You are on page 1of 156

.

..............................................................................................................................
...........................................................
) ( .............................................................................
...............................................................................
............................................................................
............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
) /( ...............................
" " " " .........................................................
)-( ..............................................................................
...................................................................
...................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
................................................


.


.

.


.

.



) .(1
.
)

(


.


"" Hirschberg

Sarton
" " W.

Durant

L. Luelerc

" " Browne Nallino

Aldo Mieli

.



.

) ( .

)(1


) (
.

( ) (

(
)





...




" "


.

""


"
.


".

" "
Miskawaih
" "

"




" "

.

:
""

)(1



.

).(2

)(1

: :
/ : :

)(2

: .

) (


" "
" "
.



).(1

:

.


.








.





).(2

:

.


. :

)(1

)(2

: :
: .

. : .

) (:


) ( ) (.



.

)(

" :



" ).(1




.


)(1

: .

) (


" :

" " " "
" " ).(1

) : (:
"
" ) .(2
"
" "
.

" "
.

"
" .
)(1
)(2

: .

: .

)(1

:
"

" ).(2
""
" "















.


" " .
)(1
)(2

: .

: .

.

" "
" "
.

" " )" :(1



...
" . .
" :

" ).(2

) (:



"



"

)(3






)(1
)(2
)(3

: .
: .
: .












) .(




.
"

"

)(1


"

".






" ".



"

" ).(2

)(1
)(2

: .






.
.

.
"

"

)(1


"
" ).(2
""" :
"

"..

)(4

)(3


" :

.

" " ) .(5





)(
)( " " ).(6

)(1
)(2

.
.

)(3

)(5

) (4 .
) (6 .


:


.

"

" ).(1

.


- -

.
.

)(1

) (
. : ) ( .
. : .

. : .
. : ) . ( .
. : )(
.
. : .

. :
.
. : ) . (
.
. : .

. : .

. : ) .(
.
. : )(
.

. : .
. : .
. : ) . ( .
. : .


"

"
" : "
"
"






" "

"" .


.
:


""




.




) .(1
) .(2



. ...



" " " :
".

)(1

)(2

. : .
: .

. : .


).(1

) .(2

" " " :


"


).(3
)(1

)(2

)(3

. :
.

.
: :

:



.

" :
" ).(1

" : : "

" :

" ) .(2 :
" ).(3
: " :

:



. :
" " :

" : .
: " ).(4
)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4

: .
: .
: .

: .

:
"

" ).(1

" "
" :
. : " ).(2

)(3

...


" " .


.


.
)(1
)(2

)(3

.
:
.

: .





. ..

" :



").(1
:


. :

).(2


) (3








.



.




)(1
)(2
)(3

: .
.

. .


.





.



" " " "
.
) ( .
.




/ :
.

: ).(1

)(1


" :
").(1
" ":

"
:


: ... ""
" " "" "" " " " "
" " " "" " ).(2

)(3

) .(4

.
).(5

:



" .

.
)(1

. .

)(3

)(2

)(4
)(5

.
.

" :
" ) .(1



" " :
" :
") .(2

: :

:

" ).(3

" : " .

.
:

. " "


:
" :
" :
)(1

)(2

)(3




*
"

... " . :
.
:

" " ) (1

"

" ) (2



).(3
: :
.



:


"
:

").(4



.



)(1

: .

)(3

)(2

)(4

.
:


.
.
" :




. .


... :

.
").(1


. " "
:
"

" ).(2

" :
") .(3





.
)(1
)(2
)(3

.
. .
.


:
.

" ).(1
"


.
" :
) (

: :
.. : . : :

.


.

: ").(2





: .


)(1
)(2



" : :


*
. :


.(1)

. :

) .(2
:
:

: .

: ".
: :

: ).(3
" : "
" :

" ) .(4" :
" . " : :

" .

.
:






..
.

" "
" "
)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4

) ( .
.
.

" :

" ) .(1 " "


. " "

" " "" "" .
" " .


" " " "


.

:
" " :

" " " :


" ).(2
"

" .


