19.

BOATS AND STREAMS

IMPORTANT FACTS AND FORMULAE
1.In water ,the direction along the stream is called downstream and ,the direction against
the stream is called !stream.
".I# the s!eed o# a $oat in still water is %m&hr and the s!eed o# the stream is '
%m&hr,then(
speed downstream=(u+!"m#$r%
speed upstream=(u&!"m#$r.
).I# the s!eed downstream is a %m&hr and the s!eed !stream is $ %m&hr,then (
speed 'n st'(( water=)#*(a++!"m#$r
rate o, stream=)#*(a&+!"m#$r
SOL-ED E.AMPLES
E.%)%A man /an row upstream at 0 "mp$ and downstream at )1"mp$%,'nd man2s
rate 'n st'(( water and t$e rate o, /urrent%
Sol. Rate in still water*1&"+1,-./%m&hr*0.1 %m&hr.
Rate o# crrent*1&"+1,2./%m&hr*1.1 %m&hr.
E.%*% A man ta"es 3 $ours 45 m'nutes to row a +oat )5 "m downstream o, a r'er
and *$ours31m'nutes to /oer a d'stan/e o, 5"m upstream% ,'nd t$e speed o, t$e
r'er /urrent 'n "m#$r%
So(% rate downstream*+11&) 3/%m&hr*+1145&11/%m&hr*5%m&hr.
Rate !stream*+1&" 6/%m&hr*+14"&1/%m&hr*"%m&hr.
S!eed o# crrent*1&"+52"/%m&hr*1%m&hr
E.%3% a man /an row )6 "mp$ 'n st'(( water%'t ta"es $'m t$r'/e as (on7 to row up as
to row down t$e r'er%,'nd t$e rate o, stream.
So(% 7et man8s rate !stream $e 9 %m!h.then ,his rate downstream*)9%m!h.
So,"9*10 or 9*9.
Rate !stream*9 %m&hr,rate downstream*". %m&hr.
:ence,rate o# stream*1&"+".29/%m&hr*9 %m&hr.
E.%4% t$ere 's a road +es'de a r'er%two ,r'ends started ,rom a p(a/e A8moed to a
temp(e s'tuated at anot$er p(a/e 9 and t$en returned to A a7a'n%one o, t$em moes
on a /:/(e at a speed o, )* "m#$r8w$'(e t$e ot$er sa'(s on a +oat at a speed o, )1
"m#$r%', t$e r'er ,(ows at t$e speed o, 4 "m#$r8w$'/$ o, t$e two ,r'ends w'(( return
to p(a/eA ,'rst;
So(% ;learl< the c<clist mo'es $oth wa<s at a s!eed o# 1" %m&hr.
The $oat sailor mo'es downstream = +1,-5/i.e.,15 %m&hr and !stream = +1,25/i.e.,
>%m&hr.
So,a'erage s!eed o# the $oat sailor*+"4154>&15->/%m&hr
*5"&1 %m&hr*0.5 %m&hr.
since the a'erage s!eed o# the c<clist is greater ,he will retrn ta A #irst.
E.%5% A man /an row 0 < "mp$ 'n st'(( water%', 'n a r'er runn'n7 at )%5 "m#$r an
$our8't ta"es $'m 51 m'nutes to row to a p(a/e and +a/"8$ow ,ar o,, 's t$e p(a/e;
So(% S!eed downstream *+..1-1.1/%m&hr*9 %m&hr?
S!eed !stream*+..121.1/%m!h*>%m!h.
7et the re@ired distance $e 9 %m.then,
9&9-9&>*1,&>,.
"9-)9*+1&>410/
19*11
9*).
:ence,the re@ired distance is )%m.
E.%=% In a stream runn'n7 at *"mp$8a motar +oat 7oes ="m upstream and +a/"
a7a'n to t$e start'n7 po'nt 'n 33 m'nutes%,'nd t$e speed o, t$e motar+oat 'n st'((
water%
So(%let the s!eed o# the motar$oat in still water $e 9 %m!h.then,
>&9-" ->&92"*))&>,
119
"
2"5,9255*,
119
"
2"5"9-"9255*,
+92""/+119-"/*,
9*"".
E.%0%A man /an row 41"m upstream and 55"m downstream 'n )3 $ours a(so8 $e
/an row 31"m upstream and 44"m downstream 'n )1 $ours%,'nd t$e speed o, t$e
man 'n st'(( water and t$e speed o, t$e /urrent%
So(.let rate !stream*9 %m&hr and rate downstream*< %m&hr.
Then,5,&9 -11&< *1)A+i/ and ),&9 -55&< *1,
Mlti!l<ing +ii/ $< 5 and +i/ $< ) and s$tracting ,we get(11&<*1 or <*11.
S$stitting <*11 in +i/,we get(9*1.
Rate in still water *1&"+11-1/%m!h*0%m!h.
Rate o# crrent*1&"+1121/%m!h*)%m!h