IstokPravoslavni

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HA, H Y3,H3AHE PYCHJE (I co)
Bnanmnp Jyxanonnh
Honn nc1ponn
Hononsapana Bnaa Honcxc nch |c na|annna a hc pasmo1pn1n
ocaamny nonn1nxy cspcscpnnc nopmxc nnc1annpany
paxc1nor m1n1a xo|n cy npcnncnc C|cnncnc Amcpnnxc
2
,panc. Onaxan c1an Honcxc ycncno |c naxon na|ana ns Pycn|c
a hc Pycxa mccpann|a noc1ann1n cno| paxc1nn m1n1 n nonc
paxc1nc |cnnnnc na rpannnn npcma Honcxo|.
Yno
Y |cxy pcmanana xonannor c1a1yca Kocona n Mc1oxn|c rc |c
Pycn|a noxasana cno|y npnnnnn|cnnoc1 y c1porom
npnpanany mcynaponor npana, ann n y |cxy pycxnx
npcccnnnxnx nsopa, xao n nsopa sa Iopnn n ,onn ,om
Pycxc ,ymc, onynnnn cmo a nam yxpa1xo npnxacmo xpos
xaxnc |c qasc o pacnaa CCCP o anac npomna Pycn|a n xaxnc
napancnc mocmo nonyhn ca onnm m1o cc anac oraa y
Cpn|n. Hoxyma| xomaana 1cpn1opn|c, cnancnc no|cxc,
nnancxn oprannsonano ynnm1ananc pannnx pccypca, nnna
npnna1nsann|a, c1napanc onnrapxcxc cnn1c, cnc 1o |c Pycn|a
npomna, a ncma cymnc a xpos ncm1o cnnnno nponasnmo n mn.
Ho, ncoma |c sannmnnno a y momcn1y xaa |c Pycn|a nna na
xoncnnma sa 3ana |c nna cmoxpa1cxa pana. ,anac xaa |c
c1ana na norc, 3ana |c cma1pa an1ncmoxpa1cxom, panom y
xo|o| nnaa ay1opn1c1 |cnor noncxa, panom rc cc nc
nom1y|y nycxa npana... Onn1o, nonn1nxa ynnnx npnnnnna,
am xao n na npnmcpy Cpn|c, ronnama |c cnponocna npcma
Pycn|n. ,ox cy mornn a |c nnanxa|y, onnna|y ncn nonan n a |c
nonnana|y, 1aa nm |c nna nap1ncp sa capany, ox |c anac,
xaa camo o naq1c n raca na ronmncm nnnoy sapay|c cxopo
500 mnnn|apn onapa, sa 1a| nc1n 3ana, nccmoxpa1cxa.
PYCKA mE,EPAHHJA - OCHOBHH HO,AHH
Honpmnna Pycxc mccpann|c npoc1npc cc na 17.075.200
xnapa1nnx xnnomc1apa. Ha|ncha |c pana na cnc1y n
npoc1npc cc npcxo orpomnnx npoc1panc1ana Hc1onnc Enponc n
ccncpnc Asn|c. Ho 1cpn1opn|n |c ro1ono ynno ncha o Kanac,
Knnc nnn CA,, a no po|y c1anonnnxa nanasn cc na ccmom
3
mcc1y ca npnnnno 142,5 mnnnona c1anonnnxa. Pycn|a cc cnn
na cnponcxn n asn|cxn co. Hpnpona rpannna ona na cna |c
nnannna Ypan nn|a |c ynna oxo 2000 xm. Amnnnc1pa1nnno,
Pycn|a |c nocncna na 88 qccpannnx cy|cxa1a ca pasnnnn1nm
nnnonma ay1onomn|c. Ipannnn cc nax ca 16 pana. Hpnnpca
Pycn|c asnpa cc na nsnosy cncprcna1a, na|nnmc naq1c n raca,
sa1nm nsnosy cnponnna n ncnnxom nopac1y omahc no1pomnc.
Pycn|a nma orpoman npnnpcnn no1cnnn|an, npc cncra sor
orpomnnx npnponnx ora1c1ana xo|c noccy|c, a mnora o nnx,
noccno ona y Cnnpy, |om yncx cy nc1axny1a. Y Pycn|n nnn
180 napoa, ann Pycn ca cxopo 80% nnnc n nnmc ncro
omnnan1ny nchnny. Taxoc, pycxn |csnx |c ancony1no
omnnan1an n nnmc cc cnyn 98 % c1anonnnm1a. Ha|nchn po|
c1anonnnxa Pycn|c npnnannnn cy Pycxc npanocnannc npxnc.
Hponcm Pycn|c, xao n nponcm cnnx pana na cnc1y |c
oymnpanc ccna, 1axo a y Pycn|n rpacxo c1anonnnm1no nnnn
cxopo 73% rpaana, ox ccocxor nma cncra 27%.
