5ro/i4es?
,-0 T$e &on'ress ma*, 8* law, au#$ori3e #$e +resi4en# #o fi7 wi#$in s5e)ifie4 limi#s, an4 su8je)# #o su)$ limi#a#ions an4 res#ri)#ions as i# ma* im5ose, #ariff ra#es, im5or# an4 e75or# 2uo#as, #onna'e an4 w$arfa'e 4ues, an4 o#$er 4u#ies or im5os#s wi#$in #$e framewor= of #$e na#ional 4e/elo5men# 5ro'ram of #$e Go/ernmen#1
Anen# #$e ,(co): *(9ui,it(, #$a# is, #$a# #$e or4er mus# 8e issue4 or 5romul'a#e4 in a))or4an)e wi#$ #$e 5res)ri8e4 5ro)e4ure, i# is ne)essar* #$a# #$e na#ure of #$e a4minis#ra#i/e issuan)e is 5ro5erl* 4e#ermine41 As in #$e ena)#men# of laws, #$e 'eneral rule is #$a#, #$e 5romul'a#ion of a4minis#ra#i/e issuan)es re2uires 5re/ious no#i)e an4 $earin', #$e onl* e7)e5#ion 8ein' w$ere #$e le'isla#ure i#self re2uires i# an4 man4a#es #$a# #$e re'ula#ion s$all 8e 8ase4 on )er#ain fa)#s as 4e#ermine4 a# an a55ro5ria#e in/es#i'a#ion1 T$is e7)e5#ion 5er#ains #o #$e issuan)e of l(7i,lativ( *ul(, as 4is#in'uis$e4 from i)t(*+*(tativ( *ul(, w$i)$ 'i/e no real )onse2uen)e more #$an w$a# #$e law i#self $as alrea4* 5res)ri8e4, an4 are 4esi'ne4 merel* #o 5ro/i4e 'ui4elines #o #$e law w$i)$ #$e a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)* is in )$ar'e of enfor)in'1 A l(7i,lativ( *ul(, on #$e o#$er $an4, is in #$e na#ure of su8or4ina#e le'isla#ion, )raf#e4 #o im5lemen# a 5rimar* le'isla#ion1 E1O1 9:; is o8/iousl* a le'isla#i/e rule as i# see=s #o im5lemen# or e7e)u#e 5rimar* le'isla#i/e ena)#men#s in#en4e4 #o 5ro#e)# #$e 4omes#i) in4us#r* 8* im5osin' a 8an on #$e im5or#a#ion of a s5e)ifie4 5ro4u)# no# 5re/iousl* su8je)# #o su)$ 5ro$i8i#ion1 &onsi4erin' #$e se##le4 5rin)i5le #$a# in #$e a8sen)e of s#ron' e/i4en)e #o #$e )on#rar*, a)#s of #$e o#$er 8ran)$es of #$e 'o/ernmen# are 5resume4 #o 8e /ali41 R1A1 C--C was ena)#e4 5ro/i4in' for, amon' o#$er #$in's, #$e soun4 an4 8alan)e4 )on/ersion of #$e &lar= an4 Su8i) mili#ar* reser/a#ions an4 #$eir e7#ensions in#o al#erna#i/e 5ro4u)#i/e uses in #$e form of S5e)ial E)onomi) an4 .ree5or# Zone, or #$e Su8i) Ba* .ree5or#, in or4er #o 5romo#e #$e e)onomi) an4 so)ial 4e/elo5men# of &en#ral Lu3on in 5ar#i)ular an4 #$e )oun#r* in 'eneral1 T$e Rules an4 Re'ula#ions !m5lemen#in' R1A1 C--C s5e)ifi)all* s#a#es #$a# #$e Su8i) Ba* .ree5or#, referre4 #o as #$e S5e)ial E)onomi) an4 .ree5or# Zone as ;a ,(+a*at( cu,to<, t(**ito*y= T$e .ree5or# was 4esi'ne4 #o ensure free flow or mo/emen# of 'oo4s an4 )a5i#al wi#$in a 5or#ion of #$e +$ili55ine #erri#or* in or4er #o a##ra)# in/es#ors #o in/es# #$eir )a5i#al in a 8usiness )lima#e wi#$ #$e leas# 'o/ernmen#al in#er/en#ion1 T>i, :(li)(at(, t>( activiti(, t>at woul: >av( t>( l(a,t of 7ov(*)<()t i)t(*v()tio) a): t>( *u))i)7 of t>( affai*, of t>( ,+(cial (co)o<ic ?o)( woul: 4( *u) +*i)ci+ally 4y t>( i)v(,to*, t>(<,(lv(, ,i<ila* to a >ou,i)7 ,u4:ivi,io) w>(*( t>( ,u4:ivi,io) ow)(*, (l(ct t>(i* *(+*(,()tativ(, to *u) t>( affai*, of t>( ,u4:ivi,io) to ,(t t>( +olici(, to ,(t t>( 7ui:(li)(,$ T>( Cou*t >(l: t>at t>( i<+o*tatio) 4a) *u), afoul t>( t>i*: *(9ui,it( fo* a vali: a:<i)i,t*ativ( o*:(*$ To 4( vali: a) a:<i)i,t*ativ( i,,ua)c( <u,t )ot 4( ultra vires o* 4(yo): t>( li<it, of t>( aut>o*ity co)f(**(:$ It <u,t )ot ,u++la)t o* <o:ify t>( Co),titutio) it, ()a4li)7 ,tatut( a): ot>(* (@i,ti)7 law, fo* ,uc> i, t>( ,ol( fu)ctio) of t>( l(7i,latu*( w>ic> t>( ot>(* 4*a)c>(, of t>( 7ov(*)<()t ca))ot u,u*+$ As $el4 in 9nited B) 0o!eowner:s Association v. B) 0o!es& 1nc1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique " BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
T$e rule6ma=in' 5ower of a 5u8li) a4minis#ra#i/e 8o4* is a 4ele'a#e4 le'isla#i/e 5ower, w$i)$ i# ma* no# use ei#$er #o a8ri4'e #$e au#$ori#* 'i/en i# 8* &on'ress or #$e &ons#i#u#ion or #o enlar'e i#s 5ower 8e*on4 #$e s)o5e in#en4e41 &ons#i#u#ional an4 s#a#u#or* 5ro/isions )on#rol w$a# rules an4 re'ula#ions ma* 8e 5romul'a#e4 8* su)$ a 8o4*, as well as wi#$ res5e)# #o w$a# fiel4s are su8je)# #o re'ula#ion 8* i#1 !# ma* no# ma=e rules an4 re'ula#ions w$i)$ are in)onsis#en# wi#$ #$e 5ro/isions of #$e &ons#i#u#ion or a s#a#u#e, 5ar#i)ularl* #$e s#a#u#e i# is a4minis#erin' or w$i)$ )rea#e4 i#, or w$i)$ are in 4ero'a#ion of, or 4efea#, #$e 5ur5ose of a s#a#u#e1 !n #$e ins#an# )ase, #$e su8je)# ma##er of #$e laws au#$ori3in' #$e +resi4en# #o re'ula#e or for8i4 im5or#a#ion of use4 mo#or /e$i)les, is #$e :o<(,tic i):u,t*y1 EO 9:;, $owe/er, e7)ee4e4 #$e s)o5e of i#s a55li)a#ion 8* e7#en4in' #$e 5ro$i8i#ion on #$e im5or#a#ion of use4 )ars #o #$e .ree5or#, w$i)$ RA C--C, )onsi4ers #o some e7#en#, a forei'n #erri#or*1 T>( +*o,c*i+tio) i) t>( i<+o*tatio) of u,(: <oto* v(>icl(, ,>oul: 4( o+(*ativ( o)ly out,i:( t>( F*((+o*t a): t>( i)clu,io) of ,ai: ?o)( wit>i) t>( a<4it of t>( +*o>i4itio) i, a) i)vali: <o:ificatio) of RA 1221$ I):((: w>() t>( a++licatio) of a) a:<i)i,t*ativ( i,,ua)c( <o:ifi(, (@i,ti)7 law, o* (@c((:, t>( i)t():(: ,co+( a, i) t>( i),ta)t ca,( t>( i,,ua)c( 4(co<(, voi: )ot o)ly fo* 4(i)7 ultra vires 4ut al,o fo* 4(i)7 u)*(a,o)a4l($ LUPO LUPAN'CO et al. v$ COURT OF APPEALS a): PROFESSIONAL RE'ULATION COMMISSION '$R$ No$ L611A12 2B A+*il &BCC FIRST DIVISION 5'a)cayco J$8 1t is an axio! in ad!inistrative law that ad!inistrative authorities should not act ar#itraril% and capriciousl% in the issuance o rules and regulations. /o #e valid& such rules and regulations !ust #e reasona#le and airl% adapted to secure the end in view. 1 shown to #ear no reasona#le relation to the purposes or which the% are authori6ed to #e issued& then the% !ust #e held to #e invalid. "esolution -o. ;<= is not onl% unreasona#le and ar#itrar%& it also in ringes on the exa!inees> right to li#ert% guaranteed #% the Constitution. "espondent P"C has no authorit% to dictate on the reviewees as to how the% should prepare or the exa!ination. +rofessional Re'ula#ion &ommission ,+R&0 issue4 Resolu#ion No1 9D w$i)$ or4ers #$a# no e7aminee s$all a##en4 an* re/iew )lass, 8riefin', )onferen)e or #$e li=e )on4u)#e4 8*, or s$all re)ei/e an* $an46ou#, re/iew ma#erial, or an* #i5 from an* s)$ool, )olle'e or uni/ersi#*, or an* re/iew )en#er or #$e li=e or an* re/iewer, le)#urer, ins#ru)#or offi)ial or em5lo*ee of an* of #$e aforemen#ione4 or similar ins#i#u#ions 4urin' #$e #$ree 4a*s imme4ia#el* 5re)e4in' e/er* e7amina#ion 4a* in)lu4in' #$e e7amina#ion 4a*1 A44i#ionall*, an* e7aminee /iola#in' #$is ins#ru)#ion s$all 8e su8je)# #o #$e san)#ions1 +e#i#ioners Lu5an')o, e# al1, all re/iewees 5re5arin' #o #a=e #$e li)ensure e7amina#ions in a))oun#an)*, file4 on #$eir own 8e$alf of all o#$ers similarl* si#ua#e4 li=e #$em, wi#$ #$e Re'ional Trial &our# of Manila ,RT&0 #$is )om5lain# for injun)#ion wi#$ a 5ra*er for #$e issuan)e of a wri# of 5reliminar* injun)#ion a'ains# res5on4en# +R& #o res#rain #$e la##er from enfor)in' #$e sai4 resolu#ion an4 #o 4e)lare #$e same un)ons#i#u#ional1 T$e RT& 4e)lare4 #$a# i# $a4 juris4i)#ion #o #r* #$e )ase an4 enjoine4 #$e res5on4en# )ommission from enfor)in' an4 'i/in' effe)# #o Resolu#ion No1 9D: w$i)$ i# foun4 #o 8e un)ons#i#u#ional1 On a55eal, #$e &our# of A55eals 4e)i4e4 #$a# #$e RT& $a4 no juris4i)#ion #o en#er#ain #$e )ase an4 #o enjoin #$e
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique # BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
enfor)emen# of Resolu#ion No1 9D:, s#a#e4 as i#s 8asis i#s )on)lusion #$a# #$e +rofessional Re'ula#ion &ommission an4 #$e Re'ional Trial &our# are )oe2ual 8o4ies1 ISSUE# 91 ($e#$er or no# #$e RT& $as juris4i)#ion o/er resolu#ions of #$e +R& -1 ($e#$er or no# +R& )an lawfull* 5ro$i8i# #$e e7aminees from a##en4in' re/iew )lasses, e#)1 #$ree ,>0 4a*s 8efore #$e 4a#e of e7amina#ion .ELD# 91 +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 -1 +e#i#ion DENIED1 RTC has jurisdiction over the questioned PRC resolutions T$ere is no s5e)ifi) 5ro/ision in +resi4en#ial De)ree No1 --> ,#$e law )rea#in' #$e +rofessional Re'ula#ion &ommission0, #$a# 5ro/i4es #$a# #$e or4ers or resolu#ions of #$e &ommission are a55eala8le ei#$er #o #$e &our# of A55eals or #o #$e Su5reme &our#1 T$e )ase, no#e6wor#$il*, was file4 in or4er #o enjoin #$e enfor)emen# of a resolu#ion +R& is wi#$in #$e 'eneral juris4i)#ion of #$e Re'ional Trial &our#1 ($a# is )lear from +resi4en#ial De)ree No1 --> is #$a# #$e +rofessional Re'ula#ion &ommission is a##a)$e4 #o #$e Offi)e of #$e +resi4en# for 'eneral 4ire)#ion an4 )oor4ina#ion1 !# is well se##le4 in6our juris4i)#ion #$a# #$e a)#s of #$e Offi)e of #$e +resi4en# ma* 8e re/iewe4 8* #$e Re'ional Trial &our#1 The PRC cannot prohibit the examiners T$e &our# 8elie/es #$a# #$e resolu#ion is unreasona8le1 T$e resolu#ion 5ro/i4es #$a# an e7aminee )anno# e/en a##en4 an* re/iew )lass, 8riefin', )onferen)e or #$e li=e, or re)ei/e an* $an46ou#, re/iew ma#erial, or an* #i5 from an* s)$ool, )olle'e or uni/ersi#*, or an* re/iew )en#er or #$e li=e or an* re/iewer, le)#urer, ins#ru)#or, offi)ial or em5lo*ee of an* of #$e aforemen#ione4 or similar ins#i#u#ions1 It i, a) a@io< i) a:<i)i,t*ativ( law t>at a:<i)i,t*ativ( aut>o*iti(, ,>oul: )ot act a*4it*a*ily a): ca+*iciou,ly i) t>( i,,ua)c( of *ul(, a): *(7ulatio),$ To 4( vali: ,uc> *ul(, a): *(7ulatio), <u,t 4( *(a,o)a4l( a): fai*ly a:a+t(: to ,(cu*( t>( (): i) vi(w$ If ,>ow) to 4(a* )o *(a,o)a4l( *(latio) to t>( +u*+o,(, fo* w>ic> t>(y a*( aut>o*i?(: to 4( i,,u(: t>() t>(y <u,t 4( >(l: to 4( i)vali:$ R(,olutio) No$ &3D i, )ot o)ly u)*(a,o)a4l( a): a*4it*a*y it al,o i)f*i)7(, o) t>( (@a<i)((,E *i7>t to li4(*ty 7ua*a)t((: 4y t>( Co),titutio)$ R(,+o):()t PRC >a, )o aut>o*ity to :ictat( o) t>( *(vi(w((, a, to >ow t>(y ,>oul: +*(+a*( fo* t>( (@a<i)atio)$ T$e 5ur5ose of #$e resolu#ion is 5raise6wor#$*, $owe/er, Resolu#ion No1 9D: is no# a 'uaran#ee #$a# #$e alle'e4 lea=a'es in #$e li)ensure e7amina#ions will 8e era4i)a#e4 or a# leas# minimi3e41 Ma=in' #$e e7aminees suffer 8* 4e5ri/in' #$em of le'i#ima#e means of re/iew or 5re5ara#ion on #$ose las# #$ree 5re)ious 4a*s6w$en #$e* s$oul4 8e refres$in' #$emsel/es wi#$ all #$a# #$e* $a/e learne4 in #$e re/iew )lasses an4 5re5arin' #$eir men#al an4 5s*)$olo'i)al ma=e6u5 for #$e e7amina#ion 4a* i#self6woul4 8e li=e u5roo#in' #$e #ree #o 'e# ri4e of a ro##en 8ran)$1 B* all means #$e ri'$# an4 free4om of #$e e7aminees #o a/ail of all le'i#ima#e means #o 5re5are for #$e e7amina#ions s$oul4 no# 8e )ur#aile41
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique $ BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
!IAF6NA6!ATO MININ' CO$ v$ .ON$ ARTURO R$ TANCO 5S(c$ of D(+a*t<()t of A7*icultu*( a): Natu*al R(,ou*c(,8 '$R$ No,$ A02/16/C 2D Ja)ua*y &BB& SECOND DIVISION 5PARAS J$8 As a general rule& under the principles o ad!inistrative law in orce in this ?urisdiction& decisions o ad!inistrative o icers shall not #e distur#ed #% the courts& except when the or!er have acted without or in excess o their ?urisdiction& or with grave a#use o discretion. )indings o ad!inistrative o icials and agencies who have ac(uired expertise #ecause their ?urisdiction is con ined to speci ic !atters are generall% accorded not onl% respect #ut at ti!es even inalit% i such indings are supported #% su#stantial evidence and are controlling on the reviewing authorities %ose Mol4ero, Sa#urnino Mol4ero, Mi'uel Mol4ero an4 Manuel Diri'e, a55eare4 #o $a/e lo)a#e4 9CD minin' )laims in $in#erlan4s of #$e &or4illera Moun#ains1 T$e lan4 )o/ere4 8* #$e minin' )laims is a4ja)en# an4 surroun4s #$e minin' 5ro5er#ies of Ba#on' Bu$a* Gol4 Mines, !n)1 T$e sai4 9CD minin' )laims were 4i/i4e4 in#o four ,A0 'rou5s? 91 NAGASAT Grou5 wi#$ A- )laims@ -1 MUGAO Grou5 wi#$ AD )laims >1 LU&"Y STR!"E Grou5 wi#$ AD )laims@ an4 A1 BUMABAG Grou5 wi#$ AB )laims Se/eral #ransa)#ions were e7e)u#e4 8* Bala#o)6Lu8ua'an Mines Asso)ia#ion an4 Moun#ain Mines, !n)1 !n sai4 #ransa)#ions #$e #wo )or5ora#ions a)2uire4 #$e 4ifferen# minin' )laims 8elon'in' #o #$e four 'rou5s, NAGASAT, MUGAO, LU&"Y STR!"E an4 BUMABAG1 Meanw$ile, Bala#o)Lu8ua'an Mines, !n)1 an4 Moun#ain Mines, !n)1 en'a'e4 #$e ser/i)es of Minin' En'ineers #o e75lore an4 4e/elo5 #$e minin' area@ for i#s 5re6war e75lora#ion an4 4e/elo5men#1 Af#er #$e war, Bala#o) Lu8ua'an Mines, !n)1 an4 Moun#ain Mines, !n)1 re)ons#i#u#e4 #$eir )or5ora#e re)or4s 8efore #$e Se)uri#ies an4 E7)$an'e &ommission1 T$e re)ons#i#u#ion 5ro)ee4in's file4 8* Bala#o) Lu8ua'an Mines, !n)1 o/er A- lo4e )laims =nown as Na'asa# Grou5 an4 AD lo4e )laims =nown as Mu'ao Minin' Grou51 T$e Bureau of Mines af#er 4ue $earin' an4 no#i)e issue4 #$e )orres5on4in' or4ers of re)ons#i#u#ion an4 BB minin' )laims of Moun#ain Mines, !n)1 an4 B- minin' )laims of Bala#o)6Lu8ua'an Mines, !n)1 )laim ma5s, lis#s of minin' )laims, o5#ion a'reemen#, 4ee4s of sale, 5ower of a##orne* an4 o#$er 4o)umen#s were re)ons#i#u#e41 Bernar4o Ar4ien#e, Emilio +eral#a, Mario Villari)a, Anas#a)io &anao an4 Sal/a4or Ellone lo)a#e4 se/eral )laims )o/erin' a wi4e area of /a)an#, uno))u5ie4 an4 un)laime4 lan4 of #$e 5u8li) mineral lan4s1 T$e lan4 )o/erin' #$e minin' )laims is a4ja)en# #o #$e 5a#en#a8le minin' 5ro5er#ies of #$e Ba#on' Bu$a* Gol4 Mines, !n)1 Bia=6na6Ba#o Minin' &o1 was )rea#e4 as a 5ar#ners$i5 in a))or4an)e wi#$ law1 T$e a8o/ename4 lo)a#ors ea)$ e7e)u#e4 a Deed o /rans er o 3ining "ights assi'nin', #ransferrin' an4 )on/e*in' #o #$e 5e#i#ioner #$e minin' )laims )o/ere4 8* #$e aforesai4 4e)lara#ions of lo)a#ion1 Su8se2uen#l*, Bia=6Na6Ba#o Minin' &o1 file4 wi#$ #$e Bureau of Mines #$e a55li)a#ion for lease an4 a 5e#i#ion for an or4er of lease sur/e* of #$e aforemen#ione4 minin' )laims1 owe/er, i# re)ei/e4 a no#i)e of #$e le##er of #$e Dire)#or of Mines refusin' #o issue #$e or4er of lease sur/e* 8e)ause #$e areas
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique % BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
)o/ere4 8* #$e minin' )laims were alle'e4l* in )onfli)# wi#$ #$e four ,A0 'rou5s of minin' )laims 5ur5or#e4l* owne4 8* #$e Bala#o)6Lu8ua'an Mines, !n)1 an4 Moun#ain mines, !n)1 Bia=6Na6Ba#o Minin' &om5an* file4 i#s se5ara#e 5ro#es# wi#$ #$e Bureau of Mines 2ues#ionin' #$e re)ons#i#u#ion 5ro)ee4in's an4 )laimin' #$a# #$e #wo ,-0 4ee4s of sale o/er #$e BB lo4e )laims in fa/or of Moun#ain Mines, !n)1 an4 #$e o#$er #wo ,-0 4ee4s of sale o/er :- lo4e )laims of Bala#o)6Lu8ua'an Mines, !n)1 were fa=e, fi)#i#ious or manufa)#ure41 T$e Dire)#or of Mines 5romul'a#e4 a 4e)ision a'ains# Bia=6Na6Ba#o Minin' &om5an*1 Alle'e4l*, #$e Bala#o)6Lu8ua'an Mines, !n)1 an4 Moun#ain Mines, !n)1, $a/e a 8e##er ri'$# #o #$e 9CD minin' )laims of a8ou# 9,:-D $e)#ares lo)a#e4 a# #$e &or4illera Moun#ains1 T$e Se)re#ar* of A'ri)ul#ure an4 Na#ural Resour)es affirme4 #$e 4e)ision of #$e Dire)#or of Mines1 1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e 4e)ision of #$e Dire)#or of Mines s$oul4 8e a))or4e4 wi#$ res5e)# an4 finali#* .ELD# +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 A, a 7()(*al *ul( u):(* t>( +*i)ci+l(, of a:<i)i,t*ativ( law i) fo*c( i) t>i, Gu*i,:ictio) :(ci,io), of a:<i)i,t*ativ( offic(*, ,>all )ot 4( :i,tu*4(: 4y t>( cou*t, (@c(+t w>() t>( fo*<(* >av( act(: wit>out o* i) (@c(,, of t>(i* Gu*i,:ictio) o* wit> 7*av( a4u,( of :i,c*(tio)$ Fi):i)7, of a:<i)i,t*ativ( official, a): a7()ci(, w>o >av( ac9ui*(: (@+(*ti,( 4(cau,( t>(i* Gu*i,:ictio) i, co)fi)(: to ,+(cific <att(*, a*( 7()(*ally acco*:(: )ot o)ly *(,+(ct 4ut at ti<(, (v() fi)ality if ,uc> fi):i)7, a*( ,u++o*t(: 4y ,u4,ta)tial (vi:()c( a): a*( co)t*olli)7 o) t>( *(vi(wi)7 aut>o*iti(, 4(cau,( of t>(i* acH)owl(:7(: (@+(*ti,( i) t>( fi(l:, of ,+(ciali?atio) to w>ic> t>(y a*( a,,i7)(:$ E/en #$e )our#s of jus#i)e, in)lu4in' #$is &our#, are 8oun4 8* su)$ fin4in's in #$e a8sen)e of a )lear s$owin' of a 'ra/e a8use of 4is)re#ion, w$i)$ is no# 5resen# in #$is )ase a# 8ar1 T$ere is no 2ues#ion #$a# #$e 4e)ision of #$e Dire)#or of Mines as affirme4 8* #$e Se)re#ar* of A'ri)ul#ure an4 Na#ural Resour)es is su8s#an#iall* su55or#e4 8* e/i4en)e1 Su8s#an#ial e/i4en)e $as 8een 4efine4 or )ons#rue4 #o mean no# ne)essaril* 5re5on4eran# 5roof as re2uire4 in or4inar* )i/il )ases 8u# su)$ =in4 of rele/an# e/i4en)e as a reasona8le min4 mi'$# a))e5# as a4e2ua#e #o su55or# a )on)lusion1 EURO6MED LA!ORATORIES P.IL$ v$ PROVINCE OF !ATAN'AS 5*(+*(,()t(: 4y it, 'ov(*)o* .ON$ .ERMILANDO I$ MANDANAS8 '$R$ No$ &0C&3/ &1 July 233/ SECOND DIVISION 5CORONA J$8 /he doctrine o pri!ar% ?urisdiction holds that i a case is such that its deter!ination re(uires the expertise& speciali6ed training and .nowledge o an ad!inistrative #od%& relie !ust irst #e o#tained in an ad!inistrative proceeding #e ore resort to the courts is had even i the !atter !a% T$e +ro/in)e of Ba#an'as #$rou'$ i#s /arious au#$ori3e4 re5resen#a#i/es of #$e 'o/ernmen# $os5i#als, 5ur)$ase4 /arious !n#ra/enous .lui4s ,!V.0 5ro4u)#s from Euro6Me4 La8ora#ories1 T$e 5ro/in)e $as an un5ai4 8alan)e of +ABC,;;-1BD1 T$e 5ur)$ases were e/i4en)e4 8* in/oi)es 4ul* re)ei/e4 an4 si'ne4 8* 4efen4an#Es au#$ori3e4 re5resen#a#i/es, u5on 4eli/er* of #$e mer)$an4ise lis#e4 in sai4 in/oi)es1 Un4er #$e #erms an4 )on4i#ions of #$e aforesai4 in/oi)es, #$e +ro/in)e of Ba#an'as a'ree4 an4
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique & BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
)o/enan#e4 #o 5a* Euro6Me4, wi#$ou# nee4 of 4eman4, i#s o8li'a#ions in #$e a8o/e6enumera#e4 in/oi)es on /arious #erms in4i)a#e4 #$erein1 Euro6Me4 ma4e se/eral 4eman4s for #$e 5ro/in)e #o 5a* i#s a))oun#a8ili#ies, in)lu4in' se##in' u5 se/eral 4ialo'ues wi#$ #$e 5ro/in)eEs re5resen#a#i/es, 8u# #$ese 5ro/e4 frui#less1 Des5i#e re5ea#e4 4eman4s, #$e 5ro/in)e $as faile4 an4 s#ill fails #o )om5l* #$erewi#$1 A )om5lain# was )onse2uen#l* file4 8* Euro6Me41 On #$e o#$er $an4, #$e 5ro/in)e alle'e4 #$a# some 5a*men#s i# $a4 alrea4* ma4e1 +ro/in)e of Ba#an'as mo/e4 for #$e 4ismissal of #$e )om5lain# on #$e 'roun4 #$a# #$e 5rimar* juris4i)#ion o/er 5e#i#ionerEs mone* )laim was lo4'e4 wi#$ #$e &ommission on Au4i# ,&OA01 T$e RT& 4ismisse4 #$e )ase1 !SSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e &ommission on Au4i# $as 5rimar* juris4i)#ion #o #$e )ase .ELD# +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 T>( :oct*i)( of +*i<a*y Gu*i,:ictio) >ol:, t>at if a ca,( i, ,uc> t>at it, :(t(*<i)atio) *(9ui*(, t>( (@+(*ti,( ,+(ciali?(: t*ai)i)7 a): H)owl(:7( of a) a:<i)i,t*ativ( 4o:y *(li(f <u,t fi*,t 4( o4tai)(: i) a) a:<i)i,t*ativ( +*oc((:i)7 4(fo*( *(,o*t to t>( cou*t, i, >a: (v() if t>( <att(* <ay w(ll 4( wit>i) t>(i* +*o+(* Gu*i,:ictio)$ !# a55lies w$ere a )laim is ori'inall* )o'ni3a8le in #$e )our#s an4 )omes in#o 5la* w$ene/er enfor)emen# of #$e )laim re2uires #$e resolu#ion of issues w$i)$, un4er a re'ula#or* s)$eme, $a/e 8een 5la)e4 wi#$in #$e s5e)ial )om5e#en)e of an a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)*1 !n su)$ a )ase, #$e )our# in w$i)$ #$e )laim is sou'$# #o 8e enfor)e4 ma* sus5en4 #$e ju4i)ial 5ro)ess 5en4in' referral of su)$ issues #o #$e a4minis#ra#i/e 8o4* for i#s /iew or, if #$e 5ar#ies woul4 no# 8e unfairl* 4isa4/an#a'e4, 4ismiss #$e )ase wi#$ou# 5reju4i)e1 T$is )ase is one o/er w$i)$ #$e 4o)#rine of 5rimar* juris4i)#ion )learl* $el4 swa* for al#$ou'$ 5e#i#ionerEs )olle)#ion sui# for +ABC,;;-1BD was wi#$in #$e juris4i)#ion of #$e RT&, #$e )ir)ums#an)es surroun4in' 5e#i#ionerEs )laim 8rou'$# i# )learl* wi#$in #$e am8i# of #$e &OAEs juris4i)#ion1 Euro6Me4Es mone* )laim was foun4e4 on a series of 5ur)$ases for #$e me4i)al su55lies of res5on4en#Es 5u8li) $os5i#als1 Bo#$ 5ar#ies a'ree4 #$a# #$ese #ransa)#ions were 'o/erne4 8* #$e Lo)al Go/ernmen# &o4e 5ro/isions on su55l* an4 5ro5er#* mana'emen# an4 #$eir im5lemen#in' rules an4 re'ula#ions 5romul'a#e4 8* #$e &OA 5ursuan# #o Se)#ion >B> of sai4 &o4e1 +e#i#ionerEs )laim #$erefore in/ol/e4 )om5lian)e wi#$ a55li)a8le au4i#in' laws an4 rules on 5ro)uremen#1 Su)$ ma##ers are no# wi#$in #$e usual area of =nowle4'e, e75erien)e an4 e75er#ise of mos# ju4'es 8u# wi#$in #$e s5e)ial )om5e#en)e of &OA au4i#ors an4 a))oun#an#s1 en)e, i# was 8u# 5ro5er, ou# of fi4eli#* #o #$e 4o)#rine of 5rimar* juris4i)#ion, for #$e RT& #o 4ismiss 5e#i#ionerEs )om5lain#1 LOUIS I!AROF= C$ !IRAO'O v. T.E P.ILIPPINE TRUT. COMMISSION OF 23&3 '$R$ No,$ &B2BAD 31 D(c(<4(* 23&3 EN BANC 5M():o?a J.8 /he Chie Executive:s power to create the Ad hoc 1nvestigating Co!!ittee cannot #e dou#ted. 0aving #een constitutionall% granted ull control o the Executive Depart!ent& to which respondents #elong& the President has the o#ligation to ensure that all executive o icials and Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique e!plo%ees aith Dela Cruz ' ull% co!pl% with the law. BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, E(ual protection clause does not re(uire the universal application o the laws MEDINA, to all PULLANTE, SILVA persons or things without distinction. 1ndeed& the e(ual protection clause per!its classi ication. 4uch classi ication& however& to #e valid !ust pass the test o reasonableness. /he test has our re(uisites@ *;, /he classi ication rests on su#stantial distinctionsA *8, 1t is ger!ane to the purpose
On %ul* >D, -D9D, +resi4en# Beni'no Simeon A2uino !!! si'ne4 E7e)u#i/e Or4er No1 9 ,E1O1 No1 90 es#a8lis$in' #$e +$ili55ine Tru#$ &ommission of -D9D ,+T&01 +T& is a mere ad hoc 8o4* forme4 un4er #$e Offi)e of #$e +resi4en# wi#$ #$e 5rimar* #as= #o in/es#i'a#e re5or#s of 'raf# an4 )orru5#ion )ommi##e4 8* #$ir46le/el 5u8li) offi)ers an4 em5lo*ees, #$eir )o65rin)i5als, a))om5li)es an4 a))essories 4urin' #$e 5re/ious a4minis#ra#ion, an4 #$ereaf#er #o su8mi# i#s fin4in' an4 re)ommen4a#ions #o #$e +resi4en#, &on'ress an4 #$e Om8u4sman1 +T& is no#, $owe/er, a 2uasi6ju4i)ial 8o4* as i# )anno# a4ju4i)a#e, ar8i#ra#e, resol/e, se##le, or ren4er awar4s in 4is5u#es 8e#ween )on#en4in' 5ar#ies1 All +T& )an 4o is 'a#$er, )olle)# an4 assess e/i4en)e of 'raf# an4 )orru5#ion an4 ma=e re)ommen4a#ions1 !# ma* $a/e su85oena 5owers 8u# i# $as no 5ower #o )i#e 5eo5le in )on#em5#, mu)$ less or4er #$eir arres#1 Nee4less #o s#a#e, i# )anno# im5ose )riminal, )i/il or a4minis#ra#i/e 5enal#ies or san)#ions Barel* a mon#$ af#er #$e issuan)e of E1O1 No1 9, #$e 5e#i#ioners as=e4 #$e &our# #o 4e)lare i# un)ons#i#u#ional an4 #o enjoin #$e +T& from 5erformin' i#s fun)#ions1 ISSUES# 91 ($e#$er or no# E1O1 No1 9 /iola#es #$e 5rin)i5le of se5ara#ion of 5owers -1 ($e#$er or no# E1O1 No1 9 /iola#es #$e e2ual 5ro#e)#ion )lause .ELD# 91 +e#i#ion DENIED1 -1 +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 E.!. No." does not violate the Principle o# $eparation o# Po%ers T$e allo)a#ion of 5ower in #$e #$ree 5rin)i5al 8ran)$es of 'o/ernmen# is a 'ran# of all 5owers in$eren# in #$em1 T$e +resi4en#Es 5ower #o )on4u)# in/es#i'a#ions #o ai4 $im in ensurin' #$e fai#$ful e7e)u#ion of laws F in #$is )ase, fun4amen#al laws on 5u8li) a))oun#a8ili#* an4 #rans5aren)* F is in$eren# in #$e +resi4en#Es 5owers as #$e &$ief E7e)u#i/e1 T$a# #$e au#$ori#* of #$e +resi4en# #o )on4u)# in/es#i'a#ions an4 #o )rea#e 8o4ies #o e7e)u#e #$is 5ower is no# e75li)i#l* men#ione4 in #$e &ons#i#u#ion or in s#a#u#es 4oes no# mean #$a# $e is 8eref# of su)$ au#$ori#*1 !n4ee4, #$e E7e)u#i/e is 'i/en mu)$ leewa* in ensurin' #$a# our laws are fai#$full* e7e)u#e41 T$e 5owers of #$e +resi4en# are no# limi#e4 #o #$ose s5e)ifi) 5owers un4er #$e &ons#i#u#ion1 One of #$e re)o'ni3e4 5owers of #$e +resi4en# 'ran#e4 5ursuan# #o #$is )ons#i#u#ionall*6man4a#e4 4u#* is #$e 5ower #o )rea#e ad hoc )ommi##ees1 T$e &$ief E7e)u#i/eEs 5ower #o )rea#e #$e Ad hoc !n/es#i'a#in' &ommi##ee )anno# 8e 4ou8#e41 a/in' 8een )ons#i#u#ionall* 'ran#e4 full )on#rol of #$e E7e)u#i/e De5ar#men#, #o w$i)$ res5on4en#s 8elon', #$e +resi4en# $as #$e o8li'a#ion #o ensure #$a# all e7e)u#i/e offi)ials an4 em5lo*ees fai#$full* )om5l* wi#$ #$e law1 There is a violation o# the Principle o# Equal Protection o# &a%
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique Dela Cruz BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA
T$e &our# fin4s 4iffi)ul#* in u5$ol4in' #$e )ons#i#u#ionali#* of E7e)u#i/e Or4er No1 9 in /iew of i#s a55aren# #rans'ression of #$e e2ual 5ro#e)#ion )lause ens$rine4 in Se)#ion 9, Ar#i)le !!! ,Bill of Ri'$#s0 of #$e 9GBC &ons#i#u#ion1 One of #$e 8asi) 5rin)i5les on w$i)$ #$is 'o/ernmen# was foun4e4 is #$a# of #$e e2uali#* of ri'$# w$i)$ is em8o4ie4 in Se)#ion 9, Ar#i)le !!! of #$e 9GBC &ons#i#u#ion1 T$e e2ual 5ro#e)#ion of #$e laws is em8ra)e4 in #$e )on)e5# of 4ue 5ro)ess, as e/er* unfair 4is)rimina#ion offen4s #$e re2uiremen#s of jus#i)e an4 fair 5la*1 A))or4in' #o a lon' line of 4e)isions, e2ual 5ro#e)#ion sim5l* re2uires #$a# all 5ersons or #$in's similarl* si#ua#e4 s$oul4 8e #rea#e4 ali=e, 8o#$ as #o ri'$#s )onferre4 an4 res5onsi8ili#ies im5ose41 !# re2uires 5u8li) 8o4ies an4 ins#i#u#ions #o #rea# similarl* si#ua#e4 in4i/i4uals in a similar manner1 !n o#$er wor4s, #$e )on)e5# of e2ual jus#i)e un4er #$e law re2uires #$e s#a#e #o 'o/ern im5ar#iall*, an4 i# ma* no# 4raw 4is#in)#ions 8e#ween in4i/i4uals solel* on 4ifferen)es #$a# are irrele/an# #o a le'i#ima#e 'o/ernmen#al o8je)#i/e1 owe/er, #$e e2ual 5ro#e)#ion )lause 4oes no# re2uire #$e uni/ersal a55li)a#ion of #$e laws #o all 5ersons or #$in's wi#$ou# 4is#in)#ion1 ($a# i# sim5l* re2uires is e2uali#* amon' e2uals as 4e#ermine4 a))or4in' #o a /ali4 )lassifi)a#ion1 !n4ee4, #$e e2ual 5ro#e)#ion )lause 5ermi#s )lassifi)a#ion1 Su)$ )lassifi)a#ion, $owe/er, #o 8e /ali4 mus# 5ass #$e #es# of reasonableness. T$e #es# $as four re2uisi#es? ,90 T$e )lassifi)a#ion res#s on su8s#an#ial 4is#in)#ions@ ,-0 !# is 'ermane #o #$e 5ur5ose of #$e law@ ,>0 !# is no# limi#e4 #o e7is#in' )on4i#ions onl*@ an4 A0 !# a55lies e2uall* #o all mem8ers of #$e same )lass1 HSu5erfi)ial 4ifferen)es 4o no# ma=e for a /ali4 )lassifi)a#ion1I A55l*in' #$ese 5re)e5#s #o #$is )ase, E1O1 No1 9 s$oul4 8e s#ru)= 4own as /iola#i/e of #$e e2ual 5ro#e)#ion )lause1 T$e )lear man4a#e of #$e en/isione4 #ru#$ )ommission is #o in/es#i'a#e an4 fin4 ou# #$e #ru#$ H)on)ernin' #$e re5or#e4 )ases of 'raf# an4 )orru5#ion 4urin' #$e 5re/ious a4minis#ra#ionI onl*1 T$e in#en# #o sin'le ou# #$e 5re/ious a4minis#ra#ion is 5lain, 5a#en# an4 manifes#1 !n #$is re'ar4, i# mus# 8e 8orne in min4 #$a# #$e Arro*o a4minis#ra#ion is 8u# jus# a mem8er of a )lass, #$a# is, a )lass of 5as# a4minis#ra#ions1 !# is no# a )lass of i#s own1 No# #o in)lu4e 5as# a4minis#ra#ions similarl* si#ua#e4 )ons#i#u#es ar8i#rariness w$i)$ #$e e2ual 5ro#e)#ion )lause )anno# san)#ion1 Su)$ 4is)rimina#in' 4ifferen#ia#ion )learl* re/er8era#es #o la8el #$e )ommission as a /e$i)le for /in4i)#i/eness an4 sele)#i/e re#ri8u#ion1 T$ou'$ #$e OSG enumera#es se/eral 4ifferen)es 8e#ween #$e Arro*o a4minis#ra#ion an4 o#$er 5as# a4minis#ra#ions, #$ese 4is#in)#ions are no# su8s#an#ial enou'$ #o meri# #$e res#ri)#ion of #$e in/es#i'a#ion #o #$e H5re/ious a4minis#ra#ionI onl*1 T$e re5or#s of wi4es5rea4 )orru5#ion in #$e Arro*o a4minis#ra#ion )anno# 8e #a=en as 8asis for 4is#in'uis$in' sai4 a4minis#ra#ion from earlier a4minis#ra#ions w$i)$ were also 8lemis$e4 8* similar wi4es5rea4 re5or#s of im5ro5rie#*1 T$e* are no# in$eren# in, an4 4o no# inure solel* #o, #$e Arro*o a4minis#ra#ion1 Gi/en #$e fore'oin' 5$*si)al an4 le'al im5ossi8ili#*, #$e &our# lo'i)all* re)o'ni3es #$e unfeasi8ili#* of in/es#i'a#in' almos# a )en#ur*Es wor#$ of 'raf# )ases1 owe/er, #$e fa)# remains #$a# E7e)u#i/e Or4er No1 9 suffers from ar8i#rar* )lassifi)a#ion1 T$e +T&, #o 8e #rue #o i#s man4a#e of sear)$in' for #$e #ru#$, mus# no# e7)lu4e #$e o#$er 5as# a4minis#ra#ions1 T$e +T& mus#, a# leas#, $a/e #$e au#$ori#* #o in/es#i'a#e all 5as# a4minis#ra#ions1 ($ile reasona8le 5riori#i3a#ion is 5ermi##e4, i# s$oul4 no# 8e ar8i#rar* les# i# 8e s#ru)= 4own for 8ein' un)ons#i#u#ional1 T$e &our# is no# )on/in)e4 #$a# al#$ou'$ Se)#ion 9C allows #$e +resi4en# #$e 4is)re#ion #o e75an4 #$e s)o5e of in/es#i'a#ions of #$e +T& so as #o in)lu4e #$e a)#s of 'raf# an4 )orru5#ion )ommi##e4 in o#$er 5as# a4minis#ra#ions sin)e i# 4oes no# 'uaran#ee #$a# #$e* woul4 8e )o/ere4 in #$e fu#ure1 Su)$ e75an4e4 man4a#e of #$e )ommission will s#ill 4e5en4 on #$e w$im an4 )a5ri)e of #$e +resi4en#1 !f $e woul4 4e)i4e no# #o in)lu4e #$em, #$e se)#ion woul4 #$en 8e meanin'less1 MANILA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUT.ORITY v. COURT OF APPEALS et al. '$R$ No$ &DD/D3 23 July 233/ EN BANC 5Ca*+io J.8 Bhen the law vests in a govern!ent instru!entalit% corporate powers& the instru!entalit% Based on the is Outline of Casesas of Atty. Enrique does not #eco!e a corporation. 9nless the govern!ent instru!entalit% organi6ed a stoc. or Dela Cruz 2 non-stoc. corporation& it re!ains a DELOSO, govern!ent instru!entalit% exercising not onl% govern!ental BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, #ut alsoSILVA corporate powers. 31AA is not a G$CC #ut an Cinstru!entalit%D o the -ational Govern!ent& thus& its properties which are owned #% the "epu#lic are exe!pt ro! "eal Estate tax.