: " ) .(3
" ""
" .

)(1
)(2
)(3

.
.

"

" . :
"

" . " :

" .
"! :
!".

. " " " "



" ).(1
.


" " " "
" "

:

"" ""
)(1

. .

. ""

.(1) ""



: .



:



.(2)


).(3



.
.
.


" :

".
" :


"

:
" ) .(4

" "
)(1
)(2
)(3

)(4
)(5

)(5

.
.

.
.
.


).(1



. " :

.



).(2

" "
" "

"" ""

"" ""

" "
.


" "
.

).(3


)(1

)(2

. .

)(3


"" "" " "
.





.


. " :


" ) .(1

"


".
" "



: ).(2


" :
" ) .(3


"
)(1
)(2
)(3

.
.


".

" "

.
.

"
" ).(1
" "

)(2

" "



).(3
"" " :


. :
" " ).(4
)(1
)(2
)(3

)(4

.
. .

.
.

: " :



").(1
" :


" . :
. : . :
.

). (2

"
. .

.




" ).(3
" :
" : " .
:


"

" ).(4

)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4

.
.
.

. .


" :

"...
.


" :
.
" :

".
:
.(1) ".. " :

" ." :

" : . :
".
" :



" ).(2

" :


" ) .(3 " :


".

)(1
)(2
)(3

.
.


:





.

Communication
.






.








.



) .(1





: :






.

)(2



*



.(3)

:
:
. : ... : ) .(4



.
Dialogue :

: .








).(5

)(1

: .

)(3

)(2

)(4
)(5

.
:.

: .



) .(1 :

).(2

:




).(3

) (4



. :
.(5)


" :
"

)(6


" "

..



)(1

)(2

) (
. .
.

)(3

)(4

)(5
)(6





.

" " .

. :



*










.(1)


.

:

)(2


.

.
:


.
)(1
)(2

.
. :






:

*




*







*


" ) .(1

(2) :



:

.(3)






:


.










.(4)


.
""

. )( :


(5)

)(6

)(1

)(2

)(4

)(3

)(5
)(6

.
.
.









:



). (1
)( ""
.

)(



.

).(2


.

)(1
)(2

.



.

.


:


.(1)

)(2

)(1
)(2




:


.(1)

)(2

:








(3)


)(4

.(5)


" "
" " " :



" ).(6
" "

" :
"

)(7

" :

" ) .(8

)(1

)(3

)(5

)(2

)(4

)(6

)(7
)(8

: .
.
:

.
.

: .



""

)(1

"

: : " :
" ).(2
:


".
" "
" :





" ).(3

:

""



:






.(4)


" :
)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4

.
.
.


" ).(1

" "

)(2

:


.

.


" "

)(4

)(3

.(5)

"
.



)(1

)(2

)(3

)(4
)(5

. .
.

"

*





"




.(1)



.


" :
" ) .(2 " : " ).(3
.

:

- :







" " )" :(4





".

)(1

)(2

)(3
)(4

- :
" :


"

"
" ) .(1

- :
" ")" (2
.




.



:

.

- :

:







:
)(1
)(2

.




" ).(1

- :





""

:


.

)(1


" ".





.
).(1


.

.





.




).(2

)(1

)(2

.(1)

:
: : .

) :(2 "
" . :

" )" :(3 ".

" :
".



.
: "
" . " :
" ).(4

)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4

.
.
.




" "

" " " "


) (1
"

" ).(2
Dialectique

Dialectic Dailektike

"" ) .(3


" ".



)(4

).(5

" "


.

)(1

. .

)(3

. .

)(2

)(4
)(5

.
.


.
" "

"" ""




:





) (1

" "

)(2

" :


)(1
)(2

.

.


"


" ).(1

" " "


" " ) /(




..

).(2




.
)(1
)(2

.
.

.(1)
" "



)(1





*










).(1










). (2
























). (3

:
" "

)(4


"

)(6

)(5

.(7)



: :



)(1

)(3

)(5

)(2

)(4

)(6
)(7

. .
.
.
.