KAKO JE CHPOBE,EHO CAABAEHE PYCHJE
Cncnapno pacnaa CCCP, cmnmncn y xyxynn CA,
no1xynnnnancm xomynnc1nnxnx xaponnxa n c1napancm
ccnccnonnc1nnnx noxpc1a y nononac1annm panama, y cno|o|
n1n nmao |c 1o1anno cnancnc Pycn|c na cnnm nonnma, npc
cncra na npnnpcnom nnany. ,a n cc 1o oc1napnno nno |c
no1pcno na ncny Pycn|c nma1n noysanc nrpanc xo|n cy ymcc1o
sa nn1cpccc Pycn|c pannn ncxnynnno sa nn1cpccc cno|nx
nanoroanana. Cnoono cc moc pchn a |c sana cnancnc
Pycn|c cnponono na 1pn nannna:
1. Hnpcncm HATO xa rpannnama Pycn|c
2. Exonomcxom mox 1cpann|om
3. Hopnnancm panc ny1cm ncnamcxor 1cpopnsma y
Hcncnn|n
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Hnpcnc HATO xa rpannnama Pycn|c
Hcanna na|ana CA, a hc cno| paxc1nn m1n1 noc1ann1n y
scmnama Hc1onnc Enponc, ncxaamnnm nnannnama
Bapmancxor nax1a, camo |c qnnanc |cnc csonnc n arpccnnnc
nonn1nxc xo|y CA, |om c nonc1xa cncccc1nx noc npcma
Pycn|n. Hanmc, ro1ono cnc panc nnmcr Bapmancxor nax1a
ymnc cy y HATO, na nax n 1pn npnan1nnxc panc, Ec1onn|a,
Ac1onn|a n An1nann|a, nnmc |c HATO omao ro1ono y
npcrpac Can1 Hc1cpypra. Hapanno, ono mnpcnc |c ynnncno
cynpo1no cnopasymy xo|n cy cno|cnpcmcno no1nncann Ponan
Pcran n Mnaxnn Iopanon, a xacnn|c n opn Bym c1apn|n ca
Iopanonnm. Kpca1op cnancna Pycn|c xpos mnpcnc HATO
no |c 3nrncn Bcnncxn, ncxaamnn canc1nnx npcccnnxa
CA, nmn|a Kap1cpa sa cscnoc1. Hosna1a |c ncrona ns|ana:
-Tpca mnpn1n HATO, |cp 1axo cc o1xnana pnsnx nonpa1cxa
pycxc onacnoc1n. Tpca nomohn noc1con|c1cxnm panama a
cc c1annnsy|y n ocnooc cnaxor 1y1opc1na Mocxnc n 1axo
ocncn1n omnnan1an nonoa| CA, |om na|manc sa |cny
rcncpann|y, a moa |om n yc.
,a n ona| nnan y no1nynoc1n ycnco, HATO y cno|c cac1an mopa
a yann n Yxpa|ny, 1c cc sa1o anac y Yxpa|nn non rpncnn1a
n1xa a nn hc npcnnac1 nma1n npopycxa nnn nposanana
onnn|a. Konnxo |c Yxpa|na nana sa CA, ronopn n ns|ana
ncxaamncr pannor ccxpc1apa CA,, Pnnapa Xonpyxa, a |c
"Yxpa|na npnmapna sona amcpnnxc nannonannc cscnoc1n.
Kaxo n cc y1nna| CA, n nac1anax cncny1annor mnpcna HATO
nac1anno, y cnnm noc1con|c1cxnm panama anraonana |c
nn1ana anapa1ypa ncnnannnx oprannsann|a xo|a |c nmana sa
nnn a cpymn pcnmc xo|n nncy nnn naxnoncnn
"oponamcpno| amcpnnxo| cmoxpa1n|n. Hnxon nnn |c no
a sa nonan mannnynnmy |annomhy ny1cm npnna o xonanno|
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ncsanncnoc1n o Pycn|c, cnoon, nycxnm npannma,
naonascho| cmoxpa1n|n, ncnnxnm nnncc1nnn|ama xo|c camo
m1o nncy. Ty npnny nmann cmo n mn npnnnxc a cnymamo. ,a
n ycncx no no1nynn|n, orpoman nonan ynac cc y HBO n
nanono ncsanncnc mcn|c n y camo| Pycn|n nn| |c nnn
nopnnanc panc n npnxasnnanc pycxor cnc1cma
nccmoxpa1cxnm, ay1opn1apnnm, nx1a1opcxnm, cnc1cmom
xo|n xpmn cncmcn1apna nycxa npana, cnc y nnny nopnnana
Pycn|c a cnpcnn npcx1ny arpccn|y HATO xa ncnnm
rpannnama. Mcy1nm, n cama pycxa nonn1nnxa cnn1a y ncpnoy
o 1992. o 1996. ronnc npnc1a|ana |c a yc nnon HATO nax1a,
na cy nax pycxn nonn1nnapn nomarann nsnos cmoxpa1n|c y
scmnama nnmcr CCCP. Hcma nncmc a cy 1n nonn1nnapn,
nony1 ncxaamncr mnnnc1pa cnonnnx nocnona Anpc|a
Kosnp|cna, nnn y npcx1no| cnyn CA, n cmnmncno cy
pannn na pasapany Pycn|c. Ha|onn noxasa1cn xonnxo cy CA,
1aa nonnananc Pycn|y |c xpn1nxa xo|y |c Mancn Onpa|1
yny1nna cnom xoncrn Jcnrcnn Hpnmaxony xaxo nn|c npancno
a camo |can napo pacnonac 1onnxnm npnponnm
ora1c1nom n 1cpn1opn|om.