Manila !n#erna#ional Air5or# Au#$ori#* ,M!AA0 o5era#es #$e Nino* A2uino !n#erna#ional Air5or# ,NA!A0 &om5le7 in +araJa2ue &i#* un4er E7e)u#i/e Or4er No1 GD> ,KM!AA &$ar#erK01 T$e Offi)e of #$e Go/ernmen# &or5ora#e &ounsel ,OG&&0 o5ine4 #$a# #$e Lo)al Go/ernmen# &o4e of 9GG9 wi#$4rew #$e e7em5#ion from real es#a#e #a7 'ran#e4 #o M!AA un4er Se)#ion -9 of #$e M!AA &$ar#er1 T$us, M!AA ne'o#ia#e4 wi#$ #$e &i#* of +araJa2ue #o 5a* #$e real es#a#e #a7 im5ose4 8* #$e &i#*1 M!AA #$en 5ai4 some of #$e real es#a#e #a7 alrea4* 4ue1 T$e &i#* Treasurer issue4 no#i)es of le/* an4 warran#s of le/* on #$e Air5or# Lan4s an4 Buil4in's1 T$e Ma*or of #$e &i#* of +araJa2ue #$rea#ene4 #o sell a# 5u8li) au)#ion #$e Air5or# Lan4s an4 Buil4in's in #$e e/en# M!AA fail #o 5a* #$e real es#a#e #a7 4elin2uen)*1 M!AA sai4 #$a# i# )anno# )laim owners$i5 o/er #$ese 5ro5er#ies sin)e #$e real owner of #$e Air5or# Lan4s an4 Buil4in's is #$e Re5u8li) of #$e +$ili55ines1 Sin)e #$e Air5or# Lan4s an4 Buil4in's are 4e/o#e4 #o 5u8li) use an4 5u8li) ser/i)e, #$e owners$i5 of #$ese 5ro5er#ies remains wi#$ #$e S#a#e an4 #$a# Se)#ion -9 of #$e M!AA &$ar#er s5e)ifi)all* e7em5#s M!AA from #$e 5a*men# of real es#a#e #a71 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# M!AAEs air5or# lan4s an4 8uil4in's are e7em5# from real es#a#e #a7 .ELD# +e#i#ion 'RANTED$ M!AA is no# a 'o/ernmen#6owne4 or )on#rolle4 )or5ora#ion 8u# an ins#rumen#ali#* of #$e Na#ional Go/ernmen# an4 #$us e7em5# from lo)al #a7a#ion1 Moreo/er, #$e real 5ro5er#ies of M!AA are owne4 8* #$e Re5u8li) of #$e +$ili55ines an4 #$us e7em5# from real es#a#e #a71 Se)#ion -,9>0 of #$e !n#ro4u)#or* +ro/isions of #$e A4minis#ra#i/e &o4e of 9GBC 4efines a 'o/ernmen#6owne4 or )on#rolle4 ,GO&&0 )or5ora#ion as an* a'en)* or'ani3e4 as a s#o)= or non6s#o)= )or5ora#ion, /es#e4 wi#$ fun)#ions rela#in' #o 5u8li) nee4s w$e#$er 'o/ernmen#al or 5ro5rie#ar* in na#ure, an4 owne4 8* #$e Go/ernmen# 4ire)#l* or #$rou'$ i#s ins#rumen#ali#ies ei#$er w$oll*, or, w$ere a55li)a8le as in #$e )ase of s#o)= )or5ora#ions, #o #$e e7#en# of a# leas# fif#*6one ,:90 5er)en# of i#s )a5i#al s#o)=1 M!AA is no# or'ani3e4 as a s#o)= or non6s#o)= )or5ora#ion1 M!AA is no# a s#o)= )or5ora#ion 8e)ause i# $as no )a5i#al s#o)= 4i/i4e4 in#o s$ares1 M!AA $as no s#o)=$ol4ers or /o#in' s$ares1 T$us, M!AA is a 'o/ernmen# ins#rumen#ali#* /es#e4 wi#$ )or5ora#e 5owers #o 5erform effi)ien#l* i#s 'o/ernmen#al fun)#ions1 W>() t>( law v(,t, i) a 7ov(*)<()t i),t*u<()tality co*+o*at( +ow(*, t>( i),t*u<()tality :o(, )ot 4(co<( a co*+o*atio)$ U)l(,, t>( 7ov(*)<()t i),t*u<()tality i, o*7a)i?(: a, a ,tocH o* )o)6,tocH co*+o*atio) it *(<ai), a 7ov(*)<()t i),t*u<()tality (@(*ci,i)7 )ot o)ly 7ov(*)<()tal 4ut al,o co*+o*at( +ow(*,$ T$ere is also no reason for lo)al 'o/ernmen#s #o #a7 na#ional 'o/ernmen# ins#rumen#ali#ies for ren4erin' essen#ial 5u8li) ser/i)es #o in$a8i#an#s of lo)al 'o/ernmen#s1 T$e onl* e7)e5#ion is w$en #$e le'isla#ure )learl* in#en4e4 #o #a7 'o/ernmen# ins#rumen#ali#ies for #$e 4eli/er* of essen#ial 5u8li) ser/i)es for soun4 an4 )om5ellin' 5oli)* )onsi4era#ions1 T$ere mus# 8e e75ress lan'ua'e in #$e law
em5owerin' lo)al 'o/ernmen#s #o #a7 na#ional 'o/ernmen# ins#rumen#ali#ies1 T$is 4o)#rine emana#es from #$e Ksu5rema)*K of #$e Na#ional Go/ernmen# o/er lo)al 'o/ernmen#s1 T$e Air5or# Lan4s an4 Buil4in's of M!AA are 5ro5er#* of 5u8li) 4ominion an4 #$erefore owne4 8* #$e S#a#e or #$e Re5u8li) of #$e +$ili55ines1 A))or4in'l*, #$e Air5or# Lan4s an4 Buil4in's are 4e/o#e4 #o 5u8li) use 8e)ause #$e* are use4 8* #$e 5u8li) for in#erna#ional an4 4omes#i) #ra/el an4 #rans5or#a#ion1 T>( fact t>at t>( MIAA coll(ct, t(*<i)al f((, a): ot>(* c>a*7(, f*o< t>( +u4lic :o(, )ot *(<ov( t>( c>a*act(* of t>( Ai*+o*t La):, a): !uil:i)7, a, +*o+(*ti(, fo* +u4lic u,($
'OVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM v$ CITY TREASURER a): CITY ASSESSOR of t>( CITY OFMANILA '$R$ No$ &C/202 2A D(c(<4(* 233& T.IRD DIVISION 5V(la,co J*$ J.8 G414 is not a G$CC #ut an Cinstru!entalit%D o the -ational Govern!ent. G414: capital is not divided into unit shares. Also& G414& has no !e!#ers to spea. o . /he su#?ect properties under G414:s na!e are owned #% the "epu#lic. /he G414 is #ut a !ere trustee o the su#?ect properties which have either #een ceded to it #% the Govern!ent or ac(uired or the enhance!ent T$e Go/ernmen# Ser/i)e !nsuran)e S*s#em ,GS!S0 owns - 5ar)els of lan4 ,"a#i'8a= 5ro5er#* L &on)e5)ion6Arro)eros 5ro5er#*01 Bo#$ #$e GS!S an4 #$e Me#ro5oli#an Trial &our# ,MeT&0 of Manila o))u5* #$e &on)e5)ion6Arro)eros 5ro5er#*, w$ile #$e "a#i'8a= 5ro5er#* was un4er lease1 T$e &i#* Treasurer of Manila sen# a le##er #o GS!S +resi4en# informin' $im of #$e un5ai4 real 5ro5er#* #a7es 4ue on #$e aforemen#ione4 5ro5er#ies for *ears 9GG- #o -DD-1 GS!S file4 a 5e#i#ion for )er#iorari an4 5ro$i8i#ion wi#$ 5ra*er for a res#rainin' an4 injun)#i/e relief 8efore #$e Manila RT&1 A))or4in'l*, #$e "a#i'8a= 5ro5er#* is in #$e name of GS!S 8u# i# $as 8een lease4 #o an4 o))u5ie4 8* #$e Manila o#el &or51 ,M &0 w$i)$ $as 8een 5a*in' an* real#* #a7es #$a# ma* 8e im5ose4 on #$e su8je)# 5ro5er#*1 On #$e o#$er $an4, #$e &on)e5)ion6Arro)eros 5ro5er#* is 5ar#l* o))u5ie4 8* GS!S an4 #$e MeT& of Manila1 T$us, #$e GS!S s$oul4 no# 8e or4ere4 #o 5a* #$e sai4 #a7 4elin2uen)ies T$e RT& 4ismisse4 GS!SE 5e#i#ion1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# GS!S is e7em5# from #$e 5a*men# of real 5ro5er#* #a7es .ELD# +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 Base4 on +resi4en#ial De)ree No1 ,+D0 99A;, an4 RA B-G9 , G414 Act o ;EE70, GS!S is e7em5# #$e a'en)* an4 i#s 5ro5er#ies from all forms of #a7es an4 assessmen#s, in)lusi/e of real#* #a71 owe/er, un4er #$e LG& of 9GG9 or RA C9;D, #$ere is a wi#$4rawal of #a7 e7em5#ion 5ri/ile'es in Se)1 9G> of #$e LG&, an4 #$e s5e)ial 5ro/ision on wi#$4rawal of e7em5#ion from 5a*men# of real 5ro5er#* #a7es1 owe/er, t>( ,u4G(ct +*o+(*ti(, u):(* 'SISJ, )a<( a*( ow)(: 4y t>( R(+u4lic$ T>( 'SIS i, 4ut a <(*( t*u,t(( of t>( ,u4G(ct +*o+(*ti(, w>ic> >av( (it>(* 4(() c(:(: to it 4y t>( 'ov(*)<()t o* ac9ui*(: fo* t>( ()>a)c(<()t of t>( ,y,t(<$ T$is 5ar#i)ular 5ro5er#* arran'emen# is
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique ! BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
)learl* s$own 8* #$e fa)# #$a# #$e 4is5osal or )on/e*an)e of sai4 su8je)# 5ro5er#ies are ei#$er 4one 8* or #$rou'$ #$e au#$ori#* of #$e +resi4en# of #$e +$ili55ines1 !# is wor#$6men#ionin' #$a# #$e &on)e5)ion6Arro)eros 5ro5er#*, was #ransferre4, )on/e*e4, an4 )e4e4 #o #$is &our#1 T$is fa)# onl* illus#ra#es #$e na#ure of #$e 'o/ernmen# owners$i5 of #$e su8je)# GS!S 5ro5er#ies1 GS!S mana'es #$e fun4s for #$e life insuran)e, re#iremen#, sur/i/ors$i5, an4 4isa8ili#* 8enefi#s of all 'o/ernmen# em5lo*ees an4 #$eir 8enefi)iaries1 T$is un4er#a=in', #o 8e sure, )ons#i#u#es an essen#ial an4 /i#al fun)#ion w$i)$ #$e 'o/ernmen#, #$rou'$ one of i#s a'en)ies or ins#rumen#ali#ies, ou'$# #o 5erform if so)ial se)uri#* ser/i)es #o )i/il ser/i)e em5lo*ees are #o 8e 4eli/ere4 wi#$ reasona8le 4is5a#)$1 IN T.E MATTER OF T.E !REWIN' CONTROVERSIES IN T.E ELECTION IN T.E INTE'RATED !AR OF T.E P.ILIPPINES v. ATTY$ MARCIAL MA'SINO et al. A$M$ No$ 3B6D626SC &0 D(c(<4(* 23&3 EN BANC 5Co*o)a C.J.8 /he rotation rule !ust #e strictl% i!ple!ented as it will deter!ine the order in which each chapter will #e representing a region& although it !ight also #e waived #% the chapter next in rotation #% not no!inating a candidate or Governor during the election. /he rotation rule under 4ections F7 and FE o the 1BP B%-Laws shall #e strictl% i!ple!ented so that all prior elections or governor in the region shall #e rec.oned with or considered in deter!ining who should #e the governor to #e selected ro! the di erent chapters to represent the region in the Board o Governors. 0owever& it is not a#solute #ut su#?ect to waiver as when the chapters in the order o rotation opted not to ield or no!inate their own candidates or Governor ($ile #$e +resi4en# of #$e !n#e'ra#e4 Bar of #$e +$ili55ines ,!B+0, .eli)iano Bau#is#a ,+res1 Bau#is#a0 was in Zam8oan'a, #$en E7e)u#i/e Vi)e +resi4en#, A##*1 Ro'elio Vinluan ,A##*1 Vinluan0 an4 $is 'rou5 )alle4 for a s5e)ial mee#in' of #$e Boar4 of Go/ernors #wo 4a*s 8efore #$e s)$e4ule4 ele)#ion of #$e re'ional Go/ernors1 !n #$e ele)#ion $el4 in #$e Grea#er Manila Re'ion, A##*1 Manuel Maram8a ,A##*1 Maram8a0 won #$e ele)#ion 5resi4e4 o/er 8* #$en ou#'oin' Grea#er Manila Re'ion Go/ernor Mar)ial Ma'sino ,Go/1 Ma'sino01 owe/er, $is o55onen#, A##*1 El5i4io Soriano ,A##*1 Soriano0 4i4 no# a))e5# #$e resul#s, 8u# ins#ea4 file4 an ele)#ion 5ro#es# )laimin' #$a# #$e ele)#ion was /oi4 sin)e #$ere were non64ele'a#es of #$e Mue3on &i#* &$a5#er w$o were allowe4 #o /o#e1 T$e Grou5 of A##*1 Vinluan 'ran#e4 #$e 5ro#es# an4 4e)lare4 A##*1 Soriano as #$e Go/ernor of #$e Grea#er Manila Re'ion1 T$is was 2ues#ione4 8efore #$e &our#1 (i#$ re'ar4 #o #$e ele)#ion in #$e (es#ern Visa*as Re'ion, i# was A##*1 Erwin .or#una#o ,A##*1 .or#una#o0 w$o o8#aine4 #$e $i'$es# num8er of /o#es1 !# was also )lear #$a# i# was #$e #urn of #$e Rom8lon &$a5#er, #o w$i)$ A##*1 .or#una#o 8elon's, #o re5resen# #$e (es#ern Visa*as Re'ion 8ase4 on #$e ro#a#ion rule1 owe/er, $is o55onen#s, A##*s1 &ornelio Al4on ,A##*1 Al4on0 an4 Benjamin Or#e'a ,A##*1 Or#e'a0 )laim #$a# #$e ro#a#ion rule in Se)#ions >C an4 >G of #$e !B+ B*6Laws is no# man4a#or* 8u# onl* 4ire)#or*1 !n #$e (es#ern Min4anao Re'ion, #$e ele)#oral )on#es# 8e#ween A##*1 Nasser Maro$omsali) ,A##*1 Maro$omsali)0 an4 A##*1 Benjamin Lan#o ,A##*1 Lan#o0 s$owe4 #$a# i# was A##*1 Maro$omsali) w$o o8#aine4 'rea#er num8er of /o#es1 owe/er, A##*1 Lan#o 2ues#ione4 #$e /ali4i#* of #$e nomina#ion of A##*1 Maro$omsali) an4 )laime4 #$a# i# was onl* $is nomina#ion w$i)$ is /ali41 (i#$ou# )on4u)#in' an* 5ro)ee4in', #$e 'rou5 of A##*1 Vinluan 5ro)laime4 A##*1 Lan#o as $a/in' 8een 4ul* ele)#e4 on #$e 'roun4 #$a# #$e nomina#ion of #$e A##*1 Maro$omsali), was )on#rar* #o #$e will of #$e Lanao 4el Sur &$a5#er1 A##*1 Maro$omsali) 8rou'$# #$e ma##er #o #$e &our#1
Asi4e from #$e 4e#ermina#ion of #$e winners 4urin' #$e ele)#ion in #$e 4ifferen# Re'ions, i# was also )laime4 #$a# A##*1 VinluanEs 'rou5 4isru5#e4 #$e 5ea)eful an4 or4erl* flow of 8usiness in #$e !B+ 8* 4e)i4in' on issues wi#$ou# au#$ori#* an4 #$erefore s$oul4 8e a55ro5ria#el* san)#ione41 !n resol/in' #$e issues, #$e &our# forme4 a S5e)ial &ommi##ee ,&ommi##ee0 #as=e4 #o in/es#i'a#e #$e )ase an4 #o )ome u5 wi#$ i#s re)ommen4a#ions1 T$e &ommi##ee foun4 ou# #$a# i# was A##*1 Maram8a w$o s$oul4 8e 4e)lare4 as #$e re5resen#a#i/e of #$e Grea#er Manila Re'ion an4 A##*1 .or#una#o for #$e (es#ern Visa*as Re'ion1 On #$e o#$er $an4, i# re)ommen4e4 a s5e)ial ele)#ion for #$e (es#ern Min4anao Re'ion1 !# also foun4 #$a# #$e a)#s of A##*1 VinluanEs 'rou5 )ause4 4isuni#* an4 4isa'reemen#s in !B+ an4 4efie4 #$e lawful au#$ori#* of +res1 Bau#is#a1 ISSUES# ($e#$er or no# A##*1 Maram8a is #$e 4ul* ele)#e4 Go/ernor of #$e Grea#er Manila Re'ion for #$e -DDG6-D99 #erm ($e#$er or no# A##*1 .or#una#o is #$e 4ul* ele)#e4 Go/ernor of #$e (es#ern Visa*as Re'ion for #$e -DDG6-D99 #erm ($e#$er or no# #$ere is a nee4 for a s5e)ial ele)#ion in #$e (es#ern Min4anao Re'ion ($e#$er or no# #$e a)#s of A##*1 VinluanEs 'rou5 )ons#i#u#e4 'ra/e 5rofessional mis)on4u)# w$i)$ s$oul4 8e a55ro5ria#el* san)#ione4 .ELD# +e#i#ion PARTIALLY 'RANTED1 T$e 'o/ernmen# of a &$a5#er is /es#e4 in i#s Board o# !##icers )om5ose4 of nine ,G0 offi)ers, namel*? #$e +resi4en#, Vi)e6+resi4en#, Se)re#ar*, Treasurer, an4 fi/e ,:0 Dire)#ors w$o s$all 8e ele)#e4 8* #$e mem8ers of #$e &$a5#er a# #$e 8iennial mee#in' on #$e las# Sa#ur4a* of .e8ruar*, an4 s$all $ol4 offi)e for a #erm of #wo ,-0 *ears from #$e firs# 4a* of A5ril followin' #$eir ele)#ion an4 un#il #$eir su))essors s$all $a/e 8een 4ul* )$osen an4 2ualifie41 Att'. (aramba is the dul' elected )overnor o# the )reater (anila Re*ion Durin' #$e ele)#ion 4ul* 5resi4e4 o/er 8* #$en ou#'oin' Grea#er Manila Re'ion Go/1 Ma'sino, i# was A##*1 Maram8a w$o 'arnere4 #$e $i'$es# num8er of /o#es amon' #$e 4ele'a#es )om5are4 #o A##*1 Soriano, 9> /o#es #o 9- /o#es1 T$e ar'umen# #$a# A##*s1 Loan3on an4 La2ui were no# 4ele'a#es 8e)ause #$e* were no# ele)#e4 8* #$e M&6Boar4 of Offi)ers, is no# well #a=en1 T$e &ommi##ee )onsi4ere4 #$e si#ua#ion #$en in/ol/in' #$e Mue3on &i#* &$a5#er ,M& &$a5#er0 as no# a N5ro5er )aseE for #$e ele)#ion of a44i#ional 4ele'a#es 8* #$e Boar4 of Offi)ers 8e)ause #$e &$a5#er is en#i#le4 #o #$e same num8er of 4ele'a#es as #$e num8er of offi)ers in i#s Boar4 of Offi)ers1 !#s offi)ers are ipso acto #$e &$a5#erEs 4ele'a#es #o #$e ouse1 T$ere is no nee4 for #$e Boar4 of Offi)ers #o )on4u)# an ele)#ion1 T$us, an4 as ri'$#l* 4e#ermine4 8* #$e &ommi##ee #o w$i)$ #$e &our# su8s)ri8es #o, #$e ele)#ion of A##*1 Soriano ,M& &$a5#er0 in #$e s5e)ial ele)#ion #$a# was 5resi4e4 o/er 8* A##*1 Vinluan was a nulli#* on #$ree 'roun4s? .irs#, 8e)ause A##*1 Soriano alrea4* los# #$e ele)#ion1 Se)on4, #$e s5e)ial ele)#ion )on4u)#e4 8* #$e Vinluan Grou5 was ille'al 8e)ause i# was no# )alle4 nor 5resi4e4 8* #$e re'ional
Go/ernor ,A##*1 Ma'sino01 T$ir4, A##*1 Soriano is 4is2ualifie4 #o run for Go/ernor for #$e -DDG6-D99 #erm 8e)ause $is ele)#ion as su)$ woul4 /iola#e #$e ro#a#ion rule w$i)$ #$e Su5reme &our# re2uires #o 8e s#ri)#l* im5lemen#e41 Att'. +ortunato is the dul' elected )overnor o# the ,estern -isa'as Re*ion T$e ele)#ion of A##*1 .or#una#o was u5$el4 sin)e $e o8#aine4 #$e $i'$es# num8er of /o#es amon' #$e #$ree )an4i4a#es for #$e 5osi#ion an4 also 8e)ause un4er #$e ro#a#ion rule, i# is now #$e #urn of #$e Rom8lon &$a5#er #o re5resen# #$e (es#ern Visa*as Re'ion in #$e !B+ Boar4 of Go/ernors1 On a))oun# #$ereof, #$e &our# is )on/in)e4 #$a# #$e )on#en#ions of A##*s1 Al4on an4 Or#e'a )anno# 5ros5er1 Af#er all, #$e &our# alrea4* u5$el4 5er i#s Resolu#ion in Bar Ma##er No1 :B; #$a# #$e ro#a#ion rule un4er Se)#ions >C an4 >G of #$e !B+ B*6Laws s$all 8e s#ri)#l* im5lemen#e4 so #$a# all 5rior ele)#ions for 'o/ernor in #$e re'ion s$all 8e re)=one4 wi#$ or )onsi4ere4 in 4e#erminin' w$o s$oul4 8e #$e 'o/ernor #o 8e sele)#e4 from #$e 4ifferen# )$a5#ers #o re5resen# #$e re'ion in #$e Boar4 of Go/ernors1 More so, w$en #$e )on)erne4 )$a5#er in/o=e4 i#s ri'$# #$ere#o as in #$e )ase of A##*1 .or#una#o w$o )ame from #$e Rom8lon &$a5#er w$i)$ was ne7# in #$e ro#a#ion1 A##*1 .or#una#o 4i4 no# onl* )ome from #$e )$a5#er w$i)$ is en#i#le4 #o 8e ele)#e4 for #$e sai4 5osi#ion, 8u# also 'o# #$e $i'$es# num8er of /o#es amon' #$e )an4i4a#es #$a# in)lu4e4 A##*s1 Al4on an4 Or#e'a1 As #$e ele)#ion was 5resi4e4 o/er 8* #$en ou#'oin' Go/ernor Ra*mun4 Mer)a4o, #$e &our# fin4s no )o'en# reason as well #o re/erse #$e fin4in's of #$e &ommi##ee insofar as u5$ol4in' #$e ele)#ion of A##*1 .or#una#o is )on)erne41 There is no need #or a special election in the ,estern (indanao Re*ion !n #$e re'ular ele)#ion, #$ere is no 4is5u#e #$a# #$e /o#in' 4ele'a#es of !B+ (es#ern Min4anao Re'ion /o#e4 in#o offi)e A##*1 Maro$omsali) of Lanao 4el Sur &$a5#er as Go/ernor for #$e -DDG6-D99 #erm1 !n i#s Re5or#, #$e &ommi##ee 4e)lare4 #$a# #$e nominee of #$e &$a5#er +resi4en#, no# #$e nominee of #$e Boar4 of Offi)ers, is #$e /ali4 nominee for Go/ernor of #$e Re'ion, #$ere8* sus#ainin' #$e 5osi#ion of A##*1 Maro$omsali) an4, in effe)#, #$e /ali4i#* of $is nomina#ion 8* A##*1 Ma)alawi1 ($ile #$e &ommi##ee 5oin#s ou# #$a# si7 )$a5#ers in #$e re'ion are en#i#le4 #o 5re)e4en)e o/er #$e Lanao 4el Sur )$a5#er in #$e or4er of ro#a#ion, #$e fa)# remains #$a# no# one of #$em nomina#e4 or fiel4e4 a )an4i4a#e from #$eir res5e)#i/e ran=s 4urin' #$e ele)#ion1 Nei#$er 4i4 an* one of #$em )$allen'e #$e nomina#ions of #$e Lanao 4el Sur &$a5#er 8ase4 on #$e or4er of ro#a#ion1 B* no# fiel4in' a )an4i4a#e for Go/ernor an4 8* 4e)linin' #$e nomina#ion raise4 in fa/or of i#s &$a5#er +resi4en# ,A##*1 Es)o8ar0, #$e !B+ Saran'ani &$a5#er is 4eeme4 #o $a/e wai/e4 i#s #urn in #$e ro#a#ion or4er1 T$e same )an 8e sai4 of #$e remainin' )$a5#ers1 T$e* #oo are 4eeme4 #o $a/e wai/e4 #$eir #urn in #$e ro#a#ion as #$e* o5#e4 no# #o fiel4 or nomina#e a )an4i4a#e from amon' #$eir res5e)#i/e mem8ers1 Nei#$er 4i4 #$e* in/o=e #$e ro#a#ion rule #o )$allen'e #$e nomina#ions from #$e Lanao 4el Sur &$a5#er1 T$e Hro#a#ion ruleI is no# a8solu#e 8u# su8je)# #o wai/er as w$en #$e )$a5#ers in #$e or4er of ro#a#ion o5#e4 no# #o fiel4 or nomina#e #$eir own )an4i4a#es for Go/ernor 4urin' #$e ele)#ion re'ularl* 4one for #$a# 5ur5ose1 !f a /ali4l* nomina#e4 )an4i4a#e o8#ains #$e $i'$es# num8er of /o#es in #$e ele)#ion )on4u)#e4, $is ele)#oral man4a#e 4eser/es #o 8e res5e)#e4 unless o8#aine4 #$rou'$ frau4 as es#a8lis$e4 8* e/i4en)e1 T$us, A##*1 Maro$omsali) )anno# 8e 4i/es#e4 an4 4e5ri/e4 of $is ele)#oral man4a#e an4 /i)#or*1 T$e or4er of ro#a#ion is no# a ri'i4 an4 infle7i8le rule as #o 8ar i#s rela7a#ion in e7)e5#ional an4 )om5ellin' )ir)ums#an)es1
The acts o# Att'. -inluan.s *roup constituted *rave pro#essional misconduct %hich should be appropriatel' sanctioned T$e &ommi##ee 4e)lare4 #$a# #$e $i'$6$an4e4 an4 4i/isi/e #a)#i)s of A##*1 VinluanEs 'rou5 w$i)$ 4isru5#e4 #$e 5ea)eful an4 or4erl* flow of 8usiness in #$e !B+, )ause4 )$aos in #$e Na#ional Offi)e, 8i##er 4isa'reemen#s, an4 ill6feelin's, an4 almos# 4isin#e'ra#e4 #$e !n#e'ra#e4 Bar, )ons#i#u#e4 'ra/e 5rofessional mis)on4u)# w$i)$ s$oul4 8e a55ro5ria#el* san)#ione4 #o 4is)oura'e i#s re5e#i#ion in #$e fu#ure1 !# $as lon' 8een $el4 #$a#, as 5ro/i4e4 for in Rule 91D9, &anon 9 of #$e &o4e of +rofessional Res5onsi8ili#* #$a# H,a0 law*er s$all no# en'a'e in unlawful, 4is$ones#, immoral or 4e)ei#ful )on4u)#1I A44e4 #o #$is, Rule C1D>, &anon C re2uires #$a# H,a0 law*er s$all no# en'a'e in )on4u)# #$a# a4/ersel* refle)#s on $is fi#ness #o 5ra)#i)e law, nor s$all $e w$e#$er in 5u8li) or 5ri/a#e life, 8e$a/e in a s)an4alous manner #o #$e 4is)re4i# of #$e le'al 5rofession1I !n #$e )ase a# 8ar, su)$ )anons fin4 a55li)a#ion1 !n a44i#ion, i# was )lear #o #$e &ommi##ee, an4 #$e &our# a'rees, #$a# ,#0$e a)#ua#ions of A##*1 VinluanEs 'rou5 in 4ef*in' #$e lawful au#$ori#* of !B+ +resi4en# Bau#is#a, 4ue #o A##*1 VinluanEs o/erweenin' 4esire #o 5ro5el $is fra#erni#* 8ro#$er, A##*1 El5i4io G1 Soriano, #o #$e ne7# 5resi4en)* of #$e !B+, sma)=e4 of 5oli#i)=in', w$i)$ is s#ron'l* )on4emne4 an4 s#ri)#l* 5ro$i8i#e4 8* #$e !B+ B*6Laws an4 #$e Bar !n#e'ra#ion Rule1 !n4ee4, sai4 a)#ua#ions of A##*1 Vinluan an4 $is 'rou5 were 'rossl* inimi)al #o #$e in#eres# of #$e !B+ an4 were /iola#i/e of #$eir solemn oa#$ as law*ers1 T$e* all 4eser/e #o suffer #$e same fa#e for 8e#ra*in' as well #$e #rus# 8es#owe4 on #$em for #$e $i'$ 5osi#ions #$a# #$e* 5re/iousl* $el41 ($ile A##*1 Vinluan an4 $is 'rou5 4eser/e #o 8e s#ri55e4 of #$eir 5osi#ions in #$e !B+, #$is )an no lon'er 8e 4one as #$eir #erms as Go/ernors alrea4* e75ire4, es5e)iall* on #$e 5ar# of A##*s1 Es#ra4a, Baran4on, %r1, Es)alon an4 Mer)a4o1 owe/er, in #$e )ase of A##*1 Vinluan, as former EV+ of #$e !B+ $e woul4 $a/e au#oma#i)all* su))ee4e4 #o #$e 5resi4en)* for #$e #erm -DDG6-D99 8u# now s$oul4 no# 8e allowe4 #o1 Af#er all, an4 )onsi4erin' #$e fin4in's of #$e &ommi##ee, $e $as )learl* manifes#e4 $is unwor#$iness #o $ol4 #$e sai4 5os#1 On a))oun# #$ereof, A##*1 Vinluan is #$us 4e)lare4 unfi# #o assume #$e 5osi#ion of !B+ +resi4en#1 Also, A##*1 Vinluan an4 $is 'rou5 s$oul4 no lon'er 8e allowe4 #o run as na#ional offi)ers #o 5re/en# su)$ similar irre'ulari#* from $a55enin' a'ain1
II$
Kua,i6L(7i,lativ( Pow(*, CON'RESSMAN JAMES L$ C.ION'!IAN 5T>i*: Di,t*ict of Cota4ato8 et al. v. .ON$ OSCAR M$ OR!OS 5E@(cutiv( S(c*(ta*y8 et al. '$R$ No$ B/1D0 22 Ju)( &BBD EN BANC 5M():o?a J.8
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique % BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
Bhile the power to !erge ad!inistrative regions is not expressl% provided or in the Constitution& it is a power which has traditionall% #een lodged with the President to acilitate the exercise o the power o general supervision over local govern!ents. /he regions the!selves are not territorial and political divisions li.e provinces& cities& !unicipalities and #aranga%s #ut are G!ere groupings o contiguous provinces or ad!inistrative purposes.G /here is& there ore& no a#dication #% Congress o its legislative power in con erring on the Re5u8li) A)# ;C>A ,Or'ani) A)# for #$e Au#onomous Re'ion in Muslim Min4anao0 was 5asse4 8* #$e le'isla#ure w$i)$ )alls for a 5le8is)i#e #o 8e $el4 in #$e /arious 5ro/in)es in Min4anao1 .our 5ro/in)es /o#e4 in fa/or of )rea#in' an au#onomous re'ion in #$e 5le8is)i#e1 T$ese are #$e 5ro/in)es of Lanao 4el Sur, Ma'uin4anao, Sulu an4 Tawi6Tawi1 &olle)#i/el*, #$ese 5ro/in)es ma=e6u5 #$e so6)alle4 HAu#onomous Re'ion in Muslim Min4anao1I +resi4en# &ora3on &1 A2uino issue4 E7e)u#i/e Or4er No1 A-G, for #$e Reor'ani3a#ion of #$e A4minis#ra#i/e Re'ions in Min4anao for #$e 5ro/in)es an4 )i#ies no# /o#in' in fa/or of #$e Au#onomous Re'ion1 &$ion'8ian, e# al1, re5resen#a#i/es, alle'e4 #$a# Ar#1 O!O, P9> of R1A1 No1 ;C>A is un)ons#i#u#ional 8e)ause?
