EGR 334 HW Set31_ Spring 2012

Problem 8: 2
Water is the working fluid in an ideal Rankin cycle. Superheated vapor enters the turbine at 10
MPa, 480 C and the condenser pressure is 6 kPa. Determine for the cycle
a) the rate of heat transfer to the working fluid passing through the steam generator, in kJ per kg
of steam flowing
b) the thermal efficiency.
c) the rate of heat transfer from the working fluid passing through the condenser to the cooling
water in kJ per kg of steam flowing.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H20 with an Ideal Rankine cycle

State 1: p1 = 10 MPa = 100 bar T1 = 480 C
State 2 p2 = 6 kPa = 0.06 bar s2=s1
State 3; p3 = p2 = 0.06 bar Sat Liq.
State 4; s4 = s3 p4 = p1 = 100 bar.

Find other properties of states:
State 1 State 2 State 3 State 4

p [bar] 100 0.06 0.06 100
T [C] 480
x super heated 76.92% sat. liq comp. liq
v [m3/kg] 0.0010064
h [kJ/kg] 3321.4 2009.8 151.53 161.59
s [kJ/kg-K] 6.5282 6.5282 0.5210 0.5210
Property values were found using the following steps:
1) Read h
1
and s
1
from Table A-4
2) Let s
2
= s
1
, then calculate x
2
using p
2
and s
2

3) using x
2
at p
2
= 0.06 bar, find h
2

4) Find v
3
, h
3
, and s
3
at 0.06 bar and sat. liquid
5) let s4 = s3 and find h4 using h
4
-h
3
= v
3
(p
4
-p
3
)
2
3
4 3 3 4 3
/
( ) 151.53 / 0.0010064 / (10000 6) 161.59 /
kN m kJ
h h v p p kJ kg m kg kPa kJ kg
kPa kN m

a) rate of heat transfer through the steam generator.

. . 4 1
0 ( )
s g
Q m h h

. .
1 4
( ) (3321.4 152.5) 3168.9 /
s g
Q
h h kJ kg
m

b) thermal efficiency:

. .
turbine pump
s g
W W
Q

where

1 2
( ) (3321.4 2009.8) 1311.6
turbine
W m h h m m

3 4
( ) (151.53 160.59) 10.06
pump
W m h h m m
then:

. .
1311.5 10.06
0.4107 41.07%
3168.9
turbine pump
s g
W W
m m
Q m

c) heat transfer through the condenser:


2 3
0 ( )
cond
Q m h h

3 2
( ) (151.53 2009.8) 1858.3 /
cond
Q
h h kJ kg
m



































EGR 334 HW Set31_ Spring 2012
Problem 8: 7
Water is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle. Saturated vapor enters the turbine at 16
MPa and the condenser pressure is 8 kPa. The mass flow rate of steam entering the turbine is
120 kg/s. Determine
a) the net power developed in kW.
b) the rate of heat transfer to the steam passing through the boiler in kW.
c) the thermal efficiency.
d) the mass flow rate of condenser cooling water in kg/s,if the cooling water undergoes a
temperature increase of 18 C with negligible pressure change in passing through the condenser.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H20 in Ideal Rankine Cycle: mdot = 120 kg/s
State 1: p
1
= 16 MPa = 160 bar and sat. vapor.
State 2: p
2
= 8 kPa= 0.08 bar and s
2
= s
1

State 3: p
3
= p
2
= 0.08 bar and sat. liq.
State 4: p
4
= p
1
= 16 MPa and s
4
= s
3


Find other properties of states:
State 1 State 2 State 3 State 4

p [bar] 160 0.08 0.08 160
T [C] 347.4
x sat. vapor 0.6094 sat. liq comp. liq
v [m3/kg] 0.0010084
h [kJ/kg] 2580.6 1638.2 173.88 190.01
s [kJ/kg-K] 5.2455 5.2455 0.5926 0.5926
Property values were found using the following steps:
1) Read h
1
and s
1
from Table A-3 for p
1
= 160 bar and sat. vapor.
2) Let s
2
= s
1
, then calculate x
2
using p
2
and s
2

3) using x
2
at p
2
= 0.08 bar, find h
2

4) Find v
3
, h
3
, and s
3
at 0.08 bar and sat. liquid
5) let s
4
= s
3
and find h
4
using h
4
-h
3
= v
3
(p
4
-p
3
)

2
3
4 3 3 4 3
/
( ) 173.88 / 0.0010084 / (16000 8) 190.01 /
kN m kJ
h h v p p kJ kg m kg kPa kJ kg
kPa kN m

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a) net power:

net turbine pump
W W W

where

1 2
( ) 120 / (2580.6 1638.2) / 113088
/
turbine
kW
W m h h kg s kJ kg kW
kJ s


3 4
( ) (120 / )(173.88 190.01) / 1935.6
/
pump
kW
W m h h kg s kJ kg kW
kJ s

then:

113088 1936 111152
net turbine pump
W W W kW


b) boiler heat transfer:

. . 4 1
0 ( )
s g
Q m h h

. . 1 4
( ) (120 / )(2580.6 190.01) / 286871
/
s g
kW
Q m h h kg s kJ kg kW
kJ s

c) thermal efficiency:

. .
111152
0.3874 38.7%
286871
net
s g
W
Q



d) mass flow rate of cooling water.