HATO cno|c mnpcnc opasnac ycnoc1annancm cmoxpa1cxnx
cnc1cma y panama nnmcr CCCP, am onaxo xaxo |c 1o
Bcnncxn onncao, a xaa Mocxna ncroy|c na 1axan nn
arpccnnnc nonn1nxc no|nc opransann|c xo|a nocnc pacnaa
Bapmancxor nax1a o|cx1nnno ncma nnmc nnxaxny ynory, ona
|c 1o sa 3ana mnpcnc xnanopa1oncxc pc1opnxc.
Exonomcxa mox 1cpann|a
,nnnanxa npnna1nsann|a xo|a |c cnponccna no xon1ponom
no|nnc nnmnx npcccnnxa Bnac ns Jcnnnnonor ncpnoa,
Jcropom Ia|apom n Ana1onn|cm Hya|com, nn|n |c rypy no
xapnapcxn npoqccop cqpn Caxc, 1nopan nporpama c1annana
pana no xon1pony MMm, ocnpomamnna |c Pycn|y a |c
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pana 1998. ronnc onncna no1nynn cxonomcxn xpax. 3or
cno|nx sacnyra y ynnm1anany pycxc cxonomn|c Ia|ap n Hya|c
cy nopann cnc moryhc noxnanc o sanannx nonn1nnapa, ox cy
y Pycn|n oc1annnn nyc1om. Pycxa npcyscha xynonana cy sa
ara1cny, onnn xann1ana ns Pycn|c no |c ac1ponomcxn,
c1nopnna cc rpyna nyn, onnrapxa, xo|a |c ocnonno cncana xpn
Pycn|n, xnncpnnqnann|a oc1nrna |c nccnyhcnc pasmcpc, a
Pycn|a cc xpos ysnmanc xpcn1a 1onnxo saynna a |c npc1nno
a nanc no no1nyny cxonomcxy sanncnoc1. 3a 1o npcmc napo
|c cnpomamno, ncnsnoncpn cy yxnanno rnaonann, a xao
na|onn noxasa1cn xaxo cc nncno y ncpnoy
"oponamcpnnx canc1a MMm noxasy|c noa1ax a |c
npoccnna nna1a y 1998. ronnn nna 65 onapa!
Hopnnanc panc ny1cm ncnamcxor 1cpopnsma y Hcncnn|n
CA,, xao nanonn opnn npo1nn 1cpopnsma, noccno
ncnamcxor, cnnm cnnama cy nopananc 1a| nc1n 1copnpnsam y
Hcncnn|n. Bam xao m1o cy 1cpopnc1n OBK na Kocony n
Mc1oxn|n nnn mynaxcnnn y Bocnn n Xcpncronnnn, camo sa1o
m1o cy pa1onann npo1nn Cpa, nnn opnn sa cnooy, 1axo cy
n Hcncnn, sa1o m1o cy pa1onann npo1nn Pycn|c, nnn npancnn
opnn xo|n cc opc npo1nn pycxor yrnc1anana. Taxo cy
oroncnn xpnmnnannn, Macxaon, Baca|cn, 3axa|cn n cnnnnn
na|cnom sa sananc mcn|c noc1ann xcpo|n opc npo1nn
pycxor yrnc1anana. Ymcc1o a yy paocnn m1o |c Hy1nnona
amnnnc1pann|a nocnna 1cpopnsam y Hcncnn|n n
ycnoc1annna nnac1, sanann mcn|n nc mnpn|y, na nax ny o1nc
a xpn1nxy|y Pycn|y sor npcxomcpnc yno1pcc cnnc!!! Hc1n
onn, xo|n cy nsnpmnnn arpccn|c na 1onnxc panc npana|yhn
1o opom npo1nn 1cpopnsma, anac xpn1nxy|y Hy1nna m1o |c
ycnoc1anno npannn nopcax y cno|o| pann nocnnmn
1cpopnc1c. 3a1o, Bcnnxa Bpn1ann|a anac nscrana a nspynn
Pycn|n ncncncxor 1cpopnc1y Axmca 3axa|cna, a nocnc cnaxor
1cpopnc1nnxor ax1a, nony1 onor y Bccnany nnn mocxoncxom
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nosopnm1y ,ypanxa, sanann mcn|n npax1nnno npana|y
1cpopnc1c, a oxpnnny|y p1ny sor nanono nomc nonn1nxc
npcma Hcncnn|n.
CTBAPAHE OAHIAPXA H HAAHKAHE PYCHJE
Ha|onnn|a 1cma sa cnc Pycc cy nnxonn onnrapcn, onocno
npnna xaxo cy no|cnnnn, ncxopnc1nnmn cmy1na npcmcna
nocnc naa xomynnsma onnanxann Pycn|y, c1nopnnmn ccn
orpomna ora1c1na ox |c onnan napo rnaonao. Konnxa |c
Pycn|a onnanxana y ncpnoy o 1992. o 2001. ronnc na|onc
ronopn noa1ax a |c Cnya pannor xnnronoc1na y1npnna
a |c pannn ync1 o npoa|c pannnx ax1nna y 1om
ncpnoy no oorahcn sa cncra 9,5 mnnn|apn onapa, ox cy y
nc1o npcmc nonn nnacnnnn npoa1nx npcyscha y nnoc1panc1no
nsncnn na|manc 150 mnnn|apn onapa. Ta nnqpa |c nna ncha
o ncnoxynnor cnonncr yra Pycn|c. Bcs osnpa m1o |c pcnnmo
ncna naq1c y 1om ncpnoy qan1ac1nnno cxaxana, Pycn|a nn|c
nmana nnxaxnc xopnc1n o 1c nnncnnnc, nch cy cc o 1ora
oxopnc1nnc ncxnynnno pycxc xpnonn|c onnncnc y onnrapcnma
xo|c cy nonan nsnocnnc y sananc scmnc. ,anac xaa |c Pycn|a
c1annna npoa|y cncprcna1a no cno|y xon1pony camo o naq1c
n raca na ronmncm nnnoy sapaa sa pannn ync1 |c cxopo
500 mnnn|apn onapa!
