CE 2303 RAILWAYS, AIRPORTS , DOCKS and HARBOURS

B E Civil Engineering 3
rd
Year
!"
Se#e$!er Anna Univer$i!% Reg&la!i'n$ R 200(
TYPES ) LISTS
Unit 1
0
*
T%+e$ ', Tran$+'r! -a$ed
'n !"e L'.a!i'n
0
2
Li$! !"e vari'&$ /'dern
,'r#$ ', Rail0a%$
Li$! !"e di,,eren!
,'r#$ ', O0ner$"i+$
', Rail0a%$ in India
A Land Transport - Highways A Bullet Trains A Old Guarantee System
B Land Transport - Railways B Magnetic Levitation B State onstruction
and Ownership
Land Transport -
!nderground "ipes
RO # RO Modi$ied Guarantee
System
% &ater Transport # Ocean
Sur$aces
% MonoRail % 'ationalisation
( &ater Transport # Ocean #
!ndersea
( Tu)e Train ( *ntegration and
Regrouping
+ &ater Transport - *nland
&aterways
+ %ou)le %ec,er Train + Railway orporations
G &ater Transport - oastal
Shipping
G TA- # Trac,ed Air ushion
-ehicle
G "rivatisation o$
Stations
H Air Transport # %rones H "rivatisation o$
"assenger Services
ROLLI12 STOCK C'#+'nen!$
* Air Transport # Helicopters
. "lanes
A Locomotives
/ Air Transport # /ets
B Coaches
0 Air Transport # Balloons
C Wagons
Space Transport # Roc,ets
. Satellites
D Compartments
Su)-oraganisations o$ *ndian Railways
C'r+'ra!i'n$ ,'r
L'.al 3 S+e.i,i. Area
Tran$+'r!
O+era!i'n$
A *RO' " R&" Bela A 0RL # 0on,an
B *R&O 1 *R*(' "une B %MR # %elhi Metro
R*T(S R *R*((' 'asi, MRTS # Mass Rapid
% O'OR S *R*M(( /amalpur % MRL # hennai
Metro ( L& T *R*S(T Secundera)ad
+ *+ ! *R*TM Luc,now
G L& hitran2an - R%SO Luc,now
H OR( Allaha)ad & 'A*R -adodara
* %L& -aranasi 3 0RL
/ %M& "atiala 4 %MR
0 *+ hennai 5 MRTS
L MR- Mum)ai
M R+ 0apurthala
' R&+ Bangalore
O R+ Rae)areli
Training Uni!$ in /an&,a.!&ring Re$i$!an.e$ !' Train
6
A *R*(' "une A
CLW Chitranjan
A Resistance due to +riction
B *R*((' 'asi, B
CORE Allahabad
B Resistance due to urves
*R*M(( /amalpur
DLW Varanasi
Resistance due to Gradients
% *R*S(T Secundera)ad %
DMW Patiala
% Resistance due to &ave Action
( *R*TM Luc,now (
ICF Chennai
( Resistance due to Train
Speed
+ R%SO Luc,now +
MRVC Mumbai
+ Resistance due to &ind
G 'A*R -adodara G
RCF Kapurthala
G Resistance due to Oscillation
H
RWF Banal!re
H Resistance due to oncussion
*
RCF Raebareli
/
RWP Bela
T%+e$ ', Wear in Rail$ T%+e$ ',
L'.'#'!ive$ -a$ed
'n S'&r.e ', P'0er
T%+e$ ', L'.'#'!ive$
-a$ed 'n 1&#-er )
Arrange#en! ', W"eel$
A
&ear on Top 7 Head o$ Rails
B
&ear at (nds o$ Rails
A
Steam Locomotive
A Ordinary Locomotive

