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PRACTICES
A Text Book on
Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110 092 India
CLASS XI
A text book on Informatics Practices, Class XI.
PRICE : Rs.
FIRST EDITION 2010 CBSE, India
COPIES:
PUBLISHED BY : The Secretary, Central Board of Secondary
Education, Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar,
Delhi-110092
DESIGN, LAYOUT : Multi Graphics, 5745/81, Reghar Pura, Karol Bagh,
New Delhi-110005, Phone : 25783846
PRINTED BY :
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"This book or part thereof may not be reproduced by
any person or agency in any manner."
Foreword
Information and Communication Technology has permeated in every walk of life
affecting the technology fields such as launching satellites, managing businesses across
the globe and also enabling social networking. The convergence of computer,
communication and content technologies, being known as ICT, have attracted attention
of academia, business, government and communities to use it for innovative profitable
propositions. Year by year it is becoming simpler to use devices such as desktop, palm
top, iPod, etc.
21st century is characterized with the emergence of knowledge based society wherein
ICT plays a pivotal role. In its vision, the National Policy on ICT in School Education by
MHRD, Govt. of India, states "The ICT policy in School Education aims at preparing
youth to participate creatively in the establishment, sustenance and growth of a
knowledge society leading to all around socio economic development of the nation and
global competitiveness". The policy envisages three stages of ICT implementations at
school level - ICT literacy and Competency Enhancement, ICT enabled teaching-
learning, and introduction of ICT related elective subjects at Senior Secondary level.
With this backdrop a major paradigm shift is imperative in imparting ICT-enabled
instructions, collaborative learning, multidisciplinary problem-solving and promoting
critical thinking skills as envisaged in the National curriculum framework 2005.
Foundation of these skills is laid at school level. Armed with such skills it is expected that
a student will transform knowledge into easy to use systems to the ultimate benefit of the
society at large.
Syllabus of Informatics Practices has been revisited accordingly with a focus on generic
concepts with domain specific practical experiments and projects to ensure conceptual
knowledge with practical skills. The societal impact of ICT have been discussed. A new
Unit on IT Applications has been added to enhance understanding of the above tools and
techniques to solve real life problems by designing both front end and back end with
proper data connectivity. Introduction of Open Standards and Open Source to promote
Vendor Neutrality of tools. Creativity and Collaborative Learning/Programming is also
an added feature.
Specifically, a Unit on Networking and Open Standards is introduced in place of
Business Computing. For IDE based programming, Java is introduced in place of VB.
Relational Database Management System is dealt with using My SQL in place of SQL &
PL/SQL using Oracle.
The CBSE had been recommending different books in the past. With a total overhauling
of the course on Informatics Practices it has ventured to bring out a comprehensive text
book for all units for the first time.
I am happy to release Part-1 of Informatics Practices for Class - XI. I would like to express
my deep appreciation to the text book development team for their contribution and to
the convener of the team, Prof. Om Vikas who aptly steered this activity. Appreciation is
also due to Mrs. C Gurumurthy, Director (Academic) and Dr.(Smt) Srijata Das,
Education Officer, for planning, coordinating and executing this initiative and bringing
out this publication.
It is hoped that all students and teachers will benefit by making best use of this
publication. Their feedback will be highly appreciated for further improvement.
VINEET JOSHI
CHAIRMAN
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THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
PREAMBLE
1
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a
SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens :
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all
2
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the [unity and integrity of the Nation];
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY TO
OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.
THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
Chapter IV A
Fundamental Duties
ARTICLE 51A
Fundamental Duties - It shall be the duty of every citizen of India-
(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the
National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
(e) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India
transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices
derogatory to the dignity of women;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wild life and to
have compassion for living creatures;
(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation
constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
1. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 1976, sec. 2, for "Sovereign Democratic Republic (w.e.f.
3.1.1977)
2. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 1976, sec. 2, for "unity of the Nation (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)
Preface
Computers have permeated in every sector of economy. Computer technology has been
rapidly changing exhibiting exponential performance improvements. The
developments may be categorized in three phases. The first phase of computing focused
on mainframes to solve specific problems. A single vendor provide a fully integrated
system. The second phase of Middleware segments focused on computer architecture
and operating system techniques to support run-time programming with platform
independence and to increase application programmers' productivity. Client could
separately buy servers, Operating Systems, middleware, storage, etc. The third phase of
web browsers led to emergence of connected computer systems and computing
platforms. Key factors included TCP/IP and Ethernet as standard communication
protocols and affordable PCs. IT service industry grew that led to outsourcing IT
operations. This delivery model is now being challenged by another model of cloud
computing.
Information Technology that refers to the convergence of computer, communication and
content technologies plays catalytic role in emergence of new socio-economic
applications. Need of introducing IT to all the students opting different combinations of
courses was felt. Informatics Practices was introduced as motivational course carrying
case studies aiming to build problem-solving skills. The curriculum was revisited so as
to make students better prepared for career in various industries requiring IT tools and
applications. Recommendations of NCF 2005 have also been taken into consideration.
Need for preparing an authentic book to follow in the class-room was also felt.
Accordingly CBSE initiated the endeavor. This is a beginning with praparing for class-XI
Part-1 of the intended book on Informatics practices.
Characteristics of the book based on the revised curriculum are:
a) Introduction to Open Standards and Open Source aims at Vendor Neutrality
of tools, Creative computing and Collaborative Learning environment.
(b) Presentation of various concepts is in the form of conversation with students.
(c) Development of Front End Interface, Back End Database and connectivity of
both has been dealt with in such a manner that the student gets a complete feel
of Application Development.
(d) Generic concepts with specific examples help the student to relate IT tools and
its applications in real sense.
(e) Annexures are added to clarify some concepts in details, which will be useful
to the teachers as well as to the advanced learners.
I am happy to be associated with this endeavor. Expert colleagues -Mr Mukesh Kumar,
Ms Gurpreet Kaur, Ms Nancy Sehgal, Ms Divya Jain, Ms Ritu Arora, Mr Gautam Sarkar-
put untiring efforts in authoring and patiently improvising the chapters with case study
based approach for better comprehension. They also contributed for preparing
Annexures appropriately linking with the content for evaluation purpose. Comments of
Dr. MPS Bhatia were valuable in improvising the presentation. From time to time
Mrs. C Gurumuthy, Director (Academics) at CBSE gave ideas on motivating students to
study and interconnect concepts and apply them in real life situations. I extend my
sincere thanks to them.
Thanks are due to Dr. Srijata Das, Education Officer at CBSE for well directed
coordination of the meetings. Her constant persuasion to meet the time target made it
possible to get the book ready in time.
Without undaunted support of Shri Vineet Joshi, Chairman CBSE, a new initiative of
writing such a book would have been impossible. On behalf of my team members and
myself, I extend our profound thanks to him.
Prof. Om Vikas (Convener)
Former Director, IIITM, Gwalior
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Shri Vineet Joshi, Chairman, CBSE
Smt. Chitralekha Gurumurthy, Director (Academics)