Kaxo cy c1napann onnrapcn?
Y cno|o| anannsn sa naconnc Icononn1nxa, p Bcnnmnp
Bpanxonnh |c o c1ana onncao xaxo |c omno o c1napana
pycxnx onnrapxa. Hanmc, |om 1989. ronnc, ynncnmn a |c xpax
CCCP ncmnnonan, cnycnnnn KIB-a ypannn cy npo|cxa1
nsnomcna mnnn|apn onapa nnmc cyncpcnnc na panync
npnna1nnx xomnann|a o1nopcnnx y nnoc1panc1ny. C osnpom
a |c 1oxom ncpcc1po|xc npnna1no nnacnnm1no nno npnsna1o,
camnm 1nm omoryhcno |c o1napanc npnna1nnx qnpmn, xaxo y
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scmnn, 1axo n y nnoc1panc1ny. Con|c1cxa oancm1a|na cnya
ncxopnc1nna |c ony noronoc1 n o1nopnna |c nns qnx1nnnnx
anaxa n 1pronnncxnx qnpmn y oqmop sonama Ipnxc, Knnpa,
Hop1yrana, H1ann|c n |om ncxnx scmana na nn|c panync
npcnocn mnnn|apc onapa. 3a npcnoc nonna xopnmhcnc cy
pannc pcscpnc, na|nnmc sna1o, npoa|a naq1c, pnc1a,
mc1ana, a cnc 1o snana|no ncno cnc1cxnx ncna. Mcy1nm,
npoa|a onc poc npcxo nonoqopmnpannx qnpmn y
nnoc1panc1ny ypacna |c sa nax 1pn o nc1npn ny1a no nnmo|
ncnn. KIB |c npo|cxa1 npcnoca nonna cmnmncno nsnco xaxo n
cc no pacnay CCCP n nay xomynnsma ocscnna 1aamna
con|c1cxa cnn1a. Konnxn |c 1o nononnyx no ononno ronopn
noa1ax a cy nonc1xom ocamccc1nx ronna sna1nc pcscpnc
CCCP nsnocnna 1300 1ona, onocno oxo 30 mnnn|apn onapa, a
a cy sa camo nc ronnc (1990/91) npoa1c ro1ono 1000 1ona sa 20
mnnn|apn n can nonan cnno cc na panync KIB qnpmn y
nnoc1panc1ny. (nnc1n 1cxc1 p Bcnnmnpa Bpanxonnha Cnom
n ycnon Pycxc qccpann|c o|anncn y Icononn1nnn).
KIB cc pacnao nocnc nyna xo|n |c nsnpmcn 1991. ronnc. Bcnnxn
po| cnycnnxa nnmc oancm1a|nc cnyc nanyc1no |c cno|
nocao n y npnna1nnm xomnann|ama, xo|c cy o|cnom noncnc a
napac1a|y xann1anom nsnc1or nonna, c1nopnnn cy cno|c mnnn
cnyc. Kao ncnypxc nocnc xnmc nnmn cnycnnnn KIB
noc1a|y yrncnn nsnncmcnn n onn cy nnn npnn cmanon
nonnx pycxnx ora1ama xo|n cy nnn anqa n omcra Jcnnnn-
Hya|conc npnna1nsann|c. Kaxo p Bcnnmnp Bpanxonnh nanon,
pyra na cmanona y npnna1nsann|n pcrpy1onana cy o
xnacnnnnx maqn|ama n xapona ns pannor anapa1a n
pannnx qnpmn. Hapanno, mopa cc nanomcny1n a |c oap
co nnmnx oancm1a|ana, a xacnn|c yrncnnx nsnncmcna,
no nponan o c1pannx oancm1a|nnx cnyn, npc cncra HHA,
1c cy cmnmncno n nnancxn y1nnann na ynnm1ananc pycxc
cxonomn|c n nsnomcny nonna nan Pycn|c. Onn cy n anac sa
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sananc scmnc cnoconn nyn, ox |c Hy1nnona Pycn|a
"ay1oxpa1cxa sa1o m1o nx |c cnpcnnna a anc ncpyna|y
Pycn|y.
Hpnna1nsann|a no mox 1cpann|om Jcropa Ia|apa n Ana1onn|a
Hya|ca
Hpnor npcmn|cpa Pycxc qccpann|c, Jcropa Ia|apa, Pycn hc
nam1n1n camo no sny. C osnpom a cc xomnnc1na cxonomn|a
CCCP asnpana na nnancxo| cxonomn|n, npc ncro m1o cc xpcnc
ca 1pnmnom cxonomn|om nno |c nconxono a cc nsnpmn
opccna npnnpcma n a ca nanpann nno xaxan nporpam xaxo
hc pana qynxnnonnca1n y 1om npcnacxy. Mcy1nm, Ia|ap |c
no canc1y c1pynnaxa MMm-a omax xpcnyo ca 1sn. mox
1cpann|om, m1o |c nna xa1ac1poqa sa pycxy cxonomn|y.