&ear on the Sides o$ Head o$ Rails

B
%iesel # Mechanical
Locomotive
B Articulated Locomotive
%
%iesel # (lectric
T%+e$ ', Slee+er$ 4 -a$ed 'n
ORIE1TATIO1 5
T%+e$ ', 2a&ge$
A Longitudinal Sleepers (
Locomotive
(lectric 8Locomotive
A
Broad Gauge
B Transverse Sleepers B
Standard Gauge
Through Sleepers
Metre Gauge
% *nterlaced Sleepers %
'arrow Gauge
( Bridge Sleepers
T%+e$ ', W"eel$ in
L'.'#'!ive$
T%+e$ ', Wag'n$ T%+e$ ', 2radien!$ ,'r
Rail0a% Tra.6$
A *dle &heels A A (asy Gradient
B oupled or %riving &heels B B Steep Gradient
"usher Gradient
T%+e$ ', C'a."e$ % % Momentum Gradient
A Single %ec, oach ( ( Ruling Gradient
B %ou)le %ec,er oach + Helper Gradient
hair ar
% Sleeper oach T%+e$ ', Rail$
( Air # ondiotioned oach A %ou)le Headed Rail
B Bull Headed Rail
+lat +ooted Rail
PARTS O7 A PER/A1E1T WAY
/e!"'d$ !' 8OI1 Rail$
A Rails +
+asteners
A +ish "lates . Bolts
B Sleepers G
"oints9 rossings
B &elding
Ballast H
Signals
% +ish "lates *
Overhead a)les
( +ormation
Pla.e$ 0"ere !' A9OID C&rve$
A Bridges . Tunnels Approaches to Bridges ( Stations . 4ards
B %eep uttings % Steep Gradients + Level-rossings
Rail Welding /e!"'d$ Rail 7ail&re /'de$ Rail Wear Red&.!i'n /e!"'d$
:
A (lectric Arc &elding A rushed Head A !se Special Alloy Steel
B hemical or Thermit
&elding
B Transverse +issure B Good Maintenance o$ Trac,
O;y-Acetylene &elding Split Head Reduce (;pansion Gap
% +lash # Butt &elding % Hori<ontal +issure % (;change the *nner and Outer
Rails on urves ( S=uare Brea,s
T%+e$ ', 8'in!$ -a$ed 'n
Orien!a!i'n ', 8'in!$ in
Parallel Rail$
+ Angular Brea,s ( *ntroduce hec, Rails
G Hogging o$ Rails + !se Lu)ricating Oil
H Buc,ling o$ Rails G !se Head Hardened Rails
A S=uare /oints * orrugation o$ Head
Sur$ace
B Staggered /oints / orrosion
T%+e$ ', 8'in!$ -a$ed 'n
P'$i!i'n ', Slee+er$ 0:r:!:
8'in!$
7a$!ening ,'r Rail$ T%+e$ ', S+i6e$
A +ish "lates A %og Spi,e
B Spi,es B Screw Spi,e
A Suspended /oints +ang Bolts Round Spi,e
B Supported /oints % Hoo, Bolts % (lastic Spi,e
Bridged /oints ( hairs . 0eys (
+ Bearing "lates
T%+e$ ', Bearing Pla!e$ T%+e$ ', Slee+er$
4 -a$ed 'n
/ATERIALS 5
/a!erial$ &$ed a$ BALLAST
A Bro,en Stone + Moorum
A +lat Bearing "late A
Tim)er
B Gravel G Bric,)ats
B anted Bearing "late B
Steel
Ashes or inders H Special
(arth
"restressed oncrete
% Sand
%
ast *ron
( 0an,ar
/e!"'d$ ', Pla!e La%ing
T%+e$ ', La-'&r 2ang$
De,e.!$ in Rail 8'in!$
A Tramline or Side Line
Method
A
Material Gangs
A Blowing /oints
B Telescopic Method B
Lin,ing-in Gangs
B High or Riding /oints
American Method
"ac,ing-in Gangs
"umping /oints
/A8OR Ca&$e$ ,'r
CREEP in Rail$
/e!"'d$ !' C'rre.!
!"e Cree+
T%+e$ ', SPIRALS
A Bra,ing A
"ulling Bac, o$ Rails
A
Bridge Spirals
B &ave Action B
!sing reep Anchors
B
Tunnel Spirals
"ercussion Theory
!sing Steel Sleepers