,90 i# un4ul* 4ele'a#es le'isla#i/e 5ower #o #$e +resi4en# 8* au#$ori3in' $im #o Kmer'e Q8* a4minis#ra#i/e 4e#ermina#ionR #$e e7is#in' re'ionsK or a# an* ra#e 5ro/i4es no s#an4ar4 for #$e e7er)ise of #$e 5ower 4ele'a#e4 an4@ ,-0 #$e 5ower 'ran#e4 is no# e75resse4 in #$e #i#le of #$e law1 Also, a))or4in' #o #$em, #$e 5ower 'ran#e4 8* Ar#1 O!O, P9> #o #$e +resi4en# is onl* #o Kmer'e re'ions !O an4 O!!K 8u# no# #o reor'ani3e #$e en#ire a4minis#ra#i/e re'ions in Min4anao an4 )er#ainl* no# #o #ransfer #$e re'ional )en#er of Re'ion !O from Zam8oan'a &i#* #o +a'a4ian &i#*1
ISSUES# ($e#$er or no# R1A1 :A>: is un)ons#i#u#ional .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED$ T$e 5ur5ose of R$A$ No$ D0AD is #o reor'ani3e #$e 4ifferen# e7e)u#i/e 4e5ar#men#s, 8ureaus, offi)es, a'en)ies an4 ins#rumen#ali#ies of #$e 'o/ernmen#, in)lu4in' 8an=in' or finan)ial ins#i#u#ions an4 )or5ora#ions owne4 or )on#rolle4 8* i#1 Loo=in' 8a)= in our )oun#r*Es $is#or*, +1D1 No1 9::: #ransferre4 #$e re'ional )en#er of Re'ion !O from %olo #o Zam8oan'a &i#*1 T$us #$e )rea#ion an4 su8se2uen# reor'ani3a#ion of a4minis#ra#i/e re'ions $a/e 8een 8* #$e +resi4en# 5ursuan# #o au#$ori#* 'ran#e4 #o $im 8* law1 T$e )$oi)e of #$e +resi4en# as 4ele'a#e is lo'i)al 8e)ause #$e 4i/ision of #$e )oun#r* in#o re'ions is in#en4e4 #o fa)ili#a#e no# onl* #$e a4minis#ra#ion of lo)al 'o/ernmen#s 8u# also #$e 4ire)#ion of e7e)u#i/e 4e5ar#men#s w$i)$ #$e law re2uires s$oul4 $a/e re'ional offi)es1 ($ile #$e 5ower #o mer'e a4minis#ra#i/e re'ions is no# e75ressl* 5ro/i4e4 for in #$e &ons#i#u#ion, i# is a 5ower w$i)$ $as #ra4i#ionall* 8een lo4'e4 wi#$ #$e +resi4en# #o fa)ili#a#e #$e e7er)ise of #$e 5ower of 'eneral su5er/ision o/er lo)al 'o/ernmen#s1 T$e re'ions #$emsel/es are no# #erri#orial an4 5oli#i)al 4i/isions li=e 5ro/in)es, )i#ies, muni)i5ali#ies an4 8aran'a*s 8u# are Kmere 'rou5in's of )on#i'uous 5ro/in)es for a4minis#ra#i/e 5ur5oses1K T$ere is, #$erefore, no a84i)a#ion 8* &on'ress of i#s le'isla#i/e 5ower in )onferrin' on #$e +resi4en# #$e 5ower #o mer'e a4minis#ra#i/e re'ions1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique & BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
T$e &our# fur#$er $el4 #$a# H($ile non6assen#in' 5ro/in)es an4 )i#ies are #o remain in #$e re'ions as 4esi'na#e4 u5on #$e )rea#ion of #$e Au#onomous Re'ion, #$e* ma* ne/er#$eless 8e re'rou5e4 wi#$ )on#i'uous 5ro/in)es formin' o#$er re'ions as #$e e7i'en)* of a4minis#ra#ion ma* re2uire1I !n su)$ )ase, T$ere will 8e no K#ransferK of lo)al 'o/ernmen#s from one re'ion #o ano#$er e7)e5# as #$e* ma* #$us 8e re'rou5e4 so #$a# a 5ro/in)e li=e Lanao 4el Nor#e, w$i)$ is a# 5resen# 5ar# of Re'ion O!!, will 8e)ome 5ar# of Re'ion !O1 T>( *(7*ou+i)7 of co)ti7uou, +*ovi)c(, i, )ot (v() a)alo7ou, to a *(:i,t*icti)7 o* to t>( :ivi,io) o* <(*7(* of local 7ov(*)<()t, w>ic> all >av( +olitical co),(9u()c(, o) t>( *i7>t of +(o+l( *(,i:i)7 i) t>o,( +olitical u)it, to vot( a): to 4( vot(: fo*$ LORENLO M$ TAMADA et al$ .ON$ JUAN C$ TUVERA E@(cutiv( A,,i,ta)t et al$ '$R$ No$ L6/AB&D 20 A+*il &BCD EN BANC 5E,coli) J$8 /he pu#lication o all presidential issuances Go a pu#lic natureG or Go general applica#ilit%G is !andated #% law. $#viousl%& presidential decrees that provide or ines& or eitures or penalties or their violation or otherwise i!pose a #urden or the people& such as tax and revenue !easures& all within this categor%. $ther presidential issuances which appl% onl% to particular persons or class o persons such as ad!inistrative and executive orders need not #e pu#lished on the assu!ption that the% have #een circulari6ed to all concerned. /he pu#lication !ust #e in ull or it is no pu#lication at all. Loren3o TaJa4a, e# al1 2ues#ion some 5resi4en#ial 4e)rees, le##ers of ins#ru)#ions, 'eneral or4ers, 5ro)lama#ions, e7e)u#i/e or4ers, le##er of im5lemen#a#ion an4 a4minis#ra#i/e or4ers w$i)$ #oo= effe)# wi#$ou# 8ein' 5u8lis$e4 in #$e Offi)ial Ga3e##e or in news5a5er of 'eneral )ir)ula#ion1 T$e*, a))or4in'l*, in/o=e #$e I+(o+l(J, *i7>t to 4( i)fo*<(: o) <att(*, of +u4lic co)c(*) 1= TaJa4a, e# al1 also a44s #$a# 8ase4 on #$e 5rin)i5le #$a# laws #o 8e /ali4 an4 enfor)ea8le mus# 8e 5u8lis$e4 in #$e Offi)ial Ga3e##e or o#$erwise effe)#i/el* 5romul'a#e4, #$e* see= a wri# of man4amus #o )om5el res5on4en# 5u8li) offi)ials #o 5u8lis$, an4<or )ause #$e 5u8li)a#ion in #$e Offi)ial Ga3e##e of /arious 5resi4en#ial 4e)rees, le##ers of ins#ru)#ions, 'eneral or4ers, 5ro)lama#ions, e7e)u#i/e or4ers, le##er of im5lemen#a#ion an4 a4minis#ra#i/e or4ers1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# 5u8li)a#ion in #$e Offi)ial Ga3e##e is man4a#or* .ELD# +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 Tu/era, e# al1 )on#en4 #$a# 5u8li)a#ion in #$e Offi)ial Ga3e##e is no# a sine 2ua non re2uiremen# for #$e effe)#i/i#* of laws w$ere #$e laws #$emsel/es 5ro/i4e for #$eir own effe)#i/i#* 4a#es1 !# is #$us su8mi##e4 #$a# sin)e #$e 5resi4en#ial issuan)es in 2ues#ion )on#ain s5e)ial 5ro/isions as #o #$e 4a#e #$e* are #o #a=e effe)#, 5u8li)a#ion in #$e Offi)ial Ga3e##e is no# in4is5ensa8le for #$eir effe)#i/i#*1 T$e 5oin# s#resse4 is an)$ore4 on Ar#i)le - of #$e &i/il &o4e w$i)$ s#a#es #$a# laws s$all #a=e effe)# af#er fif#een 4a*s followin' #$e )om5le#ion of #$eir 5u8li)a#ion in #$e Offi)ial Ga3e##e, unless it is otherwise provided1 T$e &our# $as rule4 in a lon' line of i#s 4e)isions #$a# 5u8li)a#ion in #$e Offi)ial Ga3e##e is ne)essar* in #$ose )ases w$ere #$e le'isla#ion i#self 4oes no# 5ro/i4e for i#s effe)#i/i#* 4a#e6for #$en #$e 4a#e of 5u8li)a#ion is ma#erial for 4e#erminin' i#s 4a#e of effe)#i/i#*, w$i)$ is #$e fif#een#$ 4a* followin' i#s 5u8li)a#ion68u# no# w$en #$e law i#self 5ro/i4es for #$e 4a#e w$en i# 'oes in#o effe)#1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique 2' BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
T$e )lear o8je)# of #$e a8o/e62uo#e4 5ro/ision is #o 'i/e #$e 'eneral 5u8li) a4e2ua#e no#i)e of #$e /arious laws w$i)$ are #o re'ula#e #$eir a)#ions an4 )on4u)# as )i#i3ens1 (i#$ou# su)$ no#i)e an4 5u8li)a#ion, #$ere woul4 8e no 8asis for #$e a55li)a#ion of #$e ma7im Ki'noran#ia le'is non e7)usa#1K !# woul4 8e #$e $ei'$# of injus#i)e #o 5unis$ or o#$erwise 8ur4en a )i#i3en for #$e #rans'ression of a law of w$i)$ $e $a4 no no#i)e w$a#soe/er, no# e/en a )ons#ru)#i/e one1 (i#$ou# 5u8li)a#ion, #$e 5eo5le $a/e no means of =nowin' w$a# 5resi4en#ial 4e)rees $a/e a)#uall* 8een 5romul'a#e4, mu)$ less a 4efini#e wa* of informin' #$emsel/es of #$e s5e)ifi) )on#en#s an4 #e7#s of su)$ 4e)rees1 T$e 5u8li)a#ion of all 5resi4en#ial issuan)es Kof a 5u8li) na#ureK or Kof 'eneral a55li)a8ili#*K is man4a#e4 8* law1 O8/iousl*, 5resi4en#ial 4e)rees #$a# 5ro/i4e for fines, forfei#ures or 5enal#ies for #$eir /iola#ion or o#$erwise im5ose a 8ur4en or1 #$e 5eo5le, su)$ as #a7 an4 re/enue measures, fall wi#$in #$is )a#e'or*1 O#$er 5resi4en#ial issuan)es w$i)$ a55l* onl* #o 5ar#i)ular 5ersons or )lass of 5ersons su)$ as a4minis#ra#i/e an4 e7e)u#i/e or4ers nee4 no# 8e 5u8lis$e4 on #$e assum5#ion #$a# #$e* $a/e 8een )ir)ulari3e4 #o all )on)erne41 !# is nee4less #o a44 #$a# #$e 5u8li)a#ion of 5resi4en#ial issuan)es Kof a 5u8li) na#ureK or Kof 'eneral a55li)a8ili#*K is a re2uiremen# of 4ue 5ro)ess1 SMART TELECOMMINICATIONS v. NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION '$R$ No$ &D&B3C Au7u,t &2 233A FIRST DIVISION 5Y)a*(?6Sa)tia7o J$8 /he rule under our ?urisdiction is onl% ?udicial review o decisions o ad!inistrative agencies !ade in the exercise o their (uasi-?udicial unction is su#?ect to the exhaustion doctrine. /he doctrine o pri!ar% ?urisdiction applies onl% where the ad!inistrative agenc% exercises its T$e Na#ional Tele)ommuni)a#ion &ommission ,NT&0 issue4 M(<o*a):u< Ci*cula* No$ &A6/6 23331 T$e )ir)ular 5ro/i4es amon' o#$ers #$a# #$e +u8li) Tele)ommuni)a#ion En#i#ies ,+TEs0 mus#? ,90 5ro/i4e a 'ra)e 5erio4 for su8s)ri8ers w$en #$eir 8illin' s#a#emen#s are no# re)ei/e4 wi#$in #$e >D 4a* 5erio4 of ea)$ 8illin' )*)le an4 4urin' sai4 'ra)e 5erio4 #$e* are 5ro$i8i#e4 from 4is)onne)#in' #$eir ser/i)e, ,-0 no# )$ar'e for )alls 4i/er#e4 #o /oi)e mail8o7 or similar fa)ili#*, ,>0 /erif* #$e i4en#ifi)a#ion an4 a44ress of ea)$ 5ur)$aser of a 5re5ai4 S!M )ar4 w$i)$ will 8e /ali4 for - *ears, ,A0 u54a#e su8s)ri8ers of #$e remainin' /alue of #$eir )ar4s 8efore #$e s#ar# of e/er* )all an4 ,:0 re4u)e #$e uni# of 8illin' from 9 minu#e 5er 5ulse #o ; se)on4s 5er 5ulse1 T$e NT& also issue4 o#$er )ir)ulars? :10 4ire)#in' )ellular mo8ile #ele5$one ser/i)e ,&MTS0 o5era#ors an4 S!M )ar4 4ealers #o s#ri)#l* )om5l* wi#$ #$e re2uiremen# of 5resen#a#ion an4 /erifi)a#ion of i4en#i#* an4 a44ress of 5re5ai4 S!M )ar4 )os#umers, ;10 or4erin' #o 4en* a))e5#an)e #o )us#omers usin' s#olen uni#s, s$are informa#ion on s#olen )ell5$one uni#s wi#$ o#$er ne#wor=s an4 re2uire e7is#in' 5re5ai4 )os#umers #o re'is#er11 !sla &ommuni)a#ions &o1, !n)1 an4 +ili5ino Tele5$one &or5ora#ion ,+il#el0 file4 a'ains# NT&, e# al1 an a)#ion for 4e)lara#ion of nulli#* of #$e Memoran4um &ir)ulars wi#$ 5ra*er for #$e issuan)e of a wri# of 5reliminar* injun)#ion an4 #em5orar* res#rainin' or4er1 Alle'e4l*, #$e NT& $as no juris4i)#ion #o re'ula#e #$e sale of )onsumer 'oo4s sin)e su)$ juris4i)#ion 8elon's #o #$e De5ar#men# of Tra4e an4 !n4us#r*1
Glo8e Tele)om, !n) an4 Smar# &ommuni)a#ions ,Smar#0, !n)1 file4 a join# Mo#ion for Lea/e #o !n#er/ene an4 #o A4mi# &om5lain#6in6!n#er/en#ion1 T$is was 'ran#e4 8* #$e #rial )our#1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e 4o)#rine of e7$aus#ion of a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies s$all a55l* .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1 T$e rule un4er our juris4i)#ion is o)ly Gu:icial *(vi(w of :(ci,io), of a:<i)i,t*ativ( a7()ci(, <a:( i) t>( (@(*ci,( of t>(i* 9ua,i6Gu:icial fu)ctio) i, ,u4G(ct to t>( (@>au,tio) :oct*i)($ T>( :oct*i)( of +*i<a*y Gu*i,:ictio) a++li(, o)ly w>(*( t>( a:<i)i,t*ativ( a7()cy (@(*ci,(, it, 9ua,i6 Gu:icial o* a:Gu:icato*y fu)ctio)$ !# is well6se##le4 #$a# if w$a# is assaile4 is #$e /ali4i#* or )ons#i#u#ionali#* of a rule or re'ula#ion issue4 8* #$e a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)* in #$e 5erforman)e of i#s 2uasi6le'isla#i/e fun)#ion, #$e re'ular )our#s $a/e juris4i)#ion #o 5ass u5on #$e same1 T$e 4e#ermina#ion of w$e#$er a s5e)ifi) rule or se# of rules issue4 8* an a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)* )on#ra/enes #$e law or #$e )ons#i#u#ion is wi#$in #$e juris4i)#ion of #$e re'ular )our#s1 I):((: t>( Co),titutio) v(,t, t>( +ow(* of Gu:icial *(vi(w o* t>( +ow(* to :(cla*( a law t*(aty i)t(*)atio)al o* (@(cutiv( a7*((<()t +*(,i:()tial :(c*(( o*:(* i),t*uctio) o*:i)a)c( o* *(7ulatio) i) t>( cou*t, i)clu:i)7 t>( *(7io)al t*ial cou*t,$ T>i, i, wit>i) t>( ,co+( of Gu:icial +ow(* w>ic> i)clu:(, t>( aut>o*ity of t>( cou*t, to :(t(*<i)( i) a) a++*o+*iat( actio) t>( vali:ity of t>( act, of t>( +olitical :(+a*t<()t,$ EASTERN S.IPPIN' LINES v. COURT OF APPEALS '$R$ No$ &&/AD/ Ju)( 2B &BBC FIRST DIVISION 5Pa)7a)i4a) J$8 )ollowing the Doctrine o 0ierarch% o Laws& #ecause the PPA circulars are inconsistent with E$ ;<HH& the% are void and ine ective. GAd!inistrative or executive acts& orders and regulations shall #e valid onl% when the% are not contrar% to the laws or the Constitution.G T$e Da/ao +ilo#s Asso)ia#ion file4 a )om5lain# for sum of mone* a'ains# Eas#ern S$i55in' Lines, !n)1 ,Eas#ern01 T$e )ase was a8ou# #wo ,-0 *ears of un5ai4 5ilo#a'e fees1 Eas#ern S$i55in' Lines 4is5u#e4 #$e )laims a'ains# #$em1 T$e* 4is5u#e #$e #$e )ons#i#u#ionali#* of E7e)u#i/e Or4er No1 9DBB ,EO 9DBB01 Moreo/er, alle'e4l*, #$e )ase falls wi#$in #$e 5ur/iew of #$e +$ili55ine +or#s Au#$ori#* ,++A01 Briefl*, Eas#ern ar'ues for #$e a55li)a#ion of #$e ++A &ir)ular ins#ea4 of 8ein' 'ui4e4 8* EO 9DBB 8e)ause #$e 5ilo#a'e fees 5res)ri8e4 un4er #$e former is lower #$an #$a# 8* #$e la##er1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e EO 9DBB s$oul4 5re/ail o/er #$e )ir)ulars issue4 8* #$e ++A in )ase of )onfli)# .ELD#
+e#i#ion 'RANTED1 Be)ause #$e ++A )ir)ulars are in)onsis#en# wi#$ EO 9DBB, #$e* are /oi4 an4 ineffe)#i/e1 KA4minis#ra#i/e or e7e)u#i/e a)#s, or4ers an4 re'ula#ions s$all 8e /ali4 onl* w$en #$e* are no# )on#rar* #o #$e laws or #$e &ons#i#u#ion1K !# is a7ioma#i) #$a# an a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)*, li=e #$e ++A, $as no 4is)re#ion w$e#$er #o im5lemen# #$e law or no#1 !#s 4u#* is #o enfor)e i#1 Unar'ua8l*, #$erefore, if #$ere is an* )onfli)# 8e#ween #$e ++A )ir)ular an4 a law, su)$ as EO 9DBB, #$e la##er 5re/ails1
P.ILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF SERVICE E-PORTERS v. TORRES '$R$ No$ &3&21B Au7u,t / &BB2 EN BANC 5'*iNo6A9ui)o J$8 /he (uestioned circulars are shown to #e a valid exercise o the police power as delegated to the executive #ranch o Govern!ent. -evertheless& the% are legall% invalid& de ective and unen orcea#le or lac. o proper pu#lication and iling in the $ ice o the -ational Ad!inistrative "egister as re(uired in Article 8 o the Civil Code& Article = o the La#or Code and 4ections F*;, and P>ili++i)( A,,ociatio) of S(*vic( E@+o*t(*, ,+ASE!0 is en'a'e4 in #$e 8usiness of o8#ainin' o/erseas em5lo*men# for .ili5ino lan48ase4 wor=ers, in)lu4in' 4omes#i) $el5ers1 Se)re#ar* of La8or Ru8en D1 Torres ,Torres0 issue4 D(+a*t<()t O*:(* No$ &/ sus5en4in' #$e re)rui#men# 8* 5ri/a#e em5lo*men# a'en)ies of .ili5ino 4omes#i) $el5ers ,D 0 'oin' #o on' "on'1 Moreo/er, #$e or4er s#a#es #$a# #$e +$ili55ine O/erseas Em5lo*men# A4minis#ra#ion ,+OEA0 s$all #a=e o/er #$e 5ro)essin' an4 4e5lo*men# of $ouse$ol4 wor=ers 8oun4 for on' "on', su8je)# #o 'ui4elines #o 8e issue4 for sai4 5ur5ose1 &onse2uen#l*, +OEA issue4 M(<o*a):u< Ci*cula* No$ A3 5ro/i4in' for 'ui4elines for #$e 5ro)essin' an4 4e5lo*men# of D s #o on' "on'@ M(<o*a):u< Ci*cula* No$ A1 for #$e 5ro)essin' of em5lo*men# )on#ra)#s of 4omes#i) wor=ers for on' "on'1 +ASE! file4 a +(titio) fo* +*o>i4itio) 5ra*in' #$a# #$e &our# will annul #$e DOLE an4 +OEA )ir)ulars1 Alle'e4l*, #$e assaile4 DOLE an4 +OEA )ir)ulars are )on#rar* #o #$e &ons#i#u#ion, are unreasona8le, unfair an4 o55ressi/e ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e )ir)ulars are un)ons#i#u#ional .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1 Ar#i)le >; of #$e La8or &o4e 'ran#s #$e La8or Se)re#ar* #$e 5ower #o res#ri)# an4 re'ula#e re)rui#men# an4 5la)emen# a)#i/i#ies1 T$e /es#ure of 2uasi6le'isla#i/e an4 2uasi6ju4i)ial 5owers in a4minis#ra#i/e 8o4ies is no# un)ons#i#u#ional, unreasona8le an4 o55ressi/e1 !# $as 8een ne)essi#a#e4 8* #$e 'rowin' )om5le7i#* of #$e mo4ern so)ie#*1 More an4 more a4minis#ra#i/e 8o4ies are ne)essar* #o $el5 in #$e re'ula#ion of so)ie#*Ss ramifie4 a)#i/i#ies1 S5e)iali3e4 in #$e 5ar#i)ular fiel4 assi'ne4 #o #$em, #$e* )an 4eal wi#$ #$e 5ro8lems #$ereof wi#$ more e75er#ise an4 4is5a#)$ #$an )an 8e e75e)#e4 from #$e le'isla#ure or #$e )our#s of jus#i)e1
T$e assaile4 )ir)ulars 4o no# 5ro$i8i# #$e 5e#i#ioner from en'a'in' in #$e re)rui#men# an4 4e5lo*men# of .ili5ino lan48ase4 wor=ers for o/erseas em5lo*men#1 A )areful rea4in' of #$e )$allen'e4 a4minis#ra#i/e issuan)es 4is)loses #$a# #$e same fall wi#$in #$e Ka4minis#ra#i/e an4 5oli)in' 5owers e75ressl* or 8* ne)essar* im5li)a#ion )onferre4K u5on #$e res5on4en#s1 T$e 5ower #o Kres#ri)# an4 re'ula#e )onferre4 8* Ar#i)le >; of #$e La8or &o4e in/ol/es a 'ran# of 5oli)e 5ower1 To Kres#ri)#K means K#o )onfine, limi# or s#o5K an4 w$ereas #$e 5ower #o Kre'ula#eK means K#$e 5ower #o 5ro#e)#, fos#er, 5romo#e, 5reser/e, an4 )on#rol wi#$ 4ue re'ar4 for #$e in#eres#s, firs# an4 foremos#, of #$e 5u8li), #$en of #$e u#ili#* an4 of i#s 5a#ronsK T>( 9u(,tio)(: ci*cula*, a*( ,>ow) to 4( a vali: (@(*ci,( of t>( +olic( +ow(* a, :(l(7at(: to t>( (@(cutiv( 4*a)c> of 'ov(*)<()t$ N(v(*t>(l(,, t>(y a*( l(7ally i)vali: :(f(ctiv( a): u)()fo*c(a4l( fo* lacH of +*o+(* +u4licatio) a): fili)7 i) t>( Offic( of t>( Natio)al A:<i)i,t*ativ( R(7i,t(* a, *(9ui*(: i) A*ticl( 2 of t>( Civil Co:( A*ticl( D of t>( La4o* Co:( a): S(ctio), A5&8 a): 0 C>a+t(* 2 !ooH VII of t>( A:<i)i,t*ativ( Co:( of &BC11
RENATO C$ CORONA 5i) >i, ca+acity a, A,,i,ta)t S(c*(ta*y fo* L(7al Affai*,8 et al. v. UNITED .AR!OR PILOTS ASSOCIATION '$R$ No$ &&&BDA &2 D(c(<4(* &BB1 EN BANC 5Ro<(* J$8 /he license o the pilots is granted in the or! o an appoint!ent which allows the! to engage in pilotage until the% retire at the age 7< %ears. /his is a vested right. 1t is readil% apparent that PPA-A$ -o. <I-E8 undul% restricts the right o har#or pilots to en?o% their pro ession #e ore their co!pulsor% retire!ent. 0owever& the rule is where the rule is procedural& or !erel% legal opinions& or even T$e P>ili++i)( Po*t, Aut>o*ity ,++A0 5romul'a#e4 PPA6AO63A6CD w$i)$ 5ro/i4es for rules 'o/ernin' 5ilo# )on4u)# an4 5ilo#a'e fees an4 ser/i)es1 ++A6AO6D>6B: re2uires 5ilo#s #o a)2uire li)enses an4 #o #rain for se/en ,C0 mon#$s in #wo ,-0 5or#s as 5ro8a#ionar* 5ilo#s1 Af#er su)$, #$e* are 'i/en 5ermanen# an4 re'ular a55oin#men#s 8* #$e ++A #o e7er)ise $ar8or 5ilo#a'e un#il #$e* rea)$ #$e a'e of CD, unless sooner remo/e4 8* reason of men#al or 5$*si)al unfi#ness1 La#er on, ++A6AO No1 DA6G- was issue4 w$i)$ limi#e4 all a55oin#men#s #o $ar8our 5ilo# 5osi#ions #o a #erm of one ,90 *ear su8je)# #o *earl* renewal or )an)ella#ion 8* #$e Au#$ori#*1 Uni#e4 ar8or +ilo#s Asso)ia#on an4 #$e Manila +ilo#s Asso)ia#ion #$rou'$ &a5#1 Al8er#o &1 &om5as ,&om5as0 2ues#ione4 ++A6AO No1 DA6G- in #$e De5ar#men# of Trans5or#a#ion an4 &ommuni)a#ion ,DOT&01 !n i#s answer, #$e ++A )oun#ere4 #$a# sai4 a4minis#ra#i/e or4er was issue4 in #$e e7er)ise of i#s a4minis#ra#i/e )on#rol an4 su5er/ision o/er $ar8or 5ilo#s an4 i#, alon' wi#$ i#s im5lemen#in' 'ui4elines, was in#en4e4 #o res#ore or4er in #$e 5or#s an4 #o im5ro/e #$e 2uali#* of 5or# ser/i)es1 T$e Offi)e of #$e +resi4en#, #$rou'$ Assis#an# E7e)u#i/e Se)re#ar* for Le'al Affairs Rena#o &1 &orona o5ine4 #$a# #$e e7er)ise of oneSs 5rofession falls wi#$in #$e )ons#i#u#ional 'uaran#ee a'ains# wron'ful 4e5ri/a#ion or in#erferen)e of 5ro5er#* ri'$#s wi#$ou# 4ue 5ro)ess1 Moreo/er, a))or4in' #o &orona, ++A6AO DA6G- 4oes no# )ons#i#u#e a wron'ful in#erferen)e wi#$, le# alone a wron'ful 4e5ri/a#ion of, #$e 5ro5er#* ri'$#s of #$ose affe)#e4 #$ere8*1 ++A6AO DA6G- 4oes no# for8i4, 8u# merel* re'ula#es, #$e e7er)ise 8* $ar8or 5ilo#s of #$eir 5rofession in ++ASs juris4i)#ional area1 ISSUE#
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique 2! BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
($e#$er or no# #$e )ir)ulars are un)ons#i#u#ional .ELD# +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 ++A6AO No1 DA6G- was issue4 in s#ar= 4isre'ar4 of res5on4en#sS ri'$# a'ains# 4e5ri/a#ion of 5ro5er#* wi#$ou# 4ue 5ro)ess of law1 Se)#ion 9 of #$e Bill of Ri'$#s la*s 4own w$a# is =nown as #$e ;:u( +*oc(,, clau,(; of #$e &ons#i#u#ion, vi61?
Se)1 91 No 5erson s$all 8e 4e5ri/e4 of life, li8er#*, or 5ro5er#* wi#$ou# 4ue 5ro)ess of law1
Uni#e4 ar8or +ilo#s Asso)ia#ion 2ues#ione4 ++A6AO No1 DA6G- no less #$an four #imes 8efore #$e ma##er was finall* ele/a#e4 #o #$e S&1 T$eir ar'umen#s on #$is s)ore, $owe/er, fail #o 5ersua4e1 ($ile res5on4en#s em5$asi3e #$a# #$e +$ili55ine &oas# Guar4, Kw$i)$ issues #$e li)enses of 5ilo#s af#er a4minis#erin' #$e 5ilo#sS e7amina#ions,K was no# )onsul#e4, #$e fa)#s s$ow #$a# #$e MAR!NA, w$i)$ #oo= o/er #$e li)ensin' fun)#ion of #$e +$ili55ine &oas# Guar4, was 4ul* re5resen#e4 in #$e Boar4 of Dire)#ors of #$e ++A1 T>u, +(titio)(*, co**(ctly a*7u(: t>at t>(*( 4(i)7 )o <att(*, of )aval :(f(),( i)volv(: i) t>( i,,ua)c( of t>( a:<i)i,t*ativ( o*:(* t>( P>ili++i)( Coa,t 'ua*: )((: )ot 4( co),ult(:$ A, a 7()(*al *ul( )otic( a): >(a*i)7 a, t>( fu):a<()tal *(9ui*(<()t, of +*oc(:u*al :u( +*oc(,, a*( (,,()tial o)ly w>() a) a:<i)i,t*ativ( 4o:y (@(*ci,(, it, quasi/judicial fu)ctio)$ I) t>( +(*fo*<a)c( of it, (@(cutiv( o* l(7i,lativ( fu)ctio), ,uc> a, i,,ui)7 *ul(, a): *(7ulatio), a) a:<i)i,t*ativ( 4o:y )((: )ot co<+ly wit> t>( *(9ui*(<()t, of )otic( a): >(a*i)7$ Pilota7( a, a +*of(,,io) >a, taH() o) t>( )atu*( of a +*o+(*ty *i7>t$ +ilo#a'e, jus# li=e o#$er 5rofessions, ma* 8e 5ra)#i)e4 onl* 8* 4ul* li)ense4 in4i/i4uals1 Li)ensure is K#$e 'ran#in' of li)ense es5e)iall* #o 5ra)#i)e a 5rofession1K !# is also K#$e s*s#em of 'ran#in' li)enses ,as for 5rofessional 5ra)#i)e0 in a))or4an)e wi#$ es#a8lis$men# s#an4ar4s1K A li)ense is a ri'$# or 5ermission 'ran#e4 8* some )om5e#en# au#$ori#* #o )arr* on a 8usiness or 4o an a)# w$i)$, wi#$ou# su)$ li)ense, woul4 8e ille'al1 T$eir li)ense is 'ran#e4 in #$e form of an a55oin#men# w$i)$ allows #$em #o en'a'e in 5ilo#a'e un#il #$e* re#ire a# #$e a'e CD *ears1 T$is is a v(,t(: *i7>t1 It i, *(a:ily a++a*()t t>at PPA6AO No$ 306 B2 u):uly *(,t*ict, t>( *i7>t of >a*4o* +ilot, to ()Goy t>(i* +*of(,,io) 4(fo*( t>(i* co<+ul,o*y *(ti*(<()t$ I) t>( +a,t t>(y ()Goy(: a <(a,u*( of ,(cu*ity H)owi)7 t>at aft(* +a,,i)7 fiv( (@a<i)atio), a): u):(*7oi)7 y(a*, of o)6t>(6Go4 t*ai)i)7 t>(y woul: >av( a lic(),( w>ic> t>(y coul: u,( u)til t>(i* *(ti*(<()t u)l(,, ,oo)(* *(voH(: 4y t>( PPA fo* <()tal o* +>y,ical u)fit)(,,$ U):(* t>( )(w i,,ua)c( t>(y >av( to co)t(): wit> a) a))ual ca)c(llatio) of t>(i* lic(),( w>ic> ca) 4( t(<+o*a*y o* +(*<a)()t :(+():i)7 o) t>( outco<( of t>(i* +(*fo*<a)c( (valuatio)$ Ve#eran 5ilo#s an4 neo5$*#es ali=e are su44enl* )onfron#e4 wi#$ one6*ear #erms w$i)$ ipso acto e75ire a# #$e en4 of #$a# 5erio41 Renewal of #$eir li)ense is now 4e5en4en# on a Kri'i4 e/alua#ion of 5erforman)eK w$i)$ is )on4u)#e4 onl* af#er #$e li)ense $as alrea4* 8een )an)elle41 en)e, #$e use of #$e #erm Krenewal1K !# is #$is 5re6e/alua#ion )an)ella#ion w$i)$ 5rimaril* ma=es ++A6AO No1 DA6G- unreasona8le an4 )ons#i#u#ionall* infirm1 !n a real sense, i# is a 4e5ri/a#ion of 5ro5er#* wi#$ou# 4ue 5ro)ess of law1 COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE v. COURT OF APPEALS '$R$ No$ &&B1/& 2B Au7u,t &BB/ FIRST DIVISION 5Vitu7 J$8 Bhen an ad!inistrative rule is !erel% interpretative in nature& its applica#ilit% needs nothing Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique urther than its #are issuance or it gives no real conse(uence !ore than what the law itsel has Dela Cruz prescri#ed. 2" alread% But& when the ad!inistrative rule goes #e%ond !erel% providing or the !eans BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, that can SILVA acilitate or render least cu!#erso!e the i!ple!entation o the law #ut su#stantiall% adds to PULLANTE, or increases the #urden o those governed& it #ehooves the agenc% to accord at least to those directl% a ected a chance to #e heard& and therea ter to #e dul% in or!ed& #e ore that new issuance is given
T$e &ommissioner of !n#ernal Re/enue, manifes#e4 i# will )lassif* &$am5ion, o5e an4 More )i'are##e 8ran4s manufa)#ure4 8* .or#une To8a))o &or5ora#ion ,.or#une0 as forei'n 8ran4s1 A))or4in' #o #$e Borld /o#acco Director%, #$e same are lis#e4 as forei'n )om5anies1 owe/er, su8se2uen# #o #$is a)#ion, .or#une )$an'e4 #$e name of o5e #o N o5e Lu7ur*E an4 More #o N+remium MoreE effe)#i/el* remo/in' #$em from #$e forei'n 8ran4 )a#e'or*1 Re5u8li) A)# C;:A was ena)#e4 amen4in' 5ro/isions of #$e Na#ional !n#ernal Re/enue &o4e ,N!R&01 A))or4in'l*?
Se)1 9A-1 &i'ars an4 &i'are##es1 6 777 ,)0 &i'are##es 5a)=e4 8* ma)$ine1 6 T$ere s$all 8e le/ie4, assesse4 an4 )olle)#e4 on )i'are##es 5a)=e4 8* ma)$ine a #a7 a# #$e ra#es 5res)ri8e4 8elow 8ase4 on #$e )ons#ru)#i/e manufa)#urerSs w$olesale 5ri)e or #$e a)#ual manufa)#urerSs w$olesale 5ri)e, w$i)$e/er is $i'$er? ,90 On lo)all* manufa)#ure4 )i'are##es w$i)$ are currentl% classi ied and taxed at i t%- ive percent *==J, or #$e e75or#a#ion of w$i)$ is no# au#$ori3e4 8* )on#ra)# or o#$erwise, fif#*6fi/e ,::T0 5ro/i4e4 #$a# #$e minimum #a7 s$all no# 8e less #$an .i/e +esos ,+:1DD0 5er 5a)=1 ,-0 On other locall% !anu actured cigarettes& ort%- ive percent *I=J, 5ro/i4e4 #$a# #$e minimum #a7 s$all no# 8e less #$an T$ree +esos ,+>1DD0 5er 5a)=1
T$e Bureau of !n#ernal Re/enue issue4 Memoran4um &ir)ular No1 >C6G> ,RM& >C6G>0 w$i)$ re)lassifies )i'are##es1 T$us, More, o5e, an4 &$am5ion are )lassifie4 as lo)all* manufa)#ure4 8earin' a forei'n 8ran4 su8je)# #o #$e ::T ad valore! #a7 on )i'are##es1 Su8se2uen#l*, #$e &ommission of !n#ernal Re/enue assesse4 .or#une To8a))o for an ad valore! #a7 4efi)ien)* of +G,:GB,>>A1DD1 .or#une a55eale41 owe/er, #$e &our# of Ta7 A55eals u5$el4 #$e 5osi#ion of .or#une an4 a4ju4'e4 #$a# #$e re)lassifi)a#ion of &$am5ion, o5e an4 More were 4efe)#i/e 'i/en #$a# #$e* were no# )urren#l* )lassifie4 an4 #a7e4 a# ::T 5ursuan# #o Se)#ion 99A-,)0,90 of #$e Ta7 &o4e, as amen4e4 8* R1A1 No1 C;:A1 en)e, #$e 4efi)ien)* ad valore! #a7 assessmen# issue4 on .or#une was )an)elle4 for la)= of le'al 8asis1 ISSUE# 91 ($e#$er or no# no#i)e an4 $earin' are ne)essar* 8efore RM& >C6G> )an 8e ena)#e4 -1 ($e#$er or no# RM& >C6G> s$oul4 8e 5u8lis$e4 8efore i# #a=es effe)# .ELD# +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 A le'isla#i/e rule is in #$e na#ure of su8or4ina#e le'isla#ion, 4esi'ne4 #o im5lemen# a 5rimar* le'isla#ion 8* 5ro/i4in' #$e 4e#ails #$ereof1 !n #$e same wa* #$a# laws mus# $a/e #$e 8enefi# of 5u8li) $earin', i# is 'enerall* re2uire4 #$a# 8efore a le'isla#i/e rule is a4o5#e4 #$ere mus# 8e $earin'1 On #$e o#$er $an4, in#er5re#a#i/e rules are 4esi'ne4 #o 5ro/i4e 'ui4elines #o #$e law w$i)$ #$e a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)* is in )$ar'e of enfor)in'1 !# is well6se##le4 in our juris4i)#ion #$a# w>() a) a:<i)i,t*ativ( *ul( i, <(*(ly i)t(*+*(tativ( i) )atu*( it, a++lica4ility )((:, )ot>i)7 fu*t>(* t>a) it, 4a*( i,,ua)c( fo* it 7iv(, )o *(al co),(9u()c( <o*( t>a) w>at t>( law it,(lf >a, al*(a:y
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique 2# BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
+*(,c*i4(:$ !ut w>() t>( a:<i)i,t*ativ( *ul( 7o(, 4(yo): <(*(ly +*ovi:i)7 fo* t>( <(a), t>at ca) facilitat( o* *():(* l(a,t cu<4(*,o<( t>( i<+l(<()tatio) of t>( law 4ut ,u4,ta)tially a::, to o* i)c*(a,(, t>( 4u*:() of t>o,( 7ov(*)(: it 4(>oov(, t>( a7()cy to acco*: at l(a,t to t>o,( :i*(ctly aff(ct(: a c>a)c( to 4( >(a*: a): t>(*(aft(* to 4( :uly i)fo*<(: 4(fo*( t>at )(w i,,ua)c( i, 7iv() t>( fo*c( a): (ff(ct of law$ T$e S& foun4 #$a# RM& >C6G> )anno# 8e /iewe4 as sim5l* a )orre)#i/e measure1 T$e B!R 4i4 no# sim5l* in#er5re# #$e law@ /eril*, i# le'isla#e4 un4er i#s 2uasi6le'isla#i/e au#$ori#*1 T$e 4ue o8ser/an)e of #$e re2uiremen#s of no#i)e, of $earin', an4 of 5u8li)a#ion s$oul4 no# $a/e 8een #$en i'nore41
JOSE D$ LINA J*$ v$ ISIDRO D$ CARINO 5S(c*(ta*y of E:ucatio) Cultu*( a): S+o*t,8 '$R$ No$ &33&21 2A A+*il &BBA EN BANC 5F(licia)o J.8 A ter care ul exa!ination o the provisions o #oth P.D. -o. I=; and BP. Blg. 8F8& the Court considers that the legal authorit% o respondent DEC4 4ecretar% to set !axi!u! per!issi#le rates or levels o tuition and other school ees& and to issue guidelines or the i!position and collection thereo & li.e DEC4 $rder -o. F<& !ust #e sustained. Se)1 !si4ro D1 &ariJo, Se)re#ar* of #$e De5ar#men# of E4u)a#ion, &ul#ure L S5or#s ,DE&S0, issue4 DE&S Or4er No1 >D en#i#le4 KGui4elines on Tui#ion an4<or o#$er S)$ool .ees in +ri/a#e S)$ools, &olle'es an4 Uni/ersi#ies for S)$ool Year 9GG969GG-1K T$e or4er allows 5ri/a#e s)$ools #o in)rease #ui#ion an4 o#$er s)$ool fees, su8je)# #o #$e 'ui4elines #$ere se# ou#1 Lina 4enies #$e le'al au#$ori#* of Se)1 &ariJo #o issue DECS O*:(* No$ A31 !# is $is )on#en#ion #$a# res5on4en# Se)re#ar* a# #$e #ime of issuin' DE&S Or4er No1 >D, no lon'er 5ossesse4 le'al au#$ori#* #o 4o so, )onsi4erin' #$a# au#$ori#* #o 5romul'a#e rules an4 re'ula#ions rela#in' #o #$e im5osi#ion of s)$ool fees $a4 8een #ransferre4 #o #$e S#a#e Assis#an)e &oun)il ,KSA&K0 8* R(+u4lic Act No$ /12C1 Lina also )on#en4s #$a# DE&S Or4er No1 >D is in)onsis#en# wi#$ Se)#ion 9D of R1A1 No1 ;C-B1 !n DE&S Or4er No1 >D ,Se)#ion 9 Q4R, su5ra0, res5on4en# Se)re#ar* e7em5#e4 in)reases in s)$ool fees o#$er #$an #ui#ion fee ,or Ko#$er s)$ool feesK as 4is#in'uis$e4 from K#ui#ion feeK0 from a55li)a#ion of #$e )onsul#a#ion re2uiremen#1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# DE&S Se)re#ar* $as #$e le'al au#$ori#* #o issue DE&S Or4er No1>D .ELD# +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 As earl* as 9G9C, #$e 5ower #o ins5e)# 5ri/a#e s)$ools, #o re'ula#e #$eir a)#i/i#ies, #o 'i/e #$em offi)ial 5ermi#s #o o5era#e un4er )er#ain )on4i#ions an4 #o re/o=e su)$ 5ermi#s for )ause was 'ran#e4 #o #$e #$en Se)re#ar* of +u8li) !ns#ru)#ion 8* A)# No1 -CD; as amen4e41 Re5u8li) A)# No1 ;9>G, 5ro/i4e4 for #$e re'ula#ion of #ui#ion an4 o#$er fees )$ar'e4 8* 5ri/a#e s)$ools in or4er #o 4is)oura'e #$e )olle)#ion of e7or8i#an# an4 unreasona8le fees1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique 2$ BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
Af#er )areful e7amina#ion of #$e 5ro/isions of 8o#$ +1D1 No1 A:9 an4 B+1 Bl'1 ->-, #$e &our# )onsi4ers #$a# #$e le'al au#$ori#* of res5on4en# DE&S Se)re#ar* #o se# ma7imum 5ermissi8le ra#es or le/els of #ui#ion an4 o#$er s)$ool fees, an4 #o issue 'ui4elines for #$e im5osi#ion an4 )olle)#ion #$ereof, li=e DE&S Or4er No1 >D, mus# 8e sus#aine41 An e7amina#ion of #$e 5re)ise lan'ua'e of Se)#ion A- of B1+1 Bl'1 ->- s$ows #$a# #$ere is reall* no#$in' in Se)#ion A- w$i)$ mus# 8e rea4 as elimina#in' #$e 5ower of #$e DE&S Se)re#ar* in res5e)# of #$e fi7in' of ma7imum #ui#ion an4 o#$er s)$ool fees /es#e4 in $im 8* +1D1 No1 A:91 Un4er Se)#ion A-, a 5ri/a#e s)$ool ma* 4e#ermine for i#self in #$e firs# ins#an)e #$e ra#e of #ui#ion an4 o#$er s)$ool fees or )$ar'es #$a# i# 4eems a55ro5ria#e1 Su)$ 4e#ermina#ion 8* #$e 5ri/a#e s)$ool is no#, $owe/er, 8in4in' an4 )on)lusi/e as a'ains# #$e se)re#ar* of E4u)a#ion, &ul#ure an4 S5or#s1 T$e ra#es an4 )$ar'es a4o5#e4 8* su)$ 5ri/a#e s)$ool Ks$all 8e )olle)#i8le, an4 #$eir a55li)a#ion or use au#$ori3e4K 5ro/i4e4 #$a# su)$ ra#es an4 )$ar'es are in a))or4 wi#$ rules an4 re'ula#ions 5romul'a#e4 8* #$e DE&S1
.OLY SPIRIT .OMEOWNERS ASSOCIATION INC$ a): NESTORIO F$ APOLINARIO 5P*(,i:()t of .oly S+i*it .o<(ow)(*, A,,ociatio) I)c$8 v1 SECRETARY MIC.AEL DEFENSOR 5C>ai*<a) of t>( .ou,i)7 a): U*4a) D(v(lo+<()t Coo*:i)ati)7 Cou)cil 5.UDCC88 (t al$ '$R$ No$ &/ABC3 A Au7u,t 233/ EN BANC 5Ti)7a J.8 A direct invocation o the Court:s original ?urisdiction to issue these writs should #e allowed onl% when there are special and i!portant reasons there or& clearl% and speci icall% set out in the petition. /he Court has #een consistent that it will not entertain direct resort to it unless the redress desired cannot #e o#tained in the appropriate courts& and exceptional and co!pelling circu!stances& such as cases o national interest and o serious i!plications& ?usti % the avail!ent o the extraordinar% re!ed% o writ o certiorari& calling or the exercise o its pri!ar% ?urisdiction. A perusal& however& o the petition or prohi#ition shows no co!pelling& special or ol* S5iri# omeowners Asso)ia#ion, !n)1 ,Asso)ia#ion0 is a $omeowners asso)ia#ion from #$e (es# Si4e of #$e Na#ional Go/ernmen# &en#er ,NG&01 T$e* file4 #$e 5e#i#ion for 5ro$i8i#ion, wi#$ 5ra*er for #$e issuan)e of a #em5orar* res#rainin' or4er #o 5re/en# res5on4en#s from enfor)in' #$e im5lemen#in' rules an4 re'ula#ions ,!RR0 of Re5u8li) A)# No1 G-DC, o#$erwise =nown as #$e HNa#ional Go/ernmen# &en#er ,NG&0 ousin' an4 Lan4 U#ili3a#ion A)# of -DD>I )laimin' #$a# i# was )on#rar* #o #$e 5ro/isions of #$e law w$i)$ i# see=s #o im5lemen#1 T$e OSG )laims #$a# #$e ins#an# 5e#i#ion for 5ro$i8i#ion is an im5ro5er reme4* 8e)ause #$e wri# of 5ro$i8i#ion 4oes no# lie a'ains# #$e e7er)ise of a 2uasi6le'isla#i/e fun)#ion1 Sin)e in issuin' #$e 2ues#ione4 !RR of R1A1 No1 G-DC, #$e &ommi##ee was no# e7er)isin' ju4i)ial, 2uasi6ju4i)ial or minis#erial fun)#ion, w$i)$ is #$e s)o5e of a 5e#i#ion for 5ro$i8i#ion, #$e ins#an# 5ro$i8i#ion s$oul4 8e 4ismisse4 ou#ri'$#, #$e OSG )on#en4s1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e !RR issue4 8* #$e Na#ional Go/ernmen# &en#er A4minis#ra#ion &ommi##ee is in/ali4 .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique 2% BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
A4minis#ra#i/e a'en)ies 5ossess 2uasi6le'isla#i/e or rule6ma=in' 5owers an4 2uasi6ju4i)ial or a4minis#ra#i/e a4ju4i)a#or* 5owers1 Muasi6le'isla#i/e or rule6ma=in' 5ower is #$e 5ower #o ma=e rules an4 re'ula#ions w$i)$ resul#s in 4ele'a#e4 le'isla#ion #$a# is wi#$in #$e )onfines of #$e 'ran#in' s#a#u#e an4 #$e 4o)#rine of non64ele'a8ili#* an4 se5ara8ili#* of 5owers1 !n 2ues#ionin' #$e /ali4i#* or )ons#i#u#ionali#* of a rule or re'ula#ion issue4 8* an a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)*, a 5ar#* nee4 no# e7$aus# a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies 8efore 'oin' #o )our#1 T$is 5rin)i5le, $owe/er, a55lies onl* w$ere #$e a)# of #$e a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)* )on)erne4 was 5erforme4 5ursuan# #o i#s 2uasi6 ju4i)ial fun)#ion, an4 no# w$en #$e assaile4 a)# 5er#aine4 #o i#s rule6ma=in' or 2uasi6le'isla#i/e 5ower1 T$e assaile4 !RR was issue4 5ursuan# #o #$e 2uasi6le'isla#i/e 5ower of #$e &ommi##ee e75ressl* au#$ori3e4 8* R1A1 No1 G-DC1 ($ere w$a# is assaile4 is #$e /ali4i#* or )ons#i#u#ionali#* of a rule or re'ula#ion issue4 8* #$e a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)* in #$e 5erforman)e of i#s 2uasi6le'isla#i/e fun)#ion, #$e re'ular )our#s $a/e juris4i)#ion #o 5ass u5on #$e same1 Sin)e #$e re'ular )our#s $a/e juris4i)#ion #o 5ass u5on #$e /ali4i#* of #$e assaile4 !RR issue4 8* #$e &ommi##ee in #$e e7er)ise of i#s 2uasi6le'isla#i/e 5ower, #$e ju4i)ial )ourse #o assail i#s /ali4i#* mus# follow #$e 4o)#rine of $ierar)$* of )our#s1 Al#$ou'$ #$e Su5reme &our#, &our# of A55eals an4 #$e Re'ional Trial &our#s $a/e )on)urren# juris4i)#ion #o issue wri#s of certiorari, 5ro$i8i#ion, !anda!us, (uo warranto, ha#eas corpus an4 injun)#ion, su)$ )on)urren)e 4oes no# 'i/e #$e 5e#i#ioner unres#ri)#e4 free4om of )$oi)e of )our# forum1 A 4ire)# in/o)a#ion of #$e &our#Es ori'inal juris4i)#ion #o issue #$ese wri#s s$oul4 8e allowe4 onl* w$en #$ere are s5e)ial an4 im5or#an# reasons #$erefor, )learl* an4 s5e)ifi)all* se# ou# in #$e 5e#i#ion1 T$e &our# $as 8een )onsis#en# #$a# i# will no# en#er#ain 4ire)# resor# #o i# unless #$e re4ress 4esire4 )anno# 8e o8#aine4 in #$e a55ro5ria#e )our#s, an4 e7)e5#ional an4 )om5ellin' )ir)ums#an)es, su)$ as )ases of na#ional in#eres# an4 of serious im5li)a#ions, jus#if* #$e a/ailmen# of #$e e7#raor4inar* reme4* of wri# of )er#iorari, )allin' for #$e e7er)ise of i#s 5rimar* juris4i)#ion1 A 5erusal, $owe/er, of #$e 5e#i#ion for 5ro$i8i#ion s$ows no )om5ellin', s5e)ial or im5or#an# reasons #o warran# #$e &our#Es #a=in' )o'ni3an)e of #$e 5e#i#ion in #$e firs# ins#an)e1 +e#i#ioner also faile4 #o s#a#e an* reason #$a# 5re)lu4es #$e lower )our#s from 5assin' u5on #$e /ali4i#* of #$e 2ues#ione4 !RR1 Moreo/er, as 5ro/i4e4 in Se)#ion :, Ar#i)le V!!! of #$e &ons#i#u#ion, #$e &our#Es 5ower #o e/alua#e #$e /ali4i#* of an im5lemen#in' rule or re'ula#ion is 'enerall* a55ella#e in na#ure1 T$us, followin' #$e 4o)#rine of $ierar)$* of )our#s, #$e ins#an# 5e#i#ion s$oul4 $a/e 8een ini#iall* file4 wi#$ #$e Re'ional Trial &our#1 !n a num8er of 5e#i#ions, #$e &our# a4e2ua#el* resol/e4 #$em on o#$er 'roun4s wi#$ou# a4ju4i)a#in' on #$e )ons#i#u#ionali#* issue w$en #$ere were no )om5ellin' reasons #o 5ass u5on #$e same1 !n li=e manner, #$e ins#an# 5e#i#ion ma* 8e 4ismisse4 8ase4 on #$e fore'oin' 5ro)e4ural 'roun4s1 Ye#, #$e &our# will no# s$ir= from i#s 4u#* #o rule on #$e meri#s of #$is 5e#i#ion #o fa)ili#a#e #$e s5ee4* resolu#ion of #$is )ase1 !n 5ro5er )ases, 5ro)e4ural rules ma* 8e rela7e4 or sus5en4e4 in #$e in#eres# of su8s#an#ial jus#i)e1 An4 #$e 5ower of #$e &our# #o e7)e5# a 5ar#i)ular )ase from i#s rules w$ene/er #$e 5ur5oses of jus#i)e re2uire i# )anno# 8e 2ues#ione41
!LAS F$ OPLE v. RU!EN D$ TORRES et al. '$R$ No$ &21/CD 2A July &BBC EN BANC 5Pu)o J.8 Ad!inistrative $rder -o. F<H is unconstitutional. 1t cannot #e si!plisticall% argued that A.$. -o. F<H !erel% i!ple!ents the Ad!inistrative Code o ;EH7. 1t esta#lishes or the irst ti!e a -ational Co!puteri6ed 1denti ication "e erence 4%ste!. /he possi#ilities o a#use and !isuse o the P"-& #io!etrics and co!puter technolog% are accentuated when we consider that the individual lac.s control over what can #e read or placed on his 1D& !uch less veri % the correctness o the data
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique 2& BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
Blas O5le files #$is 5e#i#ion 5ra*in' #o in/ali4a#e A:<i)i,t*ativ( O*:(* No$ A3C ,HA4o5#ion of a Na#ional &om5u#eri3e4 !4en#ifi)a#ion Referen)e S*s#emI01 A))or4in' #o O5le, #$e or4er mus# 8e $el4 un)ons#i#u#ional for - reasons? 91 !# is a usur5a#ion of #$e 5ower of &on'ress #o le'isla#e@ an4 -1 !# im5ermissi8l* in#ru4es on our )i#i3enr*Ss 5ro#e)#e4 3one of 5ri/a)*1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# A4minis#ra#i/e Or4er No1 >DB is un)ons#i#u#ional .ELD# +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 A4minis#ra#i/e Or4er No1 >DB is un)ons#i#u#ional1 !# )anno# 8e sim5lis#i)all* ar'ue4 #$a# A1O1 No1 >DB merel* im5lemen#s #$e A4minis#ra#i/e &o4e of 9GBC1 !# es#a8lis$es for #$e firs# #ime a Na#ional &om5u#eri3e4 !4en#ifi)a#ion Referen)e S*s#em1 Su)$ a S*s#em re2uires a 4eli)a#e a4jus#men# of /arious )on#en4in' s#a#e 5oli)ies U #$e 5rima)* of na#ional se)uri#*, #$e e7#en# of 5ri/a)* in#eres# a'ains# 4ossier6'a#$erin' 8* 'o/ernmen#, #$e )$oi)e of 5oli)ies, e#)1 !n4ee4, #$e 4issen# of Mr1 %us#i)e Men4o3a s#a#es #$a# #$e A1O1 No1 >DB in/ol/es #$e all6im5or#an# free4om of #$ou'$#1 ($a# is more is #$a# Un4er A1O1 No1 >DB, a )i#i3en )anno# #ransa)# 8usiness wi#$ 'o/ernmen# a'en)ies 4eli/erin' 8asi) ser/i)es #o #$e 5eo5le wi#$ou# #$e )on#em5la#e4 i4en#ifi)a#ion )ar41 No )i#i3en will refuse #o 'e# #$is i4en#ifi)a#ion )ar4 for no one )an a/oi4 4ealin' wi#$ 'o/ernmen#1 !# is #$us )lear as 4a*li'$# #$a# wi#$ou# #$e !D, a )i#i3en will $a/e 4iffi)ul#* e7er)isin' $is ri'$#s an4 enjo*in' $is 5ri/ile'es1 Gi/en #$is reali#*, #$e )on#en#ion #$a# A1O1 No1 >DB 'i/es no ri'$# an4 im5oses no 4u#* )anno# s#an41 T$e ri'$# #o 5ri/a)* is a fun4amen#al ri'$# 'uaran#ee4 8* #$e &ons#i#u#ion, $en)e, i# is #$e 8ur4en of 'o/ernmen# #o s$ow #$a# A1O1 No1 >DB is jus#ifie4 8* some )om5ellin' s#a#e in#eres# an4 #$a# i# is narrowl* 4rawn1 A1O1 No1 >DB is 5re4i)a#e4 on #wo )onsi4era#ions? ,90 #$e nee4 #o 5ro/i4e our )i#i3ens an4 forei'ners wi#$ #$e fa)ili#* #o )on/enien#l* #ransa)# 8usiness wi#$ 8asi) ser/i)e an4 so)ial se)uri#* 5ro/i4ers an4 o#$er 'o/ernmen# ins#rumen#ali#ies an4 ,-0 #$e nee4 #o re4u)e, if no# #o#all* era4i)a#e, frau4ulen# #ransa)#ions an4 misre5resen#a#ions 8* 5ersons see=in' 8asi) ser/i)es1 !# is 4e8a#a8le w$e#$er #$ese in#eres#s are )om5ellin' enou'$ #o warran# #$e issuan)e of A1O1 No1 >DB1 Bu# w$a# is no# ar'ua8le is #$e 8roa4ness, #$e /a'ueness, #$e o/er8rea4#$ of A1O1 No1 >DB w$i)$ if im5lemen#e4 will 5u# our 5eo5leSs ri'$# #o 5ri/a)* in )lear an4 5resen# 4an'er1 T$e $ear# of A1O1 No1 >DB lies in i#s Se)#ion A w$i)$ 5ro/i4es for a +o5ula#ion Referen)e Num8er ,+RN0 as a K)ommon referen)e num8er #o es#a8lis$ a lin=a'e amon' )on)erne4 a'en)iesK #$rou'$ #$e use of KBiome#ri)s Te)$nolo'*K an4 K)om5u#er a55li)a#ion 4esi'ns1K A1O1 No1 >DB s$oul4 also raise our an#ennas for a fur#$er loo= will s$ow #$a# i# 4oes no# s#a#e w$e#$er en)o4in' of 4a#a is limi#e4 #o 8iolo'i)al informa#ion alone for i4en#ifi)a#ion 5ur5oses1 (ell #o no#e, #$e )om5u#er lin=a'e 'i/es o#$er 'o/ernmen# a'en)ies a))ess #o #$e informa#ion1 Ye#, #$ere are no )on#rols #o 'uar4 a'ains# lea=a'e of informa#ion1 ($en #$e a))ess )o4e of #$e )on#rol 5ro'rams of #$e 5ar#i)ular )om5u#er s*s#em is 8ro=en, an in#ru4er, wi#$ou# fear of san)#ion or 5enal#*, )an ma=e use of #$e 4a#a for w$a#e/er 5ur5ose, or worse, mani5ula#e #$e 4a#a s#ore4 wi#$in #$e s*s#em1 !# is 5lain an4 we $ol4 #$a# A1O1 No1 >DB falls s$or# of assurin' #$a# 5ersonal informa#ion w$i)$ will 8e 'a#$ere4 a8ou# our 5eo5le will onl* 8e 5ro)esse4 for une2ui/o)all* s5e)ifie4 5ur5oses1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique 3' BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
T>( lacH of +*o+(* ,af(7ua*:, i) t>i, *(7a*: of A$O$ No$ A3C <ay i)t(*f(*( wit> t>( i):ivi:ualE, li4(*ty of a4o:( a): t*av(l 4y ()a4li)7 aut>o*iti(, to t*acH :ow) >i, <ov(<()tO it <ay al,o ()a4l( u),c*u+ulou, +(*,o), to acc(,, co)fi:()tial i)fo*<atio) a): ci*cu<v()t t>( *i7>t a7ai),t ,(lf6i)c*i<i)atio)O it <ay +av( t>( way fo* ;fi,>i)7 (@+(:itio),; 4y 7ov(*)<()t aut>o*iti(, a): (va:( t>( *i7>t a7ai),t u)*(a,o)a4l( ,(a*c>(, a): ,(i?u*(,$ T>( +o,,i4iliti(, of a4u,( a): <i,u,( of t>( PRN 4io<(t*ic, a): co<+ut(* t(c>)olo7y a*( acc()tuat(: w>() w( co),i:(* t>at t>( i):ivi:ual lacH, co)t*ol ov(* w>at ca) 4( *(a: o* +lac(: o) >i, ID <uc> l(,, v(*ify t>( co**(ct)(,, of t>( :ata ()co:(:$ T>(y t>*(at() t>( v(*y a4u,(, t>at t>( !ill of Ri7>t, ,((H, to +*(v()t$ FILUSAN' MAYO UNO et al. v. T.E DIRECTOR6'ENERAL of t>( Natio)al Eco)o<ic D(v(lo+<()t Aut>o*ity et al. '$R$ No$ &/11BC &B A+*il 233/ En Banc 5Ca*+io J.8 9nder his constitutional power o control& the President can direct all govern!ent entities& in the exercise o their unctions under existing laws& to adopt a uni or! 1D data collection and 1D or!at to achieve savings& e icienc%& relia#ilit%& co!pati#ilit%& and convenience to the pu#lic. /he President:s constitutional power o control is sel -executing and does not need an% i!ple!enting legislation.