Hannxny1n a nm mnnnc1apc1no opcn m1a n xonnxo a
nponsncy, npcx1opn ncnnxnx npcyscha oc1ann cy no1nyno
cs xomnaca. Ha|cnom, rpaonn oc1a|y cs poa,
nononpnnpcnnnn nc opay|y yccnc, |cp ncma xo a nm poy
o1npcmn n |cnoc1anno nac1a|c xaoc. Ca cnc1cma xon1ponc
ncna, Jcrop Ia|ap npcnasn na cnoono qopmnpanc ncna poa,
nno1nnx namnpnnna n cncra oc1anor, m1o onon o
nccnyhcnor nonchana ncna n nnqnann|c. Hannonannn
nponsno o 2 mnnn|apc onapa y oa CCCP, sa ncxonnxo
ronna naa na 200 mnnnona onapa.
Hapancnno ca cxonomcxnm xonancom panc, npcccnnx Pycxc
qccpann|c, Bopnc Jcnnnn, noncpana npnna1nsann|y
cxonomnc1n ns Canx1 Hc1cpypra, Ana1onn|y Hya|cy. Hya|c |c
nsapao noronmnn mox xo|n cc sacnnnao na nayncpcxo|
npnna1nsann|n xo|a nnxaxo nn|c morna a npoc cs ncnnxc
nnqnann|c n cnannann|c pync. Cnn rpaann Pycn|c onnn cy
npnna1nsannonn nayncp y npcnoc1n o 10.000 pynn.
Komnnc1na npnna1nsann|a cncna cc na nocny xnnronoc1ncnc
npcnoc1n nmonnnc npcyscha 29% nmonnnc npoanano cc
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paannannma sa nayncpc, 51% a1 |c npcx1opnma n
sanocncnnm pannnnma, a pcc1o |c nno y nnacnnm1ny panc.
Yxynna nponcncna npcnoc1 nmonnnc pycxnx npcyscha xo|a |c
1pcano a cc npnna1nsy|c nsnocnna |c oxo 100 mnnn|apn
onapa.
Mcy1nm, xpa|cm 1993. ronnc onasn o nnqnann|c n 1o1annc
cnannann|c pync m1o onon o xpaxa npcnoc1n nponcncnc
nmonnnc sa ncncpona1nnx 95%, na |c 1axo nnqpa o 100
mnnn|apn nana na cncra 5 mnnn|apn onapa sa xomnnc1ny
nmonnny. To cy ncxopnc1nnn nyn xo|n cy c1cxnn nmc1ax o
noxpacnor xann1ana n ys onna1c ncsc ca no|cnnnm pycxnm
snannnnnnnma, na n camnm npcccnnxom n npcmn|cpom,
xynnnn cy ncnnxc pycxc rnran1c sa ysam1o! Taxo |c pcnnmo
|can cncprc1cxn rnran1 nony1 Iasnpoma, nn|a cc anamna
npcnoc1 o xaa |c npahcn no cxy1c panc nponcny|c na
npcxo 700 mnnn|apn onapa, y cmy1na npcmcna no npoa1 sa
cncra 250 mnnnona onapa. Bpcn nocc1n1n a |c 1aamnn
npcccnnx Iasnpoma no Bnx1op Hcpnomnpnn, xo|n |c 1aa
onn1o ysco opy nponnsn|y sa 1y cpamny npoa|y, |cp |c Hy
Jopx Ta|mc |om 1998. ronnc o|anno a cc ncrona nmonnna
xpchc y npcnoc1n o 5 mnnn|apn onapa. Taxnn nyn nonnn
cy Pycn|y n onynnnann o nno1nma pycxnx rpaana. Caa hcmo
noxasa1n 1acny, xo|y |c p Bcnnmnp Bpanxonnh o|anno,
ynopcnnmn ncnc y mnnnonnma onapa sa xonnxo cy no|cnna
npcyscha npoa1a, n nnxona ncna na cpsancxom 1pnm1y
nspacna y mnnn|apama onapa 1997. ronnc.
Hpcyschc
Hcna nayncpcxc
ayxnn|c 1993/94.ro
Hcna na pycxom
cpsancxom 1pnmy
anryc1a 1997.ronnc
Iasnpom 250 mnnnona $ 40.483 mnnn|apc $
Ayxonn 704 15.839
Poc1cncxom 464 4.172
11
Cypry1ncq1rac 79 6.607
Jyroannxncq1rac 80 1.656
Hapanno, cnc ono nno n ncno1nyno xaa nc ncmo nancnn
pcnnmo qnpmy Hopnnxnna| nnxn xo|a |c nmana npcxo 417 000
sanocncnnx n na cnc1cxom 1pnm1y yncc1nonana |c ca 35%
cnc1cxnx pcspcnnn nnxna, 10% axpa, 14% xoan1a, 20% nna1nnc n
55% nanan|yma. Bcponann nnn nc, ann ona| xomnna1 npoa1 |c
sa cncra 170,1 mnnnon onapa Oncxcnm annn Bnanmnpa
Ho1annna, ox my cc anamna npcnoc1 nponcny|c na
ncxonnxo c1o1nna mnnn|apn onapa. Cnnnno |c nno ca n
naq1nnm rnran1om JYKOCOM xora |c Mnxann Xopoxoncxn
xynno sa cncra 159 mnnnona onapa, naxo |c 1pnmna nponcna
1995.ronnc nna npcxo 35 mnnn|apn onapa. Y momcn1y
xanmcna nmonnna Xopoxoncxor nna |c nponcncna na npcxo
15 mnnn|apn onapa! Pasnnm mncxyna1nnnnm panama ona|
onnrapx |c y |cnom momcn1y pao npcxo 40 oc1o pycxor
no1cnnn|ana naq1c n raca. Hocnc xanmcna Xopoxoncxor,
"JYKOC |c nocncn na nnmc qnpmn xo|c cy npnc|cnncnc
pyrnm pycxnm cncprcn1cxnm rnran1nma, 1c |c 1axo Pycn|a
ycncna a xonnxo 1onnxo npa1n onnanxann nonan. Cnnnno |c
ypacno n ca CHBHPHEmT xo|n |c sa cncra 100 mnnnona
onapa npoa1 onnrapxy Bopncy Bcpcsoncxom. Haanoc1,
Bcpcsoncxn anac nscrana npany, sa1o m1o |c nponamao asnn y
Bcnnxo| Bpn1ann|n xo|a 1axo ycncmnor nsnncmcna m1n1n
o pycxor npanocya |cp nc cnn a ra nspynn. Onnrncno |c
sanano mcpnno ycncxa ononnxo xonnxo cn onnanxao
npo1nnnnxa. Bpno cmoxpa1cxn!
Jcan o canc1nnxa xaxo a cc pacnpoa|y pycxa npcyscha no
|c n ax1ycnnn no1npcccnnx Cpncxc Bnac n caamnn
qynxnnoncp ,C, Bonap Jcnnh. Bam y ncpnoy o 1992. o
1993. ronnc, xaa cy cc xpos mox 1cpann|y pycxa npcyscha
na|nnmc ocsnpcnnana n sa ara1cnnc napc npoanana
12
1a|xynnma, Bonap Jcnnh |c no ycncman canc1nnx
npcccnnxy Pycxc Bnac, Jcropy Ia|apy, no1npcccnnxy
nnac n mnnnc1py sa npnna1nsann|y Ana1onn|y Hya|cy, xao n
mnnnc1py qnnancn|a y 1om ncpnoy Bopncy m|oopony.
Konnxo |c no oap canc1nnx mnnnc1py qnnancn|a moa
ononno ronopn npnmcp a |c am y ncpnoy ncronor
canc1onana pyna na|nnmc xpaxnpana.
Hnanc, Jcnnh |c npc cnor mana1a y Pycn|n na nc1n nannn, camo
y ncpnoy o 1991. o 1992.ronnc, canc1onao n mnnnc1pa
qnnancn|c Honcxc, Acmcxa Bcnncponnna n npcx1opa
napmancxc cpsc. Taxoc, no |c n anraonan xao canc1nnx
Honcxc Bnac y onac1n maxpocxonomn|c n npnna1nsann|c.
H1a pchn, ocnm, cnaxa my nac1 na canc1nma?!
Tpn c1anc y npnna1nsonany npcyscha
Bpno |c sannmnnno carnca1n xpos xo|c c1anc cy npcyscha
nponasnna npnnnxom npnna1nsann|c. Bnno |c yxynno 1pn c1anc:
1. Hpnna1nsonanc on1n
2. Hpnna1nsonanc cno|nnc
3. Hpnna1nsonanc yrona
Hpna c1ana cnponocna |c sa1o m1o Ia|cp-Hya|cona nnaa nn|c
nnm1a ypanna a n npcyscha sam1n1nna o xpac. Hanmc, y
npnna1nsonany on1n nn|c cc omax xynonano npcyschc, nch
|c nno nano a cc y qnpmy yanc noysann nyn na mcc1o
rcncpannor, qnnancn|cxor nnn xomcpnn|annor npxc1opa. Tn
nyn cy nnn saycnn a pymc npcyschc, nsnocc ncron
npoqn1 n npcany|y ra y nnoc1panc1no na panync nocpcnnxa.
Taxo cc npnna1nsonana on1. Onor momcn1a xaa cc npcyschc
ocsnpcn npcnasn cc na npnna1nsann|y cno|nnc, xo|a cc
xynonana sa ara1cnnc napc, |cp cama cno|nna cs oc1napnnana
npoqn1a npcyscha nc npcn nnm1a. Y cnyna|y a |c npcyschc
npnna1nsonano n a |c connno nocnonano nno |c no1pcno
13
onnaa1n 1oxonnma nonna. To cc panno 1axo m1o cy cc y
npcyschc yannnann noysann nyn xo|n cc anc
qnnancn|cxnm oncpann|ama, mapxc1nnrom, npoa|om... Hpcxo
nnx npcyschc cc ncranno nnanxa, |cp |c pana nocnc
npnna1nsann|c cnc axnnonapc oc1annna cs nxaxnc sam1n1c, a
pcnnsn|a nocnonana ro1ono nnxaa nn|c cnponocna. Ha 1a|
nannn cc na panync y nnoc1panc1ny na ronmncm nnnoy
nsnocnno npcxo 15 mnnn|apn onapa! Ca 1onnxnm nonncm y
nnoc1panc1ny nonoqopmnpana cnn1a pycxnx ora1ama
nac1annana |c a xyny|c npcyscha xo|a |c npc 1ora namcpno
oncna y c1cna|, napanno sa na|nny moryhy ncny.
Hnax, 1pcha qasa y npnna1nsonany, a 1o |c xynonnna yrona,
npcc1annana |c na|ropn nn csopasnyxa. Bnaa Ia|ap-
Hya|c, ys nopmxy Bopnca Jcnnnna, xpcnyna |c y nponcc
yxnana pannnx anaxa. Ca pyrc c1panc omoryhcno |c
no|cnnnm npnnnncronannm nynma a o1napa|y npnna1nc
anxc xo|c cy o Hcn1pannc anxc Pycn|c on|anc sa|monc, m1o
|c nna npcx1na m1c1a sa Hcn1panny anxy. Mcy1nm,
nonoc1nopcnc npnna1nc anxc, a n cc saxnannnc pann sa
sa|am, 1c nc1c napc a|y Hcn1panno| annn y nny sa|ma o nc
mnnn|apc onapa, a Hcn1panna anxa xao rapannn|y a|c y
xnno1cxy cno|c axnn|c xo|c |c nmana y na|onnm pycxnm
npcyschnma. C osnpom a |c rnannn apxn1c1xa onor cpamnor
nna nocnonana, Ana1onn| Hya|c, snao a Hcn1panna anxa 1a|
nonan xo|n |c yscna na sa|am nc moc a npa1n, on |c cnccno
omoryhno pasnopasnnm cncxynan1nma a oy y nocc
nnacnnm1na na|onnx pycxnx npcyscha. ,pana |c sa nac
npoanana cno|c na|onc qapnxc, oc1a|ana ca npasnnm
ync1om, nonn nnacnnnn cy nocnonann 1axo m1o npax1nnno
nncy nn nnahann nopcs, a can xann1an onnnao cc y
nnoc1panc1no. 3a sananc scmnc, npcn nocc1n1n, Pycn|a |c
1aa nna npana cmoxpa1cxa pana. Hn|c nn nyo xaa |c
1onnxn pycxn nonan onnnan y sananc panc.
14
HOCAE,HHE HPOMAHEHE HOAHTHKE BOPHCA JEAHHHA
Konnxo cy canc1n MMm n saynnanc xo nc1or opn sa
cxonomcxy nonn1nxy |cnc panc na|onc ronopn noa1ax a
|c Pycn|a sa npcmc Bopnca Jcnnnna oc1nrna o nnqpc o 166
mnnn|apn onapa cnonncr yra. Ca pyrc c1panc, nponcna
sanannx cxonomcxnx anann1nnapa |c a cc xpos onnnanc
nonna xo|c cy onnrapcn cnpononnn n sor c1annor npahana
scncnamxnx xama1a xo|c cy xpcn1n nopasymcnann ns Pycn|c
onnno cxopo 500 mnnn|apn onapa.
To1annn cxonomcxn xpax Pycxc qccpann|c xo|n cc orono
1998.ronnc, npoyspoxonan orpomnnm onnnom pycxor xann1ana
na panync pycxnx onnrapxa y scmnama 3ananc Enponc n CA,,
onco |c napo na nnnny xa1ac1poqc. To1anno ocnpomamcno, ca
npoccnnom nna1om o 65 onapa, pycxo c1anonnnm1no na
na|onn moryhn nannn occ1nno |c m1a snann n1n y panama
canc1nnxa ns MMm-a n nnxonnx nocnymnnxa y conc1ncno|
pann. Honn1nxa xo|y |c Jcnnnn nono o 1991. o 1997. ronnc
oncna |c Pycn|y na 95. mcc1o no nannonannom oxo1xy no rnann
c1anonnnxa. Hpnmcpa pan, 1980. ronnc CCCP |c no na pyrom
mcc1y no nannonannom oxo1xy.
Harno ocnpomamcnc c1anonnnm1na oncno |c n o
cmorpaqcxc n conn|annc xa1ac1poqc. Y anannsn p
Bpanxonnha nanon cc a |c sa nn1annx 53% nonchana cmp1noc1
xo mymxapana, a 23% xo cna. Hpnmcpa pan, y ncpnoy o
1992 o 1998. ronnc y Pycn|n |c ympno npcxo na mnnnona
rpaana, ox |c y Hpnom cnc1cxom pa1y Pycn|a nsrynna oxo
1.700.000 c1anonnnxa. Epa Jcnnnna oncna |c o 1ora a mnnnonn
cnc n omnannc yy nanym1cna n a nnc o xnacnnnor
xnomapcna, ox |c cxopo 1.500.000 mnnnona no|nnxa no pacnay
CCCP npahcno y Pycn|y n cmcm1cno y ma1opc nnn apaxc, cs
nxaxnc moryhnoc1n sa ncxn onn nno1. Camo 1992. ronnc, nax
67.286 ma|xn oc1annno |c nocnc nopoa|a cno|y cny, ox |c 1997.
15
ronnc 1a| po| nopac1ao na 113.000. Pasnor |c ncmoryhnoc1 a
cny oxpanc. CCCP |c npn pacnay na 1cpn1opn|n caamnc
Pycn|c nmao ncrc oxo 7900 ooncnnx o cnqnnnca, a n cc 1a|
po| 1996.ronnc ynchao na nax 388.200. Y npcmc CCCP AH,C-a
ro1ono nn|c nno, mcy1nm 1o1annnm nncpannsonancm
pym1na n ocnpomamcncm rpaana npoc1n1ynn|a |c yscna maxa,
na ncxc nponcnc ronopc a n o 2010. ronnc y Pycn|n morno a
yc ro1ono 10 mnnnona ooncnnx o cnc. ,anamna Pycn|a
nma oxo 5 mnnnona pcrnc1ponannx napxomana, m1o |c cxopo 3%
c1anonnnm1na. Ha|c1pamnn|a ronna nna |c 1996. xaa |c o
1ponana anxoxonom ympno 35.000 rpaana. Y ncpnoy o 1992. o
1997. xaa |c nnanc nnaano no1nyno csnac, c1a1nc1nxa
ronopn a |c 229.000 nyn nsnpmnno camoync1no, 159.000 cc
o1ponano, 67.000 cc yannno, a 169.000 |c yn|cno!
3a 1o npcmc ncccc1ax onnrapxa npcyscno |c xomnnc1an
pannn xann1an n amxapnno cc y nsonny, ox |c napo
rnaonao. Cnnnan cncnapno, nc y 1o| mcpn pac1nnan, ann
cnrypno ca ncnnxnm nocncnnama, cnponocn |c n y Cpn|n, ann
n y mnornm pyrnm panama nc1onnc Enponc xo|c |c sanana
cmoxpa1n|a na onaxo qnn nannn noxymana a
"cmoxpa1nsy|c. ,nnan nno1, sap nc?!
,cmopanncana no|cxa
Jcna o na|nchnx nocncnna npomamcnc nonn1nxc Bopnca
Jcnnnna nno |c cposananc Pycxc apmn|c n mopnapnnc o 1c
mcpc, a |c Pycn|a npax1nnno xann1ynnpana npc ncncncxnm
1cpopnc1nma. Onm1n cxonomcxn xonanc y orpomno| mcpn
opasno cc n na no|cxy, |cp no|nn ync1 |c no sna1no mann y
onocy na ncpno CCCP xaa cy opromna cpcc1na ynarana y
apmn|y. Bcnnxn po| oqnnnpa nanym1ao |c pconc no|cxc sor
cnanx nna1a, a onn m1o cy oc1ann nnn cy xpa|nc
cmopanncann. Pa1 y Hcncnn|n oa1no |c cposao Pycxy apmn|y,
xo|a |c nonna xpnanc n1xc ca ncncncxnm 1cpopnc1nma
16
onna1o qnnancn|cxn no1nomorny1nm o c1panc sanannx
scmana. Kaa |c Pycxa apmn|a 1995.ronnc noxpcnyna mnpoxy
oqansnny y Hcncnn|n n y na|nchcm cny npcyscna xon1pony na
1om qccpannom |cnnnnom, ycncno |c 1cpopnc1nnxn ax1 y
Byanoncxy xo|n |c noxasao cny 1pynoc1 pycxnx oancm1a|nnx
cnyn. Hanmc, 1aa |c Hamnn Baca|cn ca ncxonnnnnom
1cpopnc1a ynao y onnnny y Byanoncxy n nyna 1pn ana
pao npcxo 2000 1anana. Y 1o| 1cpopnc1nnxo| axnn|n
nornnyno |c 120 ocoa, a pycxc nnac1n cy onyc1nnc a cc Baca|cn
ca cno|nm 1cpopnc1nma mnpno nonync ca ncxonnnnnom 1anana
o Hcncnn|c rc |c n ymaxao no1cpn. To |c no na|onn
noxasa1cn non1ync nccnoconoc1n pycxor cscnocnor xapa
xo|n |c, xao n xomnnc1na pana, no nannc1o npoymcn.
Hocnc nnsa 1cpopnc1nnxnx axa1a, Pycn|a |c nna npnmopana na
xann1ynann|y npc Hcncnnma, |cp cnopasym o nanonom
npnmnp|y, xo|n |c xpa|cm 1996.ronnc y ,arcc1any y nmc Pycxc
qccpann|c no1nncao rcncpan Ancxcanap Acc ca
1cpopnc1om Acnanom Macxaonnm, nopasymcnao |c nonnancnc
cnnx pycxnx 1pyna ns Hcncnn|c. Hcxonnxo mcccnn xacnn|c,
"cnopasym o mnpy non1ncann cy npcccnnx Pycxc
qccpann|c, Bopnc Jcnnnn n npmnnan ynoc1n npcccnnxa
Pcnynnxc Hnxcpn|c (1axo Hcncnn sony Hcncnn|y), 3cnnmxman
Janapn|cn. To1annn nopas Pycn|c y npnom ncncncxom pa1y
osnanno |c mnpcnc ncxansma y Hcncnn|n n aqnpmncanc
1copnpnsma, cnc ys nopmxy CA,.