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Bai Tap KT Vi Mo Co Kem Bai Giai 0537
Bai Tap KT Vi Mo Co Kem Bai Giai 0537
(1)
ED = (P/QD). (Q/P)
Trong : Q/P l s thay i lng cung hoc cu gy ra bi thay i v gi, t
, ta c Q/P l h s gc ca phng trnh ng cung, ng cu
ES = a.(P/QS)
ED = c. (P/QD)
a = (ES.QS)/P
c = (ED.QD)/P
a = (1,54 x 11,4)/22 = 0,798
c = (-0,2 x 17,8)/22 = - 0,162
= 27,52
PO
= 28,67
QO
= 16,72
= 21,12
P =
22
Q =
17,8
S quota
6.4
22
8.5
D
0.627
11.4
17.8
19.987
* Thng d :
- Tn tht ca ngi tiu dng : CS = a + b + c + d + f = 255.06
vi :
a = ( 11.4 + 0.627 )x 13.5 = 81.18
b = x ( 10.773 x 13.5 ) = 72.72
c = x ( 6.4x 13.5 ) = 43.2
d = c = 43.2
f = x ( 2.187 x 13.5 ) = 14.76
=> CS = - 255,06
Thng d nh sn xut tng : PS = a = 81.18
Nh nhp khu ( c hn ngch ) c li : c + d = 43.2 x 2 = 86.4
Tn tht x hi : NW = b + f = 72.72 +14.76 = 87.48
=> NW = - 87,48
3. Thu nhp khu 13,5 xu/pao. Li ch ca mi thnh vin ra sao? So snh vi
trng hp hn ngch, theo bn chnh ph nn p dng bin php g?
Mc thu nhp khu 13,5 xu/pao, nh hng n gi ca s lng nhp khu, lm
cho gi tng t 8,5 ln 8,5 + 13,5 = 22 xu/pao (bng vi gi cn bng khi p dng
hn ngch nhp khu cu 2)
Vi mc thu nhp khu l 13.5 xu/pao, mc gi tng v thng d tiu dng gim :
CS = a + b + c + d = 255.06
vi a = 81.18
b = 72.72
c = 6.4 x 13.5 = 86.4
d = 14.76
Thng d sn xut tng : PS = a = 81.18
Chnh ph c li : c = 86.4
NW = b + d = 87.48
S
D
22
c
d
Pw
8..5
0.627
11.4
17.8
19.987
P
2
2,2
QS
34
35
QD
31
29
Ta c :
QS = aP + b
QD = cP + d
Trong : a = QS/P = (35 34) / (2,2 2) = 5
b = QD/P = (29 -31) / (2,2 2) = -10
Ta c: QS = aP + b
b = QS aP = 34 5.2 = 24
v
QD = cP + d
d = QD cP = 31 +10.2 = 51
PO = 1,8
QO = 33
Khi c quota xut khu, phng trnh ng cu thay i nh sau:
QD = QD + quota
= -10P + 51 + 2
= -10P + 53
im cn bng mi khi c quota xut khu:
QS = QD
5P + 24 = -10P +53
15P = 29
P = 1,93
Q = 5P + 24 = 33,65
*
P
S
D
P = 2,2
P = 2,09
1,9
3
1,8
D
+quota
29
33
33,65
Thng d:
- CS = + a + b l phn din tch hnh thang ABCD
SABCD = 1/2 x (AB + CD) x AD
Trong :
AD = 2,2 1,93 = 0,27
AB = QD(P=2,2) = -10 x 2,2 +51 = 29
CD = QD(P=1,93) = -10 x 1,93 + 51 = 31,7
SABCD = 1/2 x (29 + 31,7) x 0,27 = 8,195
CS = a + b = 8,195
- PS = -(a + b + c + d + f) l phn din tch hnh thang AEID
SAEID = 1/2 x (AE + ID) x AD
Trong :
AE = QS(P=2,2) = 5 x 2,2 + 24 = 35
ID = QS(P=1,93) = 5 x 1,93 + 24 = 33,65
SAEID = 1/2 x (35 + 33,65) x 0,27 = 9,268
0,397P
3,921
9,88
Q
= 1,68
2. Thng d ngi tiu dng
CS = 1/2 x (25 9,88) x 1,68
= 12,7
Ton that
vo ch
P =14.74
B
P0=9.