+resi4en# Gloria Ma)a5a'al6Arro*o issue4 E7e)u#i/e Or4er No1 A-D ,E1O1 A-D0, re2uirin' all 'o/ernmen# a'en)ies an4 'o/ernmen#6owne4 an4 )on#rolle4 )or5ora#ions #o a4o5# a uniform 4a#a )olle)#ion an4 forma# for #$eir e7is#in' i4en#ifi)a#ion ,!D0 s*s#ems1 T$e law see=s #o )onsoli4a#e #$e e7is#in' i4en#ifi)a#ion s*s#ems of 4ifferen# 'o/ernmen# a'en)ies in#o one mul#i5ur5ose !1D1 #$ere8* re4u)in' in)on/enien)e #o #$e 5u8li) in #$eir #ransa)#ions wi#$ #$e 'o/ernmen#1 T$e 5ro5ose4 uniform !1D1 re2uires #$e followin' s5e)ifi) 4a#a? ,90 name@ ,-0 $ome a44ress@ ,>0 se7@ ,A0 5i)#ure@ ,:0 si'na#ure@ ,;0 4a#e of 8ir#$@ ,C0 5la)e of 8ir#$@ ,B0 mari#al s#a#us@ ,G0 name of 5aren#s@ ,9D0 $ei'$#@ ,990 wei'$#@ ,9-0 #wo in4e7 fin'er5rin#s an4 #wo #$um8mar=s@ ,9>0 an* 5rominen# fea#ure, li=e a mole@ an4 ,9A0 Ta7 !4en#ifi)a#ion Num8er ,T!N01 +e#i#ioners assail #$e )ons#i#u#ionali#* of E1O1 A-D on #$e 'roun4s #$a# i# is a usur5a#ion of le'isla#i/e 5owers 8* #$e +resi4en# an4 i# infrin'es on #$e )i#i3enEs ri'$# #o 5ri/a)*1 ISSUE#
($e#$er or no# E1O1 A-D is un)ons#i#u#ional .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1 E1O1 A-D is an e7er)ise of E7e)u#i/e 5ower F #$e +resi4en#Es )ons#i#u#ional 5ower of )on#rol o/er #$e E7e)u#i/e 4e5ar#men# an4 also )om5lian)e 8* #$e +resi4en# of #$e )ons#i#u#ional 4u#* #o ensure #$a# #$e laws are fai#$full* e7e)u#e41 T$is is also =nown as #$e H fait>ful (@(cutio) clau,(1I !# mus# 8e no#e4 #$a# E1O1 A-D a55lies onl* #o 'o/ernmen# en#i#ies1 T$ese en#i#ies are re2uire4 #o a4o5# a uniform 4a#a )olle)#ion an4 forma# for #$eir !Ds in or4er #o re4u)e )os#s, a)$ie/e effi)ien)* an4 relia8ili#*, insure )om5a#i8ili#*, an4 5ro/i4e )on/enien)e #o #$e 5eo5le ser/e4 8* 'o/ernmen# en#i#ies1 A unifie4 !D s*s#em for all #$ese 'o/ernmen# en#i#ies )an 8e a)$ie/e4 in ei#$er of #wo wa*s? 91 #$e $ea4s of #$ese e7is#in' 'o/ernmen# en#i#ies )an en#er in#o a memoran4um of a'reemen# ma=in' #$eir s*s#ems uniform1 !f #$e 'o/ernmen# en#i#ies )an in4i/i4uall* a4o5# a forma# for #$eir own !D 5ursuan# #o #$eir re'ular fun)#ions un4er e7is#in' laws, #$e* )an also a4o5# 8* mu#ual a'reemen# a uniform !D forma#1 T$is is 5urel* an a4minis#ra#i/e ma##er, an4 4oes no# in/ol/e #$e e7er)ise of le'isla#i/e 5ower1 -1 #$e +resi4en# ma* 8* e7e)u#i/e or a4minis#ra#i/e or4er 4ire)# #$e 'o/ernmen# en#i#ies un4er #$e E7e)u#i/e 4e5ar#men# #o a4o5# a uniform !D 4a#a )olle)#ion an4 forma#1 Se)#ion 9C, Ar#i)le V!! of #$e &ons#i#u#ion 5ro/i4es #$a# #$e H+resi4en# s$all $a/e )on#rol of all e7e)u#i/e 4e5ar#men#s, 8ureaus an4 offi)es1I &er#ainl*, un4er #$is )ons#i#u#ional 5ower of )on#rol #$e +resi4en# )an 4ire)# all 'o/ernmen# en#i#ies, in #$e e7er)ise of #$eir fun)#ions un4er e7is#in' laws, #o a4o5# a uniform !D 4a#a )olle)#ion an4 !D forma# #o a)$ie/e sa/in's, effi)ien)*, relia8ili#*, )om5a#i8ili#*, an4 )on/enien)e #o #$e 5u8li)1 T$e +resi4en#Es )ons#i#u#ional 5ower of )on#rol is self6e7e)u#in' an4 4oes no# nee4 an* im5lemen#in' le'isla#ion1 Of )ourse, #$is is limi#e4 #o #$e E7e)u#i/e 8ran)$ of 'o/ernmen# an4 4oes no# e7#en4 #o #$e %u4i)iar* or #o #$e in4e5en4en# )ons#i#u#ional )ommissions1 Aft(* a +(*u,al of t>( o*:(* E$O$ 023 :o(, )ot (,ta4li,> a )atio)al ID ,y,t(< 4(cau,( l(7i,latio) i, )((:(: to (,ta4li,> a ,i)7l( ID ,y,t(< t>at i, co<+ul,o*y fo* all 4*a)c>(, of 7ov(*)<()t$ Se)1 9C, Ar#1 V!! also man4a#es #$e +resi4en# #o Hensure #$a# #$e laws 8e fai#$full* e7e)u#e41I T$e a4o5#ion of a uniform !D 4a#a )olle)#ion an4 forma# un4er E1O1 A-D is 4esi'ne4 #o re4u)e )os#s, in)rease effi)ien)*, an4 in 'eneral, im5ro/e 5u8li) ser/i)es1 T$us, in issuin' E1O1 A-D, #$e +resi4en# is sim5l* 5erformin' #$e )ons#i#u#ional 4u#* #o ensure #$a# #$e laws are fai#$full* e7e)u#e41 !n issuin' E1O1 A-D, #$e +resi4en# 4i4 no# ma=e, al#er or re5eal an*law 8u# merel* im5lemen#e4 an4 e7e)u#e4 e7is#in' laws1 ($a# re2uire le'isla#ion are #$ree as5e)#s of a 'o/ernmen# main#aine4 !D )ar4 s*s#em? ,90 w$en #$e im5lemen#a#ion of an !D )ar4 s*s#em re2uires a s5e)ial a55ro5ria#ion 8e)ause #$ere is no e7is#in' a55ro5ria#ion for su)$ 5ur5ose@ ,-0 w$en #$e !D )ar4 s*s#em is )om5ulsor* on all 8ran)$es of 'o/ernmen#, in)lu4in' #$e in4e5en4en# )ons#i#u#ional )ommissions, as well as )om5ulsor* on all )i#i3ens w$e#$er #$e* $a/e a use for #$e !D )ar4 or no#@ an4 ,>0 w$en #$e !D )ar4 s*s#em re2uires #$e )olle)#ion an4 re)or4in' of 5ersonal 4a#a 8e*on4 w$a# is rou#inel* or usuall* re2uire4 for su)$ 5ur5ose, su)$ #$a# #$e )i#i3enEs ri'$# #o 5ri/a)* is infrin'e41 E1O1 A-D 4oes no# re2uire an* s5e)ial a55ro5ria#ion 8e)ause #$e e7is#in' !D )ar4 s*s#ems of 'o/ernmen# en#i#ies )o/ere4 8* i# $a/e #$e 5ro5er a55ro5ria#ion or fun4in'1 E1O1 A-D is no# )om5ulsor* on all
8ran)$es of 'o/ernmen# an4 is no# )om5ulsor* on all )i#i3ens1 E1O1 A-D re2uires a /er* narrow an4 fo)use4 )olle)#ion an4 re)or4in' of 5ersonal 4a#a w$ile safe'uar4in' #$e )onfi4en#iali#* of su)$ 4a#a1 T>( *i7>t to +*ivacy :o(, )ot 4a* t>( a:o+tio) of *(a,o)a4l( ID ,y,t(<, 4y 7ov(*)<()t ()titi(,$ O5le /1 Torres is no# au#$ori#* #o $ol4 #$a# E1O1 A-D /iola#es #$e ri'$# #o 5ri/a)* 8e)ause in #$a# )ase #$e assaile4 e7e)u#i/e issuan)e, 8roa4l* 4rawn an4 4e/oi4 of safe'uar4s, was annulle4 solel* on #$e 'roun4 #$a# #$e su8je)# ma##er re2uire4 le'isla#ion1
A!AFADA 'URO PARTY LIST v$ .ON$ CESAR V$ PURISIMA 5IN .IS CAPACITY AS SECRETARY OF FINANCE8 et al$ '$R$ No$ &//1&D &0 Au7u,t 233C EN BANC 5Co*o)a J$8 E!plo%ees o the B1" and the B$C !a% #% law #e entitled to a reward when& as a conse(uence o their 6eal in the en orce!ent o tax and custo!s laws& the% exceed their revenue targets. 0owever& in exercising discretion to approve or disapprove the 1"" #ased on a deter!ination o whether or not the% con or!ed to the provisions o "A EFF=& Congress arrogated ?udicial power unto itsel & a power exclusivel% vested in this Court #% the Constitution. Legislative 5eto is a statutor% provision re(uiring the President or an ad!inistrative agenc% to present proposed i!ple!enting rules and regulations o a law to Congress& which #% itsel or R1A1 G>>: was ena)#e4 #o o5#imi3e #$e re/enue6'enera#ion )a5a8ili#* an4 )olle)#ion of #$e Bureau of !n#ernal Re/enue ,B!R0 an4 #$e Bureau of &us#oms ,BO&01 T$e law in#en4s #o en)oura'e B!R an4 BO& offi)ials an4 em5lo*ees #o e7)ee4 #$eir re/enue #ar'e#s 8* 5ro/i4in' a s*s#em of rewar4s an4 san)#ions #$rou'$ #$e )rea#ion of a Rewar4s an4 !n)en#i/es .un4 ,.un40 an4 a Re/enue +erforman)e E/alua#ion Boar4 ,Boar401 !# )o/ers all offi)ials an4 em5lo*ees of #$e B!R an4 #$e BO& wi#$ a# leas# si7 mon#$s of ser/i)e, re'ar4less of em5lo*men# s#a#us1 Ea)$ Boar4 $as #$e 4u#* #o 5res)ri8e #$e rules an4 'ui4elines for #$e allo)a#ion, 4is#ri8u#ion an4 release of #$e .un4 an4 su8mi# an annual re5or# #o &on'ress1 T$e law was 2ues#ione4 8* ABA"ADA GURO )on#en4in' #$a#, 8* es#a8lis$in' a s*s#em of rewar4s an4 in)en#i/es, #$e law H#ransformQsR #$e offi)ials an4 em5lo*ees of #$e B!R an4 #$e BO& in#o mer)enaries an4 8oun#* $un#ersI as #$e* will 4o #$eir 8es# onl* in )onsi4era#ion of su)$ rewar4s1 T$e* also assail #$e )rea#ion of a )on'ressional o/ersi'$# )ommi##ee on #$e 'roun4 #$a# i# /iola#es #$e 4o)#rine of se5ara#ion of 5owers1 ISSUE? ($e#$er or no# R1A1 G>>: 5ro/i4in' in)en#i/es #o offi)ials an4 em5lo*ees of B!R an4 BO& an4 5ro/i4in' for a &on'ressional O/ersi'$# &ommi##ee is un)ons#i#u#ional .ELD? +e#i#ion PARTIALLY 'RANTED1 T$e 5ro/ision )rea#in' a %oin# &on'ressional O/ersi'$# &ommi##ee #o a55ro/e #$e im5lemen#in' rules an4 re'ula#ions of #$e law is 4e)lare4 UNCONSTITUTIONAL w$ile #$e remainin' 5ro/isions are UP.ELD1 Se)#ion 9, Ar#i)le 99 of #$e &ons#i#u#ion s#a#es?
Se)1 91 +u8li) offi)e is a 5u8li) #rus#1 +u8li) offi)ers an4 em5lo*ees mus# a# all #imes 8e a))oun#a8le #o #$e 5eo5le, ser/e #$em wi#$ u#mos# res5onsi8ili#*, in#e'ri#*, lo*al#*, an4 effi)ien)*, a)# wi#$ 5a#rio#ism, an4 jus#i)e, an4 lea4 mo4es# li/es1 +u8li) offi)e is a 5u8li) #rus#1 !# mus# 8e 4is)$ar'e4 8* i#s $ol4er no# for $is own 5ersonal 'ain 8u# for #$e 8enefi# of #$e 5u8li) for w$om $e $ol4s i# in #rus#1 B* 4eman4in' a))oun#a8ili#* an4 ser/i)e wi#$ res5onsi8ili#*, in#e'ri#*, lo*al#*, effi)ien)*, 5a#rio#ism an4 jus#i)e, all 'o/ernmen# offi)ials an4 em5lo*ees $a/e #$e 4u#* #o 8e res5onsi/e #o #$e nee4s of #$e 5eo5le #$e* are )alle4 u5on #o ser/e1 +e#i#ionersE )laim #$a# #$e im5lemen#a#ion of RA G>>: will #urn B!R an4 BO& offi)ials an4 em5lo*ees in#o H8oun#* $un#ers an4 mer)enariesI is no# onl* wi#$ou# an* fa)#ual an4 le'al 8asis@ i# is also 5urel* s5e)ula#i/e1 A law ena)#e4 8* &on'ress enjo*s #$e s#ron' 5resum5#ion of )ons#i#u#ionali#*1 To jus#if* i#s nullifi)a#ion, #$ere mus# 8e a )lear an4 une2ui/o)al 8rea)$ of #$e &ons#i#u#ion, no# a 4ou8#ful an4 e2ui/o)al one1 To in/ali4a#e RA G>>: 8ase4 on 5e#i#ionersE 8aseless su55osi#ion is an affron# #o #$e wis4om no# onl* of #$e le'isla#ure #$a# 5asse4 i# 8u# also of #$e e7e)u#i/e w$i)$ a55ro/e4 i#1 !n #$e same /ein, em5lo*ees of #$e B!R an4 #$e BO& ma* 8* law 8e en#i#le4 #o a rewar4 w$en, as a )onse2uen)e of #$eir 3eal in #$e enfor)emen# of #a7 an4 )us#oms laws, #$e* e7)ee4 #$eir re/enue #ar'e#s1 !n a44i#ion, RA G>>: es#a8lis$es safe'uar4s #o ensure #$a# #$e rewar4 will no# 8e )laime4 if i# will 8e ei#$er #$e frui# of H8oun#* $un#in' or mer)enar* a)#i/i#*I or #$e 5ro4u)# of #$e irre'ular 5erforman)e of offi)ial 4u#ies1 Two #es#s 4e#ermine #$e /ali4i#* of 4ele'a#ion of le'isla#i/e 5ower? ,90 #$e )om5le#eness #es# an4 ,-0 #$e suffi)ien# s#an4ar4 #es#1 A law is )om5le#e w$en i# se#s for#$ #$erein #$e 5oli)* #o 8e e7e)u#e4, )arrie4 ou# or im5lemen#e4 8* #$e 4ele'a#e1 !# la*s 4own a suffi)ien# s#an4ar4 w$en i# 5ro/i4es a4e2ua#e 'ui4elines or limi#a#ions in #$e law #o ma5 ou# #$e 8oun4aries of #$e 4ele'a#eEs au#$ori#* an4 5re/en# #$e 4ele'a#ion from runnin' rio#1 To 8e suffi)ien#, #$e s#an4ar4 mus# s5e)if* #$e limi#s of #$e 4ele'a#eEs au#$ori#* announ)e #$e le'isla#i/e 5oli)* an4 i4en#if* #$e )on4i#ions un4er w$i)$ i# is #o 8e im5lemen#e41 T$is &our# $as re)o'ni3e4 #$e followin' as suffi)ien# s#an4ar4s? H5u8li) in#eres#,I Hjus#i)e an4 e2ui#*,I H5u8li) )on/enien)e an4 welfareI an4 Hsim5li)i#*, e)onom* an4 welfare1I !n #$is )ase, #$e 4e)lare4 5oli)* of o5#imi3a#ion of #$e re/enue6'enera#ion )a5a8ili#* an4 )olle)#ion of #$e B!R an4 #$e BO& is infuse4 wi#$ 5u8li) in#eres#1 &on'ress $as #wo o5#ions w$en ena)#in' le'isla#ion #o 4efine na#ional 5oli)* wi#$in #$e 8roa4 $ori3ons of i#s le'isla#i/e )om5e#en)e1 !# )an i#self formula#e #$e 4e#ails or i# )an assi'n #o #$e e7e)u#i/e 8ran)$ #$e res5onsi8ili#* for ma=in' ne)essar* mana'erial 4e)isions in )onformi#* wi#$ #$ose s#an4ar4s1 !n #$e la##er )ase, #$e law mus# 8e )om5le#e in all i#s essen#ial #erms an4 )on4i#ions w$en i# lea/es #$e $an4s of #$e le'isla#ure1 T$us, w$a# is lef# for #$e e7e)u#i/e 8ran)$ or #$e )on)erne4 a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)* w$en i# formula#es rules an4 re'ula#ions im5lemen#in' #$e law is #o fill u5 4e#ails ,su55lemen#ar* rule6ma=in'0 or as)er#ain fa)#s ne)essar* #o 8rin' #$e law in#o a)#ual o5era#ion ,)on#in'en# rule6ma=in'01 &on'ressional o/ersi'$# is no# un)ons#i#u#ional per se, meanin', i# nei#$er ne)essaril* )ons#i#u#es an en)roa)$men# on #$e e7e)u#i/e 5ower #o im5lemen# laws nor un4ermines #$e )ons#i#u#ional se5ara#ion of 5owers1 Ra#$er, i# is in#e'ral #o #$e )$e)=s an4 8alan)es in$eren# in a 4emo)ra#i) s*s#em of 'o/ernmen#1 !# ma* in fa)# e/en en$an)e #$e se5ara#ion of 5owers as i# 5re/en#s #$e o/er6a))umula#ion of 5ower in #$e e7e)u#i/e 8ran)$1 owe/er, #o fores#all #$e 4an'er of )on'ressional en)roa)$men# H8e*on4 #$e le'isla#i/e s5$ere,I #$e &ons#i#u#ion im5oses #wo 8asi) an4 rela#e4 )ons#rain#s on &on'ress1 ,90!# ma* no# /es# i#self, an* of i#s )ommi##ees or i#s mem8ers wi#$ ei#$er e7e)u#i/e or ju4i)ial 5ower1 ,-0An4, w$en i# e7er)ises i#s
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique 3! BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
le'isla#i/e 5ower, i# mus# follow #$e Hsin'le, finel* wrou'$# an4 e7$aus#i/el* )onsi4ere4, 5ro)e4uresI s5e)ifie4 un4er #$e &ons#i#u#ion, in)lu4in' #$e 5ro)e4ure for ena)#men# of laws an4 5resen#men#1 T$us, an* 5os#6ena)#men# )on'ressional measure su)$ as #$is s$oul4 8e limi#e4 #o s)ru#in* an4 in/es#i'a#ion1 !n 5ar#i)ular, )on'ressional o/ersi'$# mus# 8e )onfine4 #o #$e followin'? ,90 s)ru#in* 8ase4 5rimaril* on &on'ressE 5ower of a55ro5ria#ion an4 #$e 8u4'e# $earin's )on4u)#e4 in )onne)#ion wi#$ i#, i#s 5ower #o as= $ea4s of 4e5ar#men#s #o a55ear 8efore an4 8e $ear4 8* ei#$er of i#s ouses on an* ma##er 5er#ainin' #o #$eir 4e5ar#men#s an4 i#s 5ower of )onfirma#ion an4 ,-0 in/es#i'a#ion an4 moni#orin' of #$e im5lemen#a#ion of laws 5ursuan# #o #$e 5ower of &on'ress #o )on4u)# in2uiries in ai4 of le'isla#ion1 An* a)#ion or s#e5 8e*on4 #$a# will un4ermine #$e se5ara#ion of 5owers 'uaran#ee4 8* #$e &ons#i#u#ion1 Le'isla#i/e /e#oes fall in #$is )lass1 !# is a s#a#u#or* 5ro/ision re2uirin' #$e +resi4en# or an a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)* #o 5resen# #$e 5ro5ose4 im5lemen#in' rules an4 re'ula#ions of a law #o &on'ress w$i)$, 8* i#self or #$rou'$ a )ommi##ee forme4 8* i#, re#ains a Hri'$#I or H5owerI #o a55ro/e or 4isa55ro/e su)$ re'ula#ions 8efore #$e* #a=e effe)#1 As su)$, a le'isla#i/e /e#o in #$e form of a )on'ressional o/ersi'$# )ommi##ee is in #$e form of an inwar46#urnin' 4ele'a#ion 4esi'ne4 #o a##a)$ a )on'ressional leas$ ,o#$er #$an #$rou'$ s)ru#in* an4 in/es#i'a#ion0 #o an a'en)* #o w$i)$ &on'ress $as 8* law ini#iall* 4ele'a#e4 8roa4 5owers1 !# ra4i)all* )$an'es #$e 4esi'n or s#ru)#ure of #$e &ons#i#u#ionEs 4ia'ram of 5ower as i# en#rus#s #o &on'ress a 4ire)# role in enfor)in', a55l*in' or im5lemen#in' i#s own laws1 !n e7er)isin' 4is)re#ion #o a55ro/e or 4isa55ro/e #$e !RR 8ase4 on a 4e#ermina#ion of w$e#$er or no# #$e* )onforme4 #o #$e 5ro/isions of RA G>>:, &on'ress arro'a#e4 ju4i)ial 5ower un#o i#self, a 5ower e7)lusi/el* /es#e4 in #$is &our# 8* #$e &ons#i#u#ion1
.ON$ SECRETARY VINCENT S$ PEREL 5D(+a*t<()t of E)(*7y8 v. LP' REFILLERS ASSOCIATION OF T.E P.ILIPPINES INC$ '$R$ No$ &DB&0B 2/ Ju)( 233/ T.IRD DIVISION 5Kui,u<4i)7 J.8 )or an ad!inistrative regulation& such as the Circular in this case& to have the orce o penal law& *;, the violation o the ad!inistrative regulation !ust #e !ade a cri!e #% the delegating statute itsel A and *8, the penalt% or such violation !ust #e provided #% the statute itsel . /he rule cannot a!end& !odi %& or expand& the provisions o the law. Batas Pa!#ansa Blg. FF, as amen4e4, 5enali3es ille'al #ra4in', $oar4in', o/er5ri)in', a4ul#era#ion, un4er4eli/er*, an4 un4erfillin' of 5e#roleum 5ro4u)#s, as well as 5ossession for #ra4e of a4ul#era#e4 5e#roleum 5ro4u)#s an4 of un4erfille4 li2uefie4 5e#roleum 'as ,L+G0 )*lin4ers1 T$e sai4 law se#s #$e mone#ar* 5enal#* for /iola#ors #o a minimum of +-D,DDD an4 a ma7imum of +:D,DDD1 !n -DDD, Circular -o. 8<<<-<K-<;< was issue4 8* #$e De5ar#men# Of Ener'* #o im5lemen# B1+1 Bl'1 >>1 L+G Refillers Asso)ia#ion of #$e +$ili55ines, !n)1 ,L+G Refillers0 as=e4 #$e DOE #o se# asi4e #$e &ir)ular for 8ein' )on#rar* #o law1 T$e DOE, $owe/er, 4enie4 #$e re2ues# for la)= of meri#1 L+G Refillers #$en file4 a 5e#i#ion for 5ro$i8i#ion an4 annulmen# wi#$ 5ra*er for #em5orar* res#rainin' or4er an4<or wri# of 5reliminar* injun)#ion 8efore #$e #rial )our#1 Su8se2uen#l*, #$e #rial )our# nullifie4 #$e &ir)ular on #$e 'roun4 #$a# i# in#ro4u)e4 new offenses no# in)lu4e4 in #$e law1 T$e )our# in#ima#e4 #$a# #$e &ir)ular, in 5ro/i4in' 5enal#ies on a 5er )*lin4er 8asis for ea)$ /iola#ion, mi'$# e7)ee4 #$e ma7imum 5enal#* un4er #$e law1 T$e #rial )our# 4enie4 for la)= of meri# 5e#i#ionerEs mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique 3" BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e &ir)ular is null an4 /oi4 .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1 .or an a4minis#ra#i/e re'ula#ion, su)$ as #$e &ir)ular in #$is )ase, #o $a/e #$e for)e of 5enal law, ,90 #$e /iola#ion of #$e a4minis#ra#i/e re'ula#ion mus# 8e ma4e a )rime 8* #$e 4ele'a#in' s#a#u#e i#self@ an4 ,-0 #$e 5enal#* for su)$ /iola#ion mus# 8e 5ro/i4e4 8* #$e s#a#u#e i#self1 T$e &ir)ular sa#isfies #$e irst re2uiremen#1 B1+1 Bl'1 >>, as amen4e4, )riminali3es ille'al #ra4in', a4ul#era#ion, un4erfillin', $oar4in', an4 o/er5ri)in' of 5e#roleum 5ro4u)#s1 T$e &ir)ular lis#s #$e /arious mo4es 8* w$i)$ #$e sai4 )riminal a)#s ma* 8e 5er5e#ra#e4, namel*? no 5ri)e 4is5la* 8oar4, no wei'$in' s)ale, no #are wei'$# or in)orre)# #are wei'$# mar=in's, no au#$ori3e4 L+G seal, no #ra4e name, un8ran4e4 L+G )*lin4ers, no serial num8er, no 4is#in'uis$in' )olor, no em8osse4 i4en#if*in' mar=in's on )*lin4er, un4erfillin' L+G )*lin4ers, #am5erin' L+G )*lin4ers, an4 unau#$ori3e4 4e)an#in' of L+G )*lin4ers1 T$ese s5e)ifi) a)#s an4 omissions are o8/iousl* wi#$in #$e )on#em5la#ion of #$e law, w$i)$ see=s #o )ur8 #$e 5erni)ious 5ra)#i)es of some 5e#roleum mer)$an#s1 As for #$e second re2uiremen#, #$e &ir)ular is in a))or4 wi#$ #$e law1 Un4er B1+1 Bl'1 >>, as amen4e4, #$e mone#ar* 5enal#* for an* 5erson w$o )ommi#s an* of #$e a)#s afores#a#e4 is limi#e4 #o a minimum of +-D,DDD an4 a ma7imum of +:D,DDD1 Un4er #$e &ir)ular, #$e ma7imum 5e)uniar* 5enal#* for re#ail ou#le#s is +-D,DDD, an amoun# wi#$in #$e ran'e allowe4 8* law1 owe/er, for #$e refillers, mar=e#ers, an4 4ealers, #$e &ir)ular is silen# as #o an* ma7imum mone#ar* 5enal#*1 T$is mere silen)e, none#$eless, 4oes no# amoun# #o /iola#ion of #$e aforesai4 s#a#u#or* ma7imum limi#1 .ur#$er, #$e mere fa)# #$a# #$e &ir)ular 5ro/i4es 5enal#ies on a 5er )*lin4er 8asis 4oes no# in i#self run )oun#er #o #$e law sin)e all #$a# B1+1 Bl'1 >> 5res)ri8es are #$e minimum an4 #$e ma7imum limi#s of 5enal#ies1 &learl*, i# is B1+1 Bl'1 >>, as amen4e4, w$i)$ 4efines w$a# )ons#i#u#e 5unis$a8le a)#s in/ol/in' 5e#roleum 5ro4u)#s an4 w$i)$ se# #$e minimum an4 ma7imum limi#s for #$e )orres5on4in' 5enal#ies1 T$e &ir)ular merel* im5lemen#s #$e sai4 law, al8ei# i# is silen# on #$e ma7imum 5e)uniar* 5enal#* for refillers, mar=e#ers, an4 4ealers1 No#$in' in #$e &ir)ular )on#ra/enes #$e law1 No#ewor#$*, #$e ena8lin' laws on w$i)$ #$e &ir)ular is 8ase4 were s5e)ifi)all* in#en4e4 #o 5ro/i4e #$e DOE wi#$ in)rease4 a4minis#ra#i/e an4 5enal measures wi#$ w$i)$ #o effe)#i/el* )ur#ail ram5an# a4ul#era#ion an4 s$or#sellin', as well as o#$er a)#s in/ol/in' 5e#roleum 5ro4u)#s, w$i)$ are inimi)al #o 5u8li) in#eres#1 To nullif* #$e &ir)ular in #$is )ase woul4 8e #o ren4er inu#ile 'o/ernmen# effor#s #o 5ro#e)# #$e 'eneral )onsumin' 5u8li) a'ains# #$e nefarious 5ra)#i)es of some uns)ru5ulous L+G #ra4ers1
III$
Ju:icial Pow(*,
T.E PRESIDENTIAL ANTI6DOLLAR SALTIN' TASF FORCE v1 .ONORA!LE COURT OF APPEALS FARAMFIL IMPORT6E-PORT CO$ INC$ et al. '$R$ No$ CAD1C &/ Ma*c> &BCB EN BANC 5Sa*<i()to J.8
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique 3# BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
A (uasi-?udicial #od% has #een de ined as an organ o govern!ent other than a court and other than a legislature& which a ects the rights o private parties through either ad?udication or rule !a.ing. 1 the Presidential Anti-Dollar 4alting /as. )orce is not a (uasi-?udicial #od%& it cannot #e said to #e co-e(ual or coordinate with the "egional /rial Court. /here is nothing in its ena#ling +resi4en#ial An#i6Dollar Sal#in' Tas= .or)e ,+ADS Tas= .or)e0, $ea4e4 8* S#a#e +rose)u#or %ose Rosales issue4 ; sear)$ warran#s a'ains# "aramfil !m5or#6E75or# &o1, !n)1 e# al ,"aramfil01 "aramfil file4 a 5e#i#ion 8efore #$e RT& #o enjoin #$e im5lemen#a#ion of #$e sear)$ warran#s1 T$e RT& issue4 a TRO an4 #$en se# #$e )ase for a $earin'1 Su8se2uen#l*, #$e RT& fa/ore4 "aramfil1 T$e &our# of A55eals ,&A0, a# firs#, fa/ore4 +ADS1 owe/er, u5on mo#ion 8* "aramfil, #$e 4e)ision was re/erse41 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# +AD is a 2uasi6ju4i)ial 8o4* ,)o6e2ual wi#$ #$e ran= an4 s#an4in' of #$e RT&0 .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1 !n su8mi##in' #$a# i# is a 2uasi6ju4i)ial en#i#*, #$e 5e#i#ioner s#a#es #$a# i# is en4owe4 wi#$ Ke75ress 5owers an4 fun)#ions un4er +D No1 9G>;, #o 5rose)u#e forei'n e7)$an'e /iola#ions as 4efine4 an4 5unis$e4 un4er +D No1 9BB>1K A 9ua,i6Gu:icial 4o:y $as 8een 4efine4 as Gan organ o govern!ent other than a court and other than a legislature& which a ects the rights o private parties through either ad?udication or rule !a.ing.G T$e mos# )ommon #*5es of su)$ 8o4ies $a/e 8een lis#e4 as follows?