.(1)





:

:



.




).(2


)" :(3

".


" "
) (4 :

)(5

)(1

)(3

)(2

)(4
)(5

.
.
.




).(1







.(2)








:
).(3





.(4)


.

:




)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4

. .
.
.

..


.

)(1



.




).(2

.

).(3



. " :

) (4


).(5

)(1

)(2
)(3
)(4
)(5


*





:
.

.
.

. .

" :
. ..


.. ..
.

.




.

:

:




" :

" ).(1




" :
)(1



" . "



" ).(1

:


"


:

:

" ).(2






" ).(3

)(1
)(2
)(3

.
.
.

.
:




.


:



.
:




).(1
:
..


).(2


.
)(1
)(2

. .


).(1
:


.
:






).(2

. .

.
.
.
.

)(1
)(2

.
.


.
.
. .

.
).(1

:

:

. " :


".
:
.

.

:
" ".

)(2

..

..




..



)(1
)(2

. .



"

"
.
""


.
.



.

" "
" "

.










.



.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
. .

.
.
.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.
. .
.
.

.
. .
.
.

.
.
.
.
.


) /(






.
.

" "

)(1









" "
)( .
" " :
"


" ).(2

.
)(1

)(2

) (
.



.




" "
.
.
" "
) .(1 " "

" " . "


" " "
" " :
.

" "


.
" " ) (

"" ).(2
)(1

)(2

: )(
.

: .

: .

""
. .



" "

)(1

).(2





/.


" "

) (
).(3

" "
)(4
:
)(1
)(2
)(3

)(4

.
.


).(1

" " )
( .


.

.

.


" "

)( ) (

:
) (
) (
.
)(


)(1

:
:
.

" :- ) (


.

" ).(1


" :

.
""
" :

.
.
".

" :
" ).(2

)(1
)(2

.
.



:



"


.
.



" ).(1

" :

. .
" ).(2


.



..

)(1
)(2

.
.

.
.
" "

.

/
. ) ( ) /(
" " .

.

):(1
" :

. " ).(2





.
)(1

)(2


) ( .

.



)( )( .




.


" " " "
:
"
" " " ) -(


.

.
.



.


" "

.
.


)-(

) (

)(1

)(2


" "

" "




.

"
"
.


" "



)(1
)(2

: / .
: / .




" "


""

\



)(.

: :


.


. :
.

.

: :
.

) (1 .
.

) (

.


)(1

: .

.
.




.

) ( .
) (

)

(



).(1


"
" " "
" " " "


" ".



.



.
)(1

. :
: .
: .

- :
) (




"

" ).(1
) /
( "

"





/
/

/ .


" "


.
""

)(1

: .


" ".

- :



"

").(1




).(2


"
" ) .(3
.


"

.



)(1
)(2
)(3

: . .
.

: . /

""


"
) (.




) .(1

.

) (:


" " " ").(2




) .(3
" "

" ".

"

"
.

)(1
)(2
)(3

" " .
: . /
: / .

" " " "


.

: :
. : "
"

)(1

...


. " "

.

. : " " ":



"
"

)(2

: "

)(3

"




" ) .(4

. " "

" " ).(5


)(1

: / / .

)(3

: . /

)(2

)(4
)(5

: / . /
: . /

: .





. . ) (1

" ".


.







).(2
"

"




.


.
" "
)(1
)(2

: . .

: .
" "
.


" "





.


:

""






"" .
.



.
""

"

" .

" "
"

"
.


""
.
.

.

: ).(1

.
.

" ") .(2



""

:

.



.

)(3


.
.
.


. .
"
"

)(4

)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4

.
. : .
: .

: .

/
" "
/

" ".

-
"

" .

"

" " "




.
.
:
" " " .
.
:
" "

)(1

" : " "

" . "" " "

)(2

" " . " " .






.
. .

)(1

)(2

:

: .

: .


" " .

. :

.


"" " " ""

" " .


.
.


.

.



:

:


) .(1
)(1

: .

"
" ).(1


.




.




"








" ).(2
:

. " :

)(1
)(2

: .
.

...
: .(1) "..
: : :

: : : :
: : :
: : :
: : " ).(2


" ".




.


.

.
:

.
:
:
)(1
)(2

. : "

"

".



.

.
"" ""




: : : " : " ...




. "" "" ....







.





.



.




" ".


: :

"" "" ""


) (1
.
"" " "

:
" : "

)(2

" "

)(3

" " ) .(4


.


.
" :

)(1
)(2

)(3
)(4

: .

" " ""


.
.
.

"

)(1

" :

" ).(2
" :

" ) .(3 .

""" : :

" ) .(4 " "
""" . " ).(5




.

.



..
.

) (6

.




)(1

)(2

)(4

)(3

)(5
)(6

.
.


.
.
" "


...


.

.

(
)
.

" :






" ) .(1
" "


""



.



)(1



" " ...

" : "




.







...


" ." :



" ).(1

" "

"
" " ) (2 "

"
"" "
.







)(1
)(2

: . /

"

:


" ).(1


.




" " " "


"

)(2

" " " "


" "" " " "
"
".
: " "
" " " " " " ""




.
:





)(1
)(2

/ .


.

: : " "

" " " " "" "" " "





.

: :
:
. :
.

" " " " ""
" " "

:
" . " :




" ).(1

" :
. :

" " ).(2



" :
)(1
)(2

. /



: "
" : ".


..
.. .

. .
.
:


"

)(1

" :

...

" ).(2

"
""

.
" :


".




..
)(1
)(2

.
.

.


.
" "
" :




".

" " " "
" " "" ""

).(1




.

""

)(2

" " ) (


" "
"

)(1
)(2

)(3

)(3

. :

.
: :




)(
.
)( )(


.


" "

)(1


.

).(2


" :


" ) .(3

.
..
"

" ) .(4


)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4

: .
.
.

" ."

.
.

" "

" " ""
" " " " ) .(1

" ) (
"" ) ( " " "
" ).(2



"" " "

.



.

)(1
)(2

"
" .

" "

)(1




" ).(2




.

" " "
"

.

.
.

)(1
)(2

: .
.




.

" "




"" "" "" ""

) (


.


"


... ..
" ).(1



: " "
" "


.

.


"
"

)(2

" "

" :


...

... " ).(3





)(1
)(2
)(3

.
.

" "

" "


.
" "


.

" " " "






.





"

"
.




" "

.
" "

.

" " " "


.


.



.
" "




.

:



.
" "

""
""

.
.













.
.

: :



. :

.

.


. .


.

.



..
.

" "





" : " " " " " "

" "" .

" " " "




.

:
.


"
" "

" "

.
" "

.

" "

.


.
.


. : .
.
. :
.
. : : .
.
. : .
.

. : .
.
. :
. /
. :
.
. : .
. : .
. :
.

. . : .
. . : .
. : .
. : .
.

. . :
.

. :
.
. : .
. : .
. : .
. :
.
. : .
. : .
. : ) -(.
. : .
. : .
. :
.

. :
.
. : .
. : .
.

. : .
. : .
. . : :
.
. . : .
. : .
. . : " "
.

. : . .
. : .
. :
.

. : .



".
"
".


.
Coping Styles
.



.

"" " :
" " "

:




.








).(1




:






).(2

)(1

)(2

:
.
.


) .(1
)(2


) (3 :




:

)(4

) .(5 " : " ).(6












:
).(7

)(1

)(2

:
.

: .

)(3

)(5

)(4

)(6
)(7

) .(1


.









*

).(2

" " )(" .
" )(.

















).(3



"
" . "
:
" .














).(4

)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4

.
.
.

: :

)(1

"" ""

)(

)(2

)( .

)(3


: )(

.


: "

" ) .(4 " :


" : )(
".
" .
"


" " ) .(5
" : "

)(1

)(3

)(2

)(4
)(5

.
.

:
""
" ) .(1 " :
".

)(2

) (3

) (4

)(5

).(6
:

)(10

)(11

)(7

)(8

)(9

) (12

. " :


".
" :
" .
" :


" . " :
" . "

)(1

: .

)(2

/ . /

)(4

. /

)(6

. /

)(8

/ .

)(3

)(5

)(7

)(9

. /

/ . /
. /

. /

)(10
)(11
)(12

. /
. /

. /


".
" :


".

:

:
).(1


: ) .(2


.



:


.
:

"

"


.

)(1
)(2

: / .
: / : / .

: : .

: ) (1

).(3



) (2

:

..-

" ) (4

:
" ).(5

" ").(6

:

: ").(7


:
"
" ) .(8





).(9


)(1

.
.

)(3

)(5

. .

)(7

. .

)(2

)(4

)(6

)(8
)(9

. /

. /

. : .


" :
".

:

..



..

.

.





" :

" ).(1




" .. ".
Humour/ Humor : " : :
. : .. :
.

)(1

: .

. : .
: : . : " ).(1


. : :

... :

".
:



).(2


) (

) .(3


( .
)

)(4



" :

)(1
)(2
)(3

)(4

: .
Rocekelein, Jone (2002) The psychology of Humor, a reference guide and
annotated bibliography. LONDON: Greenwood press p. 10 (1993).
. : .

"
" ).(1


:

.
"" ""
"" "

" ""


"" :
""
"" :
).(2

:


" " : !
" "



..
:
:

.
)(1
)(2

Mc Neill, D (1998) The face, N. Y: Lille, Brown and company p. 212.


.

.
. " " " :
" ) .(1
" ."

:

.

: " . ." " "


:
.
""


)(1

: .





. " :
" . " :
"
" ."
" :

".
"


"
" " . : " :

" .

.
" :
").(1
) ( ) (

" :


" . " :

" ).(2

:
" " "


) (1 : .
)(2

: .


..

..
..



""

" ).(1

:
)(2
""

"

" ).(3


" :

"
" ""
).(4

)(1
)(2

: .

""

" " " " ""

)(3
)(4

.
: .



..


....




).(1
"" " "





.

" "



"
"


""
""
"" ""
"
"
"" ""
)(1

: .




" :

" ).(1





).(2



""
" :

:


*





" ).(3

)(1
)(2
)(3

: .
: .



:

.

.

.



.
. "
"
.

. "
"
.
.

"
"


:

" ).(1

)(1

: .





).(1


" ).(2


.


.


.
.

.


"

)(1
)(2

. : .
: .


" ).(1

)(2

:



"

) (3
" :

" ) .(4

)(5


)(1

: .

)(3

: .

)(2

)(4
)(5

. : .
: .




"



" ).(1
:

)(2

) (
)(3

...

)(4

...

)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4

. : .
.
.

: .

"



).(1



"





).(2

" " " "


- -

)(1
)(2

: .

. : .



: :

: : :
.


:



" : ...

..




!!

: ).(1


:



:
: :

)(1

. : .

:
: :
:
.



.
:


" "
).(1

)(1

. : .



).(1


""
" " " " " " .
""

" :
:
.

.

").(2
) (3

)(1
)(2
)(3

. : .
: .



" " .

. : .


""

) ( .
)(
) ( ..




.


.

(
)
)(

.




.

(



.

)(1

" "

)(2





" : " .

" :




" ).(3

)(1

. : .

)(3

)(2

: .
.

)(1

" :

...

"

" " " :






" ).(2


"
) (
" " ".

)(1
)(2

. : .

: .

" "" :
:


" ) .(1






).(2
" :

:

""
" ).(3

" .

).(4
" "

" :

)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4

.
. : .
.


" ).(1






".
.." :



" ).(2

" "
.
" " " "

" :
.




.

)(1
)(2

: .
: .

.
" " " " ).(1
" "

:
: ...




).(2

""

)(3

"

" . ""
:


.



.




.
)(1

)(2

: .

)(3

""

" " " " ""
" " " " " "

" " "" " " " "

You might also like