% Temperature hanges %
/I1OR Ca&$e$ ,'r CREEP
A Rails not $i;ed Tightly with
Sleepers
7 Super-elevation not
su$$icient in urves
0 Sleeper spacing uneven
B "oor 1uality o$ Sleepers 2 Rails not strong
L Ballast "ac,ing is poor
Bad %rainage H Rail /oints poor Maintenance
M Ballast 1uantity inade=uate
% ompaction 7 onsolidation
o$ Trac, (arth Bed is poor
I Rail (;pansion gap not proper
' Train Bra,ing e;cessive 7
uneven
(
Gauge (;cessively Tight or Slac, 8 Sleepers decayed 7 crac,ed
"#I$ %
>
T%+e$ ', STATIO1S STATIO1 T%+e$ T%+e$ ', STATIO1S
?
A +lag Stations A &ayside Stations A lass A
B Bloc, Stations B /unctions B lass B
'on-Bloc, Stations Terminals lass
% Special Stations % % lass %
(
T%+e$ ', YARDS T%+e$ ', Siding$ T%+e$ ', /ar$"alling Yard$
A "assenger 4ards A atch Sidings A +lat 4ards
B Marshalling 4ards B Reception Sidings B Gravity 4ards
Goods 4ards %eparture Sidings Hump 4ards
% Locomotive 4ards % Sorting Sidings %
/e!"'d$ !' S!'+ Wag'n$ in
HU/P /ar$"alling Yard$
T%+e$ ', Pla!,'r#$ S!a!i'n /a."iner% !' Rever$e
Dire.!i'n ', Engine
A Men R!' ALO'G and
apply Bra,es
A "assenger "lat$orms A Turnta)le
B Triangle
B !sing Retarders B Goods "lat$orms
!sing S,ids %oc, "lat$orms T%+e$ ', E12I1E SHEDS
% % *sland "lat$orms A Rectangular Sheds
( ( B ircular Sheds
Cla$$i,i.a!i'n ', Level;Cr'$$ing$
< TYPE T9U deal! 0i!"
1': ', 2a!e#en
O!"er De!ail$
6 Special lass ----- ---- "rotected )y Signals
: lass A
6:9 @@@ or 6A9@@@
> &ic,et Gates provided $or
"edestrians
> lass B
>9@@@ or B9@@@
:
? lass - Manned
69@@@ or >9@@@
6 Gate Lamps provided only i$
there is Motor-ehicle Tra$$ic
A lass - !'Manned C 69@@@ or >9@@@ ---
B lass % ------ --- attle rossing
0 T%+e$ ', Pi!$ in S!a!i'n$ T%+e$ ', Triangle$
A Ash "its A
Triangles )etween
> Straight Trac,s
A
B Ash "ans B
Triangles )etween
Straight . urved Trac,s
B
(;amination "its
% %rop "its % %
( ( (
9ARIOUS STATIO1 /ACHI1ERY
A Engine Sheds F Water Columns K Weigh Bridges
B Ash Pits G Triangle L Scotch bloc
C E!amination Pits " Turntable # Bu$$ersto%
& &ro% Pits ' Tra(erser ) &erailing s*itch
E Water Columns + Cranes , Tra% s*itch
T%+e$ ', S0i!."e$ S+li! S0i!."e$ !%+e$
A Stu) switch A
Loose heel or Articulated switch
B Split switch B
+i;ed heel or spring switch or $le;i)le switch
Rail T%+e$ in P'in!$ ) Cr'$$ing$ Dire.!i'n$ in a P'in! Slee+er T%+e$ in P'in!$ ) Cr'$$ing$
A hec, Rail A
+acing %irection
A Through Sleepers
A
B Tongue Rail B
Trailing %irection
B *nterlaced Sleepers
Stoc, Rail T%+e$ ', TUR1OUT S
% Lead Rail A Right Hand Turnout
( Guard Rail B Le$t Hand Turnout
S"a+e$ ', S0i!."e$ T%+e$ ', Cr'$$ing$ T%+e$ ', 1'$e ', Cr'$$ing$
A !ndercut Switches A
Ordinary or Acute
rossing
A T'
B Straightcut Switches B
%ou)le or O)tuse
rossing
B A'
Over-riding Switches or
omposite Switches
Cr'$$ing Angle
Cal.&la!i'n /e!"'d$
T%+e$ ', Lead$ T%+e$ ', P'in!$
A Rig"! Angle 3 C'le=$ /e!"'d A
Switch Lead
A +acing "oints
B entre Line Method B
urve Lead
B Trailing "oints
*sosceles Triangle Method
Lead