,90 A'en)ies )rea#e4 #o fun)#ion in si#ua#ions w$erein #$e 'o/ernmen# is off(*i)7 ,o<( 7*atuity 7*a)t o* ,+(cial +*ivil(7( li=e #$e 4efun)# +$ili55ine Ve#erans Boar4, Boar4 on +ensions for Ve#erans, an4 NARRA, an4 +$ili55ine Ve#erans A4minis#ra#ion1 ,-0 A'en)ies se# u5 #o fun)#ion in si#ua#ions w$erein #$e 'o/ernmen# is see=in' #o )arr* on )er#ain 7ov(*)<()t fu)ctio),, li=e #$e Bureau of !mmi'ra#ion, #$e Bureau of !n#ernal Re/enue, #$e Boar4 of S5e)ial !n2uir* an4 Boar4 of &ommissioners, #$e &i/il Ser/i)e &ommission, #$e &en#ral Ban= of #$e +$ili55ines1 ,>0 A'en)ies se# u5 #o fun)#ion in si#ua#ions w$erein #$e 'o/ernmen# is 5erformin' some 4u,i)(,, ,(*vic( fo* t>( +u4lic, li=e #$e Bureau of +os#s, #$e +os#al Sa/in's Ban=, Me#ro5oli#an (a#erwor=s L Sewera'e Au#$ori#*, +$ili55ine Na#ional Railwa*s, #$e &i/il Aeronau#i)s A4minis#ra#ion1 ,A0 A'en)ies se# u5 #o fun)#ion in si#ua#ions w$erein #$e 'o/ernmen# is see=in' #o *(7ulat( 4u,i)(,, aff(ct(: wit> +u4lic i)t(*(,t , li=e #$e .i8er !ns5e)#ions Boar4, #$e +$ili55ine +a#en# Offi)e, Offi)e of #$e !nsuran)e &ommissioner1 ,:0 A'en)ies se# u5 #o fun)#ion in si#ua#ions w$erein #$e 'o/ernmen# is see=in' un4er #$e 5oli)e 5ower #o *(7ulat( +*ivat( 4u,i)(,, a): i):ivi:ual,, li=e #$e Se)uri#ies L E7)$an'e &ommission, Boar4 of .oo4 !ns5e)#ors, #$e Boar4 of Re/iew for Mo/in' +i)#ures, an4 #$e +rofessional Re'ula#ion &ommission1 ,;0 A'en)ies se# u5 #o fun)#ion in si#ua#ions w$erein #$e 'o/ernmen# is see=in' #o a:Gu,t i):ivi:ual co)t*ov(*,i(, 8e)ause of some s#ron' so)ial 5oli)* in/ol/e4, su)$ as #$e Na#ional La8or Rela#ions &ommission, #$e &our# of A'rarian Rela#ions, #$e Re'ional Offi)es of #$e Minis#r* of La8or, #$e So)ial Se)uri#* &ommission, Bureau of La8or S#an4ar4s, (omen an4 Minors Bureau1
As ma* 8e seen, i# is #$e 8asi) fun)#ion of #$ese 8o4ies #o a4ju4i)a#e )laims an4<or #o 4e#ermine ri'$#s, an4 unless i#s 4e)isions are seasona8l* a55eale4 #o #$e 5ro5er re/iewin' au#$ori#ies, #$e same a##ain finali#* an4 8e)ome e7e)u#or*1 A 5erusal of #$e +ADs or'ani) a)#, +resi4en#ial De)ree No1 9G>;, as
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique 3$ BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
amen4e4 8* +resi4en#ial De)ree No1 -DD-, )on/in)es #$e &our# #$a# t>( Ta,H Fo*c( wa, )ot <(a)t to (@(*ci,( 9ua,i6Gu:icial fu)ctio), t>at i, to t*y a): :(ci:( clai<, a): (@(cut( it, Gu:7<()t,$ As #$e +resi4en#Ss arm )alle4 u5on #o )om8a# #$e /i)e of K4ollar sal#in'K or #$e 8la)=mar=e#in' an4 sal#in' of forei'n e7)$an'e, i# is #as=e4 alone 8* #$e De)ree #o $an4le #$e 5rose)u#ion of su)$ a)#i/i#ies, 8u# no#$in' more1 T$e un4er#a=in' of +AD is #o 4e#ermine w$e#$er or no# 5ro8a8le )ause e7is#s #o warran# #$e filin' of )$ar'es wi#$ #$e 5ro5er )our#, meanin' #o sa*, #o )on4u)# an in2uir* 5reliminar* #o a ju4i)ial re)ourse, an4 #o re)ommen4 a)#ion Kof a55ro5ria#e au#$ori#iesK1 !# is no# unli=e a fis)alSs offi)e #$a# )on4u)#s a 5reliminar* in/es#i'a#ion #o 4e#ermine w$e#$er or no# 5rima fa)ie e/i4en)e e7is#s #o jus#if* $alin' #$e res5on4en# #o )our#, an4 *e#, w$ile i# ma=es #$a# 4e#ermina#ion, i# )anno# 8e sai4 #o 8e a)#in' as a 2uasi6 )our#1 .or i# is #$e )our#s, ul#ima#el*, #$a# 5ass ju4'men# on #$e a))use4, no# #$e fis)al1 !f #$e +resi4en#ial An#i6Dollar Sal#in' Tas= .or)e is no# a 2uasi6ju4i)ial 8o4*, i# )anno# 8e sai4 #o 8e )o6e2ual or )oor4ina#e wi#$ #$e Re'ional Trial &our#1 T$ere is no#$in' in i#s ena8lin' s#a#u#es #$a# woul4 4emons#ra#e i#s s#an4in' a# 5ar wi#$ #$e sai4 )our#1
FERDINAND T$ SANTOS et al. v. WILSON 'O '$R$ No$ &D/3C& &B Octo4(* 233D FIRST DIVISION 5Kui,u<4i)7 J.8 4ince the D$J is not a (uasi-?udicial #od% and it is not one o those agencies whose decisions& orders or resolutions are appeala#le to the Court o Appeals under "ule IF& the resolution o the 4ecretar% o Justice inding pro#a#le cause to indict petitioners or esta a is& there ore& not appeala#le T$e 5e#i#ioners are )or5ora#e 4ire)#ors an4 offi)ers of .il6Es#a#e +ro5er#ies, !n)1 ,.E+!01 .E+! alle'e4l* en#ere4 in#o a +roje)# A'reemen# wi#$ Manila Sou#$)oas# De/elo5men# &or5ora#ion ,MSD&0, w$ere8* .E+! un4er#oo= #o 4e/elo5 se/eral 5ar)els of lan4 in Na,u74u !ata)7a, alle'e4l* owne4 8* MSD&1 Un4er #$e #erms of #$e A'reemen#, .E+! was #o )on/er# an a55ro7ima#e area of 9,-;G $e)#ares in#o a firs#6)lass resi4en#ial, )ommer)ial, resor#, leisure, an4 re)rea#ional )om5le71 Res5on4en# (ilson Go ,Go0 offere4 #o 8u* a lo# for +A,>DA,DDD1 Go full* )om5lie4 wi#$ #$e #erms of #$e &on#ra)#1 .E+!, $owe/er, faile4 #o 4e/elo5 #$e 5ro5er#*1 Nei#$er 4i4 i# release #$e T&T #o Go1 T$e la##er 4eman4e4 fulfillmen# of #$e #erms an4 )on4i#ions of #$eir a'reemen#1 !n se/eral le##ers #o i#s )lien#s, in)lu4in' res5on4en# Go, .E+! e75laine4 #$a# #$e 5roje)# was #em5oraril* $al#e4 4ue #o some )laiman#s w$o o55ose4 .E+!Es a55li)a#ion for e7)lusion of #$e su8je)# 5ro5er#ies from #$e )o/era'e of #$e &om5re$ensi/e A'rarian Reform Law ,&ARL01 .ur#$er, .E+!Es $an4s were #ie4 8* a )ease an4 4esis# or4er issue4 8* #$e De5ar#men# of A'rarian Reform ,DAR01 Go #$en file4 a )om5lain# 8efore #$e ousin' an4 Lan4 Use Re'ula#or* Boar4 , LURB01 e li=ewise file4 a se5ara#e &om5lain#6Affi4a/i# for es#afa un4er Ar#i)les >9; an4 >9B of #$e R+& a'ains# 5e#i#ioners as offi)ers of .E+!1 T$e )om5lain# for es#afa a/erre4 #$a# #$e &on#ra)# #o Sell )a#e'ori)all* s#a#e4 #$a# .E+! was #$e owner of #$e 5ro5er#*1 Af#er #$e 5reliminar* in/es#i'a#ion, #$e &i#* +rose)u#or resol/e4 #o 4ismiss #$e )om5lain# for es#afa1 T$e DO% re/erse4 #$e 4e)ision1 .er4inan4 San#os, e# al1 mo/e4 for re)onsi4era#ion 8u# #$e same was 4enie41 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# a 5e#i#ion for re/iew un4er Rule A> is a 5ro5er mo4e of a55eal from #$e resolu#ion of #$e Se) of %us#i)e 4ire)#in' #$e 5rose)u#or #o file an informa#ion in a )riminal )ase
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique 3% BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
.ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1 T$e &our# 4i4 no# a'ree wi#$ 5e#i#ionersE su8mission #$a# a 5reliminar* in/es#i'a#ion is a 2uasi6 ju4i)ial 5ro)ee4in', an4 #$a# #$e DO% is a 2uasi6ju4i)ial a'en)* e7er)isin' a 2uasi6ju4i)ial fun)#ion w$en i# re/iews #$e fin4in's of a 5u8li) 5rose)u#or re'ar4in' #$e 5resen)e of 5ro8a8le )ause1 T$e 5rose)u#or in a 5reliminar* in/es#i'a#ion 4oes no# 4e#ermine #$e 'uil# or inno)en)e of #$e a))use41 e 4oes no# e7er)ise a4ju4i)a#ion nor rule6ma=in' fun)#ions1 +reliminar* in/es#i'a#ion is merel* in2uisi#orial, an4 is of#en #$e onl* means of 4is)o/erin' #$e 5ersons w$o ma* 8e reasona8l* )$ar'e4 wi#$ a )rime an4 #o ena8le #$e fis)al #o 5re5are $is )om5lain# or informa#ion1 !# is no# a #rial of #$e )ase on #$e meri#s an4 $as no 5ur5ose e7)e5# #$a# of 4e#erminin' w$e#$er a )rime $as 8een )ommi##e4 an4 w$e#$er #$ere is 5ro8a8le )ause #o 8elie/e #$a# #$e a))use4 is 'uil#* #$ereof1 Bhile the iscal !a.es that deter!ination& he cannot #e said to #e acting as a (uasi-court& or it is the courts& ulti!atel%& that pass ?udg!ent on the accused& not the iscal. T$ou'$ some )ases 4es)ri8e #$e 5u8li) 5rose)u#orEs 5ower #o )on4u)# a 5reliminar* in/es#i'a#ion as 2uasi6ju4i)ial in na#ure, #$is is #rue onl* #o #$e e7#en# #$a#, li=e 2uasi6ju4i)ial 8o4ies, #$e 5rose)u#or is an offi)er of #$e e7e)u#i/e 4e5ar#men# e7er)isin' 5owers a=in #o #$ose of a )our#, an4 #$e similari#* en4s a# #$is 5oin#1 A 9ua,i6Gu:icial 4o:y is as an organ o govern!ent other than a court and other than a legislature which a ects the rights o private parties through either ad?udication or rule-!a.ing 1 A 2uasi6 ju4i)ial a'en)* 5erforms a4ju4i)a#or* fun)#ions su)$ #$a# i#s awar4s, 4e#ermine #$e ri'$#s of 5ar#ies, an4 #$eir 4e)isions $a/e #$e same effe)# as ju4'men#s of a )our#1 Su)$ is no# #$e )ase w$en a 5u8li) 5rose)u#or )on4u)#s a 5reliminar* in/es#i'a#ion #o 4e#ermine 5ro8a8le )ause #o file an informa#ion a'ains# a 5erson )$ar'e4 wi#$ a )riminal offense, or w$en #$e Se)re#ar* of %us#i)e is re/iewin' #$e formerEs or4er or resolu#ions1 Si)c( t>( DOJ i, )ot a 9ua,i6Gu:icial 4o:y a): it i, )ot o)( of t>o,( a7()ci(, w>o,( :(ci,io), o*:(*, o* *(,olutio), a*( a++(ala4l( to t>( Cou*t of A++(al, u):(* Rul( 0A t>( *(,olutio) of t>( S(c*(ta*y of Ju,tic( fi):i)7 +*o4a4l( cau,( to i):ict +(titio)(*, fo* (,tafa i, t>(*(fo*( )ot a++(ala4l( to t>( Cou*t of A++(al, via a +(titio) fo* *(vi(w u):(* Rul( 0A$ A))or4in'l*, #$e &our# of A55eals )orre)#l* 4ismisse4 5e#i#ionersE 5e#i#ion for re/iew1
CITY EN'INEER OF !A'UIO et al. v$ ROLANDO !ANIKUED '$R$ No$ &D3213 2/ Nov(<4(* 233C T.IRD DIVISION 5R(y(, J.8 1t cannot #e denied as well that in deter!ining whether or not a structure is illegal or it should #e de!olished& propert% rights are involved there#% needing notices and opportunit% to #e heard as provided or in the constitutionall% guaranteed right o due process. 1n pursuit o these unctions& the cit% !a%or has to exercise (uasi-?udicial powers. A (uasi-?udicial unction& as appl%ing to the action discretion& etc. o pu#lic ad!inistrative o icers or #odies& who are re(uired to investigate acts or ascertain the existence o acts& hold hearings& and draw conclusions ro! the!& Generoso Bonifa)io, a)#in' as #$e a##orne*6in6fa)# of +urifi)a)ion 4e %o*a, Mila'ros Villar, Miner/a Balu*u# an4 !srael 4e Leon file4 a )om5lain# wi#$ #$e Offi)e of #$e Ma*or of Ba'uio &i#* see=in' #$e 4emoli#ion of a $ouse 8uil# on a 5ar)el of lan41 Domo'an, on #$e o#$er $an4, #$e #$en )i#* ma*or of Ba'uio &i#*, issue4 No#i)e of Demoli#ion a'ains# s5ouses Rolan4o an4 .i4ela Bani2ue41 !n $is
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique 3& BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
)om5lain#, Bani2ue4 alle'e4 #$a# #$e in#en4e4 4emoli#ion of $is $ouse was 4one wi#$ou# 4ue 5ro)ess of law an4 Kwas arri/e4 a# ar8i#raril* an4 in a mar#ial6law li=e fas$ion1 Bani2ue4 8u##resse4 $is )om5lain# 8* ar'uin' #$a# Ar#i)le :>; of #$e &i/il &o4e s$oul4 8e a55lie4, i1e1, #$ere s$oul4 8e a )our# a)#ion an4 a )our# or4er firs# 8efore $is $ouse )an 8e 4emolis$e4 an4 8efore $e )an 8e ous#e4 from #$e lo#1 T$e RT& enjoine4 #$e )arr*in' ou# of #$e 4emoli#ion of #$e $ouse of Bani2ue41 T$e RT& 4ismisse4, la#er on, #$e )om5lain# of Bani2ue4 8e)ause Kare un2ues#iona8l* mem8ers of #$e e7e)u#i/e 8ran)$ w$ose fun)#ions are nei#$er ju4i)ial nor 2uasi6ju4i)ialI an4 $e faile4 #o e7$aus# a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies1 T$e &our# of A55eals, $owe/er, 'ran#e4 Banu2ue41 ISSUES# 91 ($e#$er or no# #$e 4o)#rine of a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies s$oul4 8e s#ri)#l* a55lie4 -1 ($e#$er or no# #$e a)# of #$e &i#* Ma*or in issuin' a no#i)e of 4emoli#ion is a (uasi-?udicial fun)#ion .ELD# 91 +e#i#ion DENIED1 -1 +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 T$e 4o)#rine of (@>au,tio) of a:<i)i,t*ativ( *(<(:i(, is no# an iron6)la4 rule1 !# a4mi#s of se/eral e7)e5#ions1 %uris5ru4en)e is well6se##le4 #$a# #$e 4o)#rine 4oes no# a55l* in )ases? ,90 w$en #$e 2ues#ion raise4 is 5urel* le'al@ ,-0 w$en #$e a4minis#ra#i/e 8o4* is in es#o55el@ ,>0 w$en #$e a)# )om5laine4 of is 5a#en#l* ille'al@ ,A0 w>() t>(*( i, u*7()t )((: fo* Gu:icial i)t(*v()tio)O ,:0 w$en #$e )laim in/ol/e4 is small@ 5/8 w>() i**(+a*a4l( :a<a7( will 4( ,uff(*(:O ,C0 w$en #$ere is no o#$er 5lain, s5ee4*, an4 a4e2ua#e reme4*@ ,B0 w$en s#ron' 5u8li) in#eres# is in/ol/e4@ ,G0 w$en #$e su8je)# of #$e 5ro)ee4in' is 5ri/a#e lan4@ ,9D0 in (uo warranto5ro)ee4in's@ an4 ,990 w$ere #$e fa)#s s$ow #$a# #$ere was /iola#ion of 4ue 5ro)ess1 ere, #$ere was an ur'en# nee4 for ju4i)ial in#er/en#ion1 T$e filin' of a mo#ion for rein/es#i'a#ion or re)onsi4era#ion woul4 $a/e 8een a useless e7er)ise1 T$e no#i)e of 4emoli#ion is /er* )lear an4 s5ea=s for i#self1 &i#* Ma*or Domo'an alrea4* ma4e u5 $is min4 #$a# #$e $ouse of Bani2ue4 was ille'all* 8uil# an4 was #$us su8je)# #o 4emoli#ion1 !# )oul4 reasona8l* 8e assume4 #$a# a mo#ion for rein/es#i'a#ion or re)onsi4era#ion woul4 $a/e also 8een 4enie4 ou#ri'$#1 +e#i#ioners )on#en4, #$ou'$, #$a# #$e )om5lain# of Bani2ue4 is +*(<atu*(1 T$e* sa* #$a# w$a# was issue4 8* &i#* Ma*or Domo'an was onl* a no#i)e of 4emoli#ion, an4 not an or4er of 4emoli#ion1 !n s$or#, 5e#i#ioners are sa*in' #$a# Bani2ue4 jum5e4 #$e 'un1 e s$oul4 $a/e wai#e4 firs# for #$e issuan)e of a 4emoli#ion or4er 8e)ause no 4emoli#ion )an 8e )arrie4 ou# in #$e a8sen)e of su)$ or4er1 owe/er, #$e :i,ti)ctio) 8e#ween a no#i)e of 4emoli#ion an4 an or4er of 4emoli#ion is imma#erial1 ($a# is ma#erial is #$a# Bani2ue4 fel# #$rea#ene4 wi#$ #$e im5en4in' 4emoli#ion of $is $ouse1 T>( Mayo* alt>ou7> +(*fo*<i)7 (@(cutiv( fu)ctio), al,o (@(*ci,(, 9ua,i6Gu:icial fu)ctio)
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique !' BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
w>ic> <ay 4( co**(ct(: 4y +*o>i4itio) 1 As a 5ar#in' ar'umen#, 5e#i#ioners )on#en4 #$a# #$e )om5lain# of Bani2ue4 is ou#si4e #$e s)o5e of #$e rule on 5ro$i8i#ion w$i)$ )o/ers #$e 5ro)ee4in's of an* K#ri8unal, )or5ora#ion, 8oar4, offi)er or 5erson, w$e#$er e7er)isin' ju4i)ial, 2uasi6ju4i)ial or minis#erial fun)#ions1K T$e issuan)e of #$e no#i)e of 4emoli#ion 8* #$e &i#* Ma*or is ne/er a ju4i)ial, minis#erial or rule6ma=in' fun)#ion1 !# is s#ri)#l* an a)# of law enfor)emen# an4 im5lemen#a#ion, w$i)$ is 5urel* an e7e)u#i/e fun)#ion1 Nei#$er is #$e Offi)e of #$e &i#* Ma*or a 2uasi6ju4i)ial 8o4*1 A'ain, 5e#i#ioners are mis#a=en1 9nder existing laws& the o ice o the !a%or is given powers not onl% relative to its unction as the executive o icial o the town. 1t has also #een endowed with authorit% to hear issues involving propert% rights o individuals and to co!e out with an e ective order or resolution thereon. 1n this !anner& it exercises (uasi-?udicial unctions. T$is 5ower is o8/iousl* a #ruism in #$e ma##er of issuin' 4emoli#ion no#i)es an4<or or4ers a'ains# s2ua##ers an4 ille'al o))u5an#s #$rou'$ some of i#s a'en)ies or au#$ori3e4 )ommi##ees wi#$in i#s res5e)#i/e muni)i5ali#ies or )i#ies1 It ca))ot 4( :()i(: a, w(ll t>at i) :(t(*<i)i)7 w>(t>(* o* )ot a ,t*uctu*( i, ill(7al o* it ,>oul: 4( :(<oli,>(: +*o+(*ty *i7>t, a*( i)volv(: t>(*(4y )((:i)7 )otic(, a): o++o*tu)ity to 4( >(a*: a, +*ovi:(: fo* i) t>( co),titutio)ally 7ua*a)t((: *i7>t of :u( +*oc(,,$ !n 5ursui# of #$ese fun)#ions, #$e )i#* ma*or $as #o e7er)ise 2uasi6ju4i)ial 5owers1 A 2uasi6ju4i)ial fun)#ion, as a55l*in' #o #$e a)#ion 4is)re#ion, e#)1 of 5u8li) a4minis#ra#i/e offi)ers or 8o4ies, w$o are re2uire4 #o in/es#i'a#e fa)#s or as)er#ain #$e e7is#en)e of fa)#s, $ol4 $earin's, an4 4raw )on)lusions from #$em, as a 8asis for #$eir offi)ial a)#ion, an4 #o e7er)ise 4is)re#ion of a ju4i)ial na#ure
.ON$ ISIDRO CARIMO 5S(c*(ta*y of DECS8 et al. v. T.E COMMISSION ON .UMAN RI'.TS et al. '$R$ No$ B//C& 2 D(c(<4(* &BB& EN BANC 5Na*va,a J.8 /he !ost that !a% #e conceded to the Co!!ission in the wa% o ad?udicative power is that it !a% investigate& i.e.& receive evidence and !a.e indings o act as regards clai!ed hu!an rights violations involving civil and political rights. But act inding is not ad?udication& and cannot #e li.ened to the ?udicial unction o a court o ?ustice& or even a (uasi-?udicial agenc% or o icial. /he unction o receiving evidence and ascertaining there ro! the acts o a controvers% is not a ?udicial unction& properl% spea.ing. A grant o investigator% power does not include a grant o (uasi-?udicial or (uasi-legislative Some BDD 5u8li) s)$ool #ea)$ers, amon' #$em mem8ers of #$e Manila +u8li) S)$ool Tea)$ers Asso)ia#ion ,M+STA0 an4 Allian)e of &on)erne4 Tea)$ers ,A&T0 un4er#oo= w$a# #$e* 4es)ri8e4 as K!ass concerted actionsG #o K4rama#i3e an4 $i'$li'$#K #$eir 5li'$# resul#in' from #$e alle'e4 failure of #$e 5u8li) au#$ori#ies #o a)# u5on 'rie/an)es #$a# $a4 #ime an4 a'ain 8een 8rou'$# #o #$e la##erSs a##en#ion1 T$is mass )on)er#e4 a)#ions $a55ene4 4urin' or4inar* )lass 4a*s1 .or failure #o $ee4 #$e re#urn6#o6wor= or4er, #$e & R )om5lainan#s ,5ri/a#e res5on4en#s0 were a4minis#ra#i/el* )$ar'e41 T$e* were also 5re/en#i/el* sus5en4e4 for nine#* ,GD0 4a*s1 !n #$e a4minis#ra#i/e )ase #$e res5on4en#s #$e la##er file4 se5ara#e answers, o5#e4 for a formal in/es#i'a#ion, an4 also mo/e4 Kfor sus5ension of #$e a4minis#ra#i/e 5ro)ee4in's 5en4in' resolu#ion 8* #$e Su5reme &our# of #$eir a55li)a#ion for issuan)e of an injun)#i/e wri#<#em5orar* res#rainin' or4er1 T$e mo#ion for sus5ension was 4enie41 ISSUE#
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique ! BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
($e#$er or no# #$e &ommission on a4ju4i)a#or* 5ower .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED
uman Ri'$#s is a (uasi-?udicial 8o4* w$i)$ $as
T$e &ommission e/i4en#l* in#en4s #o i#self ad?udicate, #$a# is #o sa*, 4e#ermine wi#$ )$ara)#er of finali#* an4 4efini#eness, #$e same issues w$i)$ $a/e 8een 5asse4 u5on an4 4e)i4e4 8* #$e Se)re#ar* of E4u)a#ion, &ul#ure L S5or#s, su8je)# #o a55eal #o #$e &i/il Ser/i)e &ommission1 T$e &our# 4e)lares t>( Co<<i,,io) o) .u<a) Ri7>t, to >av( )o ,uc> +ow(*O a): t>at it wa, )ot <(a)t 4y t>( fu):a<()tal law to 4( a)ot>(* cou*t o* 9ua,i6Gu:icial a7()cy i) t>i, cou)t*y o* :u+licat( <uc> l(,, taH( ov(* t>( fu)ctio), of t>( latt(* 1 T$e mos# #$a# ma* 8e )on)e4e4 #o #$e &ommission in #$e wa* of a4ju4i)a#i/e 5ower is #$a# i# ma* investigate, i1e1, re)ei/e e/i4en)e an4 ma=e fin4in's of fa)# as re'ar4s )laime4 $uman ri'$#s /iola#ions in/ol/in' )i/il an4 5oli#i)al ri'$#s1 Bu# fa)# fin4in' is no# a4ju4i)a#ion, an4 )anno# 8e li=ene4 #o #$e ?udicial unction of a )our# of jus#i)e, or e/en a 2uasi6ju4i)ial a'en)* or offi)ial1 T$e fun)#ion of re)ei/in' e/i4en)e an4 as)er#ainin' #$erefrom #$e fa)#s of a )on#ro/ers* is no# a ju4i)ial fun)#ion, 5ro5erl* s5ea=in'1 To 8e )onsi4ere4 su)$, #$e fa)ul#* of re)ei/in' e/i4en)e an4 ma=in' fa)#ual )on)lusions in a )on#ro/ers* mus# 8e a))om5anie4 8* #$e au#$ori#* of appl%ing the law to those actual conclusions to the end that the controvers% !a% #e decided or deter!ined authoritativel%& inall% and de initivel%& su#?ect to such appeals or !odes o review as !a% #e provided #% law 1 T$e 5ro5osi#ion is ma4e )lear 8* #$e )ons#i#u#ional 5ro/isions s5e)if*in' #$e 5owers of #$e & R?
,90 I)v(,ti7at(, on i#s own or on )om5lain# 8* an* 5ar#*, all forms of $uman ri'$#s /iola#ions in/ol/in' )i/il an4 5oli#i)al ri'$#s@ ,-0 A4o5# i#s o5era#ional 'ui4elines an4 rules of 5ro)e4ure, an4 )i#e for co)t(<+t for /iola#ions #$ereof in a))or4an)e wi#$ #$e Rules of &our#@ ,>0 +ro/i4e a55ro5ria#e le'al of all 5ersons wi#$in #$e +$ili55ines, as well as .ili5inos resi4in' a8roa4, an4 5ro/i4e for 5re/en#i/e measures an4 le'al ai4 ser/i)es #o #$e <(a,u*(, fo* t>( +*ot(ctio) of >u<a) *i7>t, un4er5ri/ile'e4 w$ose $uman ri'$#s $a/e 8een /iola#e4 or nee4 5ro#e)#ion@ ,A0 E7er)ise vi,ito*ial +ow(*, o/er jails, 5risons, or 4e#en#ion fa)ili#ies@ ,:0 Es#a8lis$ a )on#inuin' +*o7*a< of *(,(a*c> (:ucatio) a): i)fo*<atio) #o en$an)e res5e)# for #$e 5rima)* of $uman ri'$#s@ ,;0 R(co<<(): #o #$e &on'ress effe)#i/e measures #o 5romo#e $uman ri'$#s an4 #o 5ro/i4e for )om5ensa#ion #o /i)#ims of /iola#ions of $uman ri'$#s, or #$eir families@ ,C0 Mo)ito* #$e +$ili55ine Go/ernmen#Ss )om5lian)e wi#$ in#erna#ional #rea#* o8li'a#ions on $uman ri'$#s@ ,B0 '*a)t i<<u)ity from 5rose)u#ion #o an* 5erson w$ose #es#imon* or w$ose 5ossession of 4o)umen#s or o#$er e/i4en)e is ne)essar* or )on/enien# #o 4e#ermine #$e #ru#$ in an* in/es#i'a#ion )on4u)#e4 8* i# or un4er i#s au#$ori#*@ ,G0 R(9u(,t t>( a,,i,ta)c( of an* 4e5ar#men#, 8ureau, offi)e, or a'en)* in #$e 5erforman)e of i#s fun)#ions@ ,9D0 A++oi)t i#s offi)ers an4 em5lo*ees in a))or4an)e wi#$ law@ an4 ,990 +erform su)$ o#$er 4u#ies an4 fun)#ions as ma* 8e 5ro/i4e4 8* law1
As s$oul4 a# on)e 8e o8ser/e4, onl* #$e firs# of #$e enumera#e4 5owers an4 fun)#ions 8ears an* resem8lan)e #o a4ju4i)a#ion or a4ju4'men#1 owe/er, i# )anno# #r* an4 4e)i4e )ases ,or $ear an4 4e#ermine )auses0 as )our#s of jus#i)e, or e/en 2uasi6ju4i)ial 8o4ies 4o1 To i)v(,ti7at( i, )ot to a:Gu:icat( o* a:Gu:7($ G1nvestigate&G )ommonl* un4ers#oo4, means #o e7amine, e75lore, in2uire or 4el/e or 5ro8e in#o, resear)$ on, s#u4*1 T$e 5ur5ose of in/es#i'a#ion, of )ourse, is #o 4is)o/er, #o fin4 ou#, #o learn, o8#ain
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique !2 BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
informa#ion1 On #$e o#$er $an4, GAd?udicate&G )ommonl* or 5o5ularl* un4ers#oo4, means #o a4ju4'e, ar8i#ra#e, ju4'e, 4e)i4e, 4e#ermine, resol/e, rule on, se##le1 en)e i# is #$a# #$e &ommission on uman Ri'$#s, $a/in' merel* #$e 5ower K#o in/es#i'a#e,K )anno# an4 s$oul4 no# K#r* an4 resol/e on #$e meri#sK ,a4ju4i)a#e0 #$e ma##ers in/ol/e4 in S#ri=in' Tea)$ers )ase1 T$ese are ma##ers un4ou8#e4l* an4 )learl* wi#$in #$e ori'inal juris4i)#ion of #$e Se)re#ar* of E4u)a#ion, 8ein' wi#$in #$e s)o5e of #$e 4is)i5linar* 5owers 'ran#e4 #o $im un4er #$e &i/il Ser/i)e Law, an4 also, wi#$in #$e a55ella#e juris4i)#ion of #$e &i/il Ser/i)e &ommission1
JESUS C$ OCAMPO v1 OFFICE OF T.E OM!UDSMAN a): MA-IMO ECLIPSE '$R$ No$ &&0/CA &C Ja)ua*y 2333 5!u()a J.8 /he dis!issal o the cri!inal case will not oreclose ad!inistrative action iled against petitioner or give hi! a clean #ill o health in all respects. Considering the di erence in the (uantu! o evidence& as well as the procedure ollowed and the sanctions i!posed in cri!inal and ad!inistrative proceedings& the indings and conclusions in one should not necessaril% #e #inding on "1N1 +au4el of #$e A'ri)ul#ural De/elo5men# Ban= of Ne5al ,ADBN0 wro#e a le##er #o N!A&ONSULT ,su8si4iar* of Na#ional !rri'a#ion A4minis#ra#ion0, re2ues#in' a #rainin' 5ro5osal on small6s)ale )ommuni#* irri'a#ion 4e/elo5men#1 %esus O)am5o, 8ein' #$e #rainin' )oor4ina#or of N!A&ONSULT, re)ei/e4 #$e 5a*men# for #$e sai4 #rainin' 5ro'ram1 Su8se2uen#l*, N!A&ONSULT 4eman4e4 from O)am5o #$e #urn6o/er of #$e #o#al #rainin' fee 5ai4 8* ADBN1 O)am5o, ne/er#$eless, faile4 #o remi#1 Ma7imino E)li5se, 5resi4en# of #$e )om5an* file4 an a4minis#ra#i/e )ase 8efore OMBUDSMAN for serious mis)on4u)# an4<or frau4 or willful 8rea)$ of #rus#1 Om8u4sman 4e)i4e4 a'ains# O)am5o1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e 4ismissal of #$e )riminal )ase will 8e 5reju4i)ial #o #$e a4minis#ra#i/e )ase .ELD? +e#i#ion DENIED1 T>( :i,<i,,al of t>( c*i<i)al ca,( will )ot fo*(clo,( a:<i)i,t*ativ( actio) fil(: a7ai),t +(titio)(* o* 7iv( >i< a cl(a) 4ill of >(alt> i) all *(,+(ct,$ T$e Re'ional Trial &our#, in 4ismissin' #$e )riminal )om5lain#, was sim5l* sa*in' #$a# #$e 5rose)u#ion was una8le #o 5ro/e #$e 'uil# of 5e#i#ioner 8e*on4 reasona8le 4ou8#, a )on4i#ion sine (ua non for )on/i)#ion1 T$e la)= or a8sen)e of 5roof 8e*on4 reasona8le 4ou8# 4oes no# mean an a8sen)e of an* e/i4en)e w$a#soe/er for #$ere is ano#$er )lass of e/i4en)e w$i)$, #$ou'$ insuffi)ien# #o es#a8lis$ 'uil# 8e*on4 reasona8le 4ou8#, is a4e2ua#e in )i/il )ases@ #$is is 5re5on4eran)e of e/i4en)e1 T$en #oo, #$ere is #$e Ksu8s#an#ial e/i4en)eK rule in a4minis#ra#i/e 5ro)ee4in's w$i)$ merel* re2uires su)$ rele/an# e/i4en)e as a reasona8le min4 mi'$# a))e5# as a4e2ua#e #o su55or# a )on)lusion1 T$us, )onsi4erin' #$e 4ifferen)e in #$e 2uan#um of e/i4en)e, as well as #$e 5ro)e4ure followe4 an4 #$e san)#ions im5ose4 in )riminal an4 a4minis#ra#i/e 5ro)ee4in's, #$e fin4in's an4 )on)lusions in one s$oul4 no# ne)essaril* 8e 8in4in' on #$e o#$er1
UNITED PEPSI6COLA SUPERVISORY UNION 5UPSU8 v$ .ON$ !IENVENIDO E$ LA'UESMA a): PEPSI6COLA PRODUCTS P.ILIPPINES INC$
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique !3 BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
5M():o?a J$8 /he doctrine o res ?udicata certainl% applies to adversar% ad!inistrative proceedings. Uni#e4 +e5si6&ola Su5er/isor* Union ,U+SU0 is a union of su5er/isor* em5lo*ees1 U+SU file4 a 5e#i#ion for )er#ifi)a#ion ele)#ion on 8e$alf of #$e rou#e mana'ers a# +e5si6&ola +ro4u)#s +$ili55ines, !n)1 T$e 5e#i#ion was 4enie4 8o#$ 8* #$e me46ar8i#er an4 #$e Se)re#ar* of La8or1 A))or4in'l*, #$e rou#e mana'ers are mana'erial em5lo*ees an4, #$erefore, ineli'i8le for union mem8ers$i5 un4er #$e firs# sen#en)e of Ar#1 -A: of #$e La8or &o4e1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# 5re/ious a4minis#ra#i/e 4e#ermina#ions )ons#i#u#e res ?udicata .ELD# +e#i#ion is DENIED1 U+SU ar'ues #$a# #$e 5re/ious a4minis#ra#i/e 4e#ermina#ions 4o no# $a/e #$e effe)# of res ?udicata in #$is )ase, 8e)ause Kla8or rela#ions 5ro)ee4in'sK are Knon6li#i'ious an4 summar* in na#ure wi#$ou# re'ar4 #o le'al #e)$ni)ali#ies1 !ut t>( :oct*i)( of *(, Gu:icata c(*tai)ly a++li(, to a:v(*,a*y a:<i)i,t*ativ( +*oc((:i)7,$ !n4ee4, in Nasi5i# Lum8er &o1, #$is &our# )larifie4 #owar4 #$e en4 of i#s o5inion #$a# K#$e 4o)#rine of res ?udicata a55lies 1 1 1 #o ju4i)ial or 2uasi ju4i)ial 5ro)ee4in's an4 no# #o #$e e7er)ise of a4minis#ra#i/e 5owers1I A# #$e /er* leas#, #$e 5rin)i5le of finali#* of a4minis#ra#i/e 4e#ermina#ion )om5els res5e)# for #$e fin4in' of #$e Se)re#ar* of La8or #$a# rou#e mana'ers are mana'erial em5lo*ees as 4efine4 8* law in #$e a8sen)e of an*#$in' #o s$ow #$a# su)$ 4e#ermina#ion is wi#$ou# su8s#an#ial e/i4en)e #o su55or# i#1 .ON$ CARLOS O$ FORTIC. 5PROVINCIAL 'OVERNOR OF !UFIDNON8 et al. v$ .ON$ RENATO C$ CORONA 5DEPUTY E-ECUTIVE SECRETARY8 et al. '$R$ No$ &A&0D1 20 A+*il &BBC 5Ma*ti)(? J.8 0aving lost its ?urisdiction& the $ ice o the President has no !ore authorit% to entertain the second !otion or reconsideration iled #% respondent DA" 4ecretar%. An Or4er was issue4 8* #$en E7e)u#i/e Se)re#ar* Ru8en D1 Torres 4en*in' DAREs mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion for $a/in' 8een file4 8e*on4 #$e re'lemen#ar* 5erio4 of fif#een ,9:0 4a*s1 T$e sai4 or4er fur#$er 4e)lare4 #$a# #$e Mar)$ -G, 9GG; O+ 4e)ision $a4 alrea4* 8e)ome fi)al an4 (@(cuto*y1 T$e DAR file4 on %ul* 99, 9GGC a ,(co): mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion of #$e %une ->, 9GGC Or4er of #$e +resi4en#1 On O)#o8er G, 9GGC, some alle'e4 farmer68enefi)iaries 8e'an #$eir $un'er s#ri=e in fron# of #$e DAR &om5oun4 in Mue3on &i#* #o 5ro#es# #$e O+ De)ision of Mar)$ -G, 9GG;1 On O)#o8er 9D, 9GGC, some 5ersons )laimin' #o 8e farmer68enefi)iaries of #$e NMSRMD& 5ro5er#* file4 a mo#ion for in#er/en#ion ,s#*le4 as Memoran4um !n !n#er/en#ion0 in O1+1 &ase No1 G;6&6;A-A, as=in' #$a# #$e O+ De)ision allowin' #$e )on/ersion of #$e en#ire 9AA6$e)#are 5ro5er#* 8e se# asi4e1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique !! BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
T$e s#ri=ers 5ro#es#e4 #$e Mar)$ -G, 9GG; De)ision of #$e Offi)e of #$e +resi4en# ,O+0, issue4 #$rou'$ #$en E7e)u#i/e Se)re#ar* Ru8en D1 Torres in O+ &ase No1 G;6&6;A-A, w$i)$ a55ro/e4 #$e )on/ersion of a one $un4re4 for#*6four ,9AA06$e)#are lan4 from a'ri)ul#ural #o a'ro6in4us#rial<ins#i#u#ional area1 T$is le4 #$e Offi)e of #$e +resi4en#, #$rou'$ #$en De5u#* E7e)u#i/e Se)re#ar* Rena#o &1 &orona, #o issue #$e so6)alle4 H(in6(inI Resolu#ion on No/em8er C, 9GGC, su8s#an#iall* mo4if*in' i#s earlier De)ision af#er i# $a4 alrea4* 8e)ome final an4 e7e)u#or*1 T$e sai4 Resolu#ion mo4ifie4 #$e a55ro/al of #$e lan4 )on/ersion #o a'ro6in4us#rial area onl* #o #$e e7#en# of for#*6four ,AA0 $e)#ares, an4 or4ere4 #$e remainin' one $un4re4 ,9DD0 $e)#ares #o 8e 4is#ri8u#e4 #o 2ualifie4 farmer68enefi)iaries1 ISSUE? ($e#$er or no# #$e 4e)ision of #$e O+ )an no lon'er 8e 4is#ur8e4 on #$e 'roun4 of res ?udicata .ELD? +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 An (**o* of Gu:7<()t is one w$i)$ #$e )our# ma* )ommi# in the exercise o its ?urisdiction , an4 w$i)$ error is re/iewa8le onl* 8* an a55eal1 On #$e o#$er $an4, an (**o* of Gu*i,:ictio) is one w$ere #$e a)# )om5laine4 of was issue4 8* #$e )our#, offi)er or a 2uasi6ju4i)ial 8o4* without or in excess o ?urisdiction, or with grave a#use o discretion which is tanta!ount to lac. or in excess o ?urisdiction 1 T$is error is )orre)#a8le onl* 8* #$e e7#raor4inar* wri# of )er#iorari1 !# is #rue #$a# un4er Rule A>, a55eals from awar4s, ju4'men#s, final or4ers or resolu#ions of an* 2uasi6ju4i)ial a'en)* e7er)isin' 2uasi6ju4i)ial fun)#ions, i)clu:i)7 t>( Offic( of t>( P*(,i:()t, ma* 8e #a=en #o #$e &our# of A55eals 8* filin' a /erifie4 5e#i#ion for re/iew wi#$in fif#een ,9:0 4a*s from no#i)e of #$e sai4 ju4'men#, final or4er or resolu#ion, w$e#$er #$e a55eal in/ol/es 2ues#ions of fa)#, of law, or mi7e4 2ues#ions of fa)# an4 law1 owe/er, we $ol4 #$a#, in #$is 5ar#i)ular )ase, #$e reme4* 5res)ri8e4 in Rule A> is ina55li)a8le )onsi4erin' #$a# #$e 5resen# 5e#i#ion )on#ains an alle'a#ion #$a# #$e )$allen'e4 resolu#ion is H5a#en#l* ille'alI an4 was issue4 wi#$ H'ra/e a8use of 4is)re#ionI an4 H8e*on4 $is ,res5on4en# Se)re#ar* Rena#o &1 &oronaEs0 juris4i)#ionI w$en sai4 resolu#ion su8s#an#iall* mo4ifie4 #$e earlier O+ De)ision of Mar)$ -G, 9GG; w$i)$ $a4 lon' 8e)ome final an4 e7e)u#or*1 !n o#$er wor4s, #$e )ru)ial issue raise4 $ere in/ol/es an error of juris4i)#ion, no# an error of ju4'men# w$i)$ is re/iewa8le 8* an a55eal un4er Rule A>1 T$us, #$e a55ro5ria#e reme4* #o annul an4 se# asi4e #$e assaile4 resolu#ion is an ori'inal s5e)ial )i/il a)#ion for )er#iorari un4er Rule ;:, as w$a# #$e 5e#i#ioners $a/e )orre)#l* 4one1 T$e Su5reme &our#, &our# of A55eals an4 Re'ional Trial &our# $a/e ori'inal )on)urren# juris4i)#ion #o issue a wri# of )er#iorari, 5ro$i8i#ion an4 man4amus1 Bu# #$e juris4i)#ion of #$ese #$ree ,>0 )our#s are also 4elinea#e4 in #$a#, if #$e )$allen'e4 a)# rela#es #o a)#s or omissions of a lower )our# or of a )or5ora#ion, 8oar4, offi)er or 5erson, #$e 5e#i#ion mus# 8e file4 wi#$ #$e Re'ional Trial &our# w$i)$ e7er)ises juris4i)#ion o/er #$e #erri#orial area as 4efine4 8* #$e Su5reme &our#1 An4 if i# in/ol/es #$e a)# or omission of a 2uasi6ju4i)ial a'en)*, #$e 5e#i#ion s$all 8e file4 onl* wi#$ #$e &our# of A55eals, unless o#$erwise 5ro/i4e4 8* law or #$e Rules of &our#1 (e $a/e )learl* 4is)usse4 #$is ma##er of )on)urren)e of juris4i)#ion in People vs. Cuares!a& et. al1, #$rou'$ now &$ief %us#i)e An4res R1 Nar/asa, #$us? H7 7 71 T$is &our#Es ori'inal juris4i)#ion #o issue wri#s of certiorari ,as well as 5ro$i8i#ion, !anda!us& (uo warranto& ha#eas corpus an4 injun)#ion0 is no# e7)lusi/e1 !# is s$are4 8* #$is &our# wi#$ Re'ional Trial &our#s ,formerl* &our#s of .irs# !ns#an)e0,
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique !" BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
w$i)$ ma* issue #$e wri#, enfor)ea8le in an* 5ar# of #$eir res5e)#i/e re'ions1 !# is also s$are4 8* #$is &our#, an4 8* #$e Re'ional Trial &our#, wi#$ #$e &our# of A55eals ,formerl*, !n#erme4ia#e A55ella#e &our#0, al#$ou'$ 5rior #o #$e effe)#i/i#* of Batas Pa!#ansa Bilang 9-G on Au'us# 9A, 9GB9, #$e la##erEs )om5e#en)e #o issue #$e e7#raor4inar* wri#s was res#ri)#e4 #o #$ose Nin ai4 of i#s a55ella#e juris4i)#ion1E T$is )on)urren)e of juris4i)#ion is no#, $owe/er, #o 8e #a=en as a))or4in' #o 5ar#ies see=in' an* of #$e wri#s an a8solu#e, unres#raine4 free4om of )$oi)e of #$e )our# #o w$i)$ a55li)a#ion #$erefor will 8e 4ire)#e41 T$ere is af#er all a $ierar)$* of )our#s1 T$a# $ierar)$* is 4e#ermina#i/e of #$e /enue of a55eals, an4 s$oul4 also ser/e as a 'eneral 4e#erminan# of #$e a55ro5ria#e forum for 5e#i#ions for #$e e7#raor4inar* wri#s1 A 8e)omin' re'ar4 for #$a# ju4i)ial $ierar)$* mos# )er#ainl* in4i)a#es #$a# 5e#i#ions for #$e issuan)e of e7#raor4inar* wri#s a'ains# firs# le/el ,NinferiorE0 )our#s s$oul4 8e file4 wi#$ #$e Re'ional Trial &our#, an4 #$ose a'ains# #$e la##er, wi#$ #$e &our# of A55eals1I ($en #$e Offi)e of #$e +resi4en# issue4 #$e Or4er 4a#e4 %une ->,9GGC 4e)larin' #$e De)ision of Mar)$ -G, 9GG; final an4 e7e)u#or*, as no one $as seasona8l* file4 a mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion #$ere#o, #$e sai4 Offi)e $a4 los# i#s juris4i)#ion #o re6o5en #$e )ase, more so mo4if* i#s De)ision1 a/in' los# i#s juris4i)#ion, #$e Offi)e of #$e +resi4en# $as no more au#$ori#* #o en#er#ain #$e ,(co): mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion file4 8* res5on4en# DAR Se)re#ar*, w$i)$ se)on4 mo#ion 8e)ame #$e 8asis of #$e assaile4 H(in6(inI Resolu#ion1 Se)#ion C of A4minis#ra#i/e Or4er No1 9B an4 Se)#ion A, Rule A> of #$e Re/ise4 Rules of &our# man4a#e #$a# onl* o)( ,90 mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion is allowe4 #o 8e #a=en from #$e De)ision of Mar)$ -G, 9GG;1 An4 e/en if a se)on4 mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion was 5ermi##e4 #o 8e file4 in He7)e5#ionall* meri#orious )ases,I as 5ro/i4e4 in #$e se)on4 5ara'ra5$ of Se)#ion C of AO 9B, s#ill #$e sai4 mo#ion s$oul4 no# $a/e 8een en#er#aine4 )onsi4erin' #$a# #$e firs# mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion was no# seasona8l* file4, #$ere8* allowin' #$e De)ision of Mar)$ -G, 9GG; #o la5se in#o finali#*1 JOSE LUIS AN'EL !$ OROSA v1 AL!ERTO C$ ROA '$R$ No$ &0302A &0 July 233/ SECOND DIVISION 5'a*cia J.8 Being under the control o the President& the decision o the 4ecretar% o Justice is su#?ect to review o the or!er. 1n ine& recourse ro! the decision o the 4ecretar% o Justice should #e to the President& instead o the CA& under the esta#lished principle o exhaustion o ad!inistrative re!edies. /he thrust o the rule on exhaustion o ad!inistrative re!edies is that i an appeal or re!ed% o#tains or is availa#le within the ad!inistrative !achiner%& this should #e resorted to #e ore resort can #e !ade to the courts. 1!!ediate recourse to the court would #e pre!ature and precipitate. %ose Luis Orosa ,Orosa0, a 4en#is#, file4 wi#$ #$e +asi' &i#* +rose)u#ion Offi)e a )om5lain#6 affi4a/i# )$ar'in' res5on4en# Al8er#o &1 Roa, also a 4en#is#, wi#$ #$e )rime of li4(l1 T$e )om5lain# s#emme4 from an ar#i)le en#i#le4 G/ruth vs. "u!ors@ Questions against Dr. $rosaG wri##en 8* Roa an4 5u8lis$e4 in #$e Mar)$6A5ril 9GG; issue of #$e Den#al Tra4in' +os#1 T$e ar#i)le 4el/e4 in#o #$e 5ossi8ili#* of a fa#$er, w$o $a55ene4 #o 8e an e7aminer in a li)ensure e7amina#ion for 4en#is#r* w$ere $is sons were e7aminees, mani5ula#in' #$e e7amina#ions or #$e resul#s #$ereof #o ena8le $is )$il4ren #o #o5 #$e same1 +asi' &i#* +rose)u#or Noel +a3 4ismisse4 OrosaEs )om5lain#1 A))or4in'l*, #$e 5u8li)a#ion is a 8ona fi4e )ommuni)a#ion on ma##ers of 5u8li) )on)ern, an4 ma4e wi#$ou# mali)e1 T$e De5ar#men# of %us#i)e fa/ore4 Roa1 T$e Re'ional Trial &our# re/erse4 #$is1 On a55eal #o #$e &our# of A55eals, #$e 4e)ision was affirme41 ISSUE#
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique !# BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
($e#$er or no# a 5e#i#ion for re/iew un4er Rule A> of #$e 9GGC Rules of &i/il +ro)e4ure is a 5ro5er mo4e of a55eal from a Resolu#ion of #$e Se)re#ar* of %us#i)e .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1 Rule A> 'o/erns all a55eals from #$e &our# of Ta7 A55eals an4 2uasi6ju4i)ial 8o4ies #o #$e &our# of A55eals1 Se)#ion 9 #$ereof 5ro/i4es?