2 3
0 ( ) ( )
steam cooling A B
m h h m h h

2 3 20
0 ( ) ( )
steam cooling h A B
m h h m c T T

2 3
20
( ) (1638.2 173.88) /
(120 / ) 2335 /
( ) (4.18 / )( 18 )
cooling steam o o
h A B
h h kJ kg
m m kg s kg s
c T T kJ kg C C




































EGR 334 HW Set31_ Spring 2012
Problem 8: 13
The figure provides steady state operating data for a solar power plant that operates on a Rankine
cycle with R134A as its working fluid. The turbine and pump operate adiabatically. The rate of
energy input to the collectors from solar radiation is 0.3 kW per m
2
of collector surface area with
60% of the solar input to the collectors absorbed by the refrigerant as it passes through the
collectors. Determine the solar collector surface area in m
2
per kW of power developed by the
plant. Discuss possible operational improvements that could reduce the required collector
surface area.



R134A with a Rankine Cycle. Adiabatic Turbine and pump operation
Collectors bring in 0.3 kW/m2 and 60% is transmitted to the fluid.

b) thermal efficiency:

. .
turbine pump
s g
W W
Q

where

1 2
( ) (276.83 261.01) 15.82
turbine
W m h h m m

3 4
( ) (86.78 87.93) 1.15
pump
W m h h m m

1 4
( ) (276.83 87.93) 188.9
collector
Q m h h m m
and:
15.82 1.15 (14.67 / )
plant turbine pump
W W W kJ kg m
and

. .
0.60
s g in
Q Q

. .
188.9
(314.83 / )
0.60 0.60
s g
in
Q
m
Q kJ kg m

Area of collection

2
(0.3 / )
in collector
Q kW m A

2
2 2
(314.83 / )
(1049.4 / )
0.3 / (0.3 / ) /
in
collector
Q kJ kg m kW
A m s kg m
kW m kW m kJ s

Then the ration of Area to Net Power out is


2
2
(1049 / ) /
71.54 /
(14.67 / )
collector
net
A m s kg m kJ s
m kW
W kJ kg m kW

EGR 334 HW Set31_ Spring 2012
Problem 8: 17
Water is the working fluid in a Rankine cycle. Superheated vapor enters the turbine at 10 MPa,
480 C, and the condenser pressure is 6 kPa. The turbine and pump have isentropic efficiencies
of 80 and 70% respectively. Determine for the cycle.
a) the rate of heat transfer to the working fluid passing through the steam generator in kJ per kg
of steam flowing
b) the thermal efficiency
c) the rate of heat transfer from the working fluid passing through the condenser to the cooling
water in kJ per kg of steam flowing.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H20 as a Rankine cycle.
H20 in Ideal Rankine Cycle: mdot = 120 kg/s
State 1: p
1
= 10 MPa = 100 bar and T
1
= 480 C.
State 2: p
2
= 6 kPa= 0.06 bar
turbine
= 80%
State 3: p
3
= p
2
= 0.06 bar and sat. liq.
State 4: p
4
= p
1
= 100 bar
pump
= 70%


Find other properties of states:
State 1 State 2 State 3 State 4

p [bar] 100 0.06 0.06 100
T [C] 480
x super heated x
2s
=76.92% sat. liq comp. liq
v [m3/kg] 0.0010064
h [kJ/kg] 3321.4 2272.12 151.53 165.90
h
s
2009.8 161.59
s [kJ/kg-K] 6.5282 s
2s
=6.5282 0.5210 s
4s
=0.5210

Property values were found using the following steps:
1) Read h
1
and s
1
from Table A-3 for p
1
= 100 bar and T
1
=480.
2) Use p
2
= 0.06 and s
2s
=s
1
to find x
2s

3) Use turbine efficiency to find h
2
:

1 2
_
1 2
issen turbine
s
h h
h h

2 1 _ 1 2
( )
issen turbine s
h h h h

2
3321.4 0.8(3321.4 2009.8) 2272.12 h
4) Find v
3
, h
3
, and s
3
at 0.06 bar and sat. liquid
5) let s
4
= s
3s
and find h
4s
using h
4s
-h
3
= v
3
(p
4
-p
3
)
6) Use pump efficiency to find the h4:

3 4
_
3 4
s
issen pump
h h
h h

4 3 4 3
_
1
( )
s
issen pump
h h h h

4
1
151.53 (161.59 151.53) 165.90
0.7
h

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Find other properties of states:
State 1 State 2 State 3 State 4

p [bar] 100 0.06 0.06 100
T [C] 480
x super heated x
2s
=76.92% sat. liq comp. liq
v [m3/kg] 0.0010064
h [kJ/kg] 3321.4 2272.12 151.53 165.90
h
s
2009.8 161.59
s [kJ/kg-K] 6.5282 s
2s
=6.5282 0.5210 s
4s
=0.5210


a) rate of heat transfer through the steam generator.

. . 4 1
0 ( )
s g
Q m h h

. .
1 4
( ) (3321.4 165.90) 3155.5 /
s g
Q
h h kJ kg
m

b) thermal efficiency:

. .
turbine pump
s g
W W
Q

where

1 2
( ) (3321.4 2272.12) 1049.3
turbine
W m h h m m

3 4
( ) (151.53 165.90) 14.37
pump
W m h h m m
then:

. .
1049.3 14.37
0.3280 32.8%
3155.5
turbine pump
s g
W W
m m
Q m

c) heat transfer through the condenser:


2 3
0 ( )
cond
Q m h h

3 2
( ) (151.53 2272.12) 2120.6 /
cond
Q
h h kJ kg
m