% % %
( ( (
DI77ERE1T CO/BI1ATIO1S O7 POI1TS and CROSSI12S
A ross- Overs % +i;ed "oint G
Gathering Lines or Ladder Trac,s
B Scissors ross- Overs ( Three Throws H
Gauntlet Trac,s
Slips +
Tandems or %ou)le Turnouts
*
%ou)le /unctions
T%+e$ ', CROSS;O9ERS
A ross-over )etween : Straight "arallel Trac,s with *ntermediate Straight
B ross-over )7n : Straight "arallel Trac,s WITHOUT In!er#edia!e S!raig"! -&! 0i!" C&rved Tra.6
ross-over )etween : Straight 'O'- "arallel Trac,s with *ntermediate Straight D di$$erent angles o$
rossings at the two ends E
% ross-over )etween : Straight 'O'- "arallel Trac,s with *ntermediate Straight D(1!AL angles o$
rossings at the two ends E
( ross-over )etween : Straight 'O'- "arallel Trac,s &*THO!T *ntermediate Straight
+ ross-over )etween : S4MM(TR*AL D oncentric E urved trac,s
G ross-over )etween : !nsymmetrical D (ccentric E Trac,s
H ross-over )7n > Straight "arallel Trac,s with *ntermediate Straight 7 urved and with a %iamond
* ross-over )7n > urved oncentric Trac,s with *ntermediate Straight 7 urved and with %iamond
T%+e$ ', SLIPS T%+e$ ', 3 T"r'0 T%+e$ ', TA1DE/S
A Single Slip A
Similar +le;ure >throw
A
Similar +le;ure Tandem
B %ou)le Slip B
ontrary +le;ure >throw
B
ontrary +le;ure Tandem
0 DOUBLE 8U1CTIO1S T%+e$ T%+e$ ', Signal$ -a$ed 'n
P"%$i.al /e."ani$# A %/ $or : Main Lines . 6 Branch Line - All STRA*GHTS
B %/ $or : Main Lines . : Branch Lines - All STRA*GHTS A oloured Light Signals

%/ $or : Mains . : Branches # All urved . Similar +le;ure

B Audi)le Sound Signals
%
%/ $or : Mains . : Branches # All urved . ontrary +le;ure
Mechanical Moving Signals
% +og7%etonator7Torpedo Signals
A
T%+e$ ', Signal$ -a$ed 'n
7U1CTIO1
T%+e$ ', Signal$ -a$ed
'n LOCATIO1
T%+e$ ', SPECIAL Signal$
B
A Stop 7 Semaphore Signals A Outer Signal A Routing Signals
B &arner Signals B Home Signal B Repeating Signals
%isc or Ground Signals Starter Signal o-acting Signals
% oloured Light Signals % Advance Starter Signal % alling # on Signals
( *ndicator Signals
+ Other Miscellaneous Signals
/e!"'d$ !' C'n!r'l Train
Tra,,i.
Ca+a.i!ie$ ,'r Tra.6
1e!0'r6$ ) Yard$
/e!"'d$ ',
I1TERLOCKI12
A +ollowing Train System A Trac Ca%acit- A Tappets . Loc,s System
B A)solute Bloc, System B Line Ca%acit- B 0ey System
Automatic Signaling System C Sectional Ca%acit- Route Relay System
% "ilot Guard System & Terminal Ca%acit- %
( T # entralised Tra$$ic ontrol System (
T%+e$ ', KEY S%$!e#$ Signal$ SLOTTI12
A Single Loc, . 0ey System A (lectric System A
B %ou)le Loc, . 0ey System B Mechanical System B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

F
% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B
G

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
0 * *
H
A A A
B B B

% % %
( ( (
6@