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e-mail: arshanadam@gmail.com
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X
c-t\-m A-lo---Xm B Uw-o-t\ H-ko-en-n fp-do-%- a-\-n-dn-Wm. X-t [-\w
F-o-w I-ko-=--Xn-Wm F-m No-o-%--e-\n-Wm a--gy. A-H-tIn-m X-t-bn-Wm
B [-\w H-o-w ]-cyn--an-!-o- F- Xo-co--lo-=w a--gy-m d-o-%--Xm. [-u-b-anWm No-. [-\w d-o-n-tX-bo--n a--gy-t No- [-\n-P-\-o-t ]n-X-bodn-!w. d-o--Xo h--w-an-In-tX e-t-o-ud A-Xo-t\ ]-co-Xy-Po-%-I-->. A-Xn-Wm
a-\-m. d-o-%-en-\n-r-iw d-o--Xo \o-cn-I-c-Ww. [-\-en [-\-o-\n-bo B-r-io-%o-, a-lo-m u]-w 5-f-o-w A-[o-In-c-=w B-r-io-%-. Z-co--\n-I-t [-\-o-\n-bo
B-r-io-%-. C----w H- u]n-td x-Jo-X-cn-Wm. In-c-Ww H-n-Wm. -f|-c-\n-Wm
b-Yn-Y [-\w F- b-Yn-Y- n-\-o-t B-n-ew. A-e-t -o \n-ta-nw a-inZ-co--cn-m. F-^ h---cn-bn-w F-^ Z-co--\n-bn-w -K-en-t -o \n-an-m? I-S-dou\n-tSn-%-uan a-k-K-o?
+xn 491 7
ueZot aiX|w (HS)
I-a-dn\ucg
n\uc
g
ueZjotd A-u\-In-Y-Ittf-do
sshZnI ssieohnNmcwssieohnNmcw
\n- tIn-w - In---j-j e-s-g-w.
N-X|n-co Kw-w-Kn^n -ubn A-hy ]n-Zn

uZ| fp-cmg h- -i-n uhn A-hy.
Jo-o-[n _-unn ?--g-un ucn-c-ep-Xo
a-uin uZ-uen a-cmXyn-Mm B-eo-ue-f.-.
(EuK|Zw-4.58.3, b--cmue-Zw-17.19)
-n-en-cmYw-:-- -\n--tIn-w, ---In-w,
c-1- X-d-w,- G-?-ttI-I-;--j-j H- ?-g-w.
---d--jo A-Xo-t\ _-o-o-co%-. A-H-e-j-tc A-[o-Iw hw-hn-co-%--m. a-in-\n-b B uZ-e a--gy-co
5-eo-w-an-Wm. ]-ui-do e-j-tc-ub-tl
eyn-Jyn-\o--t-o-co-%-
\o--2-n-gyw:-- -\o--2-a--h-co-m B
?-g-w b--an-Wm. \n--ue-Z--jn-Wm
\n--tIn--I. 5n-Xx, a-[yn-,-hn-bw
h-e-\- -- ]n-Z-. i-eo-c-w,
5n-e-cmKyw A-Y-en 5n-b-Wp-bw, D-Z-b-\pbw F-o-e c-1 fo-c--I. Kn-b-^yn-Zo
O---I G-?-ttI-I. B b---]obn-b ?-g-w, a-w, ~n-1-Ww, I-+w,
F-oe-bn _-o-X-\n-m. b--o
tNn-;- a--an-W-Xo-t f-pw. (\o-2w 13.7.).
-]n-X--d n-gyw:-- -]n-X--d a-inn-gya--h-co-m ?-g-w f-p-an-m.-f-p-ot \n--u-Z--jn-m \n-aw, B-Jyn-Xw,
D-]-h-\w, \o-]n-Xw,-C-e-bn-m \n--tIn-I. -Xw,-e--an-\w, -eo-gyw F-p
--In-d- --]n-Z--;w, -]m, Xo-Mm
F-o-e c-1-fo-c--I-;-an-Wm. G-?-eo--2o
-I G-?-ttI-I-jn-!-. D-c-m, I-6w,-
491 8 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
fo-c-m - --n-\--jo C-e-_-o-t-o-co-%-.

-hn-b-W-n-gyw:-- -hn-b-W-n-gy-a--h-co-m
-2w A-lo,-cy,B-],Kv,z-Xw
F-p A- uZ-e-Xn-en-No-I-jn-I-bn
A-- 5-In-c-o eyn-Jyn-\o-n-ta-m
]-l-o-co-%-. b-n-Z-I-an-b A-lobn-w, -cy-]--an-w eyn-Jyn-\o-o-co%-. \n--Zo-%-I \n--tIn--I-;w,
-- ue-Z- -- ]n-Z--;w, A-uin-cn^- c-1m fo-c-n-w, h- c-Wo-I
A-Y-en B-cm eo-fo-w d--W--2-an-b
E-H--;w H- hn-[n-c-W E-H-=w uN-m
G-?m ttI-I-jn-w ]-l-o-co-%-. rp-w,
e-gw, ui-a-w F-o-e -m _--\-jn-w e-Wo-o-co-%-. -e-g-o-m
In-c-W-an-I-bn ?-g--ta-w, ?-wyn-Zo-fpw tIn-m F-n-a--gy-uc-w 5n-]o-
-\o-b-o-%-I-w tN-- F-n-m hn-bWn-gyw. b--]-c-an-b eyn-Jyn-\w \o-
-2w A--h-co-n-tW-o-w bn-ngyw
tN-o-co-%- 5n-b-Wp-b, D-Z-b-\p-b
n-\--jo ~-1v-Z-\, 5-e-Ky-ta-
ey-Xyn-hw an-^-ua e--obo-->.
--u_n-[ n-gyw:-- E-uK|-Zw -u_n-[-n-gyo b--]--n-gyw, hn-b-W-n-gyw
u]n-td-bn-tW-o-w -cy-]--n-gyw eyXy--an-m. \n--Zo-%-I ?-g--ot \n--tIn--I-;w, 5-n-Xw, a-[yn-w,
hn-bn-w C-e -m ]n-Z--;w, ]-I-w
cn-ô-w A-Y-en Z-o-Wn-b-\ D--cnb-W- c-mfo-c--I-;w, h--c-Wo-I
G-?-ttI-I-;w, -ao A--co-w Zyv

-o-S--jo-w _--t\-o-w h-Zn-K-ao-%I-w f-po-%-I-w tN-- a-in-uZ-e-\nWp ?-g-w. -A-Hm a--gy-co-w 5-eo-w-\nm. E-Km b- hn-a--jo-td f--un-^nZo-I-jn b--uin-Xn--;-tS uLn-g-jo--tS f-po-%- B uZ-e-uZ-e-\n-m
b-n-Y-an-w, ]n-N-\n-Y-an-w, Zp-]-\n
-Y-an-w a--gy-co u5-c-I--]-\n-bo
5-ue-fo-m o-Xo tN---Hm.
-b--ue-Z- n-gy-o D-F-S b-]-c-an-w f-p- -rn-a-]-c-an-w ]-ui-dotb eyn-Jyn-\o-o--1m. b--]-c-an-beyn-Jyn-\w- \o--2-a--h-co-m X-t-bnWm. F-n f-p-]-c-an-b eyn-Jyn-\w
]-X--dp-n-gyn--hn-c-an-tW-o-w,
-~-1n-em, D-ZmKn-Xn-em, uin-Xn-em, A-[|-c{,
F-o -\n-m E-X|o-%-I-jn--\n-- tIn-I. E-Im b--hm hn-aw C-e --]n-Z-
. i-eo-[n-\-=w, 5-e-Ky-=w c-1-fo-c-I. h--uin-Xn- A-Y-en h--O--I G-?-ttI-I. 5n-Xx, an-[y-o-\,
hn-b h-e-\--jn _---an-m. C-eo-tS
]-X--do --In-d--tj --]n-Z--jnbo ]-l-o-S-Km --In-d--% ]-I-cw
eo-I-+--]-o, 5-Y-a, a-y-a, D--a!--g-\n-bo an-o-bo-co-%-. D-F-S \n-a=w B-Jyn-X-=-an-bo c-1-fo-c-I-tj
eyn-Jyn-\o--un a-ip-[-c In-cy-X,
eyw-Ky-X F-w, ]-X--do -]m,- Xo-Mm
F-w n-gyw tN-o-co-%-. f-p-]-?-g-w D-c-m, I-6w, foc-m F-p -oS--jo _--\n-tW- ]-X--dp-n-gyo-m D-F-S-w a-ip-[-c-w G-I-e-N-\w,
Z|o-e-N-\w, _-*-e-N-\w F-n-m eyn-Jyn\w tN-o-co-%--Hm. eyn-Jyn-\--tjnw -Sn-tX f-cp-c-o-td 5n-W-\n-w ngy--1m. -AA-\-U|n 5n-n-W D-Ny-uX F-m
A-Y-ew -(11.4.13) -A---c-W-N-H-w-bw
\n--tIn-m, eyn-\ D-Zn-\ h-an-\
- ]n-Z-, 5n-W-w A-]n-\-w c-1m
fo-c--I, ]- n-u\-o-b- a-\m e-o C-e G-?m ttI-I, D--anw-Kw
a-ynw-Kw \o-nw-Kw F-p -o-S--jo

_--\w D-n-bo-w f|n-uhn-|n-hw
A-Y-en en-Wo-bo--tS h-Zn hw-hn-co-
-tIn-u-bo-co-%-. - ]-ui-do ~-1
-]-c-an-w eyn-Jyn-\o-m In---1m.
-BB-In-f-ep-Yo-bo--tS ]-l-%- ?--g-w.
-D-n h--unn A--gx --]-cmWx
cm
cm-e-hy ubn-\ow ]o-H-cn- eo-ue-f.
-a-u[y Zo-uen \o-io-Xx #-To-c-Wn
eo- N-?-ua c-P-h-n-Xy-v..
-n-en-Yw:-- H- In-j (D-),) A-Xo-t\ h--ta-w ]-l-w. -e--\o-lw, --c-an-b
No-l-!-I, -e-Zo-f-bo ]o-J-[-i-o
o-Xo tN--. No-d-h-a-b-Km ]-l-
]-l-m B-In-f-a-[y-o 5-Xy--t-w.
In-G-bo ,-Z-b-in-co-w D-r--]o--anbo uXn-w.- C-Xot\- A-Wn (I-;m) F-w
]-l-bn-c-1m. eo-fn-d-=w eo--X-=-an-b
]n-Z-N-d-\- tIn-1m 5-]--otd Io-k-%w ]-So-n-c-- Zo-%-I-;-tS
In-e-n-c-\n-bo \o-d-tIn-=-.
- D- -e-Zo-f-bo D-Zo-%- -cy\n-m .-f-2o-un-X-hn-b D-
D-Z-b--cy-t hv-ay-an-b 5-In-f [n-cbn h-a- P-U uN-X-\ e---uj-w
D-W-o I-uan--J-cn-%-. (5n-Wnx
5-Pn-\n--Z-b-uXy-g -cyx F-m 5-uTn]-\o-g-Km 1.8.) (D- uh-N-u\). D-
In-a-e-go-Xn-=w P-dw [n-c-bn-bo uh-N\w tN---e--an-m.--cy-Io-c-W--;-tS
hn-K-c-an-b-Xo-\n h---ta-w ]-l--.
n-h-an-\-\n-b -cy a-[yn--o-td-Kun-uk-%w G-?-\o-l--;w uN- #-To-eW--\n-bo-o--.-Io-k-%-Zo-o \o-m
]-o-h-an-\-\n-bo c-Wo-I-jn-!- -]W-n H-?-Io \-S-%--Xo-\n -]W-t\-w eo-jo-%-.-5-]-w -?-e
5-In-fw tNn-co-m eo-cn-Po-%--Xo-\n
(eyn-]o-o-co-%--Xo-\n) A-Wn-tb-w
]-l--. (A-I-Mm eyn-v) .-cn-ô P-w
\-o-b en-a-\-\n-b D-Z-b--cy eo--en-bo
+xn 491 9
5-n-Xw, a-[yn-w, hn-bn-w F-p

--So-I-jn-bo h-a- P-K-o-u\-w In-pko-dn-o A--[n-\w tN--. fn-I-Wo--tS n-gyw: #-Yo-eo, A--co-w,
Zyv-udn-Iw F- ô-udn-I--;-uS-w
c--I-\n-Wp D- F-w, -W-en-t A-o-5n-bw D-Z-bn-In-fw, a-[yn-In-fw,
]-Lo-an-In-fw F-o-eo-S--jo-td In-en-c-\n-bo 5-n-Xw -X 5-uZn-gw-e-tc
h-Zn-h--co-m (5-n-X-o -e-Zo-ow,-hn-bw-h-y-bo ]-Lo-a-Zo-o-w)o-Xo tN--- -F--an-m.1
-an-Xn-]o-Xn--% ue-o
--K--tj ]n-I-t--K- --en-em.
A-cm-uIn \ !--an-c-uIn[o Xo-w--ew

c-Yw. -h ]--\m a-io-gw --Kw
]o-u^ an-u^ eo--?-H-am..
(E-uK|-Zw 8.39.15., A-Y. 20.92.12)
-H- 5n-Wo.-A-+-f-cp-co-bn-b H- !-an-c-u\un-td \-ep-\-an-b H- c-Y-o I-b-lobo-co-%-. A-e an-Xn-]o-Xn--%m ueo eyn-]-I I-a-In-co-I-jn-b a-io-g-ou\-w -K-u-w ]n-I-t--K-.- (eo-
-?-Hw a-io-gw --Kw ]--Xm) -a-in ]-cn-?ao-I-jn-b -Kn--c-n-tc e-[o-%-.- E-Im
C--uZ-e-X--uS-Xn-I-bn B 5n-Wo-bn-b
!-an-c C--\n-m.
-B-[ottZ-eo-I-wo-bo uX-P-h|o-bn
-b !-an-c B-Zo-Xy-\n-m. A-e
uPyn-Xo-a-b-an-b B \-ey-c-Y-o-ud-lo
B-In-f-o A-e-Xp-B-\n-!-. an-Xn
-]o-Xn- C-eo-tS Zyv-udn-I-=w #-Yo-eo-an-m. v-Xo-I-udn-I-o-td p !--g-n-an-Inw. F--a-tb-un-td I-c-o--o-co%--Xo-\n In-ua-Lw a-io-g-an-bo.
an-\o-t\-un-td A-Xo-fp-~w -So-a-l--Xm In-ua-L-o-t h|-n-e-an-m.
A--t\ A--co--o ]-l--a-l--
1 C-Zw eo--cm eo-N-?-ua u^-[n-\o-Z-u[ ]-Zw.(E-I-m - 1.22.17), ô-[n \o-Z-u ]-Zw #-Yo-eyn-a--cou Zo-ep-Xo.-(fn-I--Wox).,-h-an-ucn-i-uW eo-]-uZ K-b-fo-c-ho-Xyv-cmW-en-.- (\o--2w 12.19)
10
491 10 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
ua-Lw -K-an-bo. - a-io-gw (eo--?-H)a-in-]-cn-?-a-fn-do-bn-m.2 -g-[o-I-;w e-\--Xo-I-;w D-Xm]n-Zo

-o-%-I-w- 5n-Wn-]n-\--tj 5-Zn-\w
tN-m Pp-e-t\ \o-d-\o-K-I-w tN--
-!-an-c h-s-wo-bo eyn-]-I-an-bo
eo-eo-[ I-a--jo -?-!- C--\n-m.
In-ua-L--tj X-S--\o-o a-k-bn-bo
t]-o-m -g-c--ao-tb D-e-c-bn-%--Hw
!-an-c X-t-bn-m. an-Xn-]o-Xn-jn-b Zyn-en-#-Yo-eo-I-;-tS hw-c--W-o
-\n-bo e-g-ua-L--jn-b -K--tj ]n-It--K- F-n-Wo-eo-tS eo-e-.
E-uK|-Zw 6.17.11 ]-ui-do-tb-%lo-m ]-l---Hm C-5-In-c-an-m.
-e-cm[n\m bw eo-uf| a--Xx h-uPn-gnx
]-N--Xw a-io-gnw-Mm C- H--y-am. --gn eo- p-p-Wo h-cnw-ho [n-e-\m
?-^-i-Ww a-Zo-caw-I-a-tt.t .-A-Yw:
w:- -h-uPn-gn eo-uf| a--Xw = H-
a-\-un-tS Pp-eo-%- ep-c-J-c-]-cn-?-ao-I
, bw = C-Xm \o-\-n-bo, ecm-[n\mb =
e-cm[o-o-%-. \o-t b-ufn-Kp-Xw ]n-So-I-N-, -ui C-n, --gn H--yw = uZ-e-\n-b
f-Xw a-io-gnnmm
\o-\-% ue-o -gn-em, -f]-N-Hm = \-r-c-5-In-c-o-- !-wo-e-cm[eo- =
I--jn-b A-w ]n-Iw tN--,-eoeo- uZ-e, ^p-p-Wo h-cnw-hoo= - ]nt= C---ue-o,
^--jo, A-tt
e-s-^ i-Ww a-Zo-cw Aw-I=?-^-i-\-\-o f-2o-e-o-o-m D-en-i-=w D-u-P\-=w Io---Xo--ue-o uhn-a-c-hw X-nln-o \o-l--e-o-co-%-. -I-a-Xy-untS Pp-eo-%-, uXn-n-w a-co-%--H-e-tc
-w-tN-o-- ep-c-n-tc ]n-So--I-Mo
C--t\ eo-w-o-X-\n-%-. C--t u]n
-g-W-o-\n-bo ^-d--dn-Zo-I-;w !-So-%2 h C-x a-io-gw a-in-w -Kw -Kn-eZo-X--uXn [n-e-w h-cmtte--Kyw en eo--?-Hw
_-*-I-cman-Ww ua-Lw ]--Xm ]-N-Xo, -?-wy-o-Jw I-ucn-Xp-Xy-cmYx. (hn-b-W) -hn-b-W
tt\--2o-I-an-bn-m a-io-g-t eyn-Jyn-\o-oco-%--Hm. a-io-gw = ain (\o--2w.3.3.) F-
A-Y-ta--n-m a-io-g-t -K-eo-uf-g-W-an-bo
eyn-Jyn-\o-o-co-%--Hm.
en uhn-a-c-hw \o-l- N-a--I-;w H--obo-co-%-. ]-ui-do-tb No-d-n-gy-Inc-n C---ue-o -c- a-io-g--tj