8
Pmax
=8
s
1
Thieu
hut
Q =1.14
Q
0
D
D
1
Q =
1.89
Ta c : Pmax = 8/vsp
(S) : P = 4 + 3,5Q
8 = 4 + 3,5Q
Q1S = 1,14
Tng t : th P = 8/vsp vo (D)
(D) : P = 25 - 9Q
8 = 25 - 9Q
Q1D = 1,89
Vy tng sn lng thiu ht trong trng hp ny l:
Q1D Q1S = 1,89 - 1,14 = 0,75
Vy s tin chnh ph phi b ra nhp khu sn lng thiu ht l:
P x ( Q1D Q1S ) = 11 x 0,75 = 8,25 t
Ngi tiu dng tit kim c l:
CS = C-B = 1.14*(9.8-8) (1.68-1.14)*(14.74-9.8) = - 0.616 t
Gii php 2: Tr cp cho ngi tiu dng 2/vsp & khng can thip vo gi th
trng .
P
PS1
P0
A
C
D
1
E
D
D
Q0
Q1
Ta c :
PS1 PD1 = 2
PD1= 25 9Q1
PS1 = 4 + 3,5 Q1
Suy ra : Q1 = 1.84 , PD1= 8.44 ; PS1 = 10.44
Ngi tiu dng tit kim c l:
CS = C + D = 0.5 x (9.8 8.44) x (1.68 + 1.84) = 2.4 t
Chnh ph phi b ra l :
CP = 2 x Q1 = 2 x 1.84 = 3.68 t
Kt lun :
Vy gii php 1 c li hn theo quan im ca chnh ph.
Vy gii php 2 c li hn theo quan im ca ngi tiu dng.
4. mi quan h gia sn phm A v sn phm B
Sn phm A:
Ta c Pmax = 8
th vo (S) : P = 4 + 3,5Q
=> Q1S = 1,14
Sn phm B:
Sn lng B tng : Q = 7,5 5 = 2,5
Hu dng bin ca 2 sn phm :
QB
2,5
2,5
MRAB =
=
=
= 4,63 > 1
QA
1,68 1,14
0,54
P
S
Pmin
A
P
0
D
D
Q
PS1
A
P0
=PD1
D
Q0
Q1
Q= (Q+(Q+Q))/2
P=(P+(P+P))/2
The vao (1) ta co:
E(P)= (Q/ P) x (2P+P)/(2Q+Q)
Theo e bai ta co:
E(P)=-1
P=2
P=2
Q=10.000/2 =5000
The vao ( 2 ) ta tnh c Q
(2)
E(I)= 0.5
I=25.000
I=5.000
Q=2.500
The vao ( 3 ) ta tnh c Q nh sau:
(Q/ 5.000) x (2x25.000+5.000)/(2x2.500+Q) = 0.5
==> Q = 238
ieu nay co ngha la ba ta tang tieu dung thc pham
t 2.500 san pham len 2.738 san pham
Chi tieu cho thc pham cua ba : 2738 x 4=10.952 $
3. Lieu khoan tien nay co a ba ta tr lai c mc thoa
man ban au hay khong? Hay chng minh (minh hoa bang o
th).
ng vi I = 30000 => tiu dng = 30000/7500 => ng ngn sch dch chuyn
sang phi to ra im C , ng vi Q = 2738.
Nu C vt qua ng ngn sch ban u => tha mn tng
Nu C trng ng ngn sch ban u => tha mn nh ban u
Nu C bn di ng ngn sch ban u => tha mn gim so vi ban u.
Theo s liu bi ny, ta thc C vn nm di ng ngn sch ban u nn ta
kt lun khoan tien tr cp nay vn khng a ba ta tr lai c
mc thoa man ban au.
(I=30.00
0)
(I=25.00
0)
U
1
1000
5000 7500
U
2
154
E1
I1
100
154 triu ng. Nu An tit kim tt c thu nhp trong hin ti th trong tng lai
anh ta s nhn c tng thu nhp l 264 triu ng (154 + 100 + 100x10%).
ng gii hn ngn sch ch ra kh nng ny v cc kh nng trung gian khc.
2. Gi s An ang s dng nhng khon thu nhp ca mnh ng vi thi gian
ca chng, hy biu din bng th im cn bng tiu dng ca anh ta.
Nu X = 100, r = 10%, Y= 154 => im cn bng tiu dng t c A(100,154)
Nu An s dng cc khon thu nhp ca mnh ng vi thi gian ca chng th
im cn bng tiu dng ca anh ta s l im gp khc E1.
3. Nu li sut tng n 40% th An c thay i quyt nh tiu dng ca mnh
hay khng? Minh ha bng th.
Nu r = 40%
Ta c :
* tiu dng ti a hin ti = 100 + 154/(1+r) = 100 + 154/1.4 = 210 triu
=> gim = 210-240 = -10 triu so vi lc r = 10%
An s gim chi tiu v tng tit kim hin ti
im cn bng ngn sch ca An s l im E. ng ng ch s l I2 cao hn
so vi ng I1.
