HEAT TRANSFER OPERATIONS

Forced Convection in Tubes

Dr. Muhammad Rizwan

FORCED CONVECTION IN TUBES:
Problem 12.3 (Unit operations of Chemical Engineering):
Oils is flowing through a 75 mm ID iron pipe at 1 m/sec. The thickness
of the pipe is 4 mm. It is being heated by steam outside the pipe, and
the steam film coefficient may be taken as 11 kW/m2. C. At a particular
point along the pipe, the oil is at 50 C, its density is 880 Kg/m3, its
viscosity is 2.1 cP, its thermal conductivity is 0.135 W/m. C, and its
specific heat is 2.17 J/g. C. What is the overall heat transfer coefficient
at this point based on the inside area of the pipe? If the steam
temperature is 120 C, what is the heat flux at this point based on the
outside area of the pipe?
HEAT TRANSFER OPERATIONS

External Forced Convection




Free stream velocity (u

):
The velocity of the fluid relative to an immersed solid body sufficiently
far from the body (outside the boundary layer)
The subscript infinity serves as a reminder that this is the value at a
distance where the presence of the body is not felt.
Free stream velocity is taken uniform and steady for design and
analysis purposes.
EXTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION:
EXTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION:
Figure: Distribution of film heat transfer coefficient round a
cylinder with flow normal to the axis
Flow across Single Cylinders:
EXTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION:
Heat loss from a steam pipe in windy air:
Example 7-5 (Heat Transfer: A practical approach):
A long 10 cm diameter steam pipe whose external surface temperature
is 110
o
C passes through some open area that is not protected against
the winds. Determine the rate of heat loss from the pipe per unit of its
length when the air is at 1 atm pressure and 10
o
C and the wind is
blowing across the pipe at a velocity of 8 m/s.
EXTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION:
In line arrangement
Staggered arrangement
EXTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION:
Flow across Tube banks:
FLOW OVER TUBE BANKS:
Values for Ch against different reynolds numbers for
diff tube arrangements