]n-Iw tN-, a--c- a-io-g--tj C
Xo-- te-w a-ew eo-#-X-an-bo n-gyw
tN-o--m.3
-A-yn-Z--wo-bo C- B-Znen-Wm. A-e f-cp-c--]o-bn-b \-ep-\-cY-o 5-eo-w-\n-bo-co-%-. a-io-gw
X-uan-Y-W-o--w -Kw c-uPn-Y-W-ot-w 5-Xp-I--jn-m. X-uan-Y-W-=w
c-uPn-Y-W-=w a-\-o-t c--e--I-;-anWm.4 B-Zn-em 5-]--en-ho-I-jn-b
an-Xn-]o-Xn--;-tS \--n-bo A-e--tSX-uan-a-b c-uPn-a-b a-\--I-tj ]-co-]-I|-ano h-X|-Y-W--2-an-%-. eo-eo-[ I-a
--jn-w h--+--jn-w h-Zn-A-Xo-ue-K
h-n-c-fp-d-\n-I-bn B-%w ]o-So3]-I-]-o-I-;-tS \n-a--;-]-ubn-Ko-m No-d5-?-o-I-tj -No-o-%- ttf-do ue-Z-o Ay-^-w d-y-an-m. D-Zn: D--I-bn-Hw I-I--I-bnHw P-io f|-bn-H--X-uIn-I-bn-H-am. (E-I-m -7.104.22.)
4 h-ao- K-cmZ-w -W -e-w ]n-]-bn--bn.(E-I-m - 1.29.5.)
tIn--n- a-\-o-t\ eo--?-H-te-

]-l--. -]n-uI-\, ]-uI|-\, I-u-\ a-\n (hn-b-W-n-gyw).
ue-Z-o ]-co-]-I|-an-b an-\-o-In-e-m e-j-tc-ub-tl 5n-[n-\yw \-o-n--1m. ]-eo-^-a-\--I-jn-dn-N-c-Ww \-S-K-e-cn-Wm h--\-. A-h-Xy-en-Zo-Itj h--i-o-\o-m -x-I-+o--I-o
\o--W-ta-n-- ue-Z-eo-[o.-A-H
u]n-td ]n-I-n-a, ]n-I-fw-h -X-dn-b\n-a- ]n-I-X-bn-Po--e-tc--Yo [n-cn-j-an-bo 5-ubn-Ko-m In--.
A-]n-Iw = ]n-I-X-bn-Po-o-o-n-
B-;-I f---jn-m. A-e-co \o-m
c--X-c-uW-tb- 5n-Y-\-w In-Wnw.
(E-Km.8.2.35.) uZ-e-n ]-co-]-I|-an-b h-\--;-tS ]--]n-Xo-w ,-h|-bw ]-co-]-I|ta--]-l--I-w tN--.-5
(H-S-w)
5 ubn an ]n-uI-\ a-\-hn N-c--am (E.7.104.8.).
]n-I-^n -\ uZ-en-x (E.8.1b8.15.)-bm-bw ]n-I^n ]n-uI-i eo-]-I| 5-u-i un-J-i -\
a-e-Y. b-Z|n 5-Y-an-cmuY ^n 5-Xy-bx. ]n-I-^n
]n-Ix ]-co-]-I|-n-\n -e-Y.-(hn-b-W n-gyw)
F- tN--W-ta- No-o-%--Xm H-co--w A-\-e-h-c-o-dn-=-I-bo-.-..

hn--iy-ey-e--w Pp-eo-X-?-a-=w an-lo-b-un u-^--m P-\--;-tS ua--n-bo- h|n-[p-\w A-u udn-]o--u]n-bo. ]-k-b No--I-;w B-Nn-c--;w In-d-i-c-W-t-.
en-=-Zo-e-h--jo-td A-e-[o Rn-b-ln-G-I-jo-ud-% an-lo. u-^-]v-ucn-io-Xyw A--w
B-Zn-b-=w !-l--Xn-bo-p-. ttI-e-f-n-c D-S-a--\n-bo-an-lo-b-un \n--5--;-tS ua-eo-dn-h-=w an-lo. u-^-h|-K- \o-b-a-]-c-an-b tIn--b-So-%w I-u--ow eo-u[-b-an-bo. A--ew No-d u-^- an-^w a-i-X|-o-t u]-co B-cn-[-I-tc
B-I-go-%-un a-e--e B--tS-w [--bo-t]-Sn-tX Io-S-%-. --!-w-_ ey-e-w C-S-5---n--tS -c-W-=w X-I--Xo-u\n-tSn-w B--\o-I-eo-Zyn-yn-h-=w A--uln-]y hw-n-c-=w 5-N-co--un u-^n-cn-[-I-cn-b tti--e-m u-^-
B-e-fy n-]-\--j-n-Xn-bo. Cv \o-d-m C-w ]-l-b-- an--tan-w D-n-bo-o-.
A-Xn-H -d-t u-^--jo B-cn-[-\ \-S-K--Xo-u\-n B-;-I-% I-w -c-d--jo u]n-bo 5-f--u-^--jo B-cn-[o-%--Xo-dn-bo. Pp-Wo- u-^-;-tS D-n-c-W-5-e--\- A-o-m \-S-%--t-o-w A-Xm tI-o-S- !-H-%-Xo an-^-an-bo H-H-o-un-bo-co-%-. C--t\ In-d-5-en-i-o-t A-5-Xo-ucn-[y-an-b
H-?-o-t]-m -]-n-e--% an-w e--tIn-o-co-%--e-w B-g-hw-n-c-o-t
A-\--cn-e-In-fo-I-;-an-b B--\o-I tti--e F- tN--W-ta- No-o-%--Xm
H-co--w A-\-e-h-c-o-dn-=-I-bo-.- ... \ucg ...
+xn 491 11
11
BNncyenWo (HS)
ueZ_
ueZ_
thZ_p kmlnXykhkzw
\uc
\ucg
g ncI
ncI 5Xo
Xo~n]\o
n]\o Ipko 5eo
eo%
ueZ_ ngn]T\ KuegW uIw

ueZ_
uI w 5ho
hopIco
pIco%
ueZ_ hnioXy h
ueZ_
hFh|w
h|w F ro
o \ow.
\o w.
1919 dnuinlotd Zbn\ ~n1aineoZyndbo X\o% do
D]\ogXm ]T\BnIjo em Xnlnob !cItj
ASon\to 1936 ueZ_fa F?Xo Xnlnob rw.
D]\ogXm eoNncheh|w
]canZneot
]can
neot h|]eW\
h| ]eW\
ha o ]o
hawo
]o f_j ~1eW\
eW\
he\obnenb ~1ot ?e
aioaw haeof|nh ow Hom,
ASo, Zfo%I AXot hawo Zf
\=w, At\ eWo%un AXot
eW\ hawou]W ~1 eW\
an!.
hawo]o
ha
]o h|
h|]w
]w
dwo, Kwo, CH c1w dw
anbtb BZom hawo]o
~1o ]1m: eocnSm, ~1n,
f|c.
eocnUm eW\
dPKot\ ?e ASo,
Hom, ~1t eWo%I eocnSm
h|] eW\bn!. ]o
~1t !gt\ eWooco%.
Alocm
ocm cm
cm[nNEho
nN ho N
N tcyv
tcyv
Zofxu[nu
Zofxu
nu^ enKm eo#Xn
eo XnL ueZx
enxx 5nuWn
en
nuWn ,Zbw
Zbw eof|ahy ]Zmynw
#Yoepuiyg
Yoepuiyg hcmeXn
Xncn
cnZnn
(7uIn]\ogXm 2. 1. 4)
Alo (tZyvudnIw) Cet [n
(fochm) B!. cyw Nw Cet
u\^jnm; Zo%I u[n^;w, Hl
ueZw Cet en%w, en 5nWw,
12
491 12 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
eof|w ,Zb=w, #Yoep ]nZ;an!.

FtIntn Ce Fn X
;tSw AcnZnentW
Xpbnm.
uZian PpenZnuZio\I
otIn1m [n, u\^w Xdnb
Fn Aebe tIn1w Incyw HS
H u]ntd, cy, N Xdnb
AebetIn1 Incy tN
e\nb hencnZn Cebo \o
uetl B!. ]o ~1t
eocnSm, !g, eo F ]l.
]Indnco [pw (hw]Zm)
dKow (=thvcyw) Cet1 ]Uoan
BtW eWo%1m. !g2
o h|]anm eWo%Hm2
KeZmKpXbo Kent (=]canZneo
t) 3 eocnSm h|]w I1m \aco%
A\ B h|]w eWo%H
InI1
2
3
[pL uX dKpL ]tUyv (b.31-32)

EuK|Zw 10.90 bueZw 31
hcmuen]\oguZn Knuen uZnKm[n
uKn]nd\\x ]ncmuYn eex [pcm
un2n Km[w KpXnXw aiXm
F KpXnaninZyw 5hoanWun KpX D]\ogXm hncantWnWoXot
AQw. [p#t\ ~1anobnm
eynh No^pIco%Hm. ~1ot
eocnUm ]anm DX u^nIw
en cmbuanflocm
encm
uan ocm eWx
e Wx ffnx
5Pn]Xo
Pn]Xo|w
|w 5]oXn
]oXn aiL
aiL \uan
\auf hi
\au
hi#X|x
X|x !\L
ubn
ubnf]o
]o \uan \au
\au \ax
!cnZY
nZY #~Xu
Xu \uan
\uanfuX
uX
hcmeX Ge hcme A\
epcynaoXeo
epcynaoXeo?a|am
|am hcmew
hanu+n]oXuXn
hanu
n]oXuXnfhohcm
hohcmex4
EuK|Zotd (10.90) !g2w ?
e eocnSm !geW\bn!.
~1neot
neot eW\
5#Xobo PKXm cN\nbounw
Dn!un, t]n\ue d
PKXm DXm]an!o. BZyw HK
wo Dn! AXnm dPKo
t IncWw AYen _pPw. K
wom ueZnZobnb rjo Pdw
(=B]hm) AYen hw Fn
hw. EuK|Zotd ALagW
2o AdbSo% htaw B
oXotb eWo%. 5jbw(cnô)
Ikom Dn! Kwo CXnm.
#Yoep Xdnbe Dn!wm #Yoeo
botd hw DnIboun.5 AXo\n
BZoanebotd hw \nalo
ISd. 5XzX 5#XotS Kanb
]anm. hwu]ntd Et=w GI
]=antW InWon\nm h
ta ]lHm. Knebo
5#Xo ~1fcpcan!. fcpc2
anb ~1w Xtbnm ~1n. ~1n,
]cua~o, iocWyK, ttXPhm,
5nW, ^nZn Ftnw ~1neo
t\ eyeiconc1m.
Iuaobw, nu\obw, a\hm,
4
5
KpXn 11. 39-40

ALacmgW2w (EuK|Zw 10.190.1-3)
5nYaoI wo eoeco%. InI ueZ_, hyw Alouin^=w (1949)
ueZ_, EuK|Z 5uefoI (1988) u]Pm.
247... Sou\n%I. 5jbw Ikom
hKw HSunkt AebnIbn
eneo\n XnUoXanbm unooco%
Acpw AYen ueynata eynJynX
anm.
eo, 5nW Ce \tS dfcpc

o Iaw tNXow, Alo
Xow, Ppe\o f2oIjnm.
dfcpcw CebotS PpeoX=w
PnrX=anboco%. f2oItjnw
dPK o Ku]W eyn=
anm. At\ CXot\ PpeoX=w Pnr
X=anbo !dK. eof|ot Ppeo
Xw XtbnWoHm. Kf2oI;w
dPKotS 5Info% ]can
Zneot aioau]ntd, ]canZaioa
5Infoo%eXt. dPKo
u\ntSnKm nho% ]canZneot\
eocnSm F ]lHu]ntd, K
PKKtanKm nho% ]canZneot\
~1nte ]l. iocWyK,
]cua~o Xdnb u]I;w ~1neot
Xtbn!.6
f|ct eW\
Fn KPKKw H Incyan
tWun? CXot IncWw CXoalw,
CXot\n K=anb uetlnnm.
AXot\ anbn Ato 5#Xo F
]l. deyw CXnm. Fnw CXo
t Incyan!. deyo \ol
oco% dX|ot Acn
Zn, CXo\n cNot d=wK
=anb PKot AcnZn Xtbn
!. AXo\n d5#Xow X\o
%odotIn1m AXot aioa
5Infoo%. d5#XoubntSn
m B AcnZneot\ f|ct\
]l. anbtb 5#Xotbw anbotb
[anbnf_jt] auif|ct\w rio
tInWw.7
6
~1uZen\nw 5Yax ham_e eof|hy

IcmXn e\hy uKnn. -7Iw. 1-11
iocWyKcm 2w (EuK|Zw 10. 121)
iocWyKcmx haecmXXnur Xhy
PnXx ]coucIBhoXm F HSo
5Pn]uX \ X|uZXn\yu\yn
eof|nPnXn\o]coXn_e F
Aehn\o% 10 E%I ~1neot\
hw_oebnm. 5Pn]Xo = ~1n.
uf|Xnf|Xucn]\ogXm 4-10
+xn 491 13
13
f|c Co, Rn Au\Ianbo

pcntam. Aun Ae X]hm
HSo. X]hm A~oXo ]ot
Ae CtXnw wo. CHm wo
Xo ]ot Ae CXo 5uefo.
5uefoXo ]ot Ae hKw
[=ey2anbtXnw] XyKw [= ey2
anHw] \odb\ [=A\yn[nc]=w
A\odb [A\n[nc]=w eon\ [=uNX
\]=w Aeon\ [=AuNX\]=w hXy
=w AhXy=w [=\tS Cob%
hXytaw AhXy taw uXne]
CtXnw hXyw [=f|c] Bp.
DtXnw hXyta ]lbt.8
dwotS A[o~nXnenbo
tIn1m eocnSm F ]lbt
~1w Xtbn KwotS A[o
~nXnenbo tIn1m ~1nte
]lbtHm. AHu]ntd Kot
hP\o m 5#XotS A[o~n
XnenboHtIn1m B ~1w Xt
f|ct\ ]lbt.
f_j]tanw, eywobnbnw
hawobnbnw, Hu]ntd _niy
]tanw fcpc=w, ~1w fcpc
[ncobnb BZn=antW ttfdobo
eWo%t ocoWw. \nw
f|ct\ ]lun ~1t
5#XotS A[o~nXn te \odbo,
eWow 5#Xo ~1ot fcpc
antW AQo 5Zfooan
m tNHm. ]o, 5#Xo
]obnb fcpcunuNm Hnb
\odbo, f| ct\ eWobnm
tNHm, AXo\n uf|Xnf|c D]\o
go (4-10)
8
14
uhnfInabX. _* hynPnububXo
h Xu]nfX]yX h X]|n CZw hcme
aPX. bZoZwIo XXm-w|n XuZen
5neofXm XZ 5eofy h XyneXm
\o2w Nn\o2w N. \odb\w
Nn\odb\w N. eon\w Nneon\w
N hXyw NnXw N hXyaeXm bZoZw
Io. XXm hXyaoYyn NuX
-ttXcpubn]\ogXm eo 2. 60
491 14 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
anbnw H 5#Xow
Xow
eoZynnbo\w
eoZyn
nbo\w H auif|cam
Xhynebe ttX
ttX eyn
eynww
hcmeaoZw PKXm
anbn 5#XobntWlo. anbnf_j
\nb (anbnanbm Houoco%)
anbom ainf|c\ntWlo F
wanbo 5Jyn]o. anbo FXo\
Qw anbnfcpcobnb uZiotbnm.
AXnm f|ch|]w.
f_j]
f_j
];tS
tS ]ccuZw
]c cuZw
H f_j]o 5Info%^
aioa anûa B f_j]w eWo
%oSKm \oufo%>. cyanbm
_to eWo% f_j ]
o cyanbo uNoco% \od
bo nho% ~1aioabnm
eWo%Hm. AHu]ntd en=anbo
uNoco% Aebo 5Info%
aioabnm enf_joeWyw.
f_j]o _niyeyun uN
m eWo%Ibnm ]Xo=m. Ino]?
o CtIn1m ttI t]nobn
CtIn1 ttI t]no Fu ]lbn
c>. Xoj t\o eocdm t]nobn
t\tIn eocm te Fu ]lbn
c>; Im t]nobHm CtInun
t\tInun Aun. Co eyn]o
oco% Xpw, t\o 5uefooco
% Aloanm t]notX
XnWun enew. udnieofowanb
Alobnm bYnQo It]no
Hm. zXeofowanb Xpbn eoc
t]noHm. Fow _niy]ZnYanb
Cw t\anm Aloeofowanb
C ow t\w ]Icw Ae
Ijo eyeincyanbo eHm, - Alo
b. IuTn]\ogo (2.5.12)
GuInefphcm
GuInefphcmeXn
Xncn
cnZnn
GIw _
_*[nbx
[nbx IucnXo
IucnXo
[(GIw ]w) H ]o 5#Xo
tb ]d ]d ]o tejotK
hencynaobnb f|c (=efp)
GI\nm.] AXo\ndnm Alo, en

Xdnbu]co (f_j]o) f|
ct\ co%H.m 9AH tIn1m f_j
]w Au\Ianm. AYet !^
Af|oIujn ]l. C h|anbI
(5#XoI) tIn1m 5Xo]anb Au\
Iw ]jnboXp10 AtXo\nbn
m? \% Inen\nbntW Ego
]l1m. uetl uetl cN\IjntW
udnIw InWt F IXobnm ]d
];tS 5Xo ]jnbHm. 11
DcWo C eof|ncynaobn
m. GI\nb B eof|nZn=m Xt
fcpc (5#Xo]) tIn1m
AhwJyw 5Xo]jo \% 5Xy
t Fnm hncw. GI\nb
]canZn=m 5#XobotS Au\Iw ]
o (f_j]o = ]w, ]w
5Xo]anbo) InWt. 5Xo
] (f_jh|]) ]ccw
eoojnbo eWo InXo\
9
10
11
IuTn]\ogXm 2.5.9-10 InI.

EuK|Zw. 6. 47-18
ZynYcmeuWnff|oynenN. XuZ Xgox ]fyuenNXm. ]w
]w 5Xou]n _e - XZhy ]w
5Xo - N Wnb. Cunanbnox
!] buX. (anbno; F
_*eN\w [o%I. N Wnb =
Inenueo)-giZncWyIw 2.5.19.25
\o2w 7-10
Qw B GIt f|cynZo aioa eoo

jnbXo\n f_jeW\bow
]cc eouZnboco%tanm.
eouZo AuZw
CtXnw eW\tS 5Incw anân
m. BtcbnuWn eWo%Hm Ae
Fn AeIjow GI Xt
bn!. Ae ]c~1=w, ]canZn
=w, f|cw, ~1n=w eocnw,CnZo
ain nKynZm uZeXn
uZeXI;an!. ain
bn GI B
BZn_
n_*[n
[n buXGIhyn
buXGIhyn
Zu\n
u\nfu\y
u\y uZenx 5XyMm
XyMmKn\oeo
n\oe
= ]canZneot f|cyw eXnm.
AXo\n B GI\nb BZn eot\
AXot\ Xo%wu]ntd Xo%eWo%. ae uZeXItjnw Aet
AwKu]ntdbn!.
f_jeW\tS
f_jeW\
tS ai|w
eof|o\IKm ]com FnboS
Kw \om 5Info% B Zoeyf2o
h|w oXow 5?ow P|doo
%Xnbo \nw Aeo%. ucn
]ZnQow \oloco% Zoey
f2otb B ]ZnQjo \o
5Info% aioabnbo eWow
At\ eywobo \o hawobo
ud% B Zoey f2otb eyn]oo
(H-S-w)
Fto
Ft
ow 5--ubn-P-\w...
C--t an-lo-b ]-co-Xx-o-Xo-bo tti--e--tS B-tI t]n-H-h|-n-b u-^-tIn-m v-Xo-I-5-ubn-P-\- d-o-%-ta- \o-W-bo-n \o-?-o-bo-. B-[yn-Zo-I
D--Xo AeotS 5XpouHao. B-;-I-m I-b-lo B-cn-[o-n-ta--n-tX
u-^--tj a-X-]-c-an-b In-cy--% u]n-w D-]-ubn-Ko-%-en io--eo-\m A-[o-Inc-ao-. u-^ -c-Wn-[o-In-co-I-;-tS A--en-Zw -Sn-tX u-^-]-co-h-cw F-^-w u[-b-c-an-b In-cy--% -So D-]-ubn-Ko-%-en ]n-So-. h-n D-S-a-bo---Xn-I-t,
I-c-n \o-b-o-%--Xn-I-t, C-n-cy-o eo-Xy---j-. tte-b-2o-I-an-b 5-ubnP-\-a-n-tX H- h--i-ta- \o-d-bo u-^n-cn-[-I-m A-o-X|-ao-t--Xn-W-un
C-Xo--Yw. B-[yn-Zo-I D--Xo, uI-d-ew h-Y-uWn-]n-h-\-bo-w Ip--\n-dn-]-o-w
an-^w H-H-o-un-!-. ue-Z-uan D-]-\o-g-un H-w u-^-o-t ]-co-[o-bo t]-o-. Cv \o-d an-e-en I-ko-n an-^-ua u-^w-tIn-m C-\o-ua io--a-X-o-\m
Ftow 5-ubn-P-\w d-o-%-I--=.
... \ucg ...
+xn 491 15
15
AXngyw (HS)
I-a-dn\ucg
n\uc
g
a\pkvarXn
A[ynbw 1
woXm
w
Xm]ow
o w [uanXm]ow
o
ue-Zw h-e-n-\-a-bw
126. - bx I-Lo-Xm I-hy-No-Xm [-cmuan a--\n
]-co-Ip-cmo-Xx. h-cmueno-io-uXn
ue-uZ-h-cme n-n-\-a-ubn -io hx.. 2.7
-A-Yw:Yw: bx I-Lo-Xm I-hy-No-Xm [-cmax =
B--tS-tb-o-w G-tX-o-w [-cmaw, a-\n ]-co-Ip-cmo-Xx = a- ]-l-o--1m, h
h-cme = A-tX-nw, ue-Z A-o-io-Xw = ueZ-o ]-l-o---Xn-m, io hx =- B
ue-Z-n-\w, h-cme n-n-\-a-bx = h-a-
n-\-n-w -2-a-m.
-A--Xa-\-\w.
126-nw u^n-Iw Xn-tk--l-- In-c-W-jn
5-o--an-m.
1. ttf-dp-K-X B-[n-cw.
-a---Xo A-Xo-t -d h|--]-o
H- !--I-uan fn--uan A-. a---Xo-tS 5-e-N-\-ttf-do A-Xo-t av-do-I
-]-o 5-e-N-\-an-bo--t ho--anm. 5--X u^n-I--jo -X-In-d-?o-b
5-ubn-Ko-o-co-%--Hm X-t fn--an-ubn
r--an-ubn K-Wo-o-co-%- F--Xo-
tX-jo-en-m, av-do-I c-N-\-b- F--ww. 5-e-N-\ u?n-Up-I-c-W-o-m ufgw 5-fw-hn-Z-I u^n-Iw c-No-m
-o-u-n-m. A-H-tIn-1m 5--X u^nIw 5-o--an-m. C-Xo-t eo--X-]-T-\w.
1.58--59 u^n-I--;-tS ttf-dp-K-X-B-[n-cw
F- fo-g-I hw-Jy 1 tIn--o--1m.
2.126-nw u^n-I-o a--\n ]-co-Ip-oXw F- 5-ubn-Kw ey-2-an-%---Hm,
u^n-Iw a-n-ucn c-No--tX-n-m.
16
491 16 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
A--t\ u\n-%-un-?w -u^n-Iw

5-o-w X-t.
2. h---eo-ucn-[w.
1. u^n-Iw -cmen-]-c5-hw-K(h--)eo--an-m. [-a-t-%-lo-w, [-a-o-t
-d-un-X-o-t\-%-lo-w, d--W-t-%lo-w, ?-an--K-X-an-bo ]-l- e---Xo\o-S-bo u^n-I-o-m ?-a-w-Kw e--ob-Xo-\n h---eo-ucn-[w F- uZn-gn 5--X u^n-Iw 5-o--an-m.
(2) 126-nw u^n-I-o a- "Btcnw
F-tnw [-a-ta- ]-l--uen" F
5neo In. F-n A-H-e-tc
B-w [-a-t-%-lo-m H-w ]-l-o-.
F-n [-a--tj-w !-lo-m ]-l--Xo-
-uf-g-uan, A-t-o [-a-t-%-lom
]-l---Xo--un ue-W-an-bo-- 5-X 5-n-e-\. c-1m h----jo-w
]-cn-a-f-ubn-Kyw u]n--a-n- u^n-I-anWo-Hm. [-a-eo-No--\w 1.144-nw u^n-Io
ecm-W-[cm-an-o-u_n-[-X F- ]-l-Xo--uf-gw u^n-Iw 2.1 -X B-cw-o-%-I
-bn-Wm. A-Xo---n-Wp -X-In-d5-ubnKw. A-tXn-co--w h--n---X-a-n-bn hw-f-b-ud-f-ta-u\y u-^n-Iw
5-o--an-m.
-B-Zn---d [-a-r-i-Ww.
127. h-cmew H h-a-ue-uy-Zw \o-Jo-dw
n-n-\-N-E-gn. \--Xo-5n-an-Wy-uXn
eo-Z|n-\mh|-[-cmua \o-eo-uf-X tte..
2.8 (64)
-A-Yww::- -eo-Z|n =- eo-Z|n-\n-b a--gy,
C-Zw h-cmew H \o-Jo-dw h-a-ue-y-y =

h--W fn-w, ue-Zw, h-Zm!--gn-Nn-cw,
C-e X-t B-Zn-eo-m A-eo---ta-
eo-Nn-co-m 1.125 e-Bo-o-co-%- n-n-\
N-E-gn- = n-\w u\-^-an-o, \--Xo
5n-n-an-Wy-Xx = -\-Xo 5n-an-Wy-an-o, h|[-cmua tte \o-ue-uf-Xm = h|-w B-Zn--d [-aw tX-c-t--%-I. (h-Xyn-Y
5-In-fw).
5-Xo-]n-Zy eo-g-b- A-\n-e-fy X-o--ue-o J-7-\w tN---Hm. (eo-f-Zan-b ]-T-\w 130-nw u^n-I-o In-Wnw.)
io = F--tIn-t-n, Xn-yn-am = B
c-1 5-In-c-o-- fn---jo \o-m,
[cm-ax = [-aw, \o-cm_-v = D-+-an!-.
-A--X-a-\-\w.
-ue-Z-ta-w \--Xo-tb-w F-o-m?
- uNn-Zy-o-m a-i-go Z-bn-\-
D--cw tIn--o--1m.
-\-Xo --Xo u5nu n-2 [-an--~n-\^-dw.
-uNn-Zyw: ue-Zw, \-Xo F-o--t\ c-1128. -\-Xo--Xz-Zo-Xw [-cma-a--Xo-~-\mio
u]-cm E-uK|-Zn-Zohw-io-X-I-m F--t\
an-\-ex. C-i Ip-cmXo-a-en-u+n-n-Xo D-n-bo?
uu5--Xy Nn---aw --J-am.. 2.9 (65.)
-D--cw: A-Y-u-Zw tIn-m D-n-bo.
-A-Yw. io- = -F--tIn-t-n,
-F--t\-tb-n
an-\-ex- =
=- G-tXn- a--gy, \--Xo --Xo
1. eo-Zm [n-H n-n-\n-Y-I-an-Wm.
D-Zo-X-am = ue-uZn-2-[-a-=w, ue-Zn-
2. eo-Zm [n-H h-n-Y-I-(D-a)-an-Wm.
-d-an-bo -Xo-bo ]-l-o-co-%-,
3.- eo-Zm [n-H F-n dn-w F--Yw.
[-cma-am A--Xo-~-\m = -[-cman--~n-\w tNNo-) F--Yw.
4. eo-Zm F-n eo-Nn-cw (Nou -Xy A--- - \n-dm [n-H--jo \o-w I-c-Ww,
--e, C-i Ip-cmXow N u5aw --Jw = C-i-udn-I-o Ip-o-w,
A-[o-I-c-W-In-c-I-o [-Rm 5-Xy-bw
]-c-udn-I-o h-uen--a -J-=w,
i-d-L
e--un ue-Z-f-pw ho-o-%-.(iA-en-u+n-n-Xo = 5n-]o-%-. (h-Xyn-Y-5F- ]n-Wo-\p-b -^-n I-c-Wn-[oIn-fw)
I-c-W-eo--2o-I-jo [-Rm 5-Xy-bw uNn ue-Zw F- ]-Zw d-o-%w.)
-\-Xo --Xo ]-co-N-bw
-\ [n-H-eo-m [--e-Ww F--Yw. I-c
129. - \--Xo- ue-uZn eo-u--ubn
o 5-Xy-bw uN-n
-W In-c-I-o 2o
[-cma-fn-w H--tte --Xo. uX
Xo F- ]-Zw \o---an-!w. eo-Z-o
\Xo
h-cmen-cmuY-g|- ap-anw-uh Xn-ynw
F-n A-lo-- F-m A-Y-ta--nw.
[-cmuan io \o-cm_-v.. 2.10. (66)
F-n a--gy-w G-Xm h-Xy-eo-Zy A-[y-b-A-Yw:w:- \--Xox H ue-Zx eo-u--bx =
\w tN-n eo-Z|n-n-w -J-=w fn-o
\-Xo ue-Z-an-tW--lo--I. -Sn-tX, [-a
-w Io---e-cn-!-uan, h-Xyn-h-Xy-\o-W-b-fn-w H tte --Xox = [-a-fn---tj
o- 5n--cn-!-uan B ]-c-a-an-b eo-ZyuX= (\-Xo -Xo bn-Wm ue-Zw. A-H-tIn-n-Wm E-Im hw-io\-Xo-tb--lo-b-Ww. uX
fn--), h-cmen-cmuY-i = h-a- In-cy X-I-m ue-Z-ta- u]-cm d-o--Xm. A-H
--jo-w, F-n-n-d-Kw, A-ap-anw-uhy =
-u]n-td -wo--tS B-cw-w- -X C-Xx!-X--o---X-. A-Xn-b-Xm A-Xo-td
]-cy-w ~-1n-Zo-I- -X \-
BcnWm A-e-Xco%I?
co I? :-- D- -d-K-\o-m C-n- -d-u-%- 5-bn-W-an-Wm
A-e-X-c-Ww. A-un H- -d-K-n-bo--t-w a-tn- -d-u-% an-lo-b-H
\o-ao-w, C-n-Xo--o-S-K e- uN- F--an-Wm AeXncw tInm ho-o-%--Xm.
YWw f|cm uNX, IncWw f|c h-e-eyn-]obnWm, h-e-eyn-]-I
h-e-^--m. C-n-Xo-- -dw -F- h-+-w ]-c-an-_--an-Wm. No thaoIm
aX;uSXnWm ncXpba.
+xn 491 17
17
e-tc G-Xo \o-n-uWn h-Xy-eo-Zy-tb

[-eo--e---Xm A-Xo-m \-Xo-tb-m u]cn-bo. (E-uK|-Zn-Zon-gy--ao-I)
-O--m, a-w F-o-e c-1w G-In-Yen-No-bn-Wm. A-e hw-io-Xn n-K-o-t
u]-cn-m. A-H-u]n-td \o-K-aw, \-Xo
u]--I-;w ue-Z \n-a-an-m. (E-uK|-Zn-Zongy--ao-I)
-\-Xo --Xo-I-tj
A-]-an-\o-%--e \n-o-I.
130. ubn A-e-a-u\y-X uX --ud ui-H
fn-n-[-bn-Zm Z|o-Px. h hn--o-cm
_-io-ln-ucyn \n-o-uIn ue-Z-\o--Ix.
2. 11. -(67)
-A-Yw:w: b Z|o-Px = G-tX-o-w a-gy, uX --ud = ue-Z-=w ue-Zn---d B-r---;w, ui-H-fn-n-[-bn-Xm = X-fn--o-t h-in-b-n, A-e-a-\y-uX
= A-]-an-\o-n, h = A-bn-tj, hn--ox
_-io-ln-cyx = u[-~-n A-e-tc _-iol-co--tIn--Ww. F-t-n ue-Z-\o-Ix = ue-Z-o-t\ \o-o-%--e B-cn-bnw A-e, \n-o-Ix = \n-o-I-cn-m.
-X--fn--t B-[-bo-m ue-Z-t-w
[-a-fn--t-w A-]-an-\o-%--e,
\o-o-%--e, B--X-t-bn-bn-w, u[~-!--g-n A-e-tc _-io-l-co-%-Xn-Wm ubn-Kyw. In-c-Ww ue-Z-\o--I-cn-b
A-e \n-o-I-cn-m (Z-bn-d-x-rw,
ue-Z-eo--J-7-\w). -ue-Z-t-w, ue-Zn--d B-!--g-n--tS B-g r--tj-w, fn--r---tj-w \o-o-%-
-\n-o-I-tc, Pn-Xo-bo-\o-w, h--io
-\o-w, uZ-f-K-\o--u]n-w -So--I-jb-Ww. (h-Xyn-Y-5-In-fw)
-A--X-a-\-\w
-X- f-p-eo-ue-N-\w.
-u^n-Iw 129-130 a-, ue-Z-, ue-Z-ue
-n-, A-H-u]n-td ue-Z-[-aw Pp-eo-X@-X-an-o-b E-gp-f|-c-n-cn 5-Wp-X-jn-b [-a-fn-- C-e-tb X--fn--;-]-ubn-Ko-m A-]-an-\o---tX- ]-l
--. X--o-t u]--]-l-m ueZ-
18
491 18 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
t A-]-an-\o-%--Xm ubn-Ky-X-b-t-nm A-u-i-o-t en-Zw. X-o-%--e

D-No-X-an-b ho-n--o--]-I-cw !-X--jn-m D--bo-%--Hm. 5-an-W- D-]ubn-Ko-m a- en-Zw -w-an-%--Hm
[-u-b-an-m.
1. A-e-a-u\y-X F- ?o-bn--]-an-m a-
A-eo-tS 5-ubn-Ko-o-co-%--Hm. A-Xo-tA-Yw X-fn--o-t u]-co !-X- tIn-1m ue-Z-t A-]-an-\o--tX-n-m.
2. No-d In-cy- X--o--]-co-bn-b
h-Xy--jn-m. F-5-In-c-ta-n -f|-c
c-No-X-an-b -wo-bo-td 5-j-bn-e- a-gy e-o-%m A-5-X-Iy-an-m. A-Xn-b-Xm
5-#-Xo--tS eo-#-Xo a--gy-e-o-%m A-oK-ay-a-.-(1.5) C-H-u]n-td -f|-c 5-Z-an-b ue-Z-n-\w, A-No-y-=w A-5-uab-=w A-X-Iy-=-an-m. -In-c-Ww a--gy
e-o-%m -W-an-bo A-Xo-t\ 5n-]o-%en hn-[y-a-. (1.3,21,23) a- A-Xo-t\
-W-an-bo X-n---d-an-w -2o-hwK-X-an-w Aw-Kp-I-co-%-. ue-Z n-\t-%-lo-m X-o-u- B-e-fy-uaC-.
]o-t B-tc-o-w X-o-%-I-ubn,
J-7o-%-I-ubn tN-n A-Hm !-X-w
X-t-tb- I--XWw.
3. a- A-\y-fneo-g-b--jo X-t [-a-\o-L-b-o-m 5-an-W-an-bo
Aw-Kp-I-co-%--1m. fn-- X-
-t E-go-X|-]-o-dn-m I-o---Hm.
X-o-%--bn B-cn-bo-co--Ww F-w
\o-L-bo-o--1m. X-|-n-\o-bn-b fn--\n-m X-w \-S-K--Xo- ubn-Ky
. A-n--e-c-. a--eo-t A-o-5n-bw,X-w [-a-t A-lo-m 5n-]o-%-
-Xo-w, [-a-o-t b-Yn-Y n\w
d-o-%--Xo-w B-I-Ww FnWm. X-o- ubn-Ky B-cn-bo-co--W-ta-w
a- 5-an-W h-io-Xw ey-2-an-%-.
1. 5--Xy-w Nn--an-\w N fn-w
N eo-eo-[n-K-a-am. ^--bw --eo-Zo-Xw
In-cyw [--cma-I-o-a-p-;-Xn.. 12.105.
2.
B-cm-gw [-cmuan-]-uZ-fw N ue-Z

-fn--eo-ucn-[o-\n. -b--uI-cmWn-hw-[-u hx [-cmaw ue-Z u\-X-cx..
12.106.
3. -tt^t -eo-uZyn ui-H-I--uIn-cm
-]-co-g-Zm hyn--fn-e-cn.. 12.111.
4. \o--2-fn--o X--t E-go-tS -]-o-dn-m e-Wo-o-co-%--Hm.
A--t\-bn-m ue-Z-a-n-Y \o-W-bw
tN-o---Hm. a--eo-t a-X-a--h-co-m
X-]-h|o-I-j-n--e, E-go-an-c-n--e,
A-+-eo-Z|n-n C-e-cn-w X--o-
ubn-Ky-c-. ""AA-]o \--Xo-uXn]o X-cmI-Xx, \ H
#--Y-u2|-|-\ a-n \o-cme-2-eynx,
5--I-c-W-fx G-e H \o-cme-2-eyn,
\-uiy-i 5--Xy- a-ey-
--ug-c-X-]-uhn en. ]-ucn-e-cy-eo-

H J- ue-Zo-J-i --ubn-eo-Zyx
5--f-uhyn -e-Xoo"
C-Xz-2w !--c-n-Xm.
-a--gyn en E-gp-g-r-Xm?n-a-f
ue-Zn-\--e-\m, uIn \ E-go-cm
-eo-gy-Xp-Xo?
-uX-y G-Xw X-cmI--gpw
5n-n-b-L-\m a-n-cmY
No-n-{-i -a-{-jmi-am.
(]-co-fo-ww .11. 13.) 5-an-Ww A--h-co-m ubn-Ky-X-bon- ey-2o-I fn--X--o-m
A-ubn-Ky-cn-Wm. eo-fo-gyn ue-Z-=w ue-Zn--d-eo-g-b-=w \o-o-w-ubn-Ky-X-bo-n-e--an-bo X-o-%--Xm ue-Z-t--t
A-]-an-\o--dn-!w.
(H-S-w)
5InfontX
InfontX 5Info
Info%e...
e...
A-u\-Iw uZ-e-X-I-tj B-cn-[o-%--e Hn-ucn uZ-e-X-m 5-uXy-Iw 5-uXy-Iw f-2o-I
\o-B-bo-o--m. Hn-ucn uZ-e-X-ub-w h-uF-f|-c-t 5-Xo-\o-[o-bn-bo K-Wo-%-.H- D-Zn-i-c-Ww ]-l-bnw. cn-Py-o-t -c-Wn-[o-] cn-{-]-Xo-bn-Wm. a-t-n -c-W-[o-Inco-I-;w, tth-\yn-[o-]-n-w A-u-i-o-t 5-Xo-\o-[o-I an-^-an-Wm. h-en-[o-In-co%-ue-o 5-e-o-%- eo-o- ey-2o-I-jn-Wm A-e. C-H-u]n-td Cv-f|-c-t\-w C-Xc-uZ-e-n-tc-w 5-Xo-\o-[o h--Zn-ub-\ ep-o-n 5-Y-a--wn tte-I-dy-tan--ao-t-
uXn-n-ta-o-w, ?-ua-W A-Xm I-- tte-g-ay--jo-ud-m \-bo-%w. G-uI-f|-c-en-Zo- an-^-a-, G-H-X-c-o--- Cv-f|-c-en-Z-o-w I-- 5-i-cw \-!-Xn-bo
]-co-W-ao-%- t]n-n-n-Wo-Xm. B-o-Iy-en-Zw, A-So-n-\--l-o-o---Xm eo-f|-o-tw eo-f|-eo-[n-Xn-eo-t-w G-I-X-bo-dn-Wm Hn-ucn-o-t-w A-[y--]-Z-eo-w A-[y-n--tS A-[y--n-\-=w h--o- u\n-%--Xo-\m H--Zn-i-c-Ww F--nw. F-t
f-cp-cw. Rn-\n-W-Xo-t A-[o-]. B-[o-]-Xy-o-\m eo-eo-[ 5-e--\--;-tS
ua-u\n-w F-n-W-Yw. Rn In--, uI-%-, -o-%-, ]-l--. C-eo-tS
b-Yn-?-aw Rn -wn-=w, u[n-Xn-=w, un-2n-=w, e-2n-=-an-Wm. F-n, In-G, uI-\o,
--Ww, n-g-Ww F-o-e-m 5-uXy-Iw 5-uXy-Iw A-[o-]-[o-I-;w e-!-w, D-t-w,
Rn A-Xo-t-tb-nw ua-[n-eo-bn-tW-w C-Xo-\-Y-ao-. I-Bn-Zn-em, tN-eo-bn-Zn-em,
e-b-ln-Zn-em, Po-i|n-Zn-em F-o--t\ eo-eo-[n-Z--tj h--o-n H-S-o-bn
e-j-tc eo-No-^-an-bo-co-%w. F-t I-Bm tN-eo-ubn-Sm ]o-W-o-tb-un a-un B-d-n-coI-n-g-bo ]-l-bn-ta--n-tX, b-Yn--Y-o A--t\ e--Hw hw--eo--u]n-bn-d-t
I-Y Fn=w. B-udn-No-%-I-bn--No-Xw!- -A-un ue-Z--jo H-u-tl uZ-e-n-tc--o
5-n-eo-o---uXn? Fm Noo%w. H- In-cyw -w-an-Wm. uZ-e-5--J-n-tc-ubn,
!-o-ttZ-e--tj-ubn A-e--tS \o-d-\o-o-t\--o-ubn ue-Z- bn-tXn-w ]-l---uXbo-. uZ-e-hw- H-co-S-Kw ttZ-eo-I-X|-t u_n-[o-o-%--H-a-. H-, e- F-- an-ân-Wo-Xo-t A-Yw. 5-In-fo-%--tX- A-Yw No-d-bo-S-m uZyn-Xo-o-%--Xn-bo
In-Wnw.
... \ucg ...
+xn 491 19
19
Iaapanwhnhap (HS)
]o.tI. Pb
sshZnIbPvRfpsS ùXnI{]kn
fXwuen Awu_ [nan\o hi
hi
Xuen
Xuenix
ix A[nfX ?uXn
uXn
baoaw
baoaw ua AKZw #X
X (b
(b.-.-12.76)
ui Awu_! Au\IXco j
\o\m cIWo\m
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n\an\
Dm. \p Ft b
boudm
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h
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ncn%I
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CXm \ot
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_oItS
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tS huinZcoanucntSnw uinao
%I.
I. Cv e
eB\
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cobnb Aw_oI
Aw_oIuSXnWm
uSXnWm. CXo\m !lua
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huinZcoantc
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491 20 +xn
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22
491 22 +xn
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h|K\cI.
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(ufgw u]Pm 31 )
+xn 491 23
23
24
491 24 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
+xn 491 25
25
26
491 26 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
+xn 491 27
27
28
491 28 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
+xn 491 29
29
30
491 30 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
Zf\fneoNncw
I-a-dn\ucg
n\uc
g
\ymbZcvi\w
(aigo KvXat \ynbZf\ ^;ww

AetS
Ae
tS d
dx AYeoecW=w)
AYeoecW w)
A--Y J--Xp-bn-[yn-b-hy 5--Y-a-an-a-\|o-I-am(nw
nw A[ynbw
A[ynbw Hnw BoIw
B oIw)
3.43 \ cn-^n-e-]y--]-d-ut.
(240) 3.47. A-5n-]y-r-i-Ww In-Nn---]-S-d
--So-In--co-uXn-]-d-ut..
(244)
\ = C-. cn-ô-bo -cy-\o-n--un-?w
C-o-b--jo ]-Zn-Y-5n-o C-t-o-w
a-Bo 5-In-fw D--o A-Hm -fy-ana-\-o-dn-%-en-- f-2o C-o-b--%I-Ww.-A-Hm hw--ey-a-n--Xo-\n,-I-Bo1m. In-Nw, A-w, F-o-e-bo ]-Xo-%-
td Io-c-W--tj- D-]-d-to en-Zw h|pe- 5-Xy- ho--an-I-bn C-o-b-=w
In-cy-a-.
e--=w X-o-- h-o-I-gw n-\3.44- _n-iy-5-In-fn--r-in-Zm
o- In-c-W-an-!-o-.
eo-g-ubn-]-d-ut--c-\-o-ey-2o-uXn--]-d-to.
(241) 3.48. !--Uyn--co-Xn--]-d-ut--c
-5-Xo-ug-[.
(245)
-_n-iy-5-In-f-o-t h-in-b-n
-C-o-b--m B-e-c-W-n a-l--t-
]-Zn-Y- 5-Xy--an-!--Xo-\n B
e--eo-t n-\w r-io-n-ta-o
5-Xy- -]-o-t A-\-o-ey-2-XIn-co-o---l-- e--n-\-=w D-n-IWw A--]-d-to ho--an-!-o-.
3.45 A-o-ey-2v Nn-o--en-Xm.
(242) Ww. A-Xo-n--Xo-\n u\-^-c-Wo-I-;-tS
h-o-I-gw n-\ In-c-W-an-tW--Hm
---e-- A--fy-an-m. 5-Xy-\oug-[o-n hn-y-a-.
o Xo-c--c-Ww(A-o--ew) D-t-o-w
3.49 -A-5-Xo-Ln-Xn-e-o-u\-^-c-Wo-I D-j-j-H-X-t-bn-m.
I-cmugn-]-]-ox.(246)
3.46 \-2--c \-b-\-c-Wo-Z-cmf-\n- (243)
-h|- -ey--jn-b In-Nw, -So-Iw -X-dn-cn-ô--c-cn-b P---jo u\-^-c-Wo-I
be I-Bo-td c-Wo-I-tj X--Km \o-K-fy-an-I-bn, I-C-I-jo u\-^-uPyn-Xo
o. A-H-tIn-1m ]Zn-Y--;-tS 5-XyA-Y-en c-Wo-hn-o-yw D-t- -w-an n-\w D-n-!-. A-Xn-b-Hm vm.
(u]Pm 22 \o
\oww HS
S )
tNXot
tN
Xot 5Xo^dw
Xo^dw CeotSt Cv Poudn
P oudn P
Pncjo
cjotSubn
tSubn Io
Io
taXnWm avdoIanb tteZoIhonw.
tteZoIho
w. tteZoIhon5Incw
tteZoIho
Incw uann e
e
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W=ww A\yn
A\yn[bcioX
bcioX=anb
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h|X
w h|n[p\X
h|n[p\XanWm
anWm. \nw Ppeo
Ppeo%
Cv udnIm Fneo[ vXoI tFf|cy=w

tFf|cy w ttIecom udnIPpeoXw h
hw=
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PpeoXan%en
en BeolcoebnWm
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b.
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CetS
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hw=
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pb=ww vXoI
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ubnP\w fnpbanbo
fn pbanbo Au\|golobntX Ao
Ao5nbw
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lw X
X=ecnWm
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Globc
cw.
w.
+xn 491 31
31
Xo-I ]-Zn-Y--;-tS A-5-Xo-Ln-Xw

-X-S-w - -C-eo-tS D-n-!-o-.
3.50 B-Zo-Xy-c-uWxx --So-In--co
-uX]o Zn-uiy-eo-[n-Xn-Xm. -(247)
-B-Zo-Xy Io-c-W--%m --]o-So-o-n- f-2o-%m H--e--=w eo-Ln-X-a-.
A-lo-tb- -ey-o-m C-o-b-=-an-bo
h-o-I-gw D-1m.
3.51 u\-X-uc-X-c [-cma 5--hw-Kn-Xm. (248)
-C-X-uc-X-c (]-c--c) [-a--;-t- en-Zw
Aw-Kp-I-co-n A-Hm eo---an-!w. In-N=w o-o-w ]-c--c eo-- [-aw D--ebn-m. A-Xo-\n en-Zw f-co-b-.
3.52 B-Z-cmufn-Z-I-ubn
bnx 5--hn-Z-h|n-n-eyn--u]n-]-d-to-e---]-d-to.
(249)
-Z--W-=w P-d-=w h|- h|-n-e -2-anb-Xo-\n 5-Xo-_ow-_w D-]-d-t-an-!-.
o-o-w-a-ew ?-o-ip-\-an-I-bn u\-^
c-Wp-5-en-iw h-an-\-an-bo A-eo-tS ]-Xo%-o-.
3.53 -wn--ao-Xn-\nw \o-ubn-K5
5--Xo-ug-[n--]-]-o.
(250)
-5-Xy--n-w A--an-\-n-w ho-o-
]-Zn-Q--;-tS eo-[o-w \o-ug-[-=w ]nSo-. e--eo-t A-o-X|-t-%-lo-m hwf-b-=w 5-Xo-ug-[-=w D-n-I--Hm, In-cWw -ucn e--eo-t-w \o-an-W
cp-Xo eo-o--an-m. A-Xo-\n H-uc \o-baw _n-[-I-a-.
3.54 n-n-\n-\y-uX| \n-\n-X|n-Z-e-b--eo-\n-\n-n-\-X|n- hw-f-bx. (251)
-A-u\-I n-\--jo A-u\-I ]-ZnY- D-j-j-Xo-\n-w, H- ]-Zn-Yw X-t
A-u\-I n-\--jo D-j-j-H-tIn-1w,
C-o-b- A-u\-I--un? A-uXn H-an-^-uan F- hw-f-bw D-n-!w.
3.55 X|-K-ey-Xo-uc-In-Xm.
(252)
-ey-Xo-uc-Iw = #-Yo-ep _-w, F-n-bo-SKw D-j-j-Xo-\n X|-%m F- G-I C-ob-ua D-j-<3.56 \ --K-]-Zn-cmYn--]-d-utx.x.
(253)
H-uc-h-a-b-Km A-u\-I eo-g-b--;-tS
n-\w D-n-In--H-tIn-1m, H-co-o-bw
an-^-ua D-j-< F--en-Zw f-co-b-.
3.57- eo-5-Xo-ug-[n- \ X|-uK-In. -(254)
-c-1-h-an-\ f-2o-I-;-tS eo-5-Xo-ug-[w
(]-c--c-eo-ucn-[w) D-n-I-bn-w, X|o-t\ H--C-o-b-an-bo I--Xn-\n-eo-.
H-co-o-b-an-bo--t-o -tc--j-j e--eot -f-\n---ew X|-o-m D-n-e-Wan-bo--. A-Xo-\n -f Z-f-u\-ob- o--an-m.
3.58 C-o-bn-cmY-]--X|n-Xm.
(255)
-C-o-b eo-g-b- A-n-b-H-tIn-1m
H-co-o-bw an-^-a-. C-o-b- A-nm.
3.59 \, X-Z-cmY-_-*-X|n-Xm.
(256)
-C-o-b eo-g-b- A-u\-I-an-I-bn,
C-o-b--;w A-u\-I-an-m.
3.60 K--X|n-Zy-ey-Xo-uc-In-XmK-n-Zp-\n-a-5-Xo-ug-[x.
(257)
-K-w ]-d-eo-[---o-w A-tX-nw H-uc
e-!-o t]--. -ucn C-o-b eo-g-b-jo-w ey-Xo-uc-Iw D-j-j-Xo-\n (h-an-\
[-aw) A-e-tb t]n-H-en-bo A-o-obn-Y--jo t]--nw.
3.61 eo-g-b-X|n-ey-Xo-uc-In-uZ-b-X|-am.
(258)
-K-w ]-d-eo-[---o-w A-tX-nw K-ta- H-K-W-ta-m ]-l--. fp-uXn-n
-Zo-I-jn-bn-w -fw t]n-H-en-m. -ucno-w ey-Xo-uc-I--j-j-Xo-\n C-o-b-
(HSw)
H--X-t.- \o-c-e-[o C-.
hcmue \o-ua-gn P-o-uc eo-Zz-Xx !--gn-Z-[o.- tt\-\-cm-[|w \-Xo-c-w \-a-u[y ]-co-P-r--Xm.. (b
(bcm
cmueZw 32.2)
eo-uf-g- 5-In-f -2- -W- ]-c-an-Zn-eo \o-m -\o-ua-gw, I-d, In-~ H-S-o-b
In-d-o-t A-e-b-e--;w A-[o-I-X-c-an-bo D-n-!-.- Cv ]-c-an-Zn-eo-t\ B-%w
-I-jo-udn, Xn-tk-ubn, e-f--jo-udn, a-[y-o-udn, F-n-bo-S-K-\o--uan r-io- hn-[y-a-.-
32
491 32 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
an\epbw (HS)
I-a-dn\ucg
n\uc g
tjmUikwkvImcw
hnan\y5IcWw
hnan\y
IcWw
\-e-a-eo-[o. A-Ln-cn-en-Pyn-Kn-*-Xo.
-b--!-7-o-t D--c-n-K-Km H-cn-*Xo-w, tX-%-n-K-Km c-n-a-t B-*Xo-w, \--Ww. C-Xo-m A-Ln-cn-en-Py
(D--o-b t\-m) B-*-Xo F--]-l--.
A-Xo--uf-gw !-7-o-t a-[y-o
c-1m B-*-Xo tN--Ww. A-Xo-m B-Py-n
-Kn-*-Xo F-w ]-l--. t\-m ]n-^-o
\o-w, Aw-Y-ww-(X-j-j-eo-c), a-[y-a
(t]--eo-c) A-\n-ao-I (uan-Xo-c-eo-c)
F-o-e tIn-1m -e- ]o-So-m t\-m \o-l-I. A-- \n-a---tIn-m B-*-XoI tN--Ww. B-Ln-cw=Dw -%-I, B-Pyw
= t\-m, n-Kw = Hn-ucn n-K-m B-*-Xo =
-eyw ep-M F--Yw. C-Xo 3nw a-o-td h|n-ine-tc av-\-an-bo P-]o-Ww.-w A-l-ub h|n-in.
C-Zw A-l-ub C-Zw \ a-a.. (1)
Cv a--un-tS b--!-7-o-t e-S%-n-K-m t\-bm ep-N-I.
-Hnw uhn-an-b h|n-in.
C-Zw uhn-an-b C-Zw \ a-a.. (2)
(uKn-o-d-[-iy--^w. 1.8.24)
-b--ue-Zo--tS Z-o-W n-K-Km 5-P|-do-e-- A-lo-bo B-*-Xo A-o-%-I.
-A-Xo--uf-g--j-j c-1 a---jn ue-Zo-tS a-[y-o c-1m B-*-Xo \--I. A- a-w (av-\-an-bo)- tN--Ww.
-w 5--Pn-]-X-ub h|n-in.
-C-Zw 5--Pn-]-X-ub C-Zw \ a-a.. (3)
-A-Xo--uf-gw h|-c--b-o,
w C-n-b h|n-in.
-C-Zw C-n-b C-Zw \ a-a..-(4)

-F--tNn-o B-*-Xo A-o-%-I.
-(w A-l-ub h|n-in, w uhn-an-b h|nin, w C-n-b h|n-in, Cv---a--;w (b--ue-Zw 22.6.28) Hnw 5-Pn-]-X-ub
h|n-in (b-.12.28.) -Z-bn-\--n-gy-o-udHan-m.
-n-en-Yw:w: A-ul = w F- \o-P-\n-a-j-j A--ubn A-lo-uZ-en!, n-\-h|--]
-w, h-I-d 5n-W-[n-co-I-;-uS-w Pp-e-\ui-H-=w, h-e-x-J eo-\n-f-I-w, h|-bw5-In-f-I-\n-b uPyn-Xox-h|--]-w, -woI-n-=w, hw-c--W ui-H-=-an-b v-Xo
-In-lo-n-bo. (1).
-uhn-an-b =- fn-o-w h-an-[n-\-=w B-=w \---e-w,-h-a--e---;w D-Zm]n-Zoo-m !-wo-t--o c-hw,- an--cyw, -B-8nZw,- -Jw C-e-\-- h-en-\--5-Z-\n-b
N---ue-o. (2).
-5-Pn-]-X-ub = -h-e N-cn-N-c -wn-=w,h|n-ao-bn-bo c--I-\n-bo-co-%- P-K-Zp-f|c-w, A-e-t -wo-bn-b, 5n-W-Zn-Xn-enb,- en--eo-w ue-o (3).
-C-n-b = h-tte-f|-cy-2-w, ]-c-an-\-Zn-Xn-=-an-b C--w, -A-e-t -wo-bn-b
-cy-w eo-Zz-o-w ue-o.
-h|n-in = I--h--+-ew, B-Z-n\n---d-an-b B-r-i-un---So, I--=w
]-eo-^-=-an-o-b, -ey--jn Rn
B-*-Xo A-o-%-. F-t Cv B-*-Xo
-I A-lo-%w, uhn-a-w, 5-Pn-]-Xo-%w,C--w ue-o-bn-m. C-tX-\o-%-ue-o
A-. \o-h|n-Y-an-bo I-a-^-ud- C-n+xn 491 33
33
tX Rn A-u- ue-o h-a-o-%-Xn-m. 5-In-f-h|--]-w uPyn-Xox-!--=an-b Cv-f|-c-t\ 5n-]o-%-en h-[-w

B-*-Xo-b--o-%-. P-K-o-t c-h-=w
an--cy-=w, fn-o--an-b Cv-f|-c-t\ 5n-]o
-%-en B-*-Xo X--. 5-P-I-;-tS A-[o-]Xo-tb 5n-]o-n-\n-bo tF-f|-cy eo--Xo
-I-;-tS A-[o-~n-\-an-b Cv-f|-c-t\ 5n-]o
-n B-*-Xo X--.
hw-n-ceo-g-b- 5--[n-\ uin-aw.
-G-Hm hw-n-c-o-m ue-o-bn-uWn bw tN---Hm A-Xn-m 5-[n-\uin-aw.
\n-dm B-Ln-cn-en-Py-n-Kn-*-Xo tN--Xo-uf-gw G-tX-nw I-a--m,- F-tnw eo-uf-g-a---jn uin-aw tN-W-uan A-tX-w eo-[o--ew tN--Ww.
A-Xn-b-Hm hn-an-\y 5-I-c-W-o-td C-eoSw e-tc--j-j I-a- -o-bn-o-bXo- uf-g-ua 5-[n-\ I-a- tN-n->.
-Z-f-a-eo-[o
-Wn-*-Xo 5--I-c-Ww
1. -Wn-*-Xo-% -n-bo \n-m B-Ln-cnen-Pyn-*-Xo (5-[n-\-uin-a-o) tN-Ww.
2. ep-1w P|-do- \o-- h-ao-[-I-jo
eyn-,-Xo--tS \n-m B-*-Xo-I t\-bm
tIn-1 tN--I.
-a-w..
-w --c-l-ub h|n-in..C-Z-a-l-ub C-Zw \ a-a. (1)
-Hnw --e-cm en-b-ue h|n-in.
C-Zw en-b-ue C-Zw \ a-a.-(2)

w h|-cn-Zo-Xyn-b eyn-\n-b h|n-in.
C-Z-an-Zo-Xyn-b C-Zw \ a-a.-(3)
-w --cm --e-h|-c-lo-en-b|n-Zo-uXy-yx
h|n-in. C-Z-a-lo-en-bmen-Zo-uXy-y
C-Zw \ a-a. (4)
-n-e-Yw:- 1. Hn-n-c-\n-a -]o-bn-b, xx =
A-o-au[y-b-an-b 5n-W-Zn-Xn-=w, h-a-
Pp-e Pn-d--;-tS-w, -wo o-Xo hwin-c--;-tS B-Zo-In-c-W-=-an-b ]-c-an-Z-c-W-ubn-tS, A-l-ub = #-Yo-ep
n-\p-b-\n-b A-lo-% ue-o.
2. Hnw --ex = h-e-c--I-\n-b, h-e
n-\-o-t-w, -d-In-c-W-=w, x-J-in-=w, eo-{-eo-\n-f-I-w, h-I-d Pp-e
Pn-d--%w I-a-uf-go-w f-2o-un-X-an-b P-K-Zp-f|-c-\m h-a--W -c-W-ubntS, A--co---\n-b en--eo--ue-o.
3. h|x = h-e-eyn-]-I-w, h-I-d uN-wI-%w, D-XmI-g-o-w uan- -Jo-t ]-c-a ]-Z-=-an-b ]-c-an-Zn-eo-t\
[yn-\o--tIn-1m, B-Zo-Xyn-b = Zyv-udn-Ien-ho-bn-b -cy--ue-o.
4. h|n-in = h-ue-f|-c-t f-2o-5-n-e
5n-o \o-ao--an-m F-t h-I-d
-f|-cy--;w. Rn A-o-%-
i-eo-m, A-lo en- B-Zo-Xy F-o-e-co-tS, (P-dw, en- ,-A--co- I-o)
-h-e N-cn-N-c--%w D-]-In-c-an-bo-pc-u. CXm F-t D--Xo-un h|n-Y-dn-(HSw)
o-u\n ue-o-b-.
io-c-Wy-K-]-Zw Cv-f|-c-en-No-bn-Wm.-
io-c-Wy-Kcm-:- uPyn-Xo-cmtte io-c-Wyw uX-uPn tte io-c-Wyw

C-ttXy-X-uc-b-f-X-]-Y-~n-1-uW. ubn io-c-Wyn-\nw --cyn-Zp-\nw uX-P-hnw
K-cm D-Xm]-o \o-ao--a-[o-I-c-Ww h io-c-Wy-K-cmx.
uX-P-h|o-I-jn-b -cyn-Zo-udn-I- bn-tXn-o \o-m D-Zm-eo-%-I-w bn-tXn-o-t\
B-[-bo-m \o-d-\o-%-I-w tN---uen A-Xm io-c-Wy-K-. A-Y-en
uX-P-h|--]--jn-b -cyn-Zo]-Zn-Y--;-tS D-Xm]-o-n-\-=w C-co-o-S-=-an-bo
e-o-%--Xm io-c-Wy-K-. A-Xm Cv-f|-c-\-n-tX a-n--a-. A-Xo-\n io-c-Wy-K-
F- \n-aw Cv-f|-c-u-Xn-Wm. C-Xo-\m 5-an-W-an-bo b--ue-Z-a-w u\n-%-I:
io-c-Wy-K-cmx h-a-e-cm-Xn-ur --X-hy Pn-Xx ]-Xo-uc-I B-hp-Xm.
h-Zn-[n-c #--Yo-epw Zyn--uX-anw I-hmtta uZ-en-b i-eo-gneo-u[-a.
(b--ue-Z-w 13.4)
34
491 34 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
p]ew
Uo. Iadnnbo
thZImehpw kv{XoIfpw
A-[yn-bw 11
-A---W8.
E-X-e E-Xn-?-[ E-H-~n

E-Xn-?-[x. --X-Lz uXn
eo-cn-uPn \n-a In-a--[n
A-p-b-an-Wnx.. -(b--ue-Zw 17, 3)
-n-en-Yw:w:- A--ubn [-i-\n-Y-I-jn-b uZeo-an-uc! \o- E-H--tj-un-td A-koeo-n- \o-b-aw ]n-do-%--e-cn-I-Ww.
5-#-Xo-tb E-H-]-co-]n-do-%--H- u]n
-td Xn-j-_--an-b b--an-W-Hm - A-Hu]n-td an-lo-an-lo e-- E-H--jod-y
-an-b B-in-c-]n-\p-b- \-o !-w-_nwK--tj B-ucn-K--V-Kn-^-cn-%-I. B-in-c=w e--=w In-dn-e-----d-an-%-en
ep---an [-o--Ww. h-Xy-an-bo-co-Ww \o-t -J--. h-Xy-=w [-a-=w nbp-n-e-an-%- \o-t B-r-i--tj-nw
\o-eo-{w H-?-Io-tb-Kw. A-H 5-#-Xo
\o-b-a-an-m. b--5-hn-Z-an-m. !-w-_o- \p A--b ]n-^-=w (H-ko-bn-
I-d-e-l) In-a-u[--=-an-bo-p-c-t. H-co-w Xp-cn- v-Xo-I-hv-n-Ky--;-tS
A-[o-]-Xo-bn-I-t \o-. Xyn-Ko-w
]-ucn-]-In-c-X-+-c--an-b \o-t -f|-cyw
!-w-_-o-m \o-l-Zp-]-an-bo tI-Sn-eo-j-nbo ]-co-d-ho--t.
-a-n-Yww::- ui uZ-eo! \o- E-X-ex
= E-H--jn-I-t, E-H--tj-un-td \o-b-a]-cn-b-W-cn-bo-co--t. E-H-?--[x = h-Xyw
[-a-an-o Pp-eo-X eo-P-bw u\---e-jnI-t. z--X-Lyn-Xx = t\-m H-?-%--e,
a--Lyn-X = uX H-?-%--e t\-w uXw [n-c--lo-bn-tX H-?-%--Hm h--Zm h-eo-cncn-Px \n-a = eoo--tS d--W-an-m. eo
(HS)
eo-[ e---jn ufn-o-X-bn-b In-a--[nx

= In-a-u[--eo-t\-un-td A-p-b-an-Wn
= H-co--w p-Wo-n--h-Zn -Ph|-d-bn-b.
9.
C-i !-wo-co-i c-h C-i

h-i--hn-X-an -e.
-]-J-\m b-ao-\o u]n-g-b..
-(A-Y-e-ue-Zw 3. 28. 4)
-n-en-Yw:w:- C-i = [-in-[-a-o,
!-wo = h--w-an-b A-e-, c-hx =
h-un-g-=w, c-h-\o--c-=-an-b B-bo-c-W-o-m u]n-g-I-]-Zn-Y- d-y-an%-I b-a \o-b-a- A-eo-S -tXntX
]n-do-%- \p !-w-_nw-K--ujn-w Y--P\--ujn-w In-Wo-%- [--w -2o-w
\--%m A--X-H-dy-an-b ]n-w B-in-c-hn[-\--;w \-- ]-I h--o-u\n-w InWo--Ww.
-a-n-Yw:w:- C-i = C-eo-tS, !-wo= hw-!-wan-b e-- d-o-n, c-hx = h-unhn-XX-ax =
g-=w c-h-\o--c-=-an-b h-i--hn
h-i- ]-Zn-Y--tj h-Zn- Zn-\w tN--
Zn-\o-bn-bm, -e = -eo--t, bn-ao-\o = b-a
-\o-b-a ]n-d-\ X-+-c-bn-b [-i-\n-uY ]-J
mm = I--In-do h--m u]n-g-bn =[-ubn---So ]-co-]n-do-m e-[o-o-m c-o-Ww.
10. hw ho-n-ao Kn-ew p-cw,
h-an-uPy-\ _-dw c-h-am. -hw-ho-2n
A-n-Iw ep-cnx, -en Kn-uen a-bo
uKn-]-Xv.. -(A-Y-e-ue-Zw 2. 26. 4)
n-en-Yw:w:- F-t f-cp-c-o ]-I-eo
+xn 491 35
35
-]n [n-c-bn-bo \--e-Bw h--bo-o-1m. F-t f-cp-c-!-wo-w _-d-=w uKn

z-Xw (]-I-eo t\-m) I-ko--n-b-Xnm. \--tS ep-c h-n-\--%w I-an-b ]-I-eo ]n-w t\-w [n-cn-jw \-o
e-j-n hn-[o--Ww. uKn--tj hwc-o-%- F-\o-m uKn-h--Km F-w
ua--ua h---an-bo D-n-bo-tn-o-co%w.
a-n-Yw:w:- Rn, Kn-enw = ]-I-eo-t,
p-cw = ]n-dm hw ho-n-bo = \- e-Bw
!-So-o--1m, C-ww-u]n-td !-So-n tIn-o--1m, B-uPy-\= z-Xw tIn-1m _-dw
= f-2o, c-hw = c-hw, hw-ho-n-ao =
\--e-Bw I-ko-o--m, A-n-Iw = \--tS,
ep-cnx = ep-c-h-n-\-, hw-ho-2nx =
]n-w t\-w [n-cn-jw I-ko-m f-2o-bn
_-dw !-wo C-e u\-So-b-e-cnIWw. a-bo
uKnKn-]-Xv = Rn-\n-!- uKn-]n-d-t
h-eo-[-o, Kn-em = uKn- --en =
o-c-an-bo, \o--, G--%-l-=-I-jo-n-tX
F-w In--.
11. z-X-5-Zn a---dnx -ucn-Z-Inx
p-uc-W -cmWn D-Z-uI-\ Z-n.
-G-Xn-|n [n-cn D-]-b- h-cmenx
-h|-cmuK-udn-uI a--a-Xm ]o-\|-an-\n
D-]-X|n Xo-~- !-l-co-Wpx h-a-nx..
-(A-Y-e-ue-Zw 4. 34. 6)
-n-en-Yw:w:- A--ubn [-i-\n-uY!
[--in-[-a--]-o-- h|-K-udn-I-o
\p t\-m, h-ucn-e-cw-u]n-td 5-e-io-o-Ww. a-, X-Sn-Iw u]n-td h---an--Ww.
-g-[oc-h-, P-dw u]n-td H-?-Io-tb-Ww. ep-m ]n-w uX-w -g-[och--;w t\-w, uan-w, h-Zn d-y-an-%-
A---uW-f|-cp \o-d-b-an-bo-p-c-Ww.
C-eo-tS-tb-K--e-%m h-un-g-un-tS
B-e-fyn--h-c-Ww \p X-t tIn--Km
A-e-tc hw-J--cn--Ww. C--I-c-I-tj-w
tXn--X-udn-So eo-S- eo-d-- a-u\n-ic-an-b Xn-a-c-tn-u]n-td \--tS ep-w
A-Xo--o Xn-a-c-0-u]n-td \p-w ufno--t.
36
491 36 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
-a-n-Yw:w:- z--X-,--Zn = t\-m h-ucn-ecw-u]n-td, a----dnx = a- X-Sn-Iw, --cnn

D-Z-Inx = P-d-h---an-b -g-[o c-hw,
p-uc-W = ]n--tIn-1m D-Z-uI-\ Z-n=
uan-w te-w, --cp = \o-l--Hm G-Xn
= , h-cmen=
n h-I-d-Hw, [n-cnx = 5-eniw h|-cmuK-udn-uI=
I h|-K--]-o--
[-in-[-a-o, a--a-Xm]o-X|-an-\nx = a-c-X-c-an-bo H-ko- tIn--%-I, X|n = \o-t
D-]-b- = d-o--t, h-am-A-nx = C-I-c-I-jo-ud-% -K-d- \o--, !-l-coWo = Xn-a-c-0- \o-l- \o-- h-cm, X|n D-]-ho-~- = \o-t h-ap-]-K
e- \o-w.
-So--Wo:o:- --ucn-Z-Inx = --cn -g-[o-c-h
G-e D-Z-Iw P-dw bn- Xnx. AA-]nw N
en G-g -g-[p-\nw N c-uhn b-Xm --cn
n
(f-X-]-Y ~n-n-1-Ww 12. 8. 1 4)
12. D-cmIm N ua --Xn N ua, ]-b-L
ua c-h-L ua, -z-Xw N ua a- N ua,
h-Km[o-L ua h-]p-Xo-L ua,
-#-go-L ua ?-wo-N ua, ttP-^w N-a-Zmo-Zyw N ua b-u-\ I-+-n-am..
-(b--ue-Zw 18. 9)
-n-en-Yw:w:- [-in-[-a--] b--o \ow \--%m A-w, h-Xy-=w eo-\-b--W=-an-b en-%-I, B-\-w, -g-[-,
t\-m, uX C-e-tb-nw d-o-%-. h-iun-P-\-=w, h-ew-K-=w, In-go-I-eo-Zyw
eo-j-I-;w b-Yn-In-dw a-k-w -cy-5-In-f=w, [-\-[n-\y h--o-bo--tS Pp-eo-X-eo-Pb-=w 5n--an-!-. F-n eo-{--tj-w
_n-[-I-tj-w H-ko-en-n-w A--t\ fno-w h-an-[n-\-=w Pp-eo-X-o D-n!-.
-a-n-Yw:w:- b-u--\ = Zn--Xy Pp-eo-Xan-!- [-in-[-a b--o--tS, D-cmIm
N ua = F-\o-%m A-w, --Xn N ua
= h-Xy-=w 5o-b-=-an-b en-%-I, ]-bx
N ua = F-\o-%m ]n-dm, c-hx N ua =
c-h-, h-eo N ua = h-i-un-P-\w,
h-]p-Xox N ua = h-ew-K-=w A--]n-\nXo-I-;w, #--go N-ua = In-go-I ?-o-w
]vcnWoINoI (HS)
B. ]--P-e-o, --S-
thZhpw thZmhpw
eoueIUnaWo
eoueI
UnaWo
-u^n-n-Iw.59.
ep-Wn-bn --]-hv--cyw
X-p-en-Z-\ hv-w-ew
-5-Pn c--\-an-^w X-Xm
-\ hn-n-Pyn-b I-+-uX.
-]-Z-u--Zw:-- ep-Wn-bnx --] hv--cyw
X-pen-Z-\-hv-w-ew 5--Pn-c--\ an-^w
X-Xm \ hn-n-Pyn-b I-+-uX.
-A-\|-bw:-- ep-Wn-bnx --]-hv--cyw X-pen-Z-\-hv-w-ew (N)- 5--Pn-c--\-an-^w.
X-Xm hn-n-Pyn-b \ I-+-uX-A-Yw:-- ep-Wn-bnx --]-hv--cyw = epW--tS -]-w-Ko-w, X-p-en-Z-\ hv-wew N = A-Xo-t I-o-I-jo ]n--I enbo-%-en--j-j I-ko-=w, 5--Pn-c--\-an-^w =
P-\--tj c-ho-o-n an-^w tIn-nw,
X-Xm hn-n-Pyn-b \ I-+-uX = hn-n-Pyw
u\-So-tb--n A-H- h-a-Y-a-.
-u^n-n-Iw 60
-en-Kmtte-J-cp f-p-e-cp
-fn--eyn-Jyn-\-Iv-f-dw
-tte--gyw eo--gnw X-Z|-Zm
--2-ub \ H -2-ub.
-]-Z-u--Zw:-- uu^n-n-I-o h-a- ]-Z-
C-n--H-tIn-1m ]-Z-u--Zw 5--h-2-a-.
-A-\|-bw:--- en-Kmtte-J-cp f-p-e-cp fn-eyn-Jyn-\ Iv-f-dw X-Z|-Zm eo--gnw tte-gyw -2-ub.- -2-ub \ H.
-A-Yw:-- en-Km tte-J-cp f-p-e-cp =

a-u\n-i-c--jn-b en-%-I-;-tS 5-en-i--]o--j-j D-n-c-Ww, fn--eyn-Jyn-\-Iv-fdw = fn---tj eyn-Jyn-\o-%--Xo--j-j
hn-a-Yyw, X-Z|-Zm eo--gnw tte--gyw =
A-H-u]n-td eo-Z|n-n--tS ]n-7o-Xyw
(C-tXn-t) -2-ub = un-Kn---e-o-
tIn-j-jnw. -2-ub \ H = -2o-n-botn-1 -eo-%-o-.
-B-Zp-b-Pp-eo-X-o-ud-%-j-j cn-P]n-X-bn-bo-n-m a-X--tj udn-I F-Boun---Hm. b-+-Z, tt?--e,--hmjpw a-X-jo-w, tti--e ttP-\ ho-%-a-X--jow, hv-cn-{-a-X-o-w h-p--\-%m e-do-b 5n-[n-\yw tIn--o--1m. Cv
a-X--jo-td a-X-r-- A-Xp-e --can-b ]-Z-ttf-do-I-ujn- -So-b-Xn-m.
-\n--ue-Z--jo H-m,- hn-a-ue-Zw
]n--en--j-j-Xn-m. ]-co-I- V--B
]n-cn-b-Ww tN---e A-Hm A-Xy-w
Kn-\n-Z-I-an-o tNn-o-un--. hvcn-{-a-X-o-td -Jy-an-b r-w Kn-Y-Ijn-Wm. C-y-bo-td tte--e-w ttf-ew H-u-tl -Xo-Kp-X- ]n-So-bo--1m.
]-K-ho-%-Y---n-w A-e--tS
]n-e-\-an-b Y--en-Wo -2o-\o--c-an-b
Kn-\--jn-bo F-?-Xo-bo-co-%-. e--a-Xw
an-^-an-Wo-Xo-t\n-c-]-en-Zw. C-o-b-tj 5p-Wo-o-%--Hm \--5-e-W-X-bn-bo
A-H--d--n-I- h--Zm h--o-w, ?-wo N ua = B-e-fy-- a-k h-a-b-K d-o-%-I,

ttP-^w = eo-P-bw -Z-ao-Zyw = _n-[-I-;w eo-{--;w H-ko-en-%-I, I-+-n-am = C-wn-h-c-Ww 5n--an-!-.
(HSw)
+xn 491 37
37
A-e-% uXn-o-bo-o-. A-H-tIn-m

hw-Kp-X-o-m A-e H-w-X-t ]-coK-W-\ \-o-bo-o-. F-o-w A-e ô-fc-W--;w ]--fp-d-=w e--\-=w aw-K-jn-NcW-=-tan-t Ip--\--tj-un-td-bnm tNn-o-un---Hm.
a-[y-In-d -uln-o-td ]-j-jo-I-jo
en--fo-+w, No-^-I-d, fo-+-eo-Zy, hw-Kp
-Xw, F-o-e-tb -f|-cn--W-an-bo
e-j-o-tb--K. n-c-X-o-td -Jy-I-d-Ijn-b u-^-eo-[n-\w, fo-+-I-d, hw-Kp-Xw,
-w C-e-tb-nw !-cn-uW-Xo-in-h--;tS [v-X-=w -fy-=-an-b eyn-Jyn-\--jnbo-p-. C-5-In-c--j-j a-u\n-c--\w
e-j- e-co-I-bn -ucn cn-Py-n-w
A-e--uS-Xn-b Xn-j-en-uZyn-]-I-c-W-
D-n-%-I-w tN-. A-Xo C-y-bo-td
ep-W-w -c-jo-%w e-j-tc D-b- n-\an--j-j-Xm. 5n-Y-\-I-;w, Ip--\--;w
--X --X hw-Kp-Xn-Z-I-an-b-unuk-%w hw-Kp-X--w u[n-Xn--;w
B-Z-\o-ue-Z-\-o-t-w, B-Zn-u\|g-W-o-t-w e-ko-eo-m C-o-b--tj
5p-Wo-o-%--Xo --X-dn-bo---?-Io.
C-y-bo-td -2o-hw-Kp-X--cn-b
Xyn-K-cn-P-h|n-ao-I, fyn-an-fn-o-I,
-K-h|n-ao-Zp-o-X h|n-Xo-Xo--\n,
ap-cn-_n-bo, -Zn-hm C-e-tc-nw A-Xyw -2o-eo-e-f-cn-bo-n-m ]n-So-bo--j-j-Hm.
F-o-w ]o-n-d-Km A-e--tS Kn-\-
t]n-H-P-\--;-tS eo-[-a-ue-j-I-jo-td
eo-u\n-uZn-e-e--n-bo D-]-ubn-Kon H-S-o. Xyn-K-cn-P-h|n-ao-I-;w a-ew
G-H-n-go-dn-uWn F-?-Xo-b-Xm B n-gnn-\w C-n--e-cn-m A-[o-I-=w B
Kp-X-I- tNn-o-w uI-w h--w-cn-!-Hm. C-H-u]n-td -uln-o h-e-hn-[nc-W-an-bo ]n-So-e-- r-uKn-lo-b Nn-m
B-w-X-t a-\-o-dn-o-b- tNn-;--Hw
B-h|-Zo-%--Hw. a-X-=w a-X-o-t H-utl D-]n-[o-I-;w A--t\ -d-yw-tX-o dvIo-I eo-u\n-Z--jo-td H-co-\w an-^-an-bo
A-[x-]-Xo-o-co-%- F-m C-eo-tS F--
38
491 38 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
K-]-l-o-co-%-.
C-H-u]n-td a-X-o-td B-[yn-Zo-IX- d-y-w-fw e--o-bo--j-j c-o-\-jn-m fn--]n-7o-Xy-=w en-Nn-d-X-w.
ttZ-e-t--o H-w-X-t A-lo-bn ]n
-So-t-o-w f-pn-b-an-\-an-b 5-hw-Kw \-So P-\--tj B-Z-eo-g-b-o A-lo=-j-j-e-cn-n [-ao-%- ]-7o-X-tc
In-Wnw. -un-ho-t -eo-uf-g-o
]-l---H-u]n-td A-n-So-bo e--\-=w
t]n-H--d--jo an-\y-n-\-=w d-o-%-uXn-tSn-w In-d-bn-]-\-=w an-\y-an-bo
I-ko--ta--n-tX H-cn-%w hn-n-Pyw
n-]o-%-en I-ko---X-. tt_-_ojo ub-I-?o- A-u\-Iw D-]-a-I tIn1 eo-f-Zp-I-co-%--Xn-b h|-K-cn-Pyt-bn-m D-]-\o-g-K-I-jo hn-n-Pyw
F- ]-l---Hm. On-un-Ky D-]-\o-g-m
7.25.2 Cv hn-n-Py-t--o ]-l--..
(A-Yn-\ B-Zn-uZ-f G-en-tt
tZ--en-[n-n-Zn-uZnn ]-co-wn-Zn-Zn ]-Ln-Zn-Zn
!--c-n-Zn-Zn Z-o-W-X B-uZn-n-c-X B-tt
tZ--ue-Zw h-cme-ao-Xo h en
G-g G-ew ]-fy-u-ew a-\|n-\ G-ew
eo-Pn-\-n-Z-c-Xo-cn-Z ?p-p-U B-Zao-w-\ B-Zn-\-x h h|-cn-Um -e-Xo.
X-hy h-cmue-i udn-uI-i In-a-N-ucn
-e-Xo. A-Y-ub\y-Yn-uXn eo--c-\y cnPn-\-u----udn-In -e-o, uX-gnw
h-cmue-i -udn-uI-g|-In-a-Nn-ucn -e-Xo.)
A-Yww::--- C-\o-bo-un B-Zn-eo-t\--o-A-j-j B-uZ-fw ]-l-b-t--. B-Zn-=-Xt-bn-!--Xn-tk, -I-jo-w B-Zn-=-Xt, ]o-o-w B-Zn-=-X-t, -o-w
B-Zn-=-X-t,-e-d-Kw B-Zn-=-X-t,
C-S-Kw B-Zn-=-X-t. C-tX-nw B
B-Zn-=-X-t-tb-m C-5-In-cw In-I-w, a-\-\w tN--I-w A-lo--I-w
tN-- eo-Z|n B-Zn-eo-X-t c-ao%--e-w, B-Zn-eo X-t ?p-Uo%--e-w,-B-Zn-eo-X-t Z|-|--Jw
A---eo-%--e-w, B-Zn-eo-X-t
B-\-o-%--e--an-bo-p--. A-e
h|-cn-Py-o A-o-go-2-\n-bo-p--.
A-e-m F-n udn-I--jo-w C-ww-u]n-td
h--co-%-en I-ko--. C--t\b-ntX a-tn--eo-[-o A-lo---e uetl-cn-Pn--n-ucn- -So-b-e--an-bo-co-%w.
A-e-%m F-n-udn-I--jo-w h--co-n- h|n-X-yw D-n-bo-co-%-I--ao-.]-c-an-YX-|-t a-[|n-Nn-cy "h|X-"F- eo-jo-%-. C-Xo-t\-bn-m
Cw-up-go "uhn-e-lo" F--]-l---Hm.
H-ucn-ey-2o-%w h|-w ]-c-an-[o-In-c--1m.
h|n-X-y-t udn-I-cn-{--;-tS -cW-L-S-\-bo Aw-Kp-I-co-o---1m. A-Xot A-So-n-\w ]-c-e-f-\n-bo-un-In-
A-Z-hn-n-t-n-m. C-Hm B-Z-n-\w
tIn-1-an-^w Io---Xn-m. B-Z-n\w d-o- h|-cn-o-t\--o ttI-e-udyn-]\o-g-Km 7.8a---jo C--t\ ]-l--.
"--X-an-Zo-a-[yn--eo-ip-\-ua-Iw
-eo-w-No-Zn-\--a--]-a-Zm-Xw
-D-an h-in-bw ]-c-ua-f|-cw 5-w
-ô-udn-N-\w \p-d-I-6w 5--fn-w

-[yn-X|n --\ocm-K--Xo --X-ubn-\ow
-h-a--hn-ow X-a-hx ]-c-n-Xm.
h ~-1n h fo-enx uh-x
-uhn--cx ]-c-ax h|-cn-Sm
-h G-e eo-x h 5n-n-Wx
-h In-udn-lox
ox h N--anx "
-A-Yww::--- B-Z-n-\o B-Zo-a-[yn- c-ioX-w G-I-w eo--=w No-Zn-\--w A--]w A-Zm-X-w D-an-]-Xo-w ]-c-ua-f|-c-w
5--=w ô-u\-^-w \p-d-I-6-w 5-fn-w h-e-N-cn-N-c-\n-Y-w h-e-hn-ow A-eo-Zyn-Xp-X--an-b ~-1-t [yn\-n hn-n-XmI-co-%-. ~-1n-em,
fo-e, C-, A--c-~-1w, 5n-W,
A-lo, In-d, F-nw A-H-X-t-tb-m
a-\-o-dn-%-. -C-5-In-cw Xn X-t-tbnw F--lo--- A-e-o-Xo B-Z-n\w tIn--n-tX hw-Kp-X-tte--gyw tInun ]n-7o-Xyw-tIn-un d-o-%--X-.
(HSw)
en-Iyn-Y-u_n-[-o-\m \n- In-c-W--;-m.

r--I-n-eo-t Xn-Xm]-cy-o- eo---an-b a-u\n-n-e-un---So GXm r-w
en-bo-%--e-%w A-Xo-td A-o-5n-bw H-w A-lo-en-!--X-. F-t-n,
en-Iyn-Y-u_n-[-o-\m B-Inw-, ubn-Ky-X, B-h-2o, Xn-Xm]-cyw F-o--t\
\n- In-c-W--;-m. C-e \n-do-w [-o-m r--]n-cn-b-Ww tN---bn-jo- an-^-ua
r-n-o-5n-bw rInct 2obotS a-\-o-dn-=-I-->. G-tX-o-w eo-g-bo e-2n-eo-w en-Iy-o-- ]-Z--%w ]n-c--cyw D-n-!--Xm B-Inw-
F--tIn-m H- hw--eo-%-uan A-Xm 'ubn-Ky-X' D-Zn:--te-w-tIn-m \-\--. G-H
]-Z--% X-o _---un A-e-tb C-S-eo-Sn-tX D--co-%-I-w F-?-H-I-w tN--Xo-t\ B-h-2o F- ]-l--. F-o-t\ u_n-[o-o-n ]-l--I-w F-?-H-I-w
tN---uen A-H-an-bo B f-p-t _-o-o-%--Xo-\m Xn-Xm]-cyw F-w ]-l--.
f-T-w -cn-r-io-I-;-an-b-e-w eo-eo-[ a-X--w e-2n-eo-t A-o-5n-b-o-\m
eo---an-b A-Yw ta-\--. a-Xn--X \o-ao-w A-e--tS e-o C--o-dn-1 \-fo%--Xn-Wm C-Xo- In-c-Ww. A-Xo-\n XoI, ~n1W, D]\ogKI,
CXoinh, !-cn-W-, ttP-\-r--, _vr, tt_-_o, V-ln
F-o-e-tb uZn-g--wo te-So-m ]-co-ufn-[o-m A-e-bo-- Y-W--tj r-io-w
uZn-g--tj Xy-Po-w a--gy--tS D--Xo-n-bo \ecnbetcnew 5-b-Uo-%-H-u]n-td F--e-w 5-e-o-%--Xm D-No-X-an-bo-co-%w. Cv ]-l- a-X--jo-td
uZn-g--tj onun?w \obaw _n[IanuXnWm. Ae ]-co-ufn-[o%--e-m h-Xyn-h-Xy \o-W-bw tN-bmen-w tN-o-n-w I-ko-w. tX-o--co-o-m
]-c--c eo-ucn-[--n-o X-o X-o-%--Xm eo-Z|n-n-% uN- h|-n-e-a-.
+xn 491 39
39
h\nX\[a hap
-So. eo. -[n-I-c
sXncns lnpaXw
tX-o-n-c-Wn \o--]-Ww
tX-o-n-c-Wn\o--]-Ww \-S-K-un
tX-o-n-c-W-I-;-tS D-l-eo-S--tj-%-lo-w,
-D--c-en-Zo-I-jn-b-e-tc-%-lo-w No-o-u-H-1m. B-Zy-an-bo A-+w \-a-c-h-untS hn-n Cv-f|-c-t\--t H-nw
5-Xo-bn-nw.
-H-nw 5-Xo-bn-b -f|-c-\n
te-jo-t---t- ue-Z-en-Wo-I-;-tS hn-cw
a-\-o-dn-%-en--j-j tte-g-ay-t D-]-ao%-en F-\o-%m ]-Z- Io--o-. ue-Za---;-tS A-Yw r-io-%-en ue-ZnwK--jn-b fo-, I-+w, eyn-I-c-Ww, \o-2w, O--m, uPyn-Xo-gw F-o-e \o-_
--an-w ]-To-u--Xn-m. ue-Z-en-Wo-I
en-bo-n an-^w u]n-cn. h|-c-]n-Tne-do-I-jo \o-u-fo--t- D-n-c-W
-eo-[o-I-ujn-tS tNn-;-I-w ue-Ww. H-
en-o-td -ucn A--c-o-w h|-c-?-a
--1m. h|-c-u-Zw e-n A-Y-u-Zw-e--.
H-uc en-o-m h|-c-u-Zw tIn-1m eo-eo-[
A-Y- D-n-=-. C-Xo-\o- X-t
ue-Z-]-T-\w F-^-an-^w tte-g-ay--j-j-XntW- \--m Dv-io-n-=--uX-->.
Cv-f|-c-u\ a-\-o-dn-%-en--j-j tte-gayw F-^--un A-^-w tte-g-ayw
Cv-f|-c-en-Wo-I-tj a-\-o-dn-%-en-w
D-n-ue--X-u!!. A-un tX-o-n-c-WI-;-tS H-nw D-l-eo-S-=w H-nw 5-Xo-w
Cv-f|-c X-t-tb- \--% \-a-c-hun-tS ]-l-bn-a-un?
-?o- P-\o-%--Xo-w B-bo-cw tIn--% -m \o--2-In-c-\n-b bn--
40
491 40 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
a-i-go F-?-Xo-b-Hm tX-o-n-c-Wn\o-]-W-o H- h-in-bo B-bo-co-%w.

"-B-Zo-a E-go-an ue-Zn-Yw u\-co--I-o-. A-e ue-Zn-Yw u\-co- In-Wn-e-tc a-n-cmYw a---jo--tS D-]-uZ-fo-e-. D-]-uZ-fw e-ko-%m a-n-Yw r-io%-en I-ko-bn--e-n-bo \o-L-1-=w
~n-1-W--;w ue-Znw-K--;w r---]o \o-ao-X-an-bo." bn--a-i-go--tS
Cv-en-%-I-jo \o-w hw-K-Xo--tS
Kv-c-ew \--m r-io-n ]-ew.
Cv-f|-c-\o \o-m u\-co- [-eo--HtIn-1m ue-Z-en-Wo-I-tj -\-Xo F-n-m
]-l-bn-cm. ue-Z-en-Wo-I [-eo--e-%m
A-e--tS "-Cv-f|-c-\n D-u-fo--t-
A-Y-=w" -Cv-f|-cn--r-i-n a-\-odn-%-en hn-[o-o--. C-e ]-c--cbn-bo ue-Z-en-Wo-I-;-tS A-Yw D-]-uZ-fo-tIn--%- hw-eo-[n-\-=w D-n-o-bo-. A-o-t\ !-ul-n-dw Cv-f|-c-\n
D-u-fo--t- A-Y-un---So ue-Zw
]-To-%-I-w Cv ]-T-\-a--h-co-m n-cXp-b Pp-eo-%-I-w tN- H- -e-B-Kw n-c-X-o--n-bo--. !-ul--ko-un ue-Z-]-T-\-o-t A-Xo-I-T-\-an-b
tte-g-ayw \o-ao-w 5--X ]-T-\-o
A-dw-n-e-=w A-d-h-X-w e---So.- ue-Zw
tNn-;-en an-^w ]-To-n a-Xo-tb-w
-f|-c A-Xo-t A-cmYw h|-b-ua-e a-\o-dn-o A--r-io-%-ta---j-j B-f|nh-en-Z- D-n-bo. A--t\ ue-Zn-Yw
h|-+w a-\-o-dn-o-b -lo-tte-Zy-n-tcun--j-j ue-Z]-7o-X-n B-eo--eo-.
In-d-?-ua-W !-c-uW-Xo-in-h--jo-td
B-Jyn-\--;w I-+o-X--jn-b D-]n-Jyn-\-;w -o-%-k-m ue-Zn-Yw eo--co- H-So. H--eo ue-Z--ujn !-cn-uW-Xo-in-h-ujn G-Xn-Wm B-Zyw D-n-b-tX-m
hw-f-bo----eo-[w ]-co-Xn-]-I-c-an-b
\o-d-bo-td-o-u-.
]nw -n-o P-\o- ue-o-San-[-e C-\o-bn-w ue-Z-a---m
A-cmYw ]-l-b--tX--e-tc A--t ue-Z]-7o-X-o-ucn- Xn--uI-W-y-Yo-.
ue-Z-o-t \n-Zw ]o-k-. X-Z|n-cn ue-Z-jo--tS n-]o-X-an-b B-g[-a-o-t
Xn-j-=w ]o-k-. A-uXn-tS hn-[n-c-W-ntc -g-Ww tN-- h-e-B ]v-ucn-ioXyw tIn-So-!-o-en-. -ao-bo-td -c
F- n-\-u-m h|--an-o-b C-e
A-e-co-t+-Sn- a-e n-c-Xp-b-tc A--c-nuc-un-td I--Xo. A--t\ tX-o--co-t- H--!-Xo-b io--a-Xw hw-Pn-X-an-bo.
Pn-Xo-u-Z-=w uZ-e-Xn-u-Z-=--n-bo.
Pn-Xo--tS u]-co a--gy ]-c--cw
"--wo-bo t]-n-w uZn-g--un"cn-bo.
uZ-e-X-I-;-tS u]-co ]-co-]n-e-\-an-b
io--a-X-o tte--e, fn-u2-b,
ttf-e, -Kn-W-]-Xy F-o--t\
]-c--cw I-d-io- c-2-tn-co-o--no-b D-]-a-X---n-bo. eo-uZ-fo-I-%m
io---tj X-I-%-en a-e-e--Hw ue-Wuan... -o-Xo-eo-uf-g--tj A-Xo-Pp-eom C-^-tb-o-w io-- n-c-X-o-n-b-Xm H-c-W-Xw X-t-bn-m. ~-1eo-Zy-% u\-co- -Jx-I-c-an-b ]-co-Wna-t !-lo-m a-in-I-eo !-an-c-\n-fn
C--t\ ]n-So.
-F-tn--tte-#-Xw ~-1-eo-uZy
\o-o-td-n-Wo-n-- tte-]-cp-Xyw
-\o-W-bw \o-u-un ]n-co-d-u[n-KXo
eo-B-e Kw-K---n-bo-..
(H-S-w)
... an-J-an\m ]o-J-an-\n-Nn-cy-en\m !--ugn ue-Z ...
C-H f-X-]-Y-~n-1-W-o-- H- en-Iy-an-!-. en--ew ]-l--I-bn-tW-o,

an-Xn-em, ]o-Xn-em, B-Nn-cy F-p -m D--an-yn-]-I-n-tc d-o- H--e an-^-ua
A-lo-=--e-\n-. [n-ao-I-w ]-To---e--an-b an-Xn-]o-Xn--;--e-\n-Wm n-Ky-en!
B !-d-an-Wm [-\yw. a--m F-^-un-jw D-]-uZ-f-=w D-]-In-c-=w an-Xn-eo
\o-m d-o-%-uan A-^-un-jw a-n-co \o-w d-o-%-I-bo-. A--m h|-h-n-\-ujn-Sm D-n-!- en-e-dyw a-tn-cn-%w D-n-=--X-. t]-- a--;-tS io-X-t
C-o-%--H-u]n-td a-tn-cn C-o-%-I--ao-. A-Xo-\n-dn-Wm- an-J-an 5-f--w
[-a-X-+-c--an-b an-Xn-=--e F- ]-l-o-co-%--Xm. K-n-[n-\w -X-m
eo-Zyn-yn-hw I-ko---H e-tc h|-h-n-\--m hv-fp-dyw D-]-uZ-fo-%- A-bn-Wm ]-c-a-[-\y.- -K-n-[n-\-o-\m -w K-n-[n-\-In-d-Kw A-Xo- uf-g-=w
an-Xn-]o-Xn--n a-Zyw -X-dn-b an-Z-I-]-Zn-Y--uj-w --=w -K----e-w
e-o-f-2o-tb \-fo-o-%--e--an-b B-in-c-]-Zn-Y--uj-w e-Po-m h-an-[n-\w,
B-ucn-Kyw, _-dw, e-o, ]-cn-?-aw, hv-fp-dyw, F-o-e-bn h-y-X-tb D-n-%-
t\-m, ]n, a--cn-- -X-dn-b ]-Zn-Y--tj fp-do-%--Xn-Wm G--=w D-No-Xw.
A-5-In-cw tN---Xn-bn A-e--tS ep-cy-c-P--I uZn-g-c-io-X--;w A-Xz--a
Y-W--W-=-an-!w.- cn-uPn-Z-f-\-o-t A-nw Zo-e-hw -X ]-Xo-\n-lnw Zo-e-hw
e-tc-bn-Wm K-n-[n-\-o- eo-[o-o-co-%- In-dw. A-e-bo B-Zy-t \n--\n
e-Py--jn-Wm. uf-g-- ]--1 Zo-e-h--jo ]-Xo-t\n-n-a-t-w ]-Xo--n-at-w Zo-e-h- H-ko-tI _n-o-- ]-K cn-ô-I-jo K-n-[n-\w tN---Xm
D--aw. CXnWm BueZnNncyntS D]uZfw.
... an-J-an\m ]o-J-an-\n-Nn-cy-en\m !--ugn ue-Z ...

+xn 491 41
41
BNncy]w
h|. \uc
\ucg
g
arXypRvPba\\w
\n-dnw d--Ww: -t-o-b D-en--I-k-o-t \n-dnw d--Ww A-Xo-t
c-h-t H-H-o D-o e-n-- I-koeo-n--bn-Wm. ]-kw t]n-o an-X-jw !-l-Ke-w. F-t -]-o an-^w B-#-w-\nbn u]n-cn, F-t ,-Z-bw H-l- u\n-&
a--c -co-X-an-Wm F- ]-l-w-u]n-td
uXn-w. ue-, Rn X-t H-l--Xcnw. F-t Xo-co--lo- F--]-l-m h|bw ,-Z-bw H-l--Xn-Wm an-X-j-a--t\-
uXn-w. \o--;-tS ,-Z-b-=w C-H-u]n-td-X--P-\--;-tS -w Zn-i-=w A-I-n
H-l-m c-hw ]-I--uan? \o--;-tS ,-Z-bw
c-h-c-io-X-an-tW-o -uc-m a-Ww ]-c-K-Hw B-I-g-I--]w In-Wo-%--Hw
B-Z-e--\-bn-Wm te-jo-bo In---H
X-t A-I-Kw D-n-bo-co--Ww. ,-Z-bo -h-c-h-X D-t-o-ud h-c-h|-Xo
\o-K-jo-&. A-H ]n-\w tN-n B-;-Im hw-J-o--n-!w. b-Z--cw X-Zm_n-iyam !-l-ua B-I-g-Iw A-I-ua h-c-hw.
-D-en--I--o h|-bw an-e-c-. Hn-ucn
d--W-=w X-\o-%- -uN--uan F- u\n%-I. uN--ta-o an-^-ua -Xz-]n-fo \o- eo--X uNn-Zo-n->. H-n-aXm en-h-\n-tR--m A-e-uen F- u\n-Ww. ]o-t X-t !-Wy-en-h-\ h-e-^
5-h-co-%-un F- u\n--Ww. -n-a-Xm
_n-iy--]w B-I-g-I-an-uWn F-w
\n-dn-a-Xm ,-Z-b-]n-^w A-\y-% ue-o
H-l-o-co-%-un F-w u\n--Ww. C-to B-!w-e-tc A--~n-\- H-S-c-Ww.
-A-nw d--Ww c-hw \o-l- D-en--
42
491 42 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
I--kw t]n-o-te-So-%w. A--cw ]-k-o\m a--c-ua-c-ta-m udn-I--lo-bnw. A-e

A-uX en-. en-o I-g-Wo-m H- I-gWw en-bo-do--un -]-l-w in! F-
a--cw, I--w u]n-td! uX-u]n-td
h|n-Zm! I-1 \o---bn-jo-t en-bo tew \o-l-w. F-\o-%m H- I-g-Ww F-
]-l-w F-n-e-%w Hn-ucn- ep-Xw Io-. F-n-e-%w H-uc A-o-5n-bw: h|nZo-~w X-t: a--eo-t\ te-;- an--cyw.!
--K-w ]-c-K-I-w , B-I-g-I--]w
In--I-w, A-I-ua h-c-h-an-bo-co-%-I-w
an-^-a-: a--cw \o-l-o-co-%-I--an-Wm,
D-en--I-o. -C-H-u]n-td !-l-K-e- en-Wo a--c-ao-b--Xn-bn an-^w
-u]n-cn: A-Xo-t 5--e-n-\-an-b ,-Z-bw
a--c--co-X-an-bo-co-%-I-w ue-Ww. h-c-h|Xp-5-en-iw A--b-an-tW-o A-Xo-t
5--e-n-\w a--cw \o-l--H-an-I-Ww.
Po-i|n-bn A-ur a-x Po-i|n --ud a--d-Iam \n-e--K uX: \n-eo-H-o uXudn-Iw. -D-en--I--k-o-t ]n-I-an-I
A-lo-bn Cv A-nw d--Ww -u\n-otn-=-I. A-x-I-c-W-t a--udn-I-an%-I. ]o-t -Xz ]n-f-o-\o- uan-N\w u\-So-bn a-Xo.
-B-lnw d--Ww D-en--I--k-o-t
D-o c-h--o-S-m a--c--m. a--c-o-S-m G-I--]-X-w. ]n-I-an-I-do-t
B-lnw d--W-an-Wo-Xm. A-Xm A-I-ua
G-I-c-h-=w G-I--]-=w G-I-\o-l-=-anWm. te-jo-bo-td tte-eo-[yw A-Xo-t
A-I-m 5-n-e-eo-uf-g-tan-w D-n-%-
o-. F--t\ D-n-In-\n-Wm? Cv \o-lw

~-1-Z--an-W-un. ~-1-o-t -]-=w
c-h-=w \o-l-=w G-I-an-Wm. ]o-t
--t\ A-H \-o-b \o-l-o o--X
e-w! ~-1w A-ttZ|-X-an-Wm, D-en--I-k-o-t ,-Z-b-=w A-ttZ|-Xw.
---un! ,-Z-b-o ]-c-I. A-eo-tS-w
Cv A-ttZ|-X n-e-\ -dw ]o-So--uen?
C-t-o A-eo-tS -dw \--I. ue-tlno-w A-eo-tS n-\w \-o-&-Sn. h-a-udn-I-=w A-eo-tS n-\w ]o-So--t. ]
o-t, \--m u\n-nw, \p A--X-X|-o-\m
A-[o-In-co-ubn A-\-[o-In-co-ubn F-m.
-ttI-tXn-Sn-tX X-t tR--m ue-lo-w.
]o-t -uXyn-cm-p-b -uXyn-cm-p-b
F- eo-jo---ue--H-ao-.
-G-knw d--Ww G-kn-a-t d--Ww
eo-Kw ]-k-=w X-o-td A-I-d-an-Wm.
eo-m ]-k-o-t an-X-j-o I-b-lo-boco-%-o-. ue-lo- \o--. -Hn-ucn Po-n-=w Cv D-Zn-i-c-W-o-\o-m ]-To-u-Xm. -Xz-_--\-o \o- eo-Sn,
en-h-\-I-tj te-So-n an-^w u]n-cn,
A-e--tS _p-P--tj A-e Y--=w -=w B-bn-w te-So-b-W-ta-n-Wm. _n-iyen-h-\-I-;-tS tN-lo-tbn- R-c- u]n-w
!-\-_--\-o- e-ko-tbn--%--H-tInm A-x-I-c-W-o ep-W hw-n-c-_pP-=w -Xz-_--\-o- In-c-W-an-bo-pcnw. A-Xo-\n Pp-e-\-^-d-t ]-co-]-I|an-n _n-iy-en-h-\-I-jo \o- eo-X ue--H-u]n-td, A-x-I-c-W-o
ep--Io-S-%- hw-n-c-_p-P--tj-w
\o-ub-gw C-n-Xn--Ww. Cv D-]-a--tS
G-knw d--W-o-\o-m A-lo-ub--Xm
C-H an-^w; ,-Z-b-o-\-Iw h|--=w uZn-gc-io-X-=-an--Ww.
-F-nw d--Ww \n-dn-a-t-w A-n-at-w d--Ww e-Wo--ue D-en--I-
-k-o-t D-o-td G-I-c-h-X, G-I-]w -F-o-e-tb hw-_-o-m eo--co-.

en--e-o an-X-j-a- ]-k-o-t
_n-iy--]-=w n-e-=w A-Xo-\o- o-an-Wm. !-ul-e-gw -]m B-I-o-I-an-bo
H- an-X-j-a- ]-k-o-t !-l-m eoc-udn-So--ue D-b- \o-- n-K-
F-^-tb- u\n-n-tX X-t ]-t-m
F-Bo. P-]-an-d-bo F-Bo-un-!w
u]n-td! D-en--I-o-\m Z-fnw-Y-dw F-
u]--e-cn In-c-W-ta-t-m A-u\|-go-u]n- F-\o-m D--cw Io-o. -a--gyn!
\p \o-t c-1 ttI-I-;w D-]-ubn-Ko-m
F-C-I. H- ttI D-]-ubn-Ko-n A-u
Io-. \o-t Pp-eo-Xw h-^-d-an-I-W-tao c-1 ttI-I-jo-td-w eo-c--]-ubn-Kom F-Bo-p--Ww. c-1 ttI-I-jo-tdw eo-c--I h-e-^ ]-Xo-b-Ww.
B-cn-w F-Bo-b-tXn-w \p K-Wo-m h|w u]-co uN---Xm. A--t\ tN--Xm fn-]-an-bo-p-w. !-Wyw
tN---Xm e--e-w: ^-dw A---eo-%-Xm \p-w F- e---Sn. #-Xw ua
Z-o-uW i-hmuX P-ubn ua h-ey
B-io-X F-t e-d-H-I-o !--gnY-=w C-S-Xo h-^-d-X-w F- \o-\m h-K-ew ]-l-bn I-ko-b-Ww. G-H
^-d-o-dn-uWn F-t C--ttI-I-;-tSw Z-fnw-Y-do (]-K eo-c) ]-Xo---Xm
A-Xo-t\ h|-bw D-]-un-Kw tN-w: A-\y
-%w \-w F- ]-l--I. an-X-j-a-
]-k-o-t D-b- \o-- n-K-
]-K eo-c-do-t-w !--gn-Y-o-tw hn-^-dy-o-t-w 5-Xp-I-an-bo-co%w-u]n-td, ]--n-u\-o-b--;-tS-w
]--I-ua-o-b--;-tS-w 5-Xp-I-=-an-Wm.
Pp-eo-X-^-d-o-t D-]-d-to Cv C-o-b
an-[y-a--jo--tS-ub hw--eo-&. Cv ^-d A-o-d-go-n-Xo-co-%--bn-jn-Wm
(H-S-w)
b-Yn-Y !--ugn--a.
w ENw enNw 5]uZy,

]uZy, au\n bx
b x 5]uZy,
]uZy, hna 5nWw
nWw 5]uZy,
]uZy,
NExx u[n^w
u
w 5]uZy.
]uZy. enuKnPx hivuPn abo 5nWn]n\v..
nWn]n\v..
(bueZw 36. 1)
+xn 491 43
43
uNnZyw
\o;w
Dcw
KvXaw
tNmtZymc
u]n%InUo am{Xw wanbo uNnZyta?Xo
KvXa Bg\nZw X]n t]o28 tN689 121 F eodnhodb%I.
B-o-Nn-c-=w -a--en-Z-=w
F.-eo.-\n-b, F-?-a-f?-A-Y-e-ue-Z-o- A-[-a-X|w I-+o-o-un?=C-. N-H-ue-Z--tj- ]-l---Xo
\o-m C-Hm tX-jo--. ue-Z-^-bo F-
5-ubn-Kw n-\w I-aw D-]n-h-\ F-oe-ub-w -Xo, 5n-Y-\, hn-n-XmIn-cw
F-o-e-ub-w !-lo-%- n-\-o-t
t]n-H-eo-uf-g-W-an-m.?- A-Y-e-o B-o-Nn-c-=w -a--en-Z=w D-t- ]-l---Xo-t h-Xyn-e-tb-m?= I- A-hw-_--an-m B ]-l-o.
-a--en-Z-ta--H X-t Xo-I- A-eo-f|n-h-an-m. a--o-m a-\-\w-tN-n
c-o-%--Hm F-n-W-Qw-(a-\-\n-Xm
^n-b-uX) a-\-\w tN-n-tX hn--io-I-eo--I-a-ta-u CeotS A-Y-ta--u-2.? ue-Z- A-~n-1-W-% \-o P-\-Ipb-an-%--Hm A-e--tS ]-eo-^-X-tb _n-[o%-uan?=ue-Zw ]-To-n ey-e---m. B-eye- ]n-do-m B-%w ]-To-nw. AwuKn-]nw-K- ]-To-o-u ue-Zn-[y-b-\w
H-S-n-> F--Xn-m B ey-e-. A-Hm
Po-n--eo-u\ I-ko-. A-Xo-\n ueZ- P-\-Ip-b-an-!- A-e- D-n-=I-bo-. J--m C-e ]-To-m ue-Zn-[y-b-\-anInw.?-ue-Z--jo-td C--w !-cn-W--jo-td
C--w X-o F-n-m ey-Xyn-hw?= ue-Z--jo C--m ]-c-an-Zn-em, Pp-en-
44
491 44 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
Zn-=m, cn-Pn-em, A-[o-] F-p A-Q-;-m. !-cn-W--jo-td C- ô-eo-w]-o-td cn-Pn-en-b uZ-ue--\n-m. ô-eoww= So-_-m.?- uin-a-bn-Kn-Zo-I ey-Q-an-b ]-W-td-en-tW--en-Zw h-Xy-an-uWn?= --Ww I-ko-%--Hm P-T-cn-lo-bo-ud-%m
ua-[y-e-- ]n-I-an-o uin-ao--dnm. bn-Kw h-ew-K-=w Zn-\-=w uN-
D--a-!-g-tc B-Z-co---S-n-m. Uph I-o-%--Hm eo-g-en-X-I \oanW-a-u? t\-m I-K-un C-Xo-m ]-coin-c-an-!w. a-Zy-]n-\-o- tN-d-e-n-%-
]-W-o-t ]-o-tdn-m fn-p-b-uina-o- tN-d-en-o-bn en---P-d---ao
I-o--n-!w. G-H E-go-bn-m bn-Kw
ey-Q-ta- ]-l---Hm? B--\o-IE-goan-%m H-w ]-To-n-tX F-w ]-l-bn
A-[o-In-c ]-^w \n-a-u tIn--o-co-%-Xm?? hn-a-ue-Zw Cv-W-o tNn--W-ta-
]-l---Xo-t fn--ta-n-m?= cn-K- fn-p-b-an-bo B-d-]o--Wta--Xo-td fn-w X-t.? hn--io-I hw-eo-[n-\-o-t tte-Zo-Ian-K-ua-Xm?= fn-p-b-an-b Nn-H-e-Wy-ey-e-
]-co-]n-do-.?-a-c-Wn-\--c-?o-b-I-;-tS 5n-[n-\yw?=]---X-\o-ao-X-an-b f-cp-c-t A-Xot In-c-W--X--jo-ud-%m A-Xo-ue-Kw
a-S-o-tb-o- F- 5n-[n-\y-ua
C-Xo--=. ]-co-h-c-a-do-\p-I-c-Ww X-S-b-dnm -Jy-d-yw.K-W-]-Xo-uin-aw

-i-co-Zn-h, a-d--lw.?-cn-an-b-W-o F-^ -h-Kw D-m? C-e-tS eo--P-\w F-o-t A-So-n-\-odn-m?= en-8p-Io cn-an-b-Ww _n-d-In-7w,
A-ubn-[yn-In-7w, B--c-Wy-In-7w,
Io-lo-n-In-7w --c-In-7w --In7w F-o--t\ B-c-In-7--jn-w
A-e, Hn-ucn-w b-Yn-?-aw eo-g-bn-[o-~oX-an-b 77,119,75,67,68,111 F-p h-K--jnw c-No-o-co-%-. B-tI B-c-In-7w,
517 h-K- F-o--t\-bn-m c-N-\n?-aw. 5-o--an-b D--c-In-7-o 111
h-K--;-m. ]o-p-Sm B-ucn F-?-Xo-u-tX-n-m5-o--o-m A-Yw.?-K-W-]-Xo-uin-aw I-ko-n A-Hm Y-Wn--e-uan x-J-In-c-I-an-uWn F-tn-t
5-e-No-%-. eo-f-Z-an-%-uan?= K-W-]-Xo-%m N-cn-N-cn-[o-] F-Qw. K-W-]-Xo-uin-aw 5-#-Xo B-Zn-em
F-o-e--tS f-2o-%w I-o-%w ue-o
A--~o-%- tte-Zo-I-I-a-an-m. A-Xo
u]n-cn--e-cnw. A-H an-n uin-a-?o-bbo h|o-w-#-Zn-*-Xo F- 5n-b-Lo-w
eo-[o-o-co-%-. A-H-tN-n-a-Xo. 5-Tw
e- u\n-o Y-W-uZn-g eo-ue-N-\w ue-.
A--t\-tbn- eo-[o uin-a-?o-b-bo
C--Xn-w.? eo-f|n-ao-^ cn-a-d-K-W-n-%m _-d
A-Xo-_-d a---;-]-uZ-fo- F--]-l-. ]-u a-w F-?-Xo-n--o-.
G-Xn-Wm B a-w?=a-w C-Xn-Wm-A--uXn-_-d-a-o uX-Px
A-Xo-_-dn Ac-mn-o -bx. P-]o-un-;.B-Z-i-Xy
-tI.-B. a-, Xo--e-\--!-cw?-B-Z-i-Xy F- 5-ubn-Kw f-co-ubn?
f-cp-cw A-u \-fo-%--Hm? f-cp-cw ]---
Xn-Z-I-an-bo an-lo ue-ul f-cp-cw I-a-a-h-co-m h|p-I-co-%-. B-Zn-em bn-^-H-S- F--X-u f-co?=B-Z-i-Xy F- 5-ubn-Kw f-co-bn-m.
hw-h-#-X-o B-Z-hw--m Rn-
A-iw-u_n-[w- F-n-W-Qw. f-cp-c-\nf-o hw--eo-%--Hm A-iw-u_n-[i-\-\-an-m. I-l-ho-u\n-m Xp-te- \-fon A-Xo-t -d-In-c-W-an-b lo-h-eo-(h|-Ww lo-h-em _n-o e-o-n-W-un
I-l-ho A--So-%-I) -in-\o-e-cn--H
-u]n-td H- f-cp-cw \-fo-n A-Xo-td
B-Z-X-|w i-\o--t--o-. I-a
-^-d-a--h-co-m !-Xo-b f-cp-cw Io-w.
h|-m lo-h-eo-t- I--X -dy-o-t eo-d---h-co-m !-Xo-b I-l-ho-u\n-m
A--So-%w u]n-td. -dy-o-d-[o-Iw eo-d- I-l-ho A--So- eo-Sn-lo-, eo-n
A-Hm I---an-!-a-un C-H-X-t-bn-m
I-a-I-a-^-d ey-e--w.5--Xo-I-co--In-Wn--Hm F--tIn-m?-ho.-Po N--uan-i, H--n-dw.? ~-1-!-an-co-hm Cv-f|-cp-b eo-f|-eo-Zynd-b 5-N-co-o-%- h-Xy--K-5n-o-w
ue-Zn--]-c-an-b -2o-w X-o F-to-w hn-ay--un? ue-Zn--o- \o-cn- G-tX-nw In-cy--jn-m A-e
5-N-co-o-%--Hm? cn-P-ubn-Kn-[o-~o-Xta- ]-l-m tX-n-b-In-cy- 5-N-coo-%--Xo-t\-Xo-tc ue-Zn-o-I 5-Xo-Ico--In-Wn--Hm F--tIn-m?=Cv-f|-cp-b eo-f| eo-Zyn-d-b-o \o-m
~-1-!-an-co-I P-\-a-[y-o C-l-o
!-ul Po-n---tj B-I-go-%--1m.
]-u A-e \-- n-\-=w Po-nhn-f-a-\o-w A-tte-Zo-I-=w A-fn-p-b=w X-o-ao-w e-ko-tX-o-%--H-an-m.
A-u\-I-d-w A--bn-bo-I-;--H tIn-m
B an-\w f-co-bn-I-W-ta-o-. B-!ta-o C--t -co-]--a-X-o
F-n--a-m an-Kw -So-bn a-Xo-bn-bo--un. 1200, 4,800 F-o--t\ !-ul
e-g- I-do--Kn-Zo-I-jn-bo \-o-bn-m
+xn 491 45
45
In-d-K-W-\ \o-F-io-%--Hm. cn-P-ubn-Kta-w -2o-ubn-K-ta-w a-e-- ubn-Keo--P-\w A-u A-fn-p-b-an-m. ]-X-do C--t\ ubn-Kw eo--Po-o-o-. ubn-Kw
No--?-o \o-ucn-[-an-tW-m a-i-go
\o-e-No-o--1-Xn-w. ]-X--do-ub-n
e-do-b ubn-K-Z-f-\-In-c-t\ A-e-X-co-o%--H-X-t !-ul I-S- I-n-m. ue-Zn-]-c-an-b -2o 36000 5n-e-fyw -wo-w
5-j-b-=w hw--eo-%- In-d-b-j-en-tWw !-\--Xm]-o-%- h|n-X-y-an-m
A-tX-w \o-F-No-o--1m. ue-Zn-o-I
u]n-w Cv tte-Zo-I-Z-f-\-o
hw-f-bn---;w Po-n-h-bo A-dw-neo-I-;-an-m. -2o-bo-\o-m !-\--Xm]o-tb- fn-p-b-ho-n-w Aw-Kp-Ico-n-tX ue-Zw A-]v--ug-b-an-tW-m
ho-o-%-I-bo-. ue-Z-ao-t-o ]o-t-
ue-Zn-w? ue-Zn-o-I-;-tS fn-n-Q eof-Zp-I-c-W-]n-S-ew A--ao--Xn-m ]-d-Xcw A-tte-Zo-I-[---;-tS-w B-eo-ne-o- In-c-W-an-b-Hm. tX-n-b e-ko-ub
u]n-!--Xo-w \-m A-I-a-Wy-X X-t.
X-w B--[-an-o-b f--cn-Nn-cy--tS
fo-gy-n C-m X-w ]n-]-an-tW-
5-N-co-o-%-! \yn-b-=w \p-Xo-w X-=w Z-f-\-o \o--an-o-bn A-tteZo-I-=w A-fn-p-b-=-an-b A-\yn-b--;w
A-\p-Xo-I-;w 5-N-co-%w.?-~n-1-W F- ]-l-n A-Ytam. B-cn-W-Hm?= ~-1-Wo = ~-1-o-(\o-m)-K-Xo u\--bn ~n-1-W hw--m A-i-\nm. ~-1-o-m ue-Z-ta-w A-Y--m.
ue-Zn-[y-b-\w b-Yn-ubn-Kyw Aw-K-5-Xyw-K
h-io-Xw tN--bn-jn-m ~n-1-W. a--Xo-bo ]-l----(1.88)
A-[yn-]-\-a-[y-b-\w b-P-\w bn-P-\w
X-Yn Zn-\w 5-Xo-r-iw ttN-e
~n-1-Wn-\n-w I-+-b-Xm.
A-Yw:- ~n-1-W-\n-am= ~n-1-W--tS(I-aw) A-[yn-]-\-am A-[y-b-\-am = ]-To-o-w ]-To--w b-P-\-am X-Yn = b-w
46
491 46 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
tN--w tN-o--w, A-H-u]n-td Zn-\-am

5-Xo-r-i-am N G-e-Zn-\w tN--w en-w (F-p B-tl-Bw) A-I-+-b-Xm =
eo-[o--to-co-%-. C-e Hn-ucn-o-w
A---X-an-b Y-W--;w h|-n-e--;w
I-a--ujn-tSn-w hw-Pn-X-an-bo-tn-=w.
C-e-bo Zn-\w en--\--tX-t-o-w
]-To-o-%-I-w b-w tN-o-%-I-w tNo-m 5-Xo-r-iw - Z-o-W- Zn-\w en--Hm D--a-an-b D-]-Pp-e-\-an-K-an-tW-m
Z-bn-\--a-i-go hw-n-c-eo-[o-bo \oW-bo- X-o--m. ~-1 F- -5n-Xo]n-Zo-I-n A-wn-[yn-bo-bo-td
X-Z-[p-uX X-uZ|-Z F- -^-5-In-cw-(4.2.58)
G-H ]-To-%--uen A-Xo A-lo-=-bn F--Q-o A-Wm 5-Xyw e-w.
A-un ~-1+A-Wm= ~n-1-W B-!w.
eyn-I-c-W+A-m=tte-bn-I-c-Wx F-
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f-uan-Z-a--]x fv-Nw n-o-cn-cmP-eua e-N. n-\w eo-n-\-an-o-Iyw
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C-S-eo-Sn-tX h-un-gw d-o-%-o-S-an-Wm
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d-o-%-ta-m ue-uZn-2o. A-Xn-b-Xm \n-\nn-K--jo \o- u\n-o-bn-w A-Bo-wan-b (uB-f-ao-n- , uB-f--n-n-)
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+xn 491 47
47
I-a--tj-nw b--an-!-. -Sn-tX B

I-a--jo \o-t-nw Y-W--n-!-I-w
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en-Im I-a--tj-nw \--u\n-Zyn-\-an-!-.
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A-u-i-=-an-bo G-e--n-t\-o. h-I-dcp-Xo-bo-w -h--an-b tth-\yw f-eo-t\ H-c-o-ubn-So-. an-^-a- A-bcn-Pn-eo-t\ \n-Ww tI--o a-o- eo-
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a--o-. \n-dn-;-tS -J-m u\n-n
X-t A-u-i-o-\m a-So-bn-bo. B-ucn-w
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+xn 491 49
49

CXnlmkIYm]m{X\matImiw
hnZI - [paXo.
paXo. ueZcWo
ueZc
1
Aco
Acow
:-- tteeh|Xaeot !^
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Aco
u\ao7 :-- AnXenhIndt
(a.n.BZo:-- 75.17)
hiuZet u]cm. (a.n. eocnSm 10.5)
2
Acow :-- H Ac. _dotS !^
Aco
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Aco
u\ao8 :-- [p#t H ]cynbw
. Iwh \oufn H Inj (a.n. DuZynKw 71.5)
tS ]w m [p#t\ e[on F Aco
Acowuh\
uh\ :-- H Ivce] cnPnem
o. #u\nuSeo aco.
(a.n.fdyw 6.3)
Acowu\ao
Aco
u\ao1 :-- eo\oXtS Bc!^nco Acoic :-- Newfotd HcnPnem.
Hcn. (a.n.BZo. 65.40) cyewfo
]oXnem AenNp\, anXnem eoZ
td hKct ncy aXo Acowu\ao cnP!ancobnb acynZ, ncy AwK cnP
tS !ôbnm. (cnanbWw. _nd. 38.4)
!anco, !^ ainva. (a.n. BZo.
2
Acowu\ao
Aco
u\ao :-- Ify]m Acowu\ao F
95.18-19)
w u]1m. (cnan.Iolo. 66.4.), (a.n.fn AP
P :-- cneWt Abnbo. H cn
o 208.8.) Acowu\ao ~n1Wanin
h (a.n.e\w 285.2, icoewfw 41.84)
Zyt%lom ejtc Ipo
AW
W :-- Ify]m Z!ôbnb 5n[
In. (a.n.BcWyw 184. 17--22)
bonb aI. (a.n. BZo 65.51)
Acowu\ao
Aco
u\ao3 :-- cyewfobnb hKct
AW
W :-- Ify]m eo\Xbo Dnb
B[ynZoI Y. (a.n.fno. 288.5-46.)
!^. KUt huinZc (a.n. BZo.
Acowu\ao
Aco
u\ao4 :-- Zt \ndm t]a; 16.23, 24.16 e\ 3.68) PUneotw
tS nem. (icoewfw 3.31)
hnZouSw ]oXnem. (en.cnanbWw
Acowu\ao
Aco
u\ao5 :-- Ify]t cnat
BcWyw 14, (a.n. BZo. 66.71)
!^. (a.n.fno. 208.8.)
AW
W :-- H hw (a.n. avhdw
Acowu\ao
Aco
u\ao6 :-- bat H hZhy
4.13)
(a.n. hn 8.9)
(H-S-w)
bn-\y-n-IMm --N-co-Xn-\o Xn-\o X|-ubn-]n-hyn-\o u\n C-X-cn-Wo
[-an---X- I-a-w h|p-I-co-%I \o-yI-a-w Xy-Po-%-I.
tmI]cnNbw
bXo\n hnioXyhZIjo Gtl 5Nncw u\So. 5[n\ #XoI _nudn]uZfw

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\nSIw, uZepainZyw, AjIn!cpeB\w, Injoba\w, \ncZNo, ttI tIno
jonI HSobe. !ocnP F H _oZw [pdw Xo\n \Io. H
anoI Sobnbo Cuiot PpeoXIndw 1857 X 1916 etcbnbo.
50
491 and
50 published
+xnby
N. Vedaprakash, Dayananda Bhavan, Narendrabhooshan road, Chengannur 689 121, owned by
Printed
- uaSwDayananda
Bg\nZw
N.
Vedaprakash,
Bhavan, Chengannur
689 121 and Printed at Amrita Bharathi Press, Chengannur 689121, Kerala and
published at Dayananda Bhavan, Narendrabhooshan road, Chengannur 689 121 Kerala. Editor : Kamala Narendrabhooshan.

Arshanadam 491

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