Se)#ion 91 S)o5e1V T$is Rule s$all a55l* #o a55eals from ju4'men#s or final or4ers of #$e &our# of Ta7 A55eals, an4 from awar4s, ju4'men#s, final or4ers or resolu#ions of or au#$ori3e4 8* an* 2uasi6ju4i)ial a'en)* in #$e e7er)ise of i#s 2uasi6ju4i)ial fun)#ions1 Amon' #$ese a'en)ies are #$e &i/il Ser/i)e &ommission, &en#ral Boar4 of Assessmen# A55eals, Se)uri#ies an4 E7)$an'e &ommission, Offi)e of #$e +resi4en#, Lan4 Re'is#ra#ion Au#$ori#*, So)ial Se)uri#* &ommission, &i/il Aeronau#i)s Boar4, Bureau of +a#en#s, Tra4emar=s an4 Te)$nolo'* Transfer, Na#ional Ele)#rifi)a#ion A4minis#ra#ion, Ener'* Re'ula#or* Boar4, Na#ional Tele)ommuni)a#ions &ommission, De5ar#men# of A'rarian Reform un4er Re5u8li) A)# No1 ;;:C, Go/ernmen# Ser/i)e an4 !nsuran)e S*s#em, Em5lo*eesS &om5ensa#ion &ommission, A'ri)ul#ural !n/en#ions Boar4, !nsuran)e &ommission, +$ili55ine A#omi) Ener'* &ommission, Boar4 of !n/es#men#s, &ons#ru)#ion !n4us#r* Ar8i#ra#ion &ommission, an4 /olun#ar* ar8i#ra#ors au#$ori3e4 8* law1
T$e DO% is no# amon' #$e a'en)ies e75ressl* enumera#e4 un4er Se)#ion 9 of Rule A>, al8ei# an* su''es#ion #$a# i# 4oes no# 5erform 2uasi6ju4i)ial fun)#ions ma* $a/e #o 8e reje)#e41 owe/er, i#s a8sen)e from #$e lis# of a'en)ies men#ione4 #$ereun4er 4oes no#, 8* #$is fa)# alone, alrea4* im5l* i#s e7)lusion from #$e )o/era'e of sai4 Rule1 T$is is 8e)ause sai4 Se)#ion 9 uses #$e 5$rase Ga!ong these agencies&G #$ere8* im5l*in' #$a# #$e enumera#ion ma4e is no# e7)lusi/e of #$e a'en)ies #$erein lis#e41 T$ere is )om5ellin' reason #o 8elie/e, $owe/er, #$a# #$e e7)lusion of #$e DO% from #$e lis# is 4eli8era#e, 8ein' in )onsonan)e wi#$ #$e )ons#i#u#ional 5ower of )on#rol lo4'e4 in #$e +resi4en# o/er e7e)u#i/e 4e5ar#men#s, 8ureaus an4 offi)es1 T>i, +ow(* of co)t*ol w>ic> (v() Co)7*(,, ca))ot li<it l(t alo)( wit>:*aw <(a), t>( +ow(* of t>( C>i(f E@(cutiv( to *(vi(w alt(* <o:ify )ullify o* ,(t a,i:( w>at a ,u4o*:i)at( ($7$ <(<4(*, of t>( Ca4i)(t a): >(a:, of li)( a7()ci(, >a: :o)( i) t>( +(*fo*<a)c( of t>(i* :uti(, a): to ,u4,titut( t>( Gu:7<()t of t>( fo*<(* fo* t>at of t>( latt(*$ !(i)7 u):(* t>( co)t*ol of t>( P*(,i:()t t>( S(c*(ta*y of Ju,tic( o* to 4( +*(ci,( >i, :(ci,io) i, ,u4G(ct to *(vi(w of t>( fo*<(*$ I) fi)( *(cou*,( f*o< t>( :(ci,io) of t>( S(c*(ta*y of Ju,tic( ,>oul: 4( to t>( P*(,i:()t i),t(a: of t>( CA u):(* t>( (,ta4li,>(: +*i)ci+l( of (@>au,tio) of a:<i)i,t*ativ( *(<(:i(,$ T$e #$rus# of #$e rule on e7$aus#ion of a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies is #$a# if an a55eal or reme4* o8#ains or is a/aila8le wi#$in #$e a4minis#ra#i/e ma)$iner*, #$is s$oul4 8e resor#e4 #o 8efore resor# )an 8e ma4e #o #$e )our#s1 !mme4ia#e re)ourse #o #$e )our# woul4 8e 5rema#ure an4 5re)i5i#a#e1 METRO CONSTRUCTION INC$ v$ C.AT.AM PROPERTIES INC$ '$R$ No$ &0&CB1 20 S(+t(<4(* 233& 5Davi:( J*$ J$8 9nder Circular -o. ;-E;& appeals ro! the ar#itral awards o the C1AC !a% #e #rought to the Court o Appeals& and not to the 4upre!e Court alone. 1n the irst place& it is a (uasi-?udicial agenc%. A (uasi-?udicial agenc% or #od% has #een de ined as an organ o govern!ent other than a court and other than a legislature& which a ects the rights o private parties through either ad?udication or rule-!a.ing./he grounds or the appeal are li.ewise #roadened to include appeals on
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique !$ BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
&$a#$am +ro5er#ies, !n)1 ,& AT AM0 an4 Me#ro &ons#ru)#ion, !n)1 ,M&!0 en#ere4 in#o a )on#ra)# for #$e )ons#ru)#ion of a mul#i6 s#ore* 8uil4in' =nown as #$e &$a#$am ouse in Sal)e4o Villa'e, Ma=a#i &i#*1 M&! sou'$# #o )olle)# from & AT AM a sum of mone* for un5ai4 5ro'ress 8illin's an4 o#$er )$ar'es an4 ins#i#u#e4 a re2ues# for a4ju4i)a#ion of i#s )laims wi#$ #$e &ons#ru)#ion !n4us#r* Ar8i#ra#ion &ommission ,&!A&01 &!A& ren4ere4 a 4e)ision in fa/or of M&! 4ire)#in' & AT AM #o 5a* M&! #$e ne# sum of +9;,9-;,G--1G91 T$e &our# of A55eals affirme4 #$e 4e)ision of &!A& 8ase4 on #$e juris5ru4en#ial 5rin)i5le #$a# a8sen# an* s$owin' of ar8i#rariness, #$e &!A&Es fin4in's as an a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)* an4 2uasi6ju4i)ial 8o4* s$oul4 no# onl* 8e a))or4e4 'rea# res5e)# 8u# also 'i/en #$e s#am5 of finali#*1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e &our# of A55eals )an re/iew fin4in's of fa)#s of #$e &ons#ru)#ion !n4us#r* Ar8i#ra#ion &ommission ,&!A&0 .ELD# +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 !# is )lear #$a# &ir)ular No1 96G9 of #$e Su5reme &our# )o/ers #$e &!A&1 !n #$e firs# 5la)e, i# is a 2uasi6ju4i)ial a'en)*1 A 9ua,i6Gu:icial a7()cy or 8o4* $as 8een 4efine4 as a) o*7a) of 7ov(*)<()t ot>(* t>a) a cou*t a): ot>(* t>a) a l(7i,latu*( w>ic> aff(ct, t>( *i7>t, of +*ivat( +a*ti(, t>*ou7> (it>(* a:Gu:icatio) o* *ul(6<aHi)71 T$e /er* 4efini#ion of an a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)* in)lu4es i#s 8ein' /es#e4 wi#$ 2uasi6ju4i)ial 5owers1 T$e e/er in)reasin' /arie#* of 5owers an4 fun)#ions 'i/en #o a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)ies re)o'ni3es #$e nee4 for #$e a)#i/e in#er/en#ion of a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)ies in ma##ers )allin' for #e)$ni)al =nowle4'e an4 s5ee4 in )oun#less )on#ro/ersies w$i)$ )anno# 5ossi8l* 8e $an4le4 8* re'ular )our#s1 T$e &!A&Es 5rimar* fun)#ion is #$a# of a 2uasi6ju4i)ial a'en)*, w$i)$ is #o a4ju4i)a#e )laims an4<or 4e#ermine ri'$#s in a))or4an)e wi#$ 5ro)e4ures se# for#$ in E1O1 No1 9DDB1 T$e lan'ua'e of Se)#ion 9 of &ir)ular No1 96G9 em5$asi3es #$e o8/ious in)lusion of #$e &!A& e/en if i# is no# name4 in #$e enumera#ion of 2uasi6ju4i)ial a'en)ies1 T$e in#ro4u)#or* wor4s Hamon' #$ese a'en)ies areI 5re)e4in' #$e enumera#ion of s5e)ifi) 2uasi6ju4i)ial a'en)ies onl* $i'$li'$# #$e fa)# #$a# #$e lis# is no# e7)lusi/e or )on)lusi/e1 .ur#$er, #$e o/er#ure s#resses an4 a)=nowle4'es #$e e7is#en)e of o#$er 2uasi6ju4i)ial a'en)ies no# in)lu4e4 in #$e enumera#ion 8u# s$oul4 8e 4eeme4 in)lu4e41 !n a44i#ion, #$e &!A& is o8/iousl* e7)lu4e4 in #$e )a#alo'ue of )ases no# )o/ere4 8* #$e &ir)ular an4 men#ione4 in Se)#ion - #$ereof for #$e reason #$a# a# #$e #ime #$e &ir)ular #oo= effe)#, E1O1 No1 9DDB allows a55eals #o #$e Su5reme &our# on 2ues#ions of law1 T>u, u):(* Ci*cula* No$ &6B& a++(al, f*o< t>( a*4it*al awa*:, of t>( CIAC <ay 4( 4*ou7>t to t>( Cou*t of A++(al, a): )ot to t>( Su+*(<( Cou*t alo)($ T>( 7*ou):, fo* t>( a++(al a*( liH(wi,( 4*oa:()(: to i)clu:( a++(al, o) 9u(,tio), of fact, a): a++(al, i)volvi)7 <i@(: 9u(,tio), of fact a): law$ T>( Gu*i,:ictio) of t>( Cou*t of A++(al, ov(* a++(al, f*o< fi)al o*:(*, o* :(ci,io), of t>( CIAC i, fu*t>(* fo*tifi(: 4y t>( a<():<()t, to !$P$ !l7$&2B a, i)t*o:uc(: 4y R$A$ No$ 1B32$ (i#$
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique !% BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
#$e amen4men#s, #$e &our# of A55eals is /es#e4 wi#$ a55ella#e juris4i)#ion o/er all final ju4'men#s, 4e)isions, resolu#ions, or4ers or awar4s of Re'ional Trial &our#s an4 2uasi6ju4i)ial a'en)ies, ins#rumen#ali#ies, 8oar4s or )ommissions, e7)e5# H#$ose wi#$in #$e a55ella#e juris4i)#ion of #$e Su5reme &our# in a))or4an)e wi#$ #$e &ons#i#u#ion, #$e La8or &o4e of #$e +$ili55ines un4er +resi4en#ial De)ree No1 AA-, as amen4e4, #$e 5ro/isions of #$is A)#, an4 of su85ara'ra5$ ,90 of #$e #$ir4 5ara'ra5$ an4 su85ara'ra5$ ,A0 of #$e four#$ 5ara'ra5$ of Se)#ion 9C of #$e %u4i)iar* A)# of 9GAB1I
ELISEO SORIANO v$ MOVIE AND TELEVISION REVIEW AND CLASSIFICATION !OARD '$R$ No$ &/01CD 2B A+*il 233B EN BANC 5V(la,co J*$ J$8 4tatutes i!posing prior restraints on speech are generall% illegal and presu!ed unconstitutional #reaches o the reedo! o speech. /he exceptions to prior restraint are !ovies& television& and radio #roadcast censorship in view o its access to nu!erous people& including the %oung who !ust #e insulated ro! the pre?udicial e ects o unprotected speech. /he 3/"CB !a% prohi#it the #roadcast o television progra!s or cancel per!its or Eliseo Soriano ,Soriano0, $os# of #$e 5ro'ram HAn' Da#in' DaanI in UNTV >C ma4e #$e followin' remar=s w$ile 8ein' aire4? HLehiti!ong ana. ng de!on%oA sinungalingA Gago .a talaga 3ichael& !asahol .a pa sa putang #a#ae o di #a. Lung putang #a#ae ang gu!agana lang doon %ung i#a#a& MditoN .a% 3ichael ang gu!agana ang itaas& o di #aO $& !asahol pa sa putang #a#ae %an. 4a#i ng lola .o !asahol pa sa putang #a#ae %an. 4o#ra ang .asinungalingan ng !ga de!on%ong ito 1I T$us, affi4a/i#6)om5lain#s were file4 8* %essie L1 Gala5on an4 se/en o#$er 5ri/a#e res5on4en#s, all mem8ers of #$e !'lesia ni &ris#o a'ains# Soriano 8efore #$e Mo/ie an4 Tele/ision Re/iew an4 &lassifi)a#ion Boar4 ,MTR&B01 T$e MTR&B 5re/en#i/el* sus5en4e4 HAn' Da#in' DaanI 5ro'ram for -D 4a*s, in a))or4an)e wi#$ Se)#ion >,40 of +resi4en#ial De)ree No1 ,+D0 9GB;1 en)e, Soriano file4 wi#$ #$e Su5reme &our# a 5e#i#ion for )er#iorari an4 5ro$i8i#ion #o nullif* #$e 5re/en#i/e sus5ension or4er issue4 8* MTR&B1 MTR&B issue4 a 4e)ision fin4in' res5on4en# Soriano lia8le for $is u##eran)es an4 #$ere8* im5osin' on $im a 5enal#* of #$ree ,>0 mon#$s sus5ension from $is 5ro'ram, HAn' Da#in' DaanI1 en)e, Soriano file4 a 5e#i#ion for )er#iorari an4 5ro$i8i#ion wi#$ 5ra*er for injun)#i/e relief1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# +1D1 9GB; is un)ons#i#u#ional .ELD# +e#i#ion PARTIALLY 'RANTED1 +1D1 9GB; re/eals #$e 5ossession 8* #$e a'en)* of #$e au#$ori#* #o issue #$e )$allen'e4 or4er of 5re/en#i/e sus5ension1 An4 #$is au#$ori#* s#ems na#urall* from, an4 is ne)essar* for #$e e7er)ise of, i#s 5ower of re'ula#ion an4 su5er/ision1 P*(v()tiv( ,u,+(),io), i# ou'$# #o 8e no#e4, is no# a 5enal#* 8* i#self, 8ein' merel* a 5reliminar* s#e5 in an a4minis#ra#i/e in/es#i'a#ion1 An4 #$e 5ower #o 4is)i5line an4 im5ose 5enal#ies, if 'ran#e4, )arries wi#$ i# #$e 5ower #o in/es#i'a#e a4minis#ra#i/e )om5lain#s an4, 4urin' su)$ in/es#i'a#ion, #o 5re/en#i/el* sus5en4 #$e 5erson su8je)# of #$e )om5lain#1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique !& BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
3/"CB& #% express and direct con er!ent o power and unctions& is charged with supervising and regulating& granting& den%ing& or cancelling per!its or the exhi#ition and+or television #roadcast o all !otion pictures& television progra!s& and pu#licit% !aterials to the end that no such o#?ectiona#le pictures& progra!s& and !aterials shall #e exhi#ited and+or #roadcast #% television. /he investiture o supervisor%& regulator%& and disciplinar% power would surel% #e a !eaningless grant i it did not carr% with it the power to penali6e the supervised or the regulated as !a% #e proportionate to the o ense co!!itted& charged& and proved.
!# was $el4 #$a# #$e 5ower of re/iew an4 5rior a55ro/al of MTR&B e7#en4s #o all #ele/ision 5ro'rams an4 is /ali4 4es5i#e #$e free4om of s5ee)$ 'uaran#ee4 8* #$e &ons#i#u#ion1 T$us, all 8roa4)as# ne#wor=s are re'ula#e4 8* #$e MTR&B sin)e #$e* are re2uire4 #o 'e# a 5ermi# 8efore #$e* air #$eir #ele/ision 5ro'rams1 &onse2uen#l*, #$eir ri'$# #o enjo* #$eir free4om of s5ee)$ is su8je)# #o #$a# re2uiremen#1 T$e s#a#ions e75li)i#l* a'ree4 #o #$is re'ula#or* s)$eme@ o#$erwise, )$aos woul4 resul# in #$e #ele/ision 8roa4)as# in4us#r* as )om5e#in' 8roa4)as#ers will in#erfere or )o6o5# ea)$ o#$erEs si'nals1 I) t>i, ,c>(<( ,tatio) ow)(*, a): 4*oa:ca,t(*, i) (ff(ct waiv(: t>(i* *i7>t to t>( full ()Goy<()t of t>(i* *i7>t to f*((:o< of ,+((c> i) *a:io a): t(l(vi,io) +*o7*a<, a): i<+li(:ly a7*((: t>at ,ai: *i7>t <ay 4( ,u4G(ct to +*io* *(,t*ai)tP:()ial of +(*<it o* ,u4,(9u()t +u)i,><()t liH( ,u,+(),io) o* ca)c(llatio) of +(*<it a<o)7 ot>(*,$
T$e #$ree ,>0 mon#$s sus5ension in #$is )ase is no# a 5rior res#rain# on #$e ri'$# of 5e#i#ioner #o )on#inue wi#$ #$e 8roa4)as# of An' Da#in' Daan as a 5ermi# was alrea4* issue4 #o $im 8* MTR&B for su)$ 8roa4)as#1 Ra#$er, t>( ,u,+(),io) i, i) t>( fo*< of +(*<i,,i4l( a:<i)i,t*ativ( ,a)ctio) o* ,u4,(9u()t +u)i,><()t fo* t>( off(),iv( a): o4,c()( *(<a*H, >( utt(*(:$ It i, a ,a)ctio) t>at t>( MTRC! <ay vali:ly i<+o,( u):(* it, c>a*t(* wit>out *u))i)7 afoul of t>( f*(( ,+((c> clau,($ An4 #$e im5osi#ion is se5ara#e an4 4is#in)# from #$e )riminal a)#ion #$e Boar4 ma* #a=e 5ursuan# #o Se)1 > ,i0 of +D 9GB; an4 #$e reme4ies #$a# ma* 8e a/aile4 of 8* #$e a''rie/e4 5ri/a#e 5ar#* un4er #$e 5ro/isions on li8el or #or#, if a55li)a8le1 owe/er, t>( ,u,+(),io) ,>oul: cov(* o)ly t>( t(l(vi,io) +*o7*a< o) w>ic> So*ia)o a++(a*(: a): utt(*(: t>( off(),iv( a): o4,c()( la)7ua7( w>ic> ,a)ctio) i, w>at t>( law a): t>( fact, o4tai)i)7 call fo*$ On #$e las# no# free4oms of s5ee)$ an4 e75ression are no# a8solu#e free4oms1 To sa* Kan* a)# #$a# res#rains s5ee)$ s$oul4 8e 'ree#e4 wi#$ furrowe4 8rowsK is no# #o sa* #$a# an* a)# #$a# res#rains or re'ula#es s5ee)$ or e75ression is 5er se in/ali41 T$is onl* re)o'ni3es #$e im5or#an)e of free4oms of s5ee)$ an4 e75ression, an4 in4i)a#es #$e ne)essi#* #o )arefull* s)ru#ini3e a)#s #$a# ma* res#rain or re'ula#e s5ee)$1 EMELITA DORAN v$ E-ECUTIVE JUD'E LUCLON JR$ '$R$ No$ &D&A00 2/ S(+t(<4(* 233/ 5Sa):oval6'uti(**(? J$8 Bhere an ad!inistrative #od% or o icer does not exercise ?udicial or (uasi-?udicial power& certiorari does not lie. Emeli#a A1 Doran file4 an affi4a/i#6)om5lain# )$ar'in' %u4'e &am5os wi#$ 'ra/e mis)on4u)#1 %u4'e &am5os 4enie4 5e#i#ionerSs alle'a#ions1 Af#er Doran $a4 )om5le#e4 #$e 5resen#a#ion of $er e/i4en)e, %u4'e &am5os file4 a Mo#ion an4 Manifes#a#ion 5ra*in' #$a# $e 8e allowe4 #o file a de!urrer to evidence sin)e 5e#i#ioner faile4 #o su8s#an#ia#e #$e alle'a#ions in $er )om5lain#1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique "' BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
Doran o55ose4 #$e mo#ion #o allow $im a 4emurrer #o e/i4en)e ar'uin' #$a# su)$ 5lea4in' is no# 5ermi##e4 sin)e #$e a4minis#ra#i/e 5ro)ee4in' is in/es#i'a#i/e in na#ure1 S$e )i#e4 S(ctio) D Rul( &AB6! of #$e Rules of &our#1 %u4'e Lu)3on allowe4 %u4'e &am5os #o file $is 4emurrer #o e/i4en)e an4 Doran #o file $er o55osi#ion #$ere#o1 Doran )$allen'e4 %u4'e Lu)3onSs rulin' /ia a S5e)ial &i/il a)#ion of &er#iorari1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# filin' of a S5e)ial &i/il A)#ion of &er#iorari is 5ro5er .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1 I) o*:(* t>at a ,+(cial civil actio) of c(*tio*a*i <ay 4( i)voH(: t>( +(titio) <u,t 4( :i*(ct(: a7ai),t a)y t*i4u)al 4oa*: o* offic(* ;(@(*ci,i)7 Gu:icial o* 9ua,i6Gu:icial fu)ctio), ; w>ic> ;act(: wit>out o* i) (@c(,, of it, o* >i, Gu*i,:ictio) o* wit> 7*av( a4u,( of :i,c*(tio) a<ou)ti)7 to lacH o* (@c(,, of Gu*i,:ictio) a): t>(*( i, )o a++(al )o* a)y +lai) ,+((:y a): a:(9uat( *(<(:y i) t>( o*:i)a*y cou*,( of law$; A44i#ionall*, i# is #$e na#ure of #$e a)# #o 8e 5erforme4, ra#$er #$an of #$e offi)e, 8oar4 or 8o4* w$i)$ 5erforms i#, #$a# 4e#ermines w$e#$er or no# i# is e7er)isin' a ju4i)ial or 2uasi6ju4i)ial fun)#ion1 %u4i)ial or 2uasi6ju4i)ial fun)#ion in/ol/es #$e 4e#ermina#ion of w$a# #$e law is, an4 w$a# #$e le'al ri'$#s of #$e )on#en4in' 5ar#ies are, wi#$ res5e)# #o #$e ma##er in )on#ro/ers* an4, on #$e 8asis #$ereof an4 #$e fa)#s o8#ainin', #$e a4ju4i)a#ion of #$eir res5e)#i/e ri'$#s !# is im5or#an# #o $i'$li'$# #$a# w$a# is assaile4 $ere is #$e rulin' ma4e 8* !n/es#i'a#in' %u4'e Lu)3on allowin' res5on4en# #o file a 4emurrer #o e/i4en)e or mo#ion #o 4ismiss af#er #$e 5e#i#ioner $a4 )om5le#e4 #$e 5resen#a#ion of $er e/i4en)e1 Ju:7( Luc?o) wa, :(,i7)at(: 4y t>i, Cou*t <(*(ly to i)v(,ti7at( a): t>(*(aft(* ,u4<it a *(+o*t a): t>( a++*o+*iat( *(co<<():atio) *(lativ( to t>( ,ai: co<+lai)t$ .i, fu)ctio) i, <(*(ly i)v(,ti7ativ( a): *(co<<():ato*y i) )atu*($ e $as no 5ower #o 5ronoun)e ju4'men# on #$e )on#ro/ers* as su)$ fun)#ion 8elon's onl* #o #$is &our# 5ursuan# #o i#s 5ower of su5er/ision an4 )on#rol o/er )our# 5ersonnel an4 offi)ers1 is 4esi'na#ion as in/es#i'a#or, #$erefore, 4oes no# in/ol/e #$e e7er)ise of ju4i)ial or 2uasi6ju4i)ial 5ower1 en)e, $is a)#<s ma* no# 8e )$allen'e4 in a 5e#i#ion for )er#iorari un4er Rule ;:1 DESTILERIA LIMTUACO INC$ a): CONVOY MARFETIN' CORPORATION v. ADVERTISIN' !OARD OF T.E P.ILIPPINES 2C Nov(<4(* 233C '$R$ No$ &/0202 5Au,t*ia6Ma*ti)(? J$8 /he de inition and purpose o a writ o prohi#ition excludes the use o the writ against an% person or group o persons acting in a purel% private capacit%& and the writ will not #e issued against private individuals or corporations so acting. T$e A:v(*ti,i)7 !oa*: of t>( P>ili++i)(, 5A:!oa*:8 is a non6s#o)=, non65rofi# )or5ora#ion w$i)$ is )om5ose4 of se/eral na#ional or'ani3a#ions in #$e a4/er#isin' in4us#r*1 T$e 4ilemma 8e'un w$en D(,til(*ia a): Co)voy Ma*H(ti)7 Co*+o*atio) ,&on/o*0, #$rou'$ SL' A:v(*ti,i)7 ,SLG0, a mem8er of one of #$e a))re4i#e4 a4/er#isin' or'ani3a#ions un4er A4Boar4, a55lie4 for a )learan)e of #$e
airin' of a ra4io a4/er#isemen# wi#$ a #a'line H Ginaga#i *-a.ati.i! .a na #a ng 2inse An%os,. I A55aren#l*, #$e A4Boar4 issue4 a )learan)e for sai4 a4/er#isemen#1 Some )om5lain#s an4 ne'a#i/e fee48a)=s were re)ei/e4 8* #$e A4Boar41 T$is o5#e4 #$em #o as= SLG for a re5la)emen#1 T$is was no# res5on4e4 8* #$e 5e#i#ioner1 Af#er some #ime, #$e A8Boar4 re)alle4 #$e )learan)e i# $as 5re/iousl* issue4 #o #$e 5e#i#ioner1 Des#ileria, as a )onse2uen)e, file4 a 5e#i#ion for writ o prohi#ition and preli!inar% in?unction un4er Rule ;: of #$e Rules of &our#1 A))or4in' #o #$em, re2uirin' a )learan)e from A4Boar4 8efore a4/er#isemen#s )an 8e aire4 amoun#s #o a 4e5ri/a#ion of 5ro5er#* wi#$ou# 4ue 5ro)ess of law1 ISSUE# ($e#$er a 5e#i#ion for wri# of 5ro$i8i#ion will lie a'ains# #$e or4er of A4Boar4 .ELD? +e#i#ion DENIED1 Un4er Se)#ion -, Rule ;: of #$e Rules of &our#, for 5e#i#ioners #o 8e en#i#le4 #o su)$ re)ourse, i# mus# es#a8lis$ #$e followin' re2uisi#es? ,a0 i# mus# 8e 4ire)#e4 a'ains# a #ri8unal, )or5ora#ion, 8oar4 or 5erson e7er)isin' fun)#ions, ju4i)ial, 2uasi6ju4i)ial or minis#erial@ ,80 #$e #ri8unal, )or5ora#ion, 8oar4 or 5erson $as a)#e4 wi#$ou# or in e7)ess of i#s<$is juris4i)#ion, or wi#$ 'ra/e a8use of 4is)re#ion@ an4 ,)0 #$ere is no a55eal or an* o#$er 5lain, s5ee4*, an4 a4e2ua#e reme4* in #$e or4inar* )ourse of law A))or4in' #o well6se##le4 rules, an a'en)* is sai4 #o 8e e7er)isin' ju4i)ial fun)#ion 8* w$i)$ $e $as #$e 5ower #o 4e#ermine w$a# #$e law is an4 w$a# #$e le'al ri'$#s of #$e 5ar#ies are, an4 #$en un4er#a=es #o 4e#ermine #$ese 2ues#ions an4 a4ju4i)a#e u5on #$e ri'$#s of #$e 5ar#ies1 Kua,i6Gu:icial fu)ctio) is a #erm w$i)$ a55lies #o #$e a)#ion an4 4is)re#ion of 5u8li) a4minis#ra#i/e offi)ers or 8o4ies, w$i)$ are re2uire4 #o in/es#i'a#e fa)#s or as)er#ain #$e e7is#en)e of fa)#s, $ol4 $earin's, an4 4raw )on)lusions from #$em as a 8asis for #$eir offi)ial a)#ion an4 #o e7er)ise 4is)re#ion of a ju4i)ial na#ure1 Mi)i,t(*ial fu)ctio) is one w$i)$ an offi)er or #ri8unal 5erforms in #$e )on#e7# of a 'i/en se# of fa)#s, in a 5res)ri8e4 manner an4 wi#$ou# re'ar4 for #$e e7er)ise of $is<i#s own ju4'men# u5on #$e 5ro5rie#* or im5ro5rie#* of #$e a)# 4one1 T>( act, ,ou7>t to 4( +*o>i4it(: i) t>i, ca,( a*( )ot t>( act, of a t*i4u)al 4oa*: offic(* o* +(*,o) (@(*ci,i)7 Gu:icial 9ua,i6Gu:icial o* <i)i,t(*ial fu)ctio),$ W>at i, at co)t(,t >(*( i, t>( +ow(* a): aut>o*ity of a +*ivat( o*7a)i?atio) co<+o,(: of ,(v(*al <(<4(*,6o*7a)i?atio), w>ic> +ow(* a): aut>o*ity w(*( v(,t(: to it 4y it, ow) <(<4(*,$ O4viou,ly +*o>i4itio) will )ot li( i) t>i, ca,($ LINTAN' !EDOL v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS '$R$ No$ &1BCA3 A D(c(<4(* 233B EN BANC 5L(o)a*:o6D( Ca,t*o J$8 /he e ectiveness o the (uasiP?udicial power vested #% law on a govern!ent institution hinges on its authorit% to co!pel attendance o the parties and+or their witnesses at the hearings or proceedings.
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique "2 BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
Atty$ Li)ta)7 !(:ol, &$air of #$e +ro/in)ial Boar4 of &an/assers for #$e 5ro/in)e of Ma'uin4anao, was )$ar'e4 wi#$ 4u#* of 8ein' #$e )on)urren# +ro/in)ial Ele)#ions Su5er/isor for #$e +ro/in)e of S$ariff "a8unsuan1 Due #o )er#ain No8ser/a#ionsE on #$e 5ro/in)ial )er#ifi)a#es of )an/ass 8* )er#ain 5ar#ies, )an/assin' of #$e )er#ifi)a#e was $el4 in a8e*an)e, )onse2uen#l*, A##*1 Be4ol was 2uerie4 on #$e alle'e4 frau4 w$i)$ a##en4e4 #$e )on4u)# of ele)#ions in $is area of res5onsi8ili#*1 T$e &ommission on Ele)#ions ,&OMELE&0, #o 4e#ermine e7is#in' )on#ro/ersies )rea#e4 Ta,H Fo*c( Ma7ui):a)ao w$i)$ was #as=e4 #o )on4u)# a fa)#6fin4in' in/es#i'a#ion on #$e )on4u)# of ele)#ions an4 )er#ifi)a#es of )an/ass from #$e )i#* an4 muni)i5ali#ies in Ma'uin4anao1 ($en A##*1 Be4ol was 2ues#ione4 8* #$e Tas= .or)e, $e e75laine4 #$a# w$ile in $is )us#o4* an4 5ossession #$e ele)#ion 5ara5$ernalia were s#olen1 On #$e ne7# $earin', A##*1 Be4ol faile4 #o a55ear 4es5i#e 4ue no#i)e1 !ns#ea4, A##*1 Be4ol )ame ou# on na#ional news5a5ers an4 in )lear 4efian)e of #$e &ommission 5os#e4 #$e )$allen'e 8* sa*in' #$a# Cthose that are sa%ing that there was cheating in 3aguindanao& ile a case against !e to!orrow& the next da%. /he% should ile a case now and 1 will answer their accusations.D &OMELE& issue4 a Conte!pt Charge and 4how Cause $rder a'ains# A##*1 Be4ol1 Des5i#e #$is, A##*1 Be4ol main#aine4 $is o8je)#ion #o #$e juris4i)#ion of #$e &OMELE& #o ini#ia#e #$e )on#em5# 5ro)ee4in's on 'roun4 #$a# #$e &OMELE&, si##in' en 8an) as #$e Na#ional Boar4 of &an/assers for #$e ele)#ion of sena#ors, was 5erformin' i#s a4minis#ra#i/e an4 no# i#s 2uasi6ju4i)ial fun)#ions1 Moreo/er, $e a44e4 #$a# &OMELE&, in #$a# )a5a)i#*, )oul4 no# 5unis$ $im for )on#em5#1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# &OMELE& )an ini#ia#e )on#em5# 5ro)ee4in's 4es5i#e #$e fa)# #$a# i# was 5erformin' a4minis#ra#i/e fun)#ions as #$e Na#ional Boar4 of &an/assers for #$e ele)#ion of sena#ors .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1 T>( COMELEC +o,,(,,(, t>( +ow(* to co):uct i)v(,ti7atio), a, a) a:Gu)ct to it, co),titutio)al :uty to ()fo*c( a): a:<i)i,t(* all (l(ctio) law, ,5ara'ra5$ ;, Se)#ion -, Ar#i)le !O of #$e 9GBC &ons#i#u#ion01 T$e 5owers an4 fun)#ions of #$e &OMELE&, )onferre4 u5on i# 8* #$e 9GBC &ons#i#u#ion an4 #$e Omni8us Ele)#ion &o4e, ma* 8e )lassifie4 in#o? 91 A4minis#ra#i/e -1 Muasi6le'isla#i/e >1 Muasi6ju4i)ial T$e 9ua,i6Gu:icial +ow(* of #$e &OMELE& em8ra)es #$e power to resolve controversies arising ro! the en orce!ent o election laws& and to #e the sole ?udge o all pre-procla!ation controversiesA and o all contests relating to the elections& returns& and (uali ications 1 On #$e o#$er $an4, i#s 9ua,i6l(7i,lativ( +ow(* refers #o #$e issuance o rules and regulations to i!ple!ent the election laws and to exercise such legislative unctions as !a% expressl% #e delegated to it #% Congress 1 Las#l*, i#s a:<i)i,t*ativ( fu)ctio) refers #o #$e en orce!ent and ad!inistration o election laws 1 !n #$e e7er)ise of su)$ 5ower, #$e &ons#i#u#ion an4 #$e Omni8us Ele)#ion &o4e au#$ori3e #$e &OMELE& #o issue rules an4 re'ula#ions #o im5lemen# #$e 5ro/isions of #$e 9GBC &ons#i#u#ion an4 #$e Omni8us Ele)#ion &o4e1 !# mus#
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique "3 BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
8e no#e4 #$a# #$e #$e 2uasi6ju4i)ial or a4minis#ra#i/e a4ju4i)a#or* 5ower is #$e 5ower #o $ear an4 4e#ermine 2ues#ions of fa)# #o w$i)$ #$e le'isla#i/e 5oli)* is #o a55l*, an4 #o 4e)i4e in a))or4an)e wi#$ #$e s#an4ar4s lai4 4own 8* #$e law i#self in enfor)in' an4 a4minis#erin' #$e same law1 Tas= .or)e Ma'uin4anaoEs fa)#6fin4in' in/es#i'a#ion, w$i)$ is #o 5ro8e in#o #$e /era)i#* of #$e alle'e4 frau4 #$a# marre4 #$e ele)#ions in sai4 5ro/in)e@ an4 )onse2uen#l*, #o 4e#ermine w$e#$er #$e )er#ifi)a#es of )an/ass were 'enuine or s5urious, an4 w$e#$er an ele)#ion offense $a4 5ossi8l* 8een )ommi##e4, )oul4 8* no means 8e )lassifie4 as a 5urel* minis#erial or a4minis#ra#i/e fun)#ion1 T$e &OMELE&, #$rou'$ #$e Tas= .or)e Ma'uin4anao, was e7er)isin' i#s 9ua,i6Gu:icial +ow(* in 5ursui# of #$e #ru#$ 8e$in4 #$e alle'a#ions of massi/e frau4 4urin' #$e ele)#ions in Ma'uin4anao1 To ac>i(v( it, o4G(ctiv( t>( Ta,H Fo*c( co):uct(: >(a*i)7, a): *(9ui*(: t>( att():a)c( of t>( +a*ti(, co)c(*)(: a): t>(i* cou),(l, to 7iv( t>(< t>( o++o*tu)ity to a*7u( a): ,u++o*t t>(i* *(,+(ctiv( +o,itio),$ To wit>>ol: f*o< t>( COMELEC t>( +ow(* to +u)i,> i):ivi:ual, w>o *(fu,( to a++(a* :u*i)7 a fact6 fi):i)7 i)v(,ti7atio) :(,+it( a +*(viou, )otic( a): o*:(* to att(): woul: *():(* )u7ato*y t>( COMELECJ, i)v(,ti7ativ( +ow(* w>ic> i, a) (,,()tial i)ci:()t to it, co),titutio)al <a):at( to ,(cu*( t>( co):uct of >o)(,t a): c*(:i4l( (l(ctio),$ MANUEL F$ CA!AL v$ .ON$ RUPERTO FAPUNAN J*$ '$R$ No$ L6&B3D2 2B D(c(<4(* &B/2 EN BANC 5Co)c(+cio) J$8 Proceedings or or eiture o propert% are dee!ed cri!inal or penal. Accordingl%& since the de endants are exe!pted in a cri!inal case ro! the o#ligation to #e witnesses against the!selves& Col$ Jo,( C$ Ma*i,t(la file4 a le##er6)om5lain# )$ar'in' Ma)u(l Ca4al, #$en Chie o 4ta of #$e Arme4 .or)es of #$e +$ili55ines, wi#$ H'raf#, )orru5# 5ra)#i)es, une75laine4 weal#$, )on4u)# un8e)omin' of an offi)er an4 'en#leman 4i)#a#orial #en4en)ies, 'i/in' false s#a#emen#s of $is asse#s an4 lia8ili#ies in 9G:B an4 o#$er e2uall* re5re$ensi8le a)#s1I T$us, #$e +resi4en# )rea#e4 a )ommi##ee : mem8ers #o in/es#i'a#e #$e )$ar'e of une75laine4 weal#$ )on#aine4 in sai4 le##er6)om5lain# an4 su8mi# i#s re5or# an4 re)ommen4a#ions as soon as 5ossi8le1 ($en #$e )ommi##ee as=e4 &a8al #o #a=e #$e wi#ness s#an4, &a8al o8je)#e4 in/o=in' $is )ons#i#u#ional *i7>t a7ai),t ,(lf6i)c*i<i)atio) 1 T$e &ommi##ee referre4 #$e ma##er #o #$e &i#* .is)al of Manila1 T$e &i#* .is)al file4 a )$ar'e for )on#em5# a'ains# &a8al1 &a8al file4 wi#$ %u4'e "a5unan a !otion to (uash #$e )$ar'e u5on #$e 'roun41 A))or4in' #o $im, #$e &ommi##ee $a4 no 5ower #o or4er &a8al #o #a=e #$e wi#ness s#an4 an4 8e sworn #o, u5on #$e re2ues# of &ol1 Maris#ela, as wi#ness for #$e la##er, inasmu)$ as sai4 or4er /iola#es 5e#i#ionerSs )ons#i#u#ional ri'$# a'ains# self6in)rimina#ion1 %u4'e "a5unan 4enie4 #$is1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e 5ro)ee4in's $el4 8* #$e &ommi##ee is )i/il an4 #$erefore, &a8al ma* no# al#o'e#$er refuse #o #a=e #$e wi#ness s#an4 .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique "! BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
T$e A)ti6'*aft Law, allows #$e forfei#ure in fa/or #o #$e S#a#e of 5ro5er#* of a 5u8li) offi)er or em5lo*ee w$i)$ is manifes#l* ou# of 5ro5or#ion #o $is salar*1 T$us, su)$ forfei#ure $as 8een $el4 #o 5ar#a=e of #$e na#ure of a 5enal#*1 !# $as 8een se##le4 #$a# informa#ions for #$e forfei#ure of 'oo4s #$a# see= no ju4'men# of fine or im5risonmen# a'ains# an* 5erson are 4eeme4 #o 8e civil proceedings in re!1 owe/er, no#wi#$s#an4in' #$e same, ,uc> +*oc((:i)7, a*( c*i<i)al i) )atu*( to t>( (@t()t t>at w>(*( t>( +(*,o) u,i)7 t>( *(, ill(7ally i, t>( ow)(* o* *i7>tful +o,,(,,o* of it t>( fo*f(itu*( +*oc((:i)7 i, i) t>( )atu*( of a +u)i,><()t$ A))or4in' #o #$e au#$ori#ies su)$ 5ro)ee4in's, w$ere #$e owner of #$e 5ro5er#* a55ears, are so far )onsi4ere4 as 2uasi6)riminal 5ro)ee4in' as #o relie/e #$e owner from 8ein' a wi#ness a'ains# $imself an4 #o 5re/en# #$e )om5ulsor* 5ro4u)#ion of $is 8oo=s an4 5a5ers1 A, a co),(9u()c( +*oc((:i)7, fo* fo*f(itu*( of +*o+(*ty a*( :((<(: c*i<i)al o* +()al$ Acco*:i)7ly ,i)c( t>( :(f():a)t, a*( (@(<+t(: i) a c*i<i)al ca,( f*o< t>( o4li7atio) to 4( wit)(,,(, a7ai),t t>(<,(lv(, ,uc> a++li(, t>(*(to$ ARSENIO PASCUAL J*$ v. !OARD OF MEDICAL E-AMINERS et al$ '$R$ No$ L62D3&C 2/ May &B/B EN BANC 5F(*)a):o J.8 1n an ad!inistrative hearing against a !edical practitioner or alleged !alpractice& Board o 3edical Exa!iners cannot& consistentl% with the sel -incri!ination clause& co!pel the person proceeded against to ta.e the witness stand without his consent. A*,()io Pa,cual was )$ar'e4 wi#$ !alpractice1 e was alle'e4 wi#$ immorali#*, amon' o#$ers1 A55aren#l*, #$e )ounsel for )om5lainan#s announ)e4 #$a# $e woul4 5resen# as $is firs# wi#ness +as)ual1 Of )ourse, +as)ual o8je)#e4 rel*in' on #$e )ons#i#u#ional ri'$# #o 8e e7em5# from 8ein' a wi#ness a'ains# $imself1 e also alle'e4 #$a# in #$us rulin' #o )om5el $im #o #a=e #$e wi#ness s#an4, #$e Boar4 of E7aminers was 'uil#*, a# #$e /er* leas#, of 'ra/e a8use of 4is)re#ion for failure #o res5e)# #$e )ons#i#u#ional ri'$# a'ains# self6in)rimina#ion, #$e a4minis#ra#i/e 5ro)ee4in' a'ains# $im, w$i)$ )oul4 resul# in forfei#ure or loss of a 5ri/ile'e, 8ein' 2uasi6)riminal in )$ara)#er1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e ri'$# a'ains# self6in)rimina#ion )an 8e a/aile4 of in an a4minis#ra#i/e $earin' .ELD# +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 !n a))or4an)e wi#$ #$e well6se##le4 5rin)i5le, t>( accu,(: i) a c*i<i)al ca,( <ay *(fu,( )ot o)ly to a),w(* i)c*i<i)ato*y 9u(,tio) 4ut al,o to taH( t>( wit)(,, ,ta):$ T$e &our# fa/ors +as)ual, o#$erwise, $e woul4 8e 4isa4/an#a'e41 !f $e will no# 8e allowe4 #o refuse, )$an)es are, $e woul4 suffer #$e re/o)a#ion of $is li)ense as a me4i)al 5ra)#i#ioner1 Suc> a +*i)ci+l( i, (9ually a++lica4l( to a +*oc((:i)7 t>at coul: +o,,i4ly *(,ult i) t>( lo,, of t>( +*ivil(7( to +*actic( t>( <(:ical +*of(,,io)$ T$e )ons#i#u#ional 'uaran#ee, alon' wi#$ o#$er ri'$#s 'ran#e4 an a))use4, s#an4s for a 8elief #$a# w$ile )rime s$oul4 no# 'o un5unis$e4 an4 #$a# #$e #ru#$ mus# 8e re/eale4, su)$ 4esira8le o8je)#i/es
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique "" BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
s$oul4 no# 8e a))om5lis$e4 a))or4in' #o means or me#$o4s offensi/e #o #$e $i'$ sense of res5e)# a))or4e4 #$e $uman 5ersonali#*1 !n 8rief, i) a) a:<i)i,t*ativ( >(a*i)7 a7ai),t a <(:ical +*actitio)(* fo* all(7(: <al+*actic( !oa*: of M(:ical E@a<i)(*, ca))ot co),i,t()tly wit> t>( ,(lf6i)c*i<i)atio) clau,( co<+(l t>( +(*,o) +*oc((:(: a7ai),t to taH( t>( wit)(,, ,ta): wit>out >i, co),()t$ ARSENIO LUMIKUED 5:(c(a,(: R(7io)al Di*(cto* of DAR QCAR8 v$ APOLINIO E-EVEA '$R$ No$ &&1D/D &C Nov(<4(* &BB1 EN BANC 5Ro<(*o J.8 /he right to counsel& which cannot #e waived unless the waiver is in writing and in the presence o counsel& is a right a orded a suspect or an accused during custodial investigation. 1t is not an a#solute right and !a%& thus& #e invo.ed or re?ected in a cri!inal proceeding and& with !ore A*,()io P$ Lu<i9u(: was #$e Re'ional Dire)#or of #$e De5ar#men# of A'rarian Reform F &or4illera Au#onomous Re'ion ,DAR6&AR01 La#er on, $e was 4ismisse4 8* +resi4en# .i4el V1 Ramos1 Af#er Lumi2ue4Es 4ea#$, $is $eirs ins#i#u#e4 #$is 5e#i#ion for certiorari an4 !anda!us, 2ues#ionin' su)$ or4er1 Base4 on #$e an#e)e4en#s, #$e 4ismissal was 4ue #o > )om5lain#s file4 8* DAR6 &AR Re'ional &as$ier an4 5ri/a#e res5on4en# %eanne##e O8ar6Zamu4io wi#$ #$e DAREs !oa*: of Di,ci+li)(1 A))or4in'l*, Lumi2ue4 was )$ar'e4 wi#$ !alversation through alsi ication o o icial docu!ents. Moreo/er, $e was also a))use4 of violation o Co!!ission on Audit *C$A, rules and regulations1 Las#l*, $e was )$ar'e4 wi#$ oppression and harass!ent. T$e #$ree affi4a/i#6)om5lain#s were referre4 in #o #$e DO% for a55ro5ria#e a)#ion1 A )ommi##ee was )rea#e4 #o in/es#i'a#e #$e )om5lain#s a'ains# Lumi2ue41 T$e* were man4a#e4 #o )on4u)# an in/es#i'a#ion1 T$e )ommi##ee fin4s #$e e/i4en)e su8mi##e4 8* #$e )om5lainan# suffi)ien# #o es#a8lis$ #$e 'uil# of #$e res5on4en# for Gross Dis$ones#* an4 Gra/e Mis)on4u)#1 +e#i#ioner faul#s #$e in/es#i'a#in' )ommi##ee for i#s failure #o inform Lumi2ue4 of $is ri'$# #o )ounsel 4urin' #$e $earin'1 T$e* main#ain #$a# $is ri'$# #o )ounsel )oul4 no# 8e wai/e4 unless #$e wai/er was in wri#in' an4 in #$e 5resen)e of )ounsel1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# Lumi2ue4 is en#i#le4 #o ri'$# #o )ounsel .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1 T>( *i7>t to cou),(l w>ic> ca))ot 4( waiv(: u)l(,, t>( waiv(* i, i) w*iti)7 a): i) t>( +*(,()c( of cou),(l i, a *i7>t affo*:(: a ,u,+(ct o* a) accu,(: :u*i)7 cu,to:ial i)v(,ti7atio)$ It i, )ot a) a4,olut( *i7>t a): <ay t>u, 4( i)voH(: o* *(G(ct(: i) a c*i<i)al +*oc((:i)7 a): wit> <o*( *(a,o) i) a) a:<i)i,t*ativ( i)9ui*y$ !n #$e )ase a# 8ar, 5e#i#ioner in/o=e #$e ri'$# of an a))use4 in )riminal 5ro)ee4in's #o $a/e )om5e#en# an4 in4e5en4en# )ounsel of $is own )$oi)e1 Lumi2ue4, $owe/er, was no# a))use4 of an* )rime
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique "# BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
in #$e 5ro)ee4in's 8elow1 T$e in/es#i'a#ion was for #$e 5ur5ose of 4e#erminin' if $e )oul4 8e $el4 a4minis#ra#i/el* lia8le un4er #$e law for #$e )om5lain#s file4 a'ains# $im1 W>il( i)v(,ti7atio), co):uct(: 4y a) a:<i)i,t*ativ( 4o:y <ay at ti<(, 4( aHi) to a c*i<i)al +*oc((:i)7 t>( fact *(<ai), t>at u):(* (@i,ti)7 law, a +a*ty i) a) a:<i)i,t*ativ( i)9ui*y <ay o* <ay )ot 4( a,,i,t(: 4y cou),(l i**(,+(ctiv( of t>( )atu*( of t>( c>a*7(, a): of t>( *(,+o):()tJ, ca+acity to *(+*(,()t >i<,(lf a): )o :uty *(,t, o) ,uc> a 4o:y to fu*)i,> t>( +(*,o) 4(i)7 i)v(,ti7at(: wit> cou),(l$ !n an a4minis#ra#i/e 5ro)ee4in', a res5on4en# ,su)$ as Lumi2ue40 $as #$e o5#ion of en'a'in' #$e ser/i)es of )ounsel or no#1 !n a4minis#ra#i/e 5ro)ee4in's, #$e essen)e of 4ue 5ro)ess is sim5l* #$e o55or#uni#* #o e75lain oneEs si4e1 One ma* 8e $ear4, no# solel* 8* /er8al 5resen#a#ion 8u# also, an4 5er$a5s e/en mu)$ more )re4i#a8l* as i# is more 5ra)#i)a8le #$an oral ar'umen#s, #$rou'$ 5lea4in's1 An a)#ual $earin' is no# alwa*s an in4is5ensa8le as5e)# of 4ue 5ro)ess1 As lon' as a 5ar#* was 'i/en #$e o55or#uni#* #o 4efen4 $is in#eres#s in 4ue )ourse, $e )anno# 8e sai4 #o $a/e 8een 4enie4 4ue 5ro)ess of law, for #$is o55or#uni#* #o 8e $ear4 is #$e /er* essen)e of 4ue 5ro)ess1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique "$ BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
IV$
E@>au,tio) of A:<i)i,t*ativ( R(<(:i(, !AN'US FRY FIS.ERFOLF v$ ENRICO LANLANAS '$R$ No$ &A&002 &3 July 233A FIRST DIVISION 5Ca*+io J.8
Bell-settled is the rule in our ?urisdiction that #e ore #ringing an action in or resorting to the Courts o Justice& all re!edies o ad!inistrative character a ecting or deter!inative o the controvers% at that level should irst #e exhausted #% the aggrieved part%. /he decision o the "egional Director !a% still #e elevated to the $ ice o the 4ecretar% o the DE-" to ull% co!pl% with the R(7io)al E@(cutiv( Di*(cto* A)to)io '$ P*i)ci+( ,Re'ion !V0 issue4 Environ!ental Clearance Certi icate ,HE&&I0 in fa/or of NAPOCOR1 Be)ause of #$e E&&, NA+&OR was au#$ori3e4 #o )ons#ru)# a #em5orar* moorin' fa)ili#* in Minolo &o/e, Si#io Minolo, Baran'a* San !si4ro, +uer#o Galera, Orien#al Min4oro1 T$e moorin' fa)ili#* woul4 ser/e as #$e #em5orar* 4o)=in' si#e of NA+O&ORSs 5ower 8ar'e1 T$e 9A1A me'awa##s 5ower 8ar'e woul4 5ro/i4e #$e main sour)e of 5ower for #$e en#ire 5ro/in)e of Orien#al Min4oro 5en4in' #$e )ons#ru)#ion of a lan468ase4 5ower 5lan# in &ala5an, Orien#al Min4oro1 Meanw$ile, #$e Sa)77u)ia)7 !aya) of +uer#o Galera $as 4e)lare4 Minolo &o/e, a man'ro/e area an4 8ree4in' 'roun4 for 8an'us fr*, an eco-tourist 6one1 T$us, 5e#i#ioners, )laimin' #o 8e fis$erfol=s sou'$# re)onsi4era#ion of #$e E&& issuan)e1 T$e* file4 a )om5lain# wi#$ #$e Re'ional Trial &our# for #$e )an)ella#ion of #$e E&&1 NA+O&OR, on #$e o#$er $an4, )laime4 #$a# #$e 5e#i#ioners faile4 #o e7$aus# a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e non6e7$aus#ion of a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies is a 'roun4 for 4ismissal of #$e )ase 8ase4 on la)= of a)#ion .ELD# +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 (ell6se##le4 is #$e rule in our juris4i)#ion #$a# 8efore 8rin'in' an a)#ion in or resor#in' #o #$e &our#s of %us#i)e, all reme4ies of a4minis#ra#i/e )$ara)#er affe)#in' or 4e#ermina#i/e of #$e )on#ro/ers* a# #$a# le/el s$oul4 firs# 8e e7$aus#e4 8* #$e a''rie/e4 5ar#*1 T>( :(ci,io) of t>( R(7io)al Di*(cto* <ay ,till 4( (l(vat(: to t>( Offic( of t>( S(c*(ta*y of t>( DENR to fully co<+ly wit> t>( +*oc(,, of (@>au,tio) of a:<i)i,t*ativ( *(<(:i(,$ An4 5e#i#ionersS failure #o e7$aus# a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies ren4ers $is 5e#i#ion 4ismissi8le1 An4 a 4ismissal on #$e 'roun4 of failure #o e7$aus# a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies is #an#amoun# #o a 4ismissal 8ase4 on la)= of )ause of a)#ion1 !ns#ea4 of followin' #$e fore'oin' 5ro)e4ure, 5e#i#ioners 8*5asse4 #$e DENR Se)re#ar* an4 imme4ia#el* file4 #$eir )om5lain# wi#$ #$e Manila RT&, 4e5ri/in' #$e DENR Se)re#ar* #$e o55or#uni#* #o re/iew #$e 4e)ision of $is su8or4ina#e, RED +rin)i5e1 Un4er #$e +ro)e4ural Manual for DAO G;6>C an4
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique "% BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
a55li)a8le juris5ru4en)e, 5e#i#ionersS omission ren4ers #$eir )om5lain# 4ismissi8le for la)= of )ause of a)#ion1
ANTONIO !ERNARDO et al. v. !ENJAMIN A!ALOS et al. '$R$ No$ &A12// D D(c(<4(* 233& EN BANC 5Sa):oval6'uti(**(? J.8 /he purpose o the re(uire!ent o iling a 3otion or "econsideration #e ore resorting to courts is to give the C$3ELEC an opportunit% to correct the error i!puted to it and as long as such 3otion has not #een iled& resort to courts through certiorari is pre!ature. Man4alu*on' &i#* Ma*or Benjamin S1 A8alos, Sr1, an4 $is son Benjamin KBen$urK &1 A8alos, %r1, )an4i4a#e for &i#* Ma*or of #$e same )i#* in #$e 9GGB ele)#ions, were a))use4 for $a/in' /iola#e4 #$e Omni8us Ele)#ion &o4e for /o#e 8u*in' )laimin' #$a# 5u8li) s)$ool #ea)$ers w$o are mem8ers of #$e Boar4 of Ele)#ion !ns5e)#ors of Man4alu*on' &i#* an4 re'is#ere4 /o#ers #$erea#, were in4u)e4 or un4ul* influen)e4 #o /o#e for #$e )an4i4a)* of Benjamin KBen$urK A8alos, %r1 #$e &ommission on Ele)#ions ,&OMELE&0 en #anc foun4 no suffi)ien# e/i4en)e #o )on/i)# #$em1 (i#$ou# filin' a Mo#ion for Re)onsi4era#ion, #$e ins#an# 5e#i#ion was file41 ISSUE? ($e#$er or no# #$e failure #o file a Mo#ion for Re)onsi4era#ion 8efore #$e &OMELE& en 8an) is no# fa#al #o oneEs )ause of a)#ion .ELD? +e#i#ion DEN!ED1 !# is no# 4is5u#e4 #$a# #$e )om5lain# 8efore #$e &OMELE& in/ol/es an ele)#ion offense1 Bu# in #$is 5e#i#ion, #$e* )on/enien#l* =e5# silen# w$* #$e* 4ire)#l* ele/a#e4 #o #$is &our# #$e 2ues#ione4 Resolu#ion wi#$ou# firs# filin' a mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion wi#$ #$e &OMELE& En Banc1 !# was onl* af#er A8alos $a4 file4 #$eir )ommen# on #$e 5e#i#ion an4 )alle4 #$is &our#Es a##en#ion for #$eir failure #o )om5l* wi#$ Se)#ion 9 of Rule 9> #$a# #$e*, in #$eir &onsoli4a#e4 Re5l*, a4/an)e4 #$e e7)use #$a# #$e* K4eeme4 i# 8es# no# see= an* fur#$er :ilato*y Nmo#ion for re)onsi4era#ionSW, e/en if allowe4 8* Se)1 9 ,40 of &OMELE& Rule 9>1K T$e failure #o file #$e re2uire4 mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion u##erl* 4isre'ar4e4 #$e &OMELE& Rules in#en4e4 K#o a)$ie/e an o*:(*ly, Gu,t, (@+(:itiou, an4 i)(@+(),iv( 4e#ermina#ion an4 4is5osi#ion of e/er* a)#ion an4 5ro)ee4in' 8rou'$# 8efore #$e &ommission1K &on#rar* #o Bernar4oSs s#a#emen# #$a# a resor# #o a mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion is K4ila#or*,K i# 8ears s#ressin' #$a# #$e 5ur5ose of #$e sai4 mo#ion is #o 'i/e #$e &OMELE& an o55or#uni#* #o )orre)# #$e error im5u#e4 #o i#1 !f #$e error is imme4ia#el* )orre)#e4 8* wa* of a mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion, #$en i# is #$e mos# e75e4i#ious an4 ine75ensi/e re)ourse1 Bu# if #$e &OMELE& refuses #o )orre)# a 5a#en#l* erroneous a)#, #$en i# )ommi#s a 'ra/e a8use of 4is)re#ion jus#if*in' a re)ourse 8* #$e a''rie/e4 5ar#* #o a 5e#i#ion for )er#iorari1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique "& BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
A 5e#i#ion for certiorari un4er Rule ;: of #$e 9GGC Rules of &i/il +ro)e4ure, as amen4e4, )an onl* 8e resor#e4 #o if K#$ere is no a55eal, or an* 5lain, s5ee4*, an4 a4e2ua#e reme4* in #$e or4inar* )ourse of law1K a/in' faile4 #o file #$e re2uire4 mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion of #$e )$allen'e4 Resolu#ion, 5e#i#ionersS ins#an# 5e#i#ion is )er#ainl* 5rema#ure1 Si'nifi)an#l*, #$e* $a/e no# raise4 an* 5lausi8le reason for #$eir 4ire)# re)ourse #o #$is &our#1
.ON$ ARTURO C$ CORONA 5Acti)7 S(c*(ta*y of t>( D(+a*t<()t of T*a),+o*tatio) a): Co<<u)icatio),8 (t al$ v$ COURT OF APPEALS et al. '$R$ No$ B1AD/ A3 S(+t(<4(* &BB2 T.IRD DIVISION 5Ro<(*o J.8 )iling a case directl% with the AAB !a% #e a shortcut to acco!plish the lauda#le purpose o A. $. -o. 8=. 0owever& whatever advantage !a% accrue there ro! in ter!s o ti!e ele!ent& !a% #e o set #% the denial o the right to a air and un#iased proceeding inso ar as the personnel co!plained On Au'us# -;, 9GBB, a )om5lain# was file4 8efore A4minis#ra#i/e A)#ion Boar4 ,AAB0 a'ains# Leo5ol4o Bun'u8un', Dis#ri)# Mana'er of #$e +or# of Manila for 4is$ones#* an4 )on4u)# 5reju4i)ial #o #$e 8es# in#eres# of #$e ser/i)e1 Bun'u8un' file4 $is answer 8u# la#er, $e file4 a mo#ion #o 4ismiss assailin' #$e juris4i)#ional )om5e#en)e of #$e AAB on #$e 'roun4 #$a# i# was #$e General Mana'er of #$e ++A w$o $a4 juris4i)#ion o/er #$e )ase1 AAB 4enie4 #$e mo#ion #o 4ismiss in a wri##en or4er w$i)$ was issue4 8* DOT& Se)re#ar* Re*es $imself u5on #$e re)ommen4a#ion of #$e AAB1 Su8se2uen#l*, #$e ++A General Mana'er, Ro'elio A1 Da*an, file4 ano#$er Kformal )$ar'eK a'ains# Bun'u8un' an4 one Mario Tan for 4is$ones#*, ineffi)ien)* an4 in)om5e#en)e in #$e 5erforman)e of offi)ial 4u#ies, willful /iola#ion of reasona8le offi)e rules an4 re'ula#ions an4<or )on4u)# 5reju4i)ial #o #$e 8es# in#eres# of #$e ser/i)e1 Assailin' #$e juris4i)#ion of #$e AAB, a 5e#i#ion was file4 8efore #$e &our#1 ISSUE? ($e#$er or no# #$e AAB $as no juris4i)#ion #o #r* )ases in/ol/in' em5lo*ees of ++A .ELD? +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 ($ile ++A 5ersonnel are, as man4a#e4 8* +1D1 B;B, Kem8ra)e4 in #$e &i/il Ser/i)e,K #$e DOT& ma* no# Ka)# 4ire)#l* w$ene/er a s5e)ifi) fun)#ion is en#rus#e4 8* law or re'ula#ion #o a su8or4ina#e1 !# s$oul4 8e no#e4 #$a# #$e )om5lain# a'ains# Bun'u8un' was erroneousl* file4 4ire)#l* wi#$ #$e AAB an4 i# was no less #$an DOT& Se)re#ar* Re*es w$o, u5on #$e re)ommen4a#ion of #$e AAB, 4enie4 Bun'u8un'Ss mo#ion #o 4ismiss1 T$e ++A General Mana'er also erroneousl* in4orse4 #o #$e AAB #$e )om5lain# $e $imself file4 a'ains# Bun'u8un', wi#$ou# $a/in' )on4u)#e4 an in/es#i'a#ion an4 re)ommen4in' #$e a55ro5ria#e 5enal#* as re2uire4 8* #$e fa)#s foun4 a# sai4 in/es#i'a#ion1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique #' BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
.ilin' a )ase 4ire)#l* wi#$ #$e AAB ma* 8e a s$or#)u# #o a))om5lis$ #$e lau4a8le 5ur5ose of A1 O1 No1 -:1 owe/er, w$a#e/er a4/an#a'e ma* a))rue #$erefrom in #erms of #ime elemen#, ma* 8e offse# 8* #$e 4enial of #$e ri'$# #o a fair an4 un8iase4 5ro)ee4in' insofar as #$e 5ersonnel )om5laine4 a'ains# is )on)erne41 A# #$e /er* leas#, $e s$oul4 8e affor4e4 #$e o55or#uni#* of )onfron#in' #$e )$ar'es a'ains# $im in #$e forum w$ere #$e law re2uires #$a# #$e* s$oul4 8e /en#ila#e41 !f a# all, #$is 5ro)e4ure ma* 4e5ri/e #$e DOT& Se)re#ar* of )on#rol an4 su5er/ision o/er 5ersonnel of #$e ++A 8elow #$e ran= of Assis#an# General Mana'er 8u# onl* a# #$e ini#ial s#a'e of an a4minis#ra#i/e 5ro)ee4in'1 S$oul4 #$e em5lo*ee 8e 4issa#isfie4 wi#$ #$e rulin' of #$e ++A General Mana'er, $e )an alwa*s ele/a#e $is )ase #o #$e DOT& Se)re#ar* w$erein #$e AAB will 5la* a 5i/o#al role or, a# $is o5#ion, 'o 4ire)#l* #o #$e &i/il Ser/i)e &ommission1 !n #$e a4minis#ra#i/e $ierar)$* se# u5 un4er 8o#$ #$e ++A &$ar#er an4 #$e &i/il Ser/i)e Law, #$e DOT& Se)re#ar* $as #$e ul#ima#e sa* 8efore re)ourse #o #$e )our#s ma* 8e ma4e1 T$e )laim #$a# #$e res5on4en#s are es#o55e4 from )$allen'in' #$e juris4i)#ion of #$e AAB as #$e* a)#i/el* 5ar#i)i5a#e4 in #$e 5ro)ee4in's #$erein 4eser/es s)an# )onsi4era#ion1 ($ile i# is #rue #$a# a 5ar#* ma* 8e es#o55e4 from raisin' #$e 2ues#ion of juris4i)#ion on a55eal, su)$ es#o55el ma* 8e in/o=e4 su))essfull* onl* if #$e 5ar#* faile4 #o raise su)$ 2ues#ion in #$e earl* s#a'es of #$e 5ro)ee4in's1 T$e re)or4s s$ow #$a# Bun'u8un' 4i4 no# wai# for #$e ren4i#ion of an AAB 4e)ision 8efore $e 2ues#ione4 i#s juris4i)#ion1 Af#er filin' $is answer, $e file4 a mo#ion #o 4ismiss on #$e issue of juris4i)#ion an4 e/en wen# #o #$e e7#en# of ele/a#in' #$e issue #o #$is &our#1 .or $is 5ar#, Dino5ol also file4 a mo#ion #o 4ismiss #$e )ase a'ains# $im an4, u5on i#s 4enial, file4 a mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion1 !n #$e a8sen)e of 5roof of la)$es on #$e 5ar# of #$e 5ri/a#e res5on4en#s, #$e 4o)#rine enun)ia#e4 in Tijam /1 Si8on'$ano* u5on w$i)$ 5e#i#ioners rel*, is ina55li)a8le1 Nei#$er is #$e 4o)#rine of e7$aus#ion of a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies a55li)a8le in #$is )ase1 Besi4es #$e fa)# #$a# #$e AAB was 5a#en#l* wi#$ou# juris4i)#ion #o a)# on #$e a4minis#ra#i/e )om5lain#s file4 a'ains# res5on4en#s Dino5ol an4 Bun'u8un', #$e ins#an# 5e#i#ion raises onl* 2ues#ions of law, one of #$e e7)e5#ions #o #$e 'eneral rule on e7$aus#ion of a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies1 AN'ELITA MORCAL v1 ANTONIO LAVIMA et al$ '$R$ &//1DA 2B Nov(<4(* 233D FIRST DIVISION 5Kui,i<4i)7 J.8 8
1n the case at #ar& none o the exceptions to the doctrine !a% #e availed o . Contrar% to petitioner:s assertion& the Court sees no urgent need or ?udicial intervention. -ote that the case arose ro! the protest iled #% respondents against petitioner:s ree patent application or the su#?ect unregistered agricultural land. Clearl%& the !atter co!es within the exclusive pri!ar% ?urisdiction o A)7(lita Mo*cal, wi#$ $er sis#er !l4efonsa Mor)al an4 o#$er mem8ers of #$eir famil* o))u5ie4, )leare4 an4 5lan#e4 seasonal )ro5s on #$e lan4 u5 #o #$e #ime i# was 4e)lare4 as 5u8li) lan4 on Ma* 9A, 9GA91 No#ewor#$il*, #$eir famil* 4e)lare4 #$e lan4 for #a7a#ion 5ur5oses an4 8e'an 5lan#in' )o)onu# an4 o#$er frui# 8earin' #rees1 a/in' 8een in 5ossession of #$e sai4 lan4 for almos# for#* ,AD0 *ears, 5e#i#ioner file4 .ree +a#en# A55li)a#ion1 owe/er, An#onio La/iJa an4 Teresi#a La/iJa 5ro#es#e4 #$e free 5a#en# a55li)a#ion1 Mor)al file4 wi#$ #$e Re'ional Trial &our# a )i/il a)#ion #o nullif* #$e Or4er of #$e DENR Re'ional Offi)e w$i)$ s#a#es #$a# onl* one6$alf X of #$e lo# a55lie4 for s$all 8e issue4 #o Mor)al1 Moreo/er, #$e DENR Re'ional Offi)e 4enie4 for la)= of meri# 5e#i#ionerEs mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion of #$e afore62uo#e4 Or4er1
T$e RT&, $owe/er, 4ismisse4 5e#i#ionerEs )i/il a)#ion1 +e#i#ioner a55eale4 #o #$e &our# of A55eals1 T$e &A affirme4 #$e RT&Es 4e)ision1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e 5rin)i5le of e7$aus#ion of a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies a55lies #o #$e ins#an# )ase .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1 T>( :oct*i)( of (@>au,tio) of a:<i)i,t*ativ( *(<(:i(, *(9ui*(, t>at *(,o*t 4( fi*,t <a:( to t>( a:<i)i,t*ativ( aut>o*iti(, i) ca,(, falli)7 u):(* t>(i* Gu*i,:ictio) to allow t>(< to ca**y out t>(i* fu)ctio), a): :i,c>a*7( t>(i* *(,+o),i4iliti(, wit>i) t>( ,+(ciali?(: a*(a, of t>(i* co<+(t()c($ T$e ra#ionale 8e$in4 #$e 4o)#rine is #$a# #$e a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)* )on)erne4 is in #$e 8es# 5osi#ion #o )orre)# an* 5re/ious error )ommi##e4 in i#s forum1 T$is is no#, $owe/er, a $ar46fas#ene4 rule1 !# a4mi#s e7)e5#ion1 Amon' #$e es#a8lis$e4 e7)e5#ions are?
90 w$en #$e 2ues#ion raise4 is 5urel* le'al@ -0 w$en #$e a4minis#ra#i/e 8o4* is in es#o55el@ >0 w$en #$e a)# )om5laine4 of is 5a#en#l* ille'al@ A0 w$en #$ere is ur'en# nee4 for ju4i)ial in#er/en#ion@ :0 w$en #$e )laim in/ol/e4 is small@ ;0 w$en irre5ara8le 4ama'e will 8e suffere4@ C0 w$en #$ere is no o#$er 5lain, s5ee4* an4 a4e2ua#e reme4*@ B0 w$en s#ron' 5u8li) in#eres# is in/ol/e4@ G0 w$en #$e su8je)# of #$e )on#ro/ers* is 5ri/a#e lan4@ an4 9D0 in (uo warranto 5ro)ee4in's
!n #$e )ase a# 8ar, none of #$e fore'oin' e7)e5#ions ma* 8e a/aile4 of1 &on#rar* #o 5e#i#ionerEs asser#ion, #$e &our# sees no ur'en# nee4 for ju4i)ial in#er/en#ion1 No#e #$a# #$e )ase arose from #$e 5ro#es# file4 8* res5on4en#s a'ains# 5e#i#ionerEs free 5a#en# a55li)a#ion for #$e su8je)# unre'is#ere4 a'ri)ul#ural lan41 &learl*, #$e ma##er )omes wi#$in #$e e7)lusi/e 5rimar* juris4i)#ion of #$e DENR in #$e e7er)ise of i#s 2uasi6ju4i)ial 5owers1 T>( i<+u7)(: O*:(*, of t>( DENR R(7io)al Offic( a*( ,u4G(ct to *(vi(w 4y t>( DENR .(a: Offic(1 +e#i#ioner )anno# )ir)um/en# #$is 5ro)e4ure 8* sim5l* in/o=in' a su55ose4 loss of fai#$ in #$e sai4 a'en)*1
VICENTE VILLLAFLOR 5,u4,titut(: 4y >i, >(i*,8 v. COURT OF APPEALS a): NASIPIT LUM!ER CO$ INC$ '$R$ No$ BD/B0 B Octo4(* &BB1 T.IRD DIVISION 5Pa)7a)i4a) J.8 1n cases where the doctrine o pri!ar% ?urisdiction is clearl% applica#le& the court cannot arrogate unto itsel the authorit% to resolve a controvers%& the ?urisdiction over which is initiall% lodged with an ad!inistrative #od% o special co!petence. 1t has #een the ?urisprudential trend to appl% the doctrine to cases involving !atters that de!and the special co!petence o ad!inistrative agencies Ci*ilo Pi()c()av(, sol4 #o Vic()t( Villafo*, a 5ar)el of a'ri)ul#ural lan4 5lan#e4 wi#$ A8a)a wi#$ an area of :D $e)#ares1 T$e 4ee4 s#a#es #$a# #$e lan4 was sol4 #o Villaflor 8u# no formal 4o)umen# was #$en e7e)u#e4, an4 sin)e #$en un#il #$e 5resen# #ime, Villaflor $as 8een in 5ossession an4 o))u5a#ion of #$e same1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique #2 BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
Meanw$ile, Villaflor lease4 #o Nasi5i# Lum8er &o1, !n)1 a 5ar)el of lan4, )on#ainin' an area of $e)#ares, #o'e#$er wi#$ all #$e im5ro/emen#s e7is#in' #$ereon, for a 5erio4 of : *ears1 !n an CAgree!ent to 4ellD Villaflor )on/e*e4 #o Nasi5i# Lum8er, - 5ar)els of lan41 &onse2uen#l*, Villaflor file4 Sales A55li)a#ion wi#$ #$e Bureau of Lan4s, Manila, #o 5ur)$ase #$e #ra)# of 5u8li) lan4s1 Villaflor an4 Nasi5i# Lum8er e7e)u#e4 an CAgree!ent&D )onfirmin' #$e A'reemen# #o Sell 8u# wi#$ referen)e #o #$e Sales A55li)a#ion file4 wi#$ #$e Bureau of Lan41 Villaflor la#er on informe4 #$e Bureau Dire)#or #$a# $e was alrea4* o))u5*in' #$e 5ro5er#* w$en #$e BureauEs A'usan Ri/er Valle* Su84i/ision +roje)# was inau'ura#e4, #$a# #$e 5ro5er#* was formerl* )laime4 as 5ri/a#e 5ro5er#*, an4 #$a# #$erefore, #$e 5ro5er#* was se're'a#e4 or e7)lu4e4 from 4is5osi#ion 8e)ause of #$e )laim of 5ri/a#e owners$i51 O n # $ e s ) $ e 4 ul e 4 a u) # i on, Nasi5i# Lum8er offere4 #$e $i'$es# 8i4 of +A91DD 5er $e)#are, 8u# sin)e an a55li)an# un4er &1A1 9A9, is allowe4 #o e2ual #$e 8i4 of #$e $i'$es# 8i44er, Villaflor #en4ere4 an e2ual 8i4, 4e5osi#e4 #$e e2ui/alen# of 9DT of #$e 8i4 5ri)e an4 #$en 5ai4 #$e assessmen# in full1 La#er on, Villaflor e7e)u#e4 a 4o)umen#, 4enomina#e4 as a HDee4 of Relin2uis$men# of Ri'$#s,I in fa/or on Nasi5i# Lum8er, in )onsi4era#ion of #$e amoun# of +:,DDD #$a# was #o 8e reim8urse4 #o #$e former re5resen#in' 5ar# of #$e 5ur)$ase 5ri)e of #$e lan4, #$e /alue of #$e im5ro/emen#s Villaflor in#ro4u)e4 #$ereon, an4 #$e e75enses in)urre4 in #$e 5u8li)a#ion of #$e No#i)e of Sale@ in li'$# of $is 4iffi)ul#* #o 4e/elo5 #$e same as Villaflor $as mo/e4 #o Manila1 .inall*, #$e Dire)#or of Lan4s issue4 an HOr4er of Awar4I in fa/or of Nasi5i# Lum8er1 Villafor wro#e a le##er #o Nasi5i# Lum8er, remin4in' #$e la##er of #$eir /er8al a'reemen# in 9G::@ 8u# #$e new se# of )or5ora#e offi)ers refuse4 #o re)o'ni3e VillaflorEs )laim1 !n a formal 5r o# e s # w $i ) $ V i l l a f l or f i l e 4 wi # $ # $e B ur e a u of La n4 s , $e 5r o# e s # e 4 # $ e Sa l e s A55li)a#ion of Nasi5i# Lum8er, )laimin' #$a# #$e )om5an* $as no# 5ai4 $im +:,DDD1DD as 5ro/i4e4 in #$e Dee4 of Relin2uis$men# of Ri'$#s 4a#e4 9; Au'us# 9G:D1 On B Au'us# 9GCC, #$e Dire)#or of Lan4s foun4 #$a# #$e 5a*men# of #$e amoun# of +:,DDD1DD in #$e Dee4 an4 #$e )onsi4era#ion in #$e A'reemen# #o Sell were 4ul* 5ro/en, an4 or4ere4 #$e 4ismissal of VillaflorEs 5ro#es#1 Villaflor file4 a )om5lain# in #$e #rial )our# for HDe)lara#ion of Nulli#* of &on#ra)# ,Dee4 of Relin2uis$men# of Ri'$#s0, Re)o/er* of +ossession ,of #wo 5ar)els of lan4 su8je)# of #$e )on#ra)#0, an4 Dama'esI a# a8ou# #$e same #ime #$a# $e a55eale4 #$e 4e)ision of #$e Minis#er of Na#ural Resour)es #o #$e Offi)e of #$e +resi4en#$ T$e &our# of .irs# !ns#an)e 4ismisse4 #$e )om5lain#1 T$e &our# of A55eals #$en re/erse4 #$e 4e)ision1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e 4o)#rine of 5rimar* juris4i)#ion a55lies in #$is )ase ISSUE# +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 Un4erl*in' #$e rulin's of #$e #rial an4 a55ella#e )our#s is #$e 4o)#rine of 5rimar* juris4i)#ion@ i1e1, )our#s )anno# an4 will no# resol/e a )on#ro/ers* in/ol/in' a 2ues#ion w$i)$ is wi#$in #$e juris4i)#ion of an a4minis#ra#i/e #ri8unal, es5e)iall* w$ere #$e 2ues#ion 4eman4s #$e e7er)ise of soun4
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique #3 BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
a4minis#ra#i/e 4is)re#ion re2uirin' #$e s5e)ial =nowle4'e, e75erien)e an4 ser/i)es of #$e a4minis#ra#i/e #ri8unal #o 4e#ermine #e)$ni)al an4 in#ri)a#e ma##ers of fa)#1 !n )ases w$ere #$e 4o)#rine of 5rimar* juris4i)#ion is )learl* a55li)a8le, #$e )our# )anno# arro'a#e un#o i#self #$e au#$ori#* #o resol/e a )on#ro/ers*, #$e juris4i)#ion o/er w$i)$ is ini#iall* lo4'e4 wi#$ an a4minis#ra#i/e 8o4* of s5e)ial )om5e#en)e1 It >a, 4(() t>( Gu*i,+*u:()tial t*(): to a++ly t>( :oct*i)( to ca,(, i)volvi)7 <att(*, t>at :(<a): t>( ,+(cial co<+(t()c( of a:<i)i,t*ativ( a7()ci(, (v() if t>( 9u(,tio) i)volv(: i, al,o Gu:icial i) c>a*act(*$ !# a55lies Hw$ere a )laim is ori'inall* )o'ni3a8le in #$e )our#s, an4 )omes in#o 5la* w$ene/er enfor)emen# of #$e )laim re2uires #$e resolu#ion of issues w$i)$, un4er a re'ula#or* s)$eme, $a/e 8een 5la)e4 wi#$in #$e s5e)ial )om5e#en)e of an a4minis#ra#i/e 8o4*@ in su)$ )ase, #$e ju4i)ial 5ro)ess is sus5en4e4 5en4in' referral of su)$ issues #o #$e a4minis#ra#i/e 8o4* for i#s /iew1I T$e 5rimar* juris4i)#ion of #$e 4ire)#or of lan4s an4 #$e minis#er of na#ural resour)es o/er #$e issues re'ar4in' #$e i4en#i#* of #$e 4is5u#e4 lan4 an4 #$e 2ualifi)a#ion of an awar4ee of a sales 5a#en# is es#a8lis$e4 8* Se)#ions > an4 A of &A 9A9, also =nown as #$e +u8li) Lan4 A)#1 Se)#ion > of sai4 a)# 5ro/i4es #$a# H#$e Se)re#ar* of A'ri)ul#ure an4 &ommer)e ,now Se)re#ar* of Na#ural Resour)es0 s$all 8e #$e e7e)u#i/e offi)er )$ar'e4 wi#$ )arr*in' ou# #$e 5ro/isions of #$is A)# #$rou'$ #$e Dire)#or of Lan4s, w$o s$all a)# un4er $is imme4ia#e )on#rol1I Se)#ion A 5ro/i4es #$a# Hsu8je)# #o sai4 )on#rol, #$e Dire)#or of Lan4s s$all $a/e 4ire)# e7e)u#i/e )on#rol of #$e sur/e*, )lassifi)a#ion, lease, sale or an* o#$er form of )on)ession or 4is5osi#ion an4 mana'emen# of #$e lan4s of #$e 5u8li) 4omain, an4 $is 4e)ision as #o 2ues#ions of fa)# s$all 8e )on)lusi/e w$en a55ro/e4 8* #$e Se)re#ar* of A'ri)ul#ure an4 &ommer)e1I Se)#ions > an4 A of #$e +u8li) Lan4 Law mean #$a# #$e Se)re#ar* of A'ri)ul#ure an4 Na#ural Resour)es s$all 8e #$e final ar8i#er on 2ues#ions of fa)# in 5u8li) lan4 )onfli)#s1 T$e Su5reme &our# $as re)o'ni3e4 #$a# #$e Dire)#or of Lan4s is a 2uasi6ju4i)ial offi)er w$o 5asses on issues of mi7e4 fa)#s an4 law1
EVELYN ON'SUCO a): ANTONIA SALAYA v. .ON$ MARIANO M$ MALONES '$R$ No$ &C23/D 21 Octo4(* 233B T.IRD DIVISION 5C>ico6Na?a*io J.8 "esolving (uestions o law& which involve the interpretation and application o laws& constitutes essentiall% an exercise o ?udicial power that is exclusivel% allocated to the 4upre!e Court and such lower courts the Legislature !a% esta#lish. T$e $an**unian* Ba'an of Maa,i) a55ro/e4 Mu)ici+al O*:i)a)c( No$ BC63& ,HT$e Muni)i5al Re/ise4 Re/enue &o4eI0 w$i)$ )on#ains a 5ro/ision for in)rease4 ren#als for #$e s#alls an4 #$e im5osi#ion of 'oo4will fees in #$e amoun# of +-D,DDD1DD an4 +9:,DDD1DD for s#alls lo)a#e4 on #$e firs# an4 se)on4 floors of #$e muni)i5al 5u8li) mar=e#1 A55aren#l*, On'su)o o))u5ies a s#all in #$e 5u8li) mar=e#1 T$e &o4e, fur#$ermore, au#$ori3e4 res5on4en# #o en#er in#o lease )on#ra)#s o/er #$e sai4 mar=e# s#alls, an4 in)or5ora#e4 a s#an4ar4 )on#ra)# of lease for #$e s#all $ol4ers a# #$e muni)i5al 5u8li) mar=e#1 Two 5ur5or#e4 5u8li) $earin's were $el41 on1 Malones wro#e a le##er #o On'su)o, e# al1 informin' #$em #$a# #$e* were o))u5*in' s#alls in #$e newl* reno/a#e4 muni)i5al 5u8li) mar=e# wi#$ou# an* lease )on#ra)#, as a )onse2uen)e of w$i)$, #$e s#alls were )onsi4ere4 /a)an# an4 o5en for 2ualifie4 an4 in#eres#e4 a55li)an#s1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique #! BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
To'e#$er wi#$ o#$er similarl* si#ua#e4 s#all $ol4ers a# #$e muni)i5al 5u8li) mar=e#, On'su)o, e# al1 file4 8efore #$e Re'ional Trial &our# a Petition or Prohi#ition+3anda!us, wi#$ +ra*er for !ssuan)e of Tem5orar* Res#rainin' Or4er an4<or (ri# of +reliminar* !njun)#ion, a'ains# on1 Malones1 !# was alle'e4 8* On'su)o, e# al1 #$a# a 5u8li) $earin' is man4a#or* for #$e im5osi#ion of 'oo4will fees1 A44i#ionallu, Mu)ici+al O*:i)a)c( No$ BC63&, im5osin' 'oo4will fees, is in/ali4 on #$e 'roun4 #$a# #$e )onferen)es $el4 )oul4 no# 8e )onsi4ere4 5u8li) $earin's1 T$e law 5ro/i4es #$a# ini#ial 5u8li) $earin' s$all 8e $el4 no# earlier #$an #en ,9D0 4a*s from #$e sen4in' ou# of #$e no#i)e or no#i)es, or #$e las# 4a* of 5u8li)a#ion, or 4a#e of 5os#in' #$ereof, w$i)$e/er is la#er1 A55aren#l*, #$e le##er from #$e Offi)e of #$e Muni)i5al Ma*or was sen# #o s#all $ol4ers on Au'us# ;, 9GGB, informin' #$e la##er of #$e mee#in' #o 8e $el4, as was in fa)# $el4, on Au'us# 99, 9GGB, onl* fi/e 4a*s af#er no#i)e1 T$e RT& fa/ore4 on1 Malones1 T$e &our# of A55eals affirme4 #$e same as On'su)o, e# al1 faile4 #o e7$aus# a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# #$e 4o)#rine of a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies a55l* in #$is )ase .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1 As a rule, 8efore a 5ar#* is allowe4 #o see= #$e in#er/en#ion of #$e )our#, $e or s$e s$oul4 $a/e a/aile4 $imself or $erself of all #$e means of a4minis#ra#i/e 5ro)esses affor4e4 $im or $er1 en)e, if resor# #o a reme4* wi#$in #$e a4minis#ra#i/e ma)$iner* )an s#ill 8e ma4e 8* 'i/in' #$e a4minis#ra#i/e offi)er )on)erne4 e/er* o55or#uni#* #o 4e)i4e on a ma##er #$a# )omes wi#$in $is or $er juris4i)#ion, #$en su)$ reme4* s$oul4 8e e7$aus#e4 firs# 8efore #$e )our#Es ju4i)ial 5ower )an 8e sou'$#1 T$e 5rema#ure in/o)a#ion of #$e in#er/en#ion of #$e )our# is fa#al #o oneEs )ause of a)#ion1 T>( *ul( o) t>( (@>au,tio) of a:<i)i,t*ativ( *(<(:i(, i, i)t():(: to +*(clu:( a cou*t f*o< a**o7ati)7 u)to it,(lf t>( aut>o*ity to *(,olv( a co)t*ov(*,y t>( Gu*i,:ictio) ov(* w>ic> i, i)itially lo:7(: wit> a) a:<i)i,t*ativ( 4o:y of ,+(cial co<+(t()c($ T$us, a )ase w$ere #$e issue raise4 is a 5urel* le'al 2ues#ion, well wi#$in #$e )om5e#en)e@ an4 #$e juris4i)#ion of #$e )our# an4 no# #$e a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)*, woul4 )learl* )ons#i#u#e an e7)e5#ion1 Resol/in' 2ues#ions of law, w$i)$ in/ol/e #$e in#er5re#a#ion an4 a55li)a#ion of laws, )ons#i#u#es essen#iall* an e7er)ise of ju4i)ial 5ower #$a# is e7)lusi/el* allo)a#e4 #o #$e Su5reme &our# an4 su)$ lower )our#s #$e Le'isla#ure ma* es#a8lis$1 !n #$e ins#an# )ase, #$e 5ar#ies are no# 4is5u#in' an* fa)#ual ma##er on w$i)$ #$e* s#ill nee4 #o 5resen# e/i4en)e1 T$e sole issue 5e#i#ioners raise4 8efore #$e RT& in &i/il &ase No1 -:BA> was w$e#$er Muni)i5al Or4inan)e No1 GB6D9 was /ali4 an4 enfor)ea8le 4es5i#e #$e a8sen)e, 5rior #o i#s ena)#men#, of a 5u8li) $earin' $el4 in a))or4an)e wi#$ Ar#i)le -C; of #$e !m5lemen#in' Rules an4 Re'ula#ions of #$e Lo)al Go/ernmen# &o4e $ T>i, i, u):ou4t(:ly a +u*( 9u(,tio) of law wit>i) t>( co<+(t()c( a): Gu*i,:ictio) of t>( RTC to *(,olv($ AN'ELES CITY v. AN'ELES CITY ELECTRIC CORPORATION a): RE'IONAL TRIAL COURT !RANC. D1 AN'ELES CITY '$R$ No$ &//&A0 2B Ju)( 23&3 FIRST DIVISION 5D(l Ca,tillo J.8 /he prohi#ition on the issuance o a writ o in?unction to en?oin the collection o taxes applies Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique onl% to national Dela Cruz #" internal revenue taxes& and not to local taxes.
BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA
S#ar#in' %ul* 9GG:, An'eles Ele)#ri) &or5ora#ion ,AE&0 $as 8een 5a*in' #$e lo)al fran)$ise #a7 #o #$e Offi)e of #$e &i#* Treasurer on a 2uar#erl* 8asis, in a44i#ion #o #$e na#ional fran)$ise #a7 i# 5a*s e/er* 2uar#er #o #$e Bureau of !n#ernal Re/enue ,B!R01 La#er on, #$e &i#* Treasurer issue4 a No#i)e of Assessmen# #o AE& for 5a*men# of 8usiness #a7, li)ense fee an4 o#$er )$ar'es for #$e 5erio4 9GG> #o -DDA in #$e #o#al amoun# of +GA,B;9,9GA19D1 (i#$in #$e 5erio4 5res)ri8e4 8* law, AE& 5ro#es#e4 #$e assessmen#1 T$is was 4enie4 8* #$e &i#* Treasurer1 T$e )ase was a55eale4 8efore #$e Re'ional Trial &our# ,RT&0, 8u# w$en #$e &i#* Treasurer le/ie4 #$e 5ro5er#ies of AE&, i# file4 a 5e#i#ion for injun)#ion 8efore #$e RT& w$i)$ was 'ran#e41 en)e, #$e ins#an# 5e#i#ion1 ISSUE? ($e#$er or no# #$e RT& )anno# issue an injun)#ion for #$e )olle)#ion of a lo)al #a7 .ELD? +e#i#ion DENIED1 !# is /er* e/i4en# on re)or4 #$a# AE& resor#e4 an4 file4 an ur'en# mo#ion for issuan)e of a #em5orar* res#rainin' or4er an4 5reliminar* injun)#ion #o s#o5 #$e s)$e4ule4 au)#ion sale onl* w$en a warran# of le/* was issue4 an4 5u8lis$e4 in #$e news5a5er se##in' #$e au)#ion sale of i#s 5ro5er#* 8* #$e &i#* Treasurer, merel* few wee=s af#er #$e 5e#i#ion for 4e)lara#or* relief $as 8een file4, 8e)ause if #$e &i#* Treasurer will no# 8e res#raine4, i# will ren4er #$is 5e#i#ion moo# an4 a)a4emi)1 To #$e min4 of #$e &our#, sin)e #$ere is no o#$er 5lain, s5ee4* an4 a4e2ua#e reme4* a/aila8le in #$e or4inar* )ourse of law e7)e5# #$is a55li)a#ion for a #em5orar* res#rainin' or4er an4<or wri# of 5reliminar* injun)#ion #o s#o5 #$e au)#ion sale or o#$erwise e7er)isin' o#$er a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies a'ains# #$e 5e#i#ioner an4 i#s 5ro5er#ies, #$is alone jus#ifies #$e mo/e of #$e AE& in see=in' #$e injun)#i/e reliefs sou'$# for1 A 5rin)i5le 4ee5l* em8e44e4 in our juris5ru4en)e is #$a# #a7es 8ein' #$e life8loo4 of #$e 'o/ernmen# s$oul4 8e )olle)#e4 5rom5#l*, wi#$ou# unne)essar* $in4ran)e or 4ela*1 !n line wi#$ #$is 5rin)i5le, #$e Na#ional !n#ernal Re/enue &o4e of 9GGC ,N!R&0 e75ressl* 5ro/i4es #$a# no )our# s$all $a/e #$e au#$ori#* #o 'ran# an injun)#ion #o res#rain #$e )olle)#ion of an* na#ional in#ernal re/enue #a7, fee or )$ar'e im5ose4 8* #$e )o4e1 An e7)e5#ion #o #$is rule o8#ains onl* w$en in #$e o5inion of #$e &our# of Ta7 A55eals ,&TA0 #$e )olle)#ion #$ereof ma* jeo5ar4i3e #$e in#eres# of #$e 'o/ernmen# an4<or #$e #a75a*er1 T$e si#ua#ion, $owe/er, is 4ifferen# in #$e )ase of #$e )olle)#ion of lo)al #a7es as #$ere is no e75ress 5ro/ision in #$e Lo)al Go/ernmen# &o4s ,LG&0 5ro$i8i#in' )our#s from issuin' an injun)#ion #o res#rain lo)al 'o/ernmen#s from )olle)#in' #a7es1 T$us, in #$e )ase of 5alle% /rading Co.& 1nc. v. Court o )irst 1nstance o 1sa#ela& Branch 11& #$e &our# rule4 #$a#? Unli=e #$e Na#ional !n#ernal Re/enue &o4e, #$e Lo)al Ta7 &o4e 4oes no# )on#ain an* s5e)ifi) 5ro/ision 5ro$i8i#in' )our#s from enjoinin' #$e )olle)#ion of lo)al #a7es1 Su)$ s#a#u#or* la5se or in#en#, $owe/er i# ma* 8e /iewe4, ma* $a/e allowe4 5reliminar* injun)#ion w$ere lo)al #a7es are in/ol/e4 8u# )anno# ne'a#e #$e 5ro)e4ural rules an4 re2uiremen#s un4er Rule :B1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique ## BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
T$e &our# is full* aware of #$e Su5reme &our# 5ronoun)emen# #$a# injun)#ion is no# 5ro5er #o res#rain #$e )olle)#ion of #a7es1 T$e issue $ere as of #$e momen# is #$e res#rainin' of #$e &i#* Treasurer from 5ursuin' i#s au)#ion sale of #$e AE&Es 5ro5er#ies1 T$e ri'$# of owners$i5 an4 5ossession of AE& o/er #$e 5ro5er#ies su8je)# of #$e au)#ion sale is a# s#a=e1 Durin' #$e $earin', AE& was a8le #o s$ow #$a# i# $a4 a )lear an4 unmis#a=a8le le'al ri'$# o/er #$e 5ro5er#ies #o 8e le/ie4 an4 #$a# i# woul4 sus#ain serious 4ama'e if #$ese 5ro5er#ies, w$i)$ are /i#al #o i#s o5era#ions, woul4 8e sol4 a# 5u8li) au)#ion1 As we see i# #$en, #$e wri# of injun)#ion was 5ro5erl* issue41
V$
Ju:icial R(vi(w
P.ILIPPINE SINTER CORPORATION a): P.IVIDEC INDUSTRIAL AUT.ORITY v$ CA'AYAN ELECTRIC POWER a): LI'.T CO$ INC$ '$R$ No$ &21A1& 2D A+*il 2332 T.IRD DIVISION 5Sa):oval6 'uti(**(? J$8 Bhen acts and circu!stances later transpire that would render the execution ine(uita#le or un?ust& the interested part% !a% as. a court to sta% its execution or prevent its en orce!ent. 1n the case at #ar& no exception exists as shown #% the acts. 1 the inalit% and executor o the decision o E"B would #e distur#ed then it would result to openl% disregarding the rule on inalit% o ?udg!ents. Ca7aya) El(ct*ic Pow(* a): Li7>t Co1 ,&E+AL&O0 is a 'ran#ee of a le'isla#i/e fran)$ise #o 4is#ri8u#e ele)#ri) 5ower #o 4ifferen# muni)i5ali#ies in Misamis Orien#al1 +resi4en# &ora3on A2uino issue4 a memoran4um w$i)$ )onse2uen#l* )ause4 #$e E)(*7y R(7ulato*y !oa*: ,ERB0 a 5e#i#ion1 T$e 5e#i#ion
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique #$ BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
sou'$# #$e 4is)on#inua#ion of all e7is#in' 4ire)# su55l* of 5ower 8* #$e Na#ional +ower &or5ora#ion ,N+&0 wi#$in &E+AL&OSs fran)$ise area1 T$e ERB 'ran#e4 #$e 5e#i#ion1 A))or4in' #o #$e ERB, 5e#i#ioner is )a5a8le of 4is#ri8u#in' 5ower #o i#s in4us#rial )onsumers1 NAPOCOR #$en file4 a 5e#i#ion for re/iew wi#$ #$e &our# of A55eals w$i)$ 4ismisse4 i#1 T$e 4e)ision 8e)ame final an4 e7e)u#or*1 To im5lemen# #$e 4e)ision, &E+AL&O wro#e +$ili55ine Sin#er &or5ora#ion ,+S&0, an4 a4/ise4 of $is 4esire #o $a/e #$e 5ower su55l* of +S&, 4ire)#l* #a=en form N+&, 4is)onne)#e4 an4 #ransferre4 #o &E+AL&O1 +S& refuse4 #$e re2ues#1 To res#rain #$e e7e)u#ion of #$e ERB De)ision, +S& an4 +!A file4 a co!plaint or in?unction a'ains# &E+AL&O wi#$ #$e Re'ional Trial &our# of &a'a*an 4e Oro &i#*1 T$e #rial )our# 4e)i4e4 in fa/or of +S& an4 +!A1 5e#i#ion an4 4issol/e4 #$e injun)#ion1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# inju)#ion lies a'ains# #$e final an4 e7e)u#or* ju4'men# of ERB .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1 A, a *ul( )o cou*t +(*fo*c( ,>oul: i)t(*f(*( 4y i)Gu)ctio) o* ot>(*wi,( to *(,t*ai) ,uc> (@(cutio)$ owe/er, su)$ a4mi#s of e7)e5#ions1 W>() fact, a): ci*cu<,ta)c(, lat(* t*a),+i*( t>at woul: *():(* t>( (@(cutio) i)(9uita4l( o* u)Gu,t t>( i)t(*(,t(: +a*ty <ay a,H a cou*t to ,tay it, (@(cutio) o* +*(v()t it, ()fo*c(<()t$ !n #$e )ase a# 8ar, no e7)e5#ion e7is#s as s$own 8* #$e fa)#s1 !f #$e finali#* an4 e7e)u#or of #$e 4e)ision of ERB woul4 8e 4is#ur8e4 #$en i# woul4 resul# #o o5enl* 4isre'ar4in' #$e rule on finali#* of ju4'men#s1 Se)#ion 9D of E7e)u#i/e Or4er No1 9C- 5ro/i4es #$a# a re/iew of i#s 4e)isions or or4er is lo4'e4 in #$e Su5reme &our#1 !# is now se##le4 #$a# w>(*( t>( law +*ovi:(, fo* a) a++(al f*o< t>( :(ci,io), of a:<i)i,t*ativ( 4o:i(, to t>( Su+*(<( Cou*t o* to Cou*t of A++(al, it <(a), t>at ,uc> 4o:i(, a*( co6(9ual wit> RTC, i) t(*<, of *a)H$ .()c( ,uc> a*( 4(yo): t>( co)t*ol of RTC,$ Bein' )o6e2ual, i# in#en4e4 #o ensure ju4i)ial s#a8ili#* in #$e a4minis#ra#ion of jus#i)e1 owe/er, #$e a55ella#e )our# 'ran#e4 #$e
ESTELITO REMOLANA v$ CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION '$R$ No$ &A101A 2 Au7u,t 233& EN BANC 5Pu)o J$8 Courts o ?ustice will not generall% inter ere with purel% ad!inistrative !atters which are addressed to the sound discretion o govern!ent agencies unless there is a clear showing that the latter acted ar#itraril% or with grave a#use o discretion or when the% have acted in a capricious and whi!sical !anner such that their action !a% a!ount to an excess o ?urisdiction E,t(lito V$ R(<ola)a is a 5os#mas#er a# +os#al Offi)e Ser/i)e in !nfan#a, Mue3on1 i wife Ner*, on #$e o#$er $an4, is a #ea)$er a# #$e "i8orosa Elemen#ar* S)$ool1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique #% BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
F*a)ci,o A<(*ica, Dis#ri)# Su5er/isor of #$e De5ar#men# of E4u)a#ion, &ul#ure L S5or#s ,DE&S0 a# !nfan#a, Mue3on, in2uire4 from #$e &i/il Ser/i)e &ommision ,&S&0 as #o #$e s#a#us of #$e )i/il ser/i)e eli'i8ili#* of Mrs1 Remolana w$o 'o# a ra#in' of B91-:T1 Alle'e4l*, Mrs1 Remolana as=s for a fee of +B,DDD1DD 5er e7aminee for a 5assin' mar= in #$e #ea)$erEs 8oar4 e7amina#ion1 T$us, CSC C>ai*<a) Sto$ To<a, issue4 an or4er 4ire)#in' #o )on4u)# in/es#i'a#ion on Mrs1 RemolonaEs eli'il8il#*1 !# was 4is)o/ere4 #$a# RemolanaEs name is no# in #$e lis# of 5assin' an4 fallin' e7aminees1 Durin' #$e 5reliminar* in/es#i'a#ion Remolana 4is)lose4 #$a# $e me# A##*1 Salu5a4in w$o offere4 #o $el5 $im re'ar4in' #$e eli'i8ili#* of $is wife for +>,DDD1DD1 Remolona a4mi##e4 #$a# $e was res5onsi8le in a)2uirin' #$e alle'e4 fa=e eli'i8ili#* an4 #$a# $is wife $a4 no =nowle4'e of i#1 A formal )$ar'e was file4 a'ains# 5e#i#ioner Remolana an4 A##*1 Salu5a4in for 5ossession of fa=e eli'i8ili#*, falsifi)a#ion an4 4is$ones#*1 &S& Dire)#or Amil$asan issue4 a memoran4um re)ommen4in' #$a# #$e s5ouses Remolana 8e foun4 'uil#*1 !n a resolu#ion, &S&, a)#in' on #$e mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion of #$e s5ouses Remolana, a8sol/e4 Ner* Remolana from lia8ili#*1 T$e &our# of A55eals 4ismisse4 #$e 5e#i#ion for re/iew file4 8* $erein 5e#i#ioner1 ISSUE# 91 ($e#$er a )i/il ser/i)e em5lo*ee )an 8e 4ismisse4 from #$e 'o/ernmen# ser/i)e for an offense w$i)$ is no# wor=6rela#e4 or w$i)$ is no# )onne)#e4 wi#$ #$e 5erforman)e of $is offi)ial 4u#* -1 ($e#$er or no# #$ere is a ne)essi#* #o re/isi# #$e 4e)ision of #$e &S& .ELD# 91 +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 -1 +e#i#ion DENIED1 A civil ,(*vic( (<+loy(( ca) 4( :i,<i,,(: f*o< t>( 7ov(*)<()t ,(*vic( fo* a) off(),( w>ic> i, )ot wo*H6*(lat(: o* w>ic> i, )ot co))(ct(: wit> t>( +(*fo*<a)c( of >i, official :uty$ T$e ra#ionale for #$e rule is #$a# if a 7ov(*)<()t offic(* o* (<+loy(( i, :i,>o)(,t o* i, 7uilty of o++*(,,io) o* 7*av( <i,co):uct (v() if ,ai: :(f(ct, of c>a*act(* a*( )ot co))(ct(: wit> >i, offic( t>(y aff(ct >i, *i7>t to co)ti)u( i) offic($ T$e Go/ernmen# )anno# #olera#e in i#s ser/i)e a 4is$ones# offi)ial, e/en if $e 5erforms $is 4u#ies )orre)#l* an4 well, 8e)ause 8* reason of $is 'o/ernmen# 5osi#ion, $e is 'i/en more an4 am5le o55or#uni#* #o )ommi# a)#s of 4is$ones#* a'ains# $is fellow men, e/en a'ains# offi)es an4 en#i#ies of #$e 'o/ernmen# o#$er #$an #$e offi)e w$ere $e is em5lo*e4@ an4 8* reason of $is offi)e, $e enjo*s an4 5ossesses a )er#ain influen)e an4 5ower w$i)$ ren4ers #$e /i)#ims of $is 'ra/e mis)on4u)#, o55ression an4 4is$ones#* less 4is5ose4 an4 5re5are4 #o resis# an4 #o )oun#era)# $is e/il a)#s an4 a)#ua#ions1 It i, al,o w(ll6,(ttl(: t>at fi):i)7, of t>( a:<i)i,t*ativ( 4o:y ,u++o*t(: 4y ,u4,ta)tial (vi:()c( a*( acco*:(: )ot o)ly *(,+(ct 4ut al,o fi)ality a): a*( 4i):i)7 o) Cou*t,$ !# is no# for #$e re/iewin' )our# #o wei'$ #$e )onfli)#in' e/i4en)e, 4e#ermine #$e )re4i8ili#* of wi#nesses, or o#$erwise su8s#i#u#e i#s own ju4'men# for #$a# of #$e a4minis#ra#i/e a'en)* on #$e suffi)ien)* of e/i4en)e1 &our#s of jus#i)e will no# 'enerall* in#erfere wi#$ 5urel* a4minis#ra#i/e ma##ers w$i)$ are a44resse4 #o #$e soun4 4is)re#ion of 'o/ernmen# a'en)ies unless #$ere is a )lear s$owin' #$a# #$e la##er a)#e4 ar8i#raril* or wi#$ 'ra/e a8use of 4is)re#ion or w$en #$e* $a/e a)#e4 in a )a5ri)ious an4 w$imsi)al manner su)$ #$a# #$eir a)#ion ma* amoun# #o an e7)ess of juris4i)#ion
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique #& BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
ARNOLD MOLLANEDA v$ LEONIDA UMACO! '$R$ No$ &03&2C / Ju)( 233& T.IRD DIVISION 5Sa):oval6 'uti(**(? J$8 Courts o ?ustice will not generall% inter ere with purel% ad!inistrative !atters which are addressed to the sound discretion o govern!ent agencies unless there is a clear showing that the latter acted ar#itraril% or with grave a#use o discretion or when the% have acted in a capricious and whi!sical !anner such that their action !a% a!ount to an excess o ?urisdiction. An ad!inistrative agenc% can delegate the power to hear and receive evidence to a hearing o icer& as long as the L(o)i:a U<aco4 file4 a )om5lain# of se7ual $arassmen# a'ains# A*)ol: Molla)(:a wi#$ #$e Civil S(*vic( Co<<i,,io)1 Mollane4a file4 wi#$ &S&6RO $is answer 4en*in' #$e alle'a#ions an4 #$a# #$ere are Hma#erial )on#ra4i)#ionsI in Uma)o8Es /ersion of #$e in)i4en#1 +en4in' resolu#ion 8* #$e &S&6RO of Uma)o8Es )om5lain#, #$e DE&S in/es#i'a#in' )ommi##ee re)ommen4e4 #o #$e DE&S Re'ional Dire)#or H#$e 4ro55in' of #$e )aseI for la)= of meri#1 On #$e o#$er $an4, #$e &S&6RO issue4 resolu#ion )$ar'in' Mollane4a wi#$ 'ra/e mis)on4u)#, o55ression, a8use of au#$ori#* an4 )on4u)# 5reju4i)ial #o #$e 8es# in#eres# of #$e ser/i)e1 !# also foun4 #$ere was a 5rima fa)ie )ase a'ains# $im an4 e/en#uall* ele/a#e4 #o #$e &i/il Ser/i)e &ommission ,&ommission0 #$e re)or4s of #$e )ase1 T$e &ommission issue4 a resolu#ion fin4in' 5e#i#ioner 'uil#* an4 $e was me#e4 wi#$ 5enal#* of 4ismissal from 'o/ernmen# ser/i)e so 5e#i#ioner file4 a mo#ion for re)onsi4era#ion 8u# was 4enie41 T$e &our# of A55eals affirme4 #$e resolu#ion of #$e &ommision1 ISSUE? ($e#$er or no# #$e 4e)ision of #$e &ommission s$oul4 8e 'i/en res5e)# an4 finali#* 8* #$e )our#s .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED1 A) a:<i)i,t*ativ( a7()cy ca) :(l(7at( t>( +ow(* to >(a* a): *(c(iv( (vi:()c( to a >(a*i)7 offic(* a, lo)7 a, t>( a:<i)i,t*ativ( 4o:y <aH(, it, ow) i):(+():()t co)clu,io),$ Suc> fi):i)7, ,>all 4( co)clu,iv( u+o) t>( cou*t,$ T$e &our# lai4 4own #$e )ar4inal re2uiremen#s of 4ue 5ro)ess in a4minis#ra#i/e 5ro)ee4in's, one of w$i)$ is #$a# K#$e #ri8unal or 8o4* or an* of i#s ju4'es mus# a)# on i#s or $is own in4e5en4en# )onsi4era#ion of #$e law an4 fa)#s of #$e )on#ro/ers*, an4 no# sim5l* a))e5# #$e /iews of a su8or4ina#e1K T$us, i# is lo'i)al #o sa* #$a# #$is man4a#e was ren4ere4 5re)isel* #o ensure #$a# in )ases w$ere #$e $earin' or re)e5#ion of e/i4en)e is assi'ne4 #o a su8or4ina#e, #$e 8o4* or a'en)* s$all no# merel* rel* on $is re)ommen4a#ion 8u# ins#ea4 s$all 5ersonall* wei'$ an4 assess #$e e/i4en)e w$i)$ #$e sai4 su8or4ina#e $as 'a#$ere41 !n #$e )ase a# 8ar, i# is e/i4en# #$a# #$e &ommission i#self e/alua#e4 in 4e#ail #$e e/i4en)e of 8o#$ 5ar#ies as re5or#e4 8* A##*1 Buena1 VICTOR VALENCIA v$ COURT OF APPEALS et al. '$R$ No$ &22A/A 2B A+*il 233A SECOND DIVISION 5!(llo,illo J$8 1t is well-settled in our ?urisdiction that an ad!inistrative decision !ust irst #e appealed to ad!inistrative superiors up to the highest level #e ore it !a% #e elevated to a court o ?ustice or Based of is Cases Atty. Enrique review. /he power o ?udicial review !a% there ore #e exercised onl% on i the an Outline appeal irstof!ade #% the Dela Cruz $' highest BONTUYAN, ad!inistrative #od% in the hierarch% o the executive #ranch o govern!ent. DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA,
PULLANTE, SILVA
Victo* '$ Val()cia, a 'o/ernmen# re#iree, file4 an a)#ion #o re'ain 5ossession of $is - 5ar)els of lan4 si#ua#e4 in Baran'a* Lino#$an'an, &anlaon &i#*, Ne'ros Orien#al1 A))or4in' #o $im, $e $as 8een unjus#l* wi#$$el4 from $im 8* 5ersons )laimin' #o 8e #enan#s wi#$ #$e os#ensi8le )om5li)i#* of 'o/ernmen# offi)ials im5lemen#in' #$e a'rarian reform 5ro'ram1 Af#er some #ime, Vi)#or G1 Valen)ia a)2uire4 #$e firs# 5ar)el from a )er#ain Bonifa)io Su5ne#1 T$e onl* #enan# of #$e 5ro5er#* a# #$a# #ime was a )er#ain Di'o* Besario w$o was su))ee4e4 8* $is son %esus Besario1 Valen)ia an4 %esus Besario #ermina#e4 #$eir lan4lor46#enan# rela#ions$i51 Valen)ia #$en en#ere4 in#o a #en ,9D06*ear )i/il law lease a'reemen# o/er $is #wo ,-0 5ar)els of lan4 wi#$ a )er#ain Gli)erio enson1 Before #$e #en ,9D06*ear lease e75ire4, a55aren#l* wi#$ou# o8je)#ion from enson, Valen)ia lease4 #$e 5ro5er#* for fi/e ,:0 *ears #o .r1 An4res .lores un4er a )i/il law lease1 T$e lease a'reemen# 8e#ween Valen)ia an4 .r1 .lores was su8je)# #o a 5ro$i8i#ion a'ains# su8leasin' or en)um8erin' #$e lan4 wi#$ou# Valen)iaSs wri##en )onsen#1 Durin' #$e 5erio4 of $is lease, enson ins#i#u#e4 &res)en)iano .rias an4 Mar)iano .rias #o wor= on #$e 5ro5er#*, al#$ou'$ onl* &res)en)iano .rias a55aren#l* remaine4 in #$e lan41 owe/er, 4urin' #$e lease of .r1 An4res .lores, $e 4esi'na#e4 .ran)is)o O8an' ,as o/erseer0, Ro'elio Tama*o, an4 o#$ers, alon' wi#$ &res)en)iano an4 Mar)iano .rias, #o )ul#i/a#e #$e lan41 ($en #$e lease a'reemen# 8e#ween Valen)ia an4 .r1 .lores e75ire4, Valen)ia 4eman4e4 #$a# 5ri/a#e res5on4en#s /a)a#e #$e 5remises 8u# #$e* refuse4 an4 )on#inue4 )ul#i/a#in' #$e lan4 4es5i#e #$e 4eman4 for #$em #o /a)a#e1 Valen)ia file4 a le##er of 5ro#es# wi#$ #$e Minis#er of A'rarian Reform #o #a=e 8a)= #$e a)#ual 5ossession of $is 5ro5er#*1 ($ile in/es#i'a#ion was 8ein' )on4u)#e4 8* DAR 5ursuan# #o #$e 5ro#es#, DAR issue4 &LTs #o 5ri/a#e res5on4en#s so Valen)ia file4 a se)on4 5ro#es# an4 )an)ella#ion of #$e &LTs1 A##*1 Vilmo Am5on', DAR earin' Offi)er, re)ommen4e4 #$a# #$e &LTs issue4 #o 5ri/a#e res5on4en#s 8e )an)elle4 an4 #$e final sur/e* )on4u)#e4 on #$e lan4$ol4in' of Valen)ia se# asi4e1 Des5i#e #$a#, DAR Re'ional Offi)e in &e8u &i#* 4ismisse4 Valen)iaSs 5ro#es#1 E7e)u#i/e Se)re#ar* Teofis#o Guin'ona, %r1, 8* au#$ori#* of #$e +resi4en#, affirme4 #$e or4er of #$e DAR1 !n #$e &our# of A55eals, #$e a55ella#e )our# 4ismisse41 en)e, #$is Petition or "eview on Certiorari un4er Rule A: of #$e Rules of &our#1 ISSUE# ($e#$er or no# an a55eal #o #$e Offi)e of #$e +resi4en# from #$e De5ar#men# Se)re#ar* is 5ro5er un4er #$e 4o)#rine of e7$aus#ion of a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies .ELD# +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 !# is well6se##le4 in our juris4i)#ion #$a# a) a:<i)i,t*ativ( :(ci,io) <u,t fi*,t 4( a++(al(: to a:<i)i,t*ativ( ,u+(*io*, u+ to t>( >i7>(,t l(v(l 4(fo*( it <ay 4( (l(vat(: to a cou*t of Gu,tic( fo* *(vi(w$ T>( +ow(* of Gu:icial *(vi(w <ay t>(*(fo*( 4( (@(*ci,(: o)ly if a) a++(al i, fi*,t <a:( 4y t>( >i7>(,t a:<i)i,t*ativ( 4o:y i) t>( >i(*a*c>y of t>( (@(cutiv( 4*a)c> of 7ov(*)<()t$
Valen)ia )on#en4s #$a# an a55eal #o #$e Offi)e of #$e +resi4en# from #$e Se)re#ar* of A'rarian Reform is 5ro5er un4er #$e 4o)#rine of e7$aus#ion of a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies1 On #$e o#$er $an4, i# is #$e )on#en#ion of 5u8li) res5on4en#, #$e Offi)e of #$e Soli)i#or General, #$a# an e7)e5#ion #o #$is well6se##le4 5rin)i5le is #$e 4o)#rine of 2ualifie4 5oli#i)al a'en)*1 ($ere #$e res5on4en# is a De5ar#men# Se)re#ar*, w$ose a)#s as an al#er e'o of #$e +resi4en# 8ear #$e im5lie4 or assume4 a55ro/al of #$e la##er, unless #$e +resi4en# a)#uall* 4isa55ro/es #$em, a4minis#ra#i/e reme4ies $a/e alrea4* 8een e7$aus#e41 !n #$is )ase, #$e a55ella#e )our# rule4 #$a# #$e a55eal 8efore i# was file4 8e*on4 #$e re'lemen#ar* 5erio4 as 5e#i#ioner a55eale4 #o #$e Offi)e of #$e +resi4en#, an4 no# #o #$e &our# of A55eals, w$ere i# s$oul4 $a/e 8een 8rou'$#1 As a /ali4 e7er)ise of #$e Se)re#ar*Ss rule6ma=in' 5ower #o issue in#ernal rules of 5ro)e4ure, DAR Memo1 &ir)1 No1 >, series of 9GGA, e75ressl* 5ro/i4es for an a55eal #o #$e Offi)e of #$e +resi4en#1 T$us, 5e#i#ioner Valen)ia file4 on -A No/em8er 9GG> a #imel* a55eal 8* wa* of a 5e#i#ion for re/iew un4er Rule A> #o #$e &our# of A55eals from #$e 4e)ision of #$e Offi)e of #$e +resi4en#, w$i)$ was re)ei/e4 on 99 No/em8er 9GG>, well wi#$in #$e fif#een ,9:064a* re'lemen#ar* 5erio41
OFFICE OF T.E OM!UDSMAN v$ ROLSON RODRI'UEL '$R$ No$ &12133 2A July 23&3 SECOND DIVISION 5Ca*+io J$8 4ince the co!plaint was iled irst in the $!#uds!an& and the $!#uds!an opted to assu!e ?urisdiction over the co!plaint& the $!#uds!an>s exercise o ?urisdiction is to the exclusion o the 4angguniang Ba%an exercising concurrent ?urisdiction. A )om5lain# was file4 a'ains# Rol,o) Ro:*i7u(? punong #aranga% in Br'*1 S#o1 Rosario, Binal8a'an, Ne'ros O))i4en#al wi#$ #$e O<4u:,<a)1 Alle'e4l*, Ro4ri'ue3, )ommi##e4 a8use of au#$ori#*, 4is$ones#*, o55ression, mis)on4u)# in offi)e, an4 ne'le)# of 4u#*1 T$e sangguniang #a%an of Binal8a'an, Ne'ros O))i4en#al re)ei/e4 a similar )om5lain# a'ains# Ro4ri'ue3 for a8use of au#$ori#*, 4is$ones#*, o55ression, mis)on4u)# in offi)e, an4 ne'le)# of 4u#*1 Su8se2uen#l*, Ro4ri'ue3 file4 a mo#ion #o 4ismiss #$e )ase file4 in #$e sangguniang #a%an on #$e 'roun4 #$a# #$e alle'a#ions in #$e )om5lain# were wi#$ou# fa)#ual 8asis an4 4i4 no# )ons#i#u#e an* /iola#ion of law1 A44i#ionall*, Ro4ri'ue3 alle'e4 )om5lainan#s /iola#e4 #$e rule a'ains# forum s$o55in'1 Om8u4sman re2uire4 Ro4ri'ue3 #o file $is answer1 Ro4ri'ue3 file4 a mo#ion #o 4ismiss #$e )ase file4 in #$e Om8u4sman on #$e 'roun4s of litis pendentia an4 forum s$o55in'1 e alle'e4 #$a# #$e sangguniang #a%an $a4 alrea4* a)2uire4 juris4i)#ion o/er $is 5erson1 Ro4ri'ue3 mo/e4 for re)onsi4era#ion of #$e or4er )i#in' #$e 5en4en)* of $is mo#ion #o 4ismiss1 T$e Om8u4sman rei#era#e4 i#s or4er for Ro4ri'ue3 #o file $is 5osi#ion 5a5er w$ere $e insis#e4 #$a# #$e sangguniang #a%an s#ill )on#inue4 #o e7er)ise juris4i)#ion o/er #$e )om5lain# file4 a'ains# $im1 &om5lainan#s main#aine4 #$ere was no more )om5lain# 5en4in' in #$e sangguniang #a%an sin)e #$e la##er $a4 'ran#e4 #$eir mo#ion #o wi#$4raw #$e )om5lain#1 !n a rejoin4er, Ro4ri'ue3 a/erre4 #$a# #$e sangguniang #a%an resolu#ion 4ismissin' #$e )ase file4 a'ains# $im was no# /ali4 8e)ause onl* #$e /i)e6 ma*or si'ne4 i#1 Om8u4sman foun4 Ro4ri'ue3 'uil#* of 4is$ones#* an4 o55ression an4 im5ose4 on Ro4ri'ue3 #$e 5enal#* of 4ismissal from #$e ser/i)e1 T$e &our# of A55eals se# asi4e for la)= of juris4i)#ion #$e 4e)ision of #$e Om8u4sman1
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique $2 BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz
ISSUE# ($e#$er i# #$e 4angguniang Ba%an s$oul4 refrain from $earin' #$e )ase sin)e #$e Om8u4sman firs# a)2uire4 juris4i)#ion .ELD# +e#i#ion 'RANTED1 Se)#ion 9> of Ar#i)le O! of #$e &ons#i#u#ion an4 Se)#ion 9: of Re5u8li) A)# No1 ;CCD ,Om8u4sman A)# of 9GBG0 5ro/i4es for #$e 5owers, fun)#ions an4 4u#ies of #$e Om8u4sman #o in/es#i'a#e an4 5rose)u#e )om5lain#s a'ain 5u8li), offi)ial or a'en)*1 T$e 5rimar* juris4i)#ion of #$e Om8u4sman #o in/es#i'a#e an* a)# or omission of a 5u8li) offi)er or em5lo*ee a55lies onl* in )ases )o'ni3a8le 8* #$e 4andigan#a%an1 !n )ases )o'ni3a8le 8* re'ular )our#s, #$e Om8u4sman $as )on)urren# juris4i)#ion wi#$ o#$er in/es#i'a#i/e a'en)ies of 'o/ernmen#1 Un4er Re5u8li) A)# No1 C9;D, o#$erwise =nown as #$e Lo)al Go/ernmen# &o4e, #$e s angguniang panlungsod or sangguniang #a%an $as 4is)i5linar* au#$ori#* o/er an* ele)#i/e #aranga% offi)ial1 T$e Om8u4sman $as )on)urren# juris4i)#ion wi#$ #$e sangguniang #a%an o/er a4minis#ra#i/e )ases a'ains# ele)#i/e #aranga% offi)ials o))u5*in' 5osi#ions 8elow salar* 'ra4e -C, su)$ as 5ri/a#e res5on4en# in #$e )ase a# 8ar1 !n a4minis#ra#i/e )ases in/ol/in' #$e )on)urren# juris4i)#ion of #wo or more 4is)i5linin' au#$ori#ies, #$e 8o4* in w$i)$ #$e )om5lain# is file4 firs#, an4 w$i)$ o5#s #o #a=e )o'ni3an)e of #$e )ase, a)2uires juris4i)#ion #o #$e e7)lusion of o#$er #ri8unals e7er)isin' )on)urren# juris4i)#ion1 !n #$is )ase, ,i)c( t>( co<+lai)t wa, fil(: fi*,t i) t>( O<4u:,<a) a): t>( O<4u:,<a) o+t(: to a,,u<( Gu*i,:ictio) ov(* t>( co<+lai)t t>( O<4u:,<a)E, (@(*ci,( of Gu*i,:ictio) i, to t>( (@clu,io) of t>( san**unian* ba'an (@(*ci,i)7 co)cu**()t Gu*i,:ictio)$
Based on the Outline of Cases of Atty. Enrique $3 BONTUYAN, DE GUZMAN, DE LEON, DELOSO, HIZON Kenneth & King, MALANG, MARANAN, MATIBAG, MEDINA, PULLANTE, SILVA Dela Cruz

Political Law Cases

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Political Law Cases

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS Faculty of Civil Law

JURISPRUDENCE ON ADMININSTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

($e#$er or no# #$e &ommission on a4ju4i)a#or* 5ower .ELD# +e#i#ion DENIED

uman Ri'$#s is a (uasi-?udicial 8o4* w$i)$ $as

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW LAW ON PU!LIC OFFICERS " ELECTION LAW