M.

Prasad Naidu
MSc Medical Biochemistry, Ph.D,.

It is an improvement over mean deviation

Measure of dispersion

Used most commonly in statistical analyses

Calculation of SD

First find the mean of series

Find the deviation or difference of individual

measurement from mean

Next find the sum of squares of deviation or

difference of individual measurements from their
mean

Now find the variance (Var) mean squared

deviation

var ! (" # ")
$
% n

If lar&e sample si'e (

If sample less than )* (

Square root of variance that gives SD
For ex :
Mean = 2+5+3+4+15 = 155 = 3
!ar = 1"5 = 2
#ses of SD

It summari'es the deviation of a lar&e distri+ution from

mean in one fi&ure used as unit of variation

Indicates whether the variation of difference of an

individual from mean is +y chance

,elps in findin& the -. which determines whether the

difference +etween means of two similar samples is +y
chance or real

,elps in findin& the suita+le si'e of sample for valid

conclusion/

0he shape of curve will depend upon mean and -1 of which

in turn depend upon the num+er and nature of o+servation/

In normal curve (#

2rea +%w 3 -1 on either side of mean will include

approximately 456 of values in distri+ution

2rea +%w $ -1 is 786

2rea +%w ) -1 is 77/96

0hese limits on either side of mean are called :confidence

limits;
SD of nor$al curve
Stan%ar% nor$al curve

-mooth

+ell shaped

<erfectly symmetrical

=ased on infinity lar&e num+er of o+servation

0otal area of curve 3

Mean *

-1 3

Mean > median and mode all coincide

SD of nor$al curve

=ell shaped curve will show an inflexion on the ascendin&

as well as descendin& units of curve

If vertical lines are drawn from each of these points they

will intersect the " axis on either side of the mean at an
equal distance from it

2 lar&e portion of area under the normal curve has +een

included in portion of curve +%w the $ points of inflexion

0he distance +%w the mean and point of inflexion

either side is equal to -1 and is denoted +y a ? si&n
prefixed to it to indicate that it extends on either side
of mean/

If another vertical line is drawn an either side of mean

at a distance equal to twice -1 most of values in
distri+ution ta+le would have +een included in this
part of curve

In most cases> ? -1 will include $%) of sample values

and mean ? $ -1 will include 7*6 of values/