294
E
264
154
I2
E1
I1
100
* tiu dng
ti a hin
ti = 154 +
100*(1+0.1)
= 294
264
E
2
154
I2
E1
I1
4. T cu s
1, gi s
hin
An
ang vay 50
triu ng
tiu
dng, anh ta
s cn bao
nhiu tin tiu dng trong tng lai? Nu li sut tng t 10% n 20% th
anh ta c thay i mc vay ny khng? Biu din trn th.
Ta c :
An vay 50 triu => tiu dng tng ln 50 triu => tng tiu dng hin ti = 150 triu
Li = 50*0.1 = 5 triu => tng s tin tr trong tng lai = 50 + 5 = 55 triu
=> s tin cn li = 154 - 55 = 99 triu
im cn bng tiu dng khi ny l B (150,99)
nu li sut tng ln 20% => Li vay phi tr = 50*0.2 = 10 triu => Tng tin phi
tr = 50 + 10 = 60 triu => s tin cn li = 154 60 = 94 triu (thu nhp gim)
100
209
154
99
100 150
85
70
50
15
30
50
100
Khi khng thay i gi kh t, ng thu nhp I khng thay i. Ngi tiu dng
ch mua kh t mc cho php ( khng vt qu 30 n v ) v tng mua thc
phm. Ta thy s kt hp ti u t im A di chuyn n im B, im C,...
20 30 50
100
ii.Tng gi kh t nhin bng cch nh thu cho ti khi ngi tiu dng mua ng
30 n v kh t.
Khi tng gi kh t nhin, ng ngn sch quay vo trong ti ng I 2, bi v sc
mua ca ngi tiu dng gim i.
Y
B
100
U2
I2
A
50
U3
U1
I1
30
50
100
Ta thy t l thay th bin MRS ln hn t s gi Py/Px => xut hin gii php
gc. Ngi tiu dng s tiu dng ngy cng t kh t nhin v mua cng nhiu thc
phm. tha dng s di chuyn ngy cng gn n im B v t c tha
dng ti a ti im B.
2. Phng n no trong 2 phng n ny s c ngi tiu dng a thch hn?
v sao?
Phng n 1 s c ngi tiu dng a thch hn phng n 2 bi v : phng
n 1, ngi tiu dng s t c tha dng ti u v s dng cng lc c 2
lai sn phm. Cn phng n 2 ngi tiu dng t c tha dng ti a khi
ch s dng 1 sn phm l thc phm m thi.
P
D1
PU = (5.500 QU)/100
PU = 55 QU/100
TRU = PU x QU = (55 QU/100) x QU = 55QU QU2/100
MRU = (TRU) = 55 2QU/100 = 55 QU/50
ti a ha li nhun: MRE = MRU
45 QE/200 = 55 QU/50 = 15
QE = 6.000 ; PE = 30 ngn USD
QU = 2.000 ; PU = 35 ngn USD
Li nhun thu c:
= TR TC
TR = TRE +TRU
= (QE x PE) + (QU x PU)
= (6.000 x 30) + ( 2.000 x 35)
= 180.000 + 70.000 = 250.000
TC = C + V = 20.000 + [(QE + QU) x 15]
= 20.000 + [(6.000 + 2.000) x15]
= 20.000 + 120.000 = 140.000
= TR TC = 250.000 140.000 = 110.000 ngn USD = 110 triu USD
2. Nu BMW b buc phi nh gi ging nhau trn tng th trng. Tnh sn
lng c th bn trn mi th trng?gi cn bng v li nhun ca mi cng ty
Khi nh gi nh nhau trn c hai th trng th ta c tng sn lng bn c trn
c hai th trng l:
Q = QE + QU
= (18.000 400P) + (5.500 -100P)
= 23.500 500P
Q = 23.500 500P
=> P = (23.500 Q)/500 = 47 Q/500
Ta c : TR = P x Q
= (47 Q/500) x Q
= 47Q Q2/500
MR = (TR) = 47 2Q/500 = 47- Q/250
ti a ha li nhun : MR = MC
47 Q/250 = 15
Q/250 = 32
Q = 8.000
P = 31 ngn USD
Sn lng bn trn tng th trng:
QE = 18.000 400 x 31 = 5.600
QU = 5.500 100 x 31 = 2.400
Li nhun ca BMW khi nh gi ging nhau trn 2 th trng:
= TR TC
Trong : TR = Q x P = 8.000 x 31 = 248.000 ngn USD
TC = C + V = 20.000 + (8.000 x 15) = 140.000 ngn USD
= TR TC
= 248.000 140.000 = 108.000 ngn USD = 